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id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ลัทธิมากซ์–เลนิน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 72 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismus-Leninismus" title="Marxismus-Leninismus – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Marxismus-Leninismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9D-%E1%88%8C%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9D" title="ማርክሲስም-ሌኒኒስም – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማርክሲስም-ሌኒኒስም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ماركسية لينينية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماركسية لينينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ماركسيه-لينينيه – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماركسيه-لينينيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo-leninismu" title="Marxismo-leninismu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Marxismo-leninismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizm%E2%80%93leninizm" title="Marksizm–leninizm – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marksizm–leninizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксізм-ленінізм – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марксізм-ленінізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксізм-ленінізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марксізм-ленінізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme%E2%80%93Leninisme" title="Marxisme–Leninisme – บันจาร์" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Marxisme–Leninisme" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="บันจาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মার্কসবাদ-লেনিনবাদ – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কসবাদ-লেনিনবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksouriezh-leninouriezh" title="Marksouriezh-leninouriezh – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marksouriezh-leninouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marxisme-leninisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85-%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="مارکسیزم-لێنینیزم – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مارکسیزم-لێنینیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismus-leninismus" title="Marxismus-leninismus – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marxismus-leninismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcsiaeth%E2%80%93Leniniaeth" title="Marcsiaeth–Leniniaeth – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marcsiaeth–Leniniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marxisme-leninisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismus-Leninismus" title="Marxismus-Leninismus – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marxismus-Leninismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82-%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μαρξισμός-Λενινισμός – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρξισμός-Λενινισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Marxism–Leninism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksismo-leninismo" title="Marksismo-leninismo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marksismo-leninismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo-leninismo" title="Marxismo-leninismo – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marxismo-leninismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksism-leninism" title="Marksism-leninism – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marksism-leninism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%E2%80%93%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="مارکسیسم–لنینیسم – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارکسیسم–لنینیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismi-leninismi" title="Marxismi-leninismi – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marxismi-leninismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-l%C3%A9ninisme" title="Marxisme-léninisme – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marxisme-léninisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo-leninismo" title="Marxismo-leninismo – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marxismo-leninismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="मार्क्सवाद-लेनिनवाद – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मार्क्सवाद-लेनिनवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizam-lenjinizam" title="Marksizam-lenjinizam – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marksizam-lenjinizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxizmus%E2%80%93leninizmus" title="Marxizmus–leninizmus – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marxizmus–leninizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme%E2%80%93Leninisme" title="Marxisme–Leninisme – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marxisme–Leninisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx-len%C3%ADnismi" title="Marx-lenínismi – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Marx-lenínismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo-leninismo" title="Marxismo-leninismo – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marxismo-leninismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="マルクス・レーニン主義 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルクス・レーニン主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-L%C3%A9ninisme" title="Marxisme-Léninisme – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Marxisme-Léninisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მარქსიზმ-ლენინიზმი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარქსიზმ-ლენინიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксизм-ленинизм – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марксизм-ленинизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E2%80%93%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="លទ្ធិម៉ាក្ស–លេនីន – เขมร" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លទ្ធិម៉ាក្ស–លេនីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="เขมร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4-%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스-레닌주의 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마르크스-레닌주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marks%C3%AEzm-Len%C3%AEn%C3%AEzm" title="Marksîzm-Lenînîzm – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Marksîzm-Lenînîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксизм-ленинизм – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марксизм-ленинизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81-%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ – ลาว" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ลาว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizmas-leninizmas" title="Marksizmas-leninizmas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marksizmas-leninizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksisms-%C4%BCe%C5%86inisms" title="Marksisms-ļeņinisms – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marksisms-ļeņinisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme%E2%80%93Leninisme" title="Marxisme–Leninisme – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marxisme–Leninisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="मालेवाद – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मालेवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marxisme-leninisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marxisme-leninisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marxisme-leninisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6-%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮਾਰਕਸਵਾਦ-ਲੈਨਿਨਵਾਦ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਕਸਵਾਦ-ਲੈਨਿਨਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizm-leninizm" title="Marksizm-leninizm – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marksizm-leninizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%B2%D9%85_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="مارکسزم لیننزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مارکسزم لیننزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85_%E2%80%93_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="مارکسیزم – لینینیزم – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مارکسیزم – لینینیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo-leninismo" title="Marxismo-leninismo – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marxismo-leninismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism-leninism" title="Marxism-leninism – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marxism-leninism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксизм-ленинизм – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марксизм-ленинизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Marxism–Leninism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizam-lenjinizam" title="Marksizam-lenjinizam – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marksizam-lenjinizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marxism–Leninism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxizmus-leninizmus" title="Marxizmus-leninizmus – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marxizmus-leninizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizem-leninizem" title="Marksizem-leninizem – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marksizem-leninizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksiz%C3%ABm%E2%80%93Leninizmi" title="Marksizëm–Leninizmi – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marksizëm–Leninizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Марксизам-лењинизам – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Марксизам-лењинизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93leninism" title="Marxism–leninism – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marxism–leninism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxismo%E2%80%93Leninismo" title="Marxismo–Leninismo – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Marxismo–Leninismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksizm-Leninizm" title="Marksizm-Leninizm – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marksizm-Leninizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Марксизм-ленінізм – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марксизм-ленінізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_Marx%E2%80%93Lenin" title="Chủ nghĩa Marx–Lenin – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa Marx–Lenin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思列宁主义 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马克思列宁主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მარქსიზმ-ლენინიზმი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარქსიზმ-ლენინიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思列宁主义 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马克思列宁主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx-Lenin-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Marx-Lenin-chú-gī – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Marx-Lenin-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="馬列主義 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬列主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211930#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&oldid=11963730" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&id=11963730&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B9%258C%25E2%2580%2593%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B9%258C%25E2%2580%2593%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marxism-Leninism" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211930" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Marx_Lenin_oval.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Marx_Lenin_oval.svg/220px-Marx_Lenin_oval.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Marx_Lenin_oval.svg/330px-Marx_Lenin_oval.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Marx_Lenin_oval.svg/440px-Marx_Lenin_oval.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>สัญลักษ์ที่ประกอบไปด้วยหน้าของ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์ล มาคส์">คาร์ล มาคส์</a> และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="วลาดีมีร์ เลนิน">วลาดีมีร์ เลนิน</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ลัทธิมากซ์-เลนิน</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Marxism–Leninism</span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย">รัสเซีย</a>: Марксизм-ленинизм, <i>Marksizm-Leninizm</i>) เป็นอุดมการณ์ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดของกระแสการเคลื่อนไหวของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์">ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์</a> หลังจากการเหตุการณ์<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="การปฏิวัติเดือนตุลาคม">ปฏิวัติเดือนตุลาคม</a> และเป็นอุดมการณ์ที่โดดเด่นที่สุดของรัฐบาลคอมมิวนิสต์โดยส่วนใหญ่ตลอดศตวรรษที่ 20<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เป็นอุดมการณ์ของรัฐอย่างเป็นทางการของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต">สหภาพโซเวียต</a>และฝ่ายปกครองประเทศอื่น ๆ ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มตะวันออก">กลุ่มตะวันออก</a>รวมทั้งของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="องค์การคอมมิวนิสต์สากล">องค์การคอมมิวนิสต์สากล</a> ลัทธินี้ได้รับการพัฒนาโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="โจเซฟ สตาลิน">โจเซฟ สตาลิน</a> ในช่วงปลายปี ค.ศ. 1920 โดยอาศัยความเข้าใจและการวิเคราะห์<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ลัทธิมากซ์ดั้งเดิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ลัทธิมากซ์ดั้งเดิม</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ลัทธิเลนิน">ลัทธิเลนิน</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ภายหลัง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กระบวนการของการเอาชนะเสียงข้างมากของพรรคบอลเชวิก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กระบวนการของการเอาชนะเสียงข้างมากของพรรคบอลเชวิก</a> (Bolshevization)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เป้าหมายของลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินคือการเปลี่ยนแปลง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐทุนนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐทุนนิยม</a>ให้เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสังคมนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐสังคมนิยม</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="รัฐพรรคการเมืองเดียว">เพียงพรรคเดียว</a> ซึ่งนักวิชาการตะวันตกเรียกกันโดยทั่วไปว่า <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐคอมมิวนิสต์">รัฐคอมมิวนิสต์</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Economics_of_Socialism_after_World_War_Two:_1945-1990_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economics_of_Socialism_after_World_War_Two:_1945-1990-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_1983_289_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams_1983_289-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เพื่อสร้าง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เผด็จการของชนชั้นกรรมาชีพ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อำนาจเผด็จการของชนชั้นกรรมาชีพ</a><sup id="cite_ref-busky_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-busky-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> สิ่งเหล่านี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้จากการปฏิวัติที่นำโดยแนวหน้าระดับชนชั้นนำ ซึ่งจะได้รับการจัดระเบียบตามลำดับชั้นและตัดสินใจผ่านการรวมศูนย์กลางตามระบอบประชาธิปไตย<sup id="cite_ref-cooke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-albert24_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-albert24-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnmorgan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnmorgan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> รัฐจะเข้า<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสังคมนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ควบคุมเศรษฐกิจ</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ปัจจัยการผลิต">ปัจจัยการผลิต</a><sup id="cite_ref-Andrain_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrain-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ส่งเสริม<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ลัทธิการให้มีกรรมสิทธิ์ร่วมกัน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แนวคิดการให้มีกรรมสิทธิ์ร่วมกัน</a>ในสังคม ปราบปราม<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความเห็นแย้งทางการเมือง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความเห็นแย้งทางการเมือง</a><sup id="cite_ref-johnmorgan2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnmorgan2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andrain2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrain2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และปูทางไปสู่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="สังคมคอมมิวนิสต์">สังคมคอมมิวนิสต์</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คนไร้ชนชั้น (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไร้ชนชั้น</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="คนไร้สัญชาติ">ไร้สัญชาติ</a>ในที่สุด<sup id="cite_ref-cooke2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooke2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> นักลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินโดยทั่วไปจะสนับสนุน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ลัทธิสากลนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ลัทธิสากลนิยม</a>และต่อต้าน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ลัทธิทุนนิยม">ลัทธิทุนนิยม</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ลัทธิฟาสซิสต์">ลัทธิฟาสซิสต์</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ลัทธิจักรวรรดินิยม">ลัทธิจักรวรรดินิยม</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="เสรีประชาธิปไตย">เสรีประชาธิปไตย</a> ในฐานะอุดมการณ์อย่างหนึ่ง </p><p>ปัจจุบัน ลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินเป็นอุดมการณ์ของพรรคการเมืองของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ลัทธิสตาลิน">ลัทธิสตาลิน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="ลัทธิเหมา">ลัทธิเหมา</a>และยังคงเป็นอุดมการณ์อย่างเป็นทางการของฝ่ายปกครองประเทศของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งประเทศจีน">จีน</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์คิวบา">คิวบา</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="พรรคประชาชนปฏิวัติลาว">ลาว</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์เวียดนาม">เวียดนาม</a><sup id="cite_ref-cooke3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooke3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ภายหลังการเสียชีวิตของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="วลาดีมีร์ เลนิน">วลาดีมีร์ เลนิน</a>ในปี ค.ศ. 1924 ลัทธิมาร์ซ-ลัทธิเลนินกลายเป็นขบวนการทางปรัชญาที่มีความชัดเจนในสหภาพโซเวียต เมื่อสตาลินและผู้สนับสนุนของเขาได้เข้าควบคุมพรรค ได้ปฏิเสธแนวคิดทั่วไปในหมู่นักนิยมลัทธิมาร์ซตะวันตกเกี่ยวกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="การปฏิวัติโลก">การปฏิวัติโลก</a> ซึ่งเป็นข้อกำหนดเบื้องต้นสำหรับการสร้างลัทธิสังคมนิยม เพื่อสนับสนุนแนวคิด<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="สังคมนิยมประเทศเดียว">สังคมนิยมในประเทศเดียว</a> ตามที่ผู้สนับสนุนได้กล่าวไว้ว่า การเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างค่อยเป็นค่อยไปจากลัทธิทุนนิยมสู่ลัทธิสังคมนิยมได้บ่งชี้โดยการนำเสนอ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="แผนห้าปีฉบับที่หนึ่ง">แผนห้าปีเป็นครั้งแรก</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1936&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐธรรมนูญของสหภาพโซเวียต ค.ศ. 1936 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐธรรมนูญโซเวียต ปี ค.ศ. 1936</a> ความเป็นสากลนิยมของลัทธิมาร์ซ-ลัทธิเลนินได้แสดงออกในการสนับสนุนการปฏิวัติในประเทศอื่นๆ (ตัวอย่างเช่น เริ่มแรกโดยองค์การ์คอมมิวนิสต์สากลหรือผ่านแนวคิดของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประเทศพึ่งพาสังคมนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประเทศพึ่งพาสังคมนิยม</a> ภายหลัง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="การล้มล้างอิทธิพลของสตาลิน">การล้มล้างอิทธิพลของสตาลิน</a>) ในปลายปี ค.ศ. 1920 สตาลินได้สถาปนาออร์ทอดอกซ์ทางอุดมการณ์ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสหภาพโซเวียต">พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์รัสเซีย(บอลเชวิก)</a> สหภาพโซเวียตและองค์การคอมมิวนิสต์สากลก่อตั้งองค์กรนักลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินระดับสากลในการบัญญัติแนวคิดของลัทธิมากซ์–เลนิน<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-made_by_stalin22_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-made_by_stalin22-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เพื่อกำหนดรูปแบบ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9" title="ทฤษฎีวัตถุนิยมวิภาษ">ทฤษฎีวัตถุนิยมวิภาษ</a>ในฉบับของโซเวียตในปลายปี ค.ศ. 1930 โดยสตาลินและผู้สนับสนุนหนังสือเรียนอย่างเป็นทางการของสตาลินในหัวข้อเรื่อง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประวัติศาสตร์ของพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสหภาพโซเวียต(บอลเชวิก) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประวัติศาสตร์ของพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสหภาพโซเวียต(บอลเชวิก)</a> (ค.ศ. 1938) นิยมใช้คำว่า ลัทธิมาร์ซ-ลัทธิเลนินในท่ามกลางหมู่คอมมิวนิสต์และไม่ใช่คอมมิวนิสต์<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ลัทธิมาร์ซ-ลัทธิเลนินได้ถูกวิพากษ์วิจารณ์อย่างกว้างขวางจากทั้งฝ่ายซ้ายและฝ่ายขวา ประวัติศาสตร์ของนักลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินได้ถูกวิพากษ์วิจารณ์โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง รวมทั้งนัก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สังคมนิยม">สังคมนิยม</a>คนอื่นๆ เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="อนาธิปไตย">อนาธิปไตย</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="คอมมิวนิสต์">คอมมิวนิสต์</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประชาธิปไตยสังคมนิยม">ประชาธิปไตยสังคมนิยม</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ลัทธิมากซ์">นักนิยมลัทธิมาร์ซ</a> รัฐที่นิยมลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินถูกกล่าวหาว่าเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลัทธิอำนาจนิยม">ลัทธิอำนาจนิยม</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ">ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ</a> รวมทั้ง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การปราบปรามทางการเมือง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การปราบปราม</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การสังการหมู่ภายใต้ระบอบคอมมิวนิสต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สังหาร</a>ต่อผู้ที่มีความคิดเห็นแย้งทางการเมืองและชนชั้นทางสังคมจำนวนมาก (ที่เรียกกันว่า "<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="ศัตรูของประชาชน">ศัตรูของประชาชน</a>") <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การกดขี่ทางศาสนา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การกดขี่ข่มเหงทางศาสนา</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การกวาดล้างเผ่าพันธ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การกวาดล้างเผ่าพันธ์</a> บังคับให้ทำการผลิตเกษตรกรรมแบบรวม และใช้<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แรงงานบังคับ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แรงงานเกณฑ์บังคับ</a>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค่ายกักกัน">ค่ายกักกัน</a><sup id="cite_ref-service_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-service-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walker-gray_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-gray-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> รัฐต่างๆ ได้ถูกกล่าวหาว่า ได้กระทำ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" class="mw-redirect" title="พันธุฆาต">การฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธ์</a>ในประเทศจีน <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="สาธารณรัฐประชาชนโปแลนด์">โปแลนด์</a> และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ปัญหาการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์โฮโลโดมอร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ยูเครน</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="นักการเมืองฝ่ายซ้ายที่ต่อต้านลัทธิสตาลิน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">นักการเมืองฝ่ายซ้ายที่ต่อต้านลัทธิสตาลิน</a>และนักวิจารณ์<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การเมืองฝ่ายซ้าย">ฝ่ายซ้าย</a>คนอื่นๆ ได้ลงความเห็นว่า เป็นตัวอย่างของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐทุนนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐทุนนิยม</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และได้เรียกกันว่า "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ฟาสซิสต์แดง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พวกฟาสซิสต์แดง</a>" ซึ่งเป็นฝ่ายตรงข้ามกับการเมืองฝ่ายซ้าย<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> นักฝ่ายซ้ายคนอื่นๆ รวมทั้งนักลัทธิมากซ์-เลนินบางคนได้วิพากษ์วิจารณ์ถึงการกระทำกดขี่ของรัฐ ในขณเดียวกันก็ตระหนักถึงความก้าวหน้าบางอย่าง เช่น ความสำเร็จในการเสมอภาคเท่าเทียมกันและ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การทำให้ทันสมัย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การทำให้ทันสมัย</a>ภายใต้รัฐดังกล่าว<sup id="cite_ref-Parenti_1997_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parenti_1997-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Milne_2006_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milne_2006-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLansford2008" class="citation book cs1">Lansford, Tom (2008). <i>Communism</i>. Political systems of the world. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-7614-2628-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-7614-2628-8"><bdi>978-0-7614-2628-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Political+systems+of+the+world&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Benchmark&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-2628-8&rft.aulast=Lansford&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span> "By 1985, one-third of the world's population lived under a Marxist–Leninist system of government in one form or another."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bottomore, T. B. (1991). <i>A Dictionary of Marxist Thought</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Economics_of_Socialism_after_World_War_Two:_1945-1990-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Economics_of_Socialism_after_World_War_Two:_1945-1990_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWilczynski2008" class="citation book cs1">Wilczynski, J. (2008). <i>The Economics of Socialism after World War Two: 1945-1990</i>. Aldine Transaction. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0202362281" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0202362281"><bdi>978-0202362281</bdi></a>. <q>Contrary to Western usage, these countries describe themselves as 'Socialist' (not 'Communist'). The second stage (Marx's 'higher phase'), or 'Communism' is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs (not work), the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate 'whithering away' of the State.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Socialism+after+World+War+Two%3A+1945-1990&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Aldine+Transaction&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0202362281&rft.aulast=Wilczynski&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1999" class="citation book cs1">Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). <i>From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation</i>. Open Court. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0875484495" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0875484495"><bdi>978-0875484495</bdi></a>. <q>Among Western journalists the term 'Communist' came to refer exclusively to regimes and movements associated with the Communist International and its offspring: regimes which insisted that they were not communist but socialist, and movements which were barely communist in any sense at all.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Marx+to+Mises%3A+Post+Capitalist+Society+and+the+Challenge+of+Economic+Calculation&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1999-09&rft.isbn=978-0875484495&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=David+Ramsay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2003" class="citation book cs1">Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (23 July 2003). <i>Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy</i>. MIT Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0262182348" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0262182348"><bdi>978-0262182348</bdi></a>. <q>Ironically, the ideological father of communism, Karl Marx, claimed that communism entailed the withering away of the state. The dictatorship of the proletariat was to be a strictly temporary phenomenon. Well aware of this, the Soviet Communists never claimed to have achieved communism, always labeling their own system socialist rather than communist and viewing their system as in transition to communism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Economics+in+a+Transforming+World+Economy&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003-07-23&rft.isbn=978-0262182348&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Mariana+V.+and+J+Barkley+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_1983_289-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1983_289_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1983" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Raymond (1983). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="ต้องสมัครสมาชิกแบบฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keywordsvocabula00willrich/page/289">"Socialism"</a></span>. <i>Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society, revised edition</i>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keywordsvocabula00willrich/page/289">289</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-520469-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-520469-8"><bdi>978-0-19-520469-8</bdi></a>. <q>The decisive distinction between socialist and communist, as in one sense these terms are now ordinarily used, came with the renaming, in 1918, of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) as the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From that time on, a distinction of socialist from communist, often with supporting definitions such as social democrat or democratic socialist, became widely current, although it is significant that all communist parties, in line with earlier usage, continued to describe themselves as socialist and dedicated to socialism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Socialism&rft.btitle=Keywords%3A+A+vocabulary+of+culture+and+society%2C+revised+edition&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-19-520469-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeywordsvocabula00willrich%2Fpage%2F289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-busky-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-busky_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Busky, Donald. <i>Communism in History and Theory: From Utopian socialism to the fall of the Soviet Union</i>. Greenwood Publishing, 2002. pp.163-165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooke-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cooke_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooke, Chris, ed. (1998). <i>Dictionary of Historical Terms</i> (2nd ed.). pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-albert24-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-albert24_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert, Michael; Hahnel, Robin (1981). <i>Socialism Today and Tomorrow</i>. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. pp. 24–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnmorgan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-johnmorgan_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Morgan, W. "Marxism–Leninism: The Ideology of Twentieth-Century Communism". In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), <i>International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences</i>, 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier, 2015. pp.657–662</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrain-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrain_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrai, Charles F. (1994). <i>Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change</i>. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnmorgan2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-johnmorgan2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Morgan, W. "Marxism–Leninism: The Ideology of Twentieth-Century Communism". In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), <i>International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences</i>, 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier, 2015. pp.657–662</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrain2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrain2_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrai, Charles F. (1994). <i>Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change</i>. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooke2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cooke2_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooke, Chris, ed. (1998). <i>Dictionary of Historical Terms</i> (2nd ed.). pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooke3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cooke3_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooke, Chris, ed. (1998). <i>Dictionary of Historical Terms</i> (2nd ed.). pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bullock, Allan; Trombley, Stephen, eds. (1999). <i>The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought</i> (3rd ed.). p. 506.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-made_by_stalin22-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-made_by_stalin22_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisischkin, G. (1989). "Mify i real'nost'" <span class="languageicon">(ในภาษารัสเซีย)</span>. <i>Novy Mir</i> (3): 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Marxism". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Encyclopedic_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary</a></i>. p. 00.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-service-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-service_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Service, Robert (2007). <i>Comrades!: A History of World Communism</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. 3–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walker-gray-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-walker-gray_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, Daniel; Walker, David (2009). <i>The A to Z of Marxism</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/holodomor">"Holodomor"</a>. <i>Holocaust and Genocide Studies</i>. College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holocaust+and+Genocide+Studies&rft.atitle=Holodomor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcla.umn.edu%2Fchgs%2Fholocaust-genocide-education%2Fresource-guides%2Fholodomor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2010" class="citation news cs1">Becker, Jasper (24 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040238/http://www.jasperbecker.com/Spectator%20-%20Systematic%20genocide.pdf">"Systematic genocide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Spectator</i>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jasperbecker.com/Spectator%20-%20Systematic%20genocide.pdf">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ 2021-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Systematic+genocide&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jasperbecker.com%2FSpectator%2520-%2520Systematic%2520genocide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKarski2012" class="citation journal cs1">Karski, Karol (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=jil">"The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study"</a>. <i>Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 703–760<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Case+Western+Reserve+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+Crime+of+Genocide+Committed+against+the+Poles+by+the+USSR+before+and+during+World+War+II%3A+An+International+Legal+Study&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=703-760&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Karski&rft.aufirst=Karol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.case.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1078%26context%3Djil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSawicky2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Sawicky, Nicholas D. (20 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206042729/https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&context=ehd_theses"><i>The Holodomor: Genocide and National Identity</i></a> (Education and Human Development Master's Theses). The College at Brockport: State University of New York. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&context=ehd_theses">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2021-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span> – โดยทาง Digital Commons. <q>Scholars also disagree over what role the Soviet Union played in the tragedy. Some scholars point to Stalin as the mastermind behind the famine, due to his hatred of Ukrainians (Hosking, 1987). Others assert that Stalin did not actively cause the famine, but he knew about it and did nothing to stop it (Moore, 2012). Still other scholars argue that the famine was just an effect of the Soviet Union's push for rapid industrialization and a by-product of that was the destruction of the peasant way of life (Fischer, 1935). The final school of thought argues that the Holodomor was caused by factors beyond the control of the Soviet Union and Stalin took measures to reduce the effects of the famine on the Ukrainian people (Davies & Wheatcroft, 2006).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Holodomor%3A+Genocide+and+National+Identity&rft.inst=The+College+at+Brockport%3A+State+University+of+New+York&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft.aulast=Sawicky&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.brockport.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1318%26context%3Dehd_theses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCliff1996" class="citation book cs1">Cliff, Tony (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/ebooks/cliff/state-capitalism-in-russia-cliff.pdf"><i>State Capitalism in Russia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span> – โดยทาง Marxists Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Capitalism+in+Russia&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Cliff&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Febooks%2Fcliff%2Fstate-capitalism-in-russia-cliff.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAlamiDixon2020" class="citation journal cs1">Alami, Ilias; Dixon, Adam D. (January 2020). "State Capitalism(s) Redux? Theories, Tensions, Controversies". <i>Competition & Change</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 70–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1024529419881949">10.1177/1024529419881949</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1024-5294">1024-5294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Competition+%26+Change&rft.atitle=State+Capitalism%28s%29+Redux%3F+Theories%2C+Tensions%2C+Controversies&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-94&rft.date=2020-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1024529419881949&rft.issn=1024-5294&rft.aulast=Alami&rft.aufirst=Ilias&rft.au=Dixon%2C+Adam+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVoline1995" class="citation journal cs1">Voline (1995). แปลโดย Sharkey, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/voline-red-fascism">"Red Fascism"</a>. <i>Itinéraire</i>. Paris (13)<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span> – โดยทาง The Anarchist Library. First published in the July 1934 edition of <i>Ce qu'il faut dire</i> (Brussels).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Itin%C3%A9raire&rft.atitle=Red+Fascism&rft.issue=13&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Voline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fvoline-red-fascism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cite_journal" title="แม่แบบ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 maint: postscript">ลิงก์</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2003" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer, Gerald (Summer 2003). "Anarchism, Marxism and the Collapse of the Soviet Union". <i>Science & Society</i>. <b>67</b> (2): 218–221. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8237">0036-8237</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40404072">40404072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Anarchism%2C+Marxism+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218-221&rft.date=2003&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40404072%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0036-8237&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTamblyn2019" class="citation journal cs1">Tamblyn, Nathan (April 2019). "The Common Ground of Law and Anarchism". <i>Liverpool Law Review</i>. <b>40</b> (1): 65–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10991-019-09223-1">10.1007/s10991-019-09223-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1572-8625">1572-8625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Common+Ground+of+Law+and+Anarchism&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-78&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10991-019-09223-1&rft.issn=1572-8625&rft.aulast=Tamblyn&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parenti_1997-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Parenti_1997_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFParenti1997" class="citation book cs1">Parenti, Michael (1997). <i>Blackshirts and Reds: Rational Fascism and the Overthrow of Communism</i>. San Francisco: City Lights Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780872863293" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780872863293"><bdi>9780872863293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blackshirts+and+Reds%3A+Rational+Fascism+and+the+Overthrow+of+Communism&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=City+Lights+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780872863293&rft.aulast=Parenti&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milne_2006-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Milne_2006_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Milne, Seumas (16 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Columnists/Column/0,,1710891,00.html">"Communism may be dead, but clearly not dead enough"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Retrieved 18 April 2020. "The dominant account gives no sense of how communist regimes renewed themselves after 1956 or why western leaders feared they might overtake the capitalist world well into the 1960s. For all its brutalities and failures, communism in the Soviet Union, eastern Europe and elsewhere delivered rapid industrialisation, mass education, job security and huge advances in social and gender equality."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatismarxismleninism">What Is Marxism-Leninism?</a></i> A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progress Publishers (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Progress Publishers</a> book meant to introduce readers to the subject.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/m/a.htm#Marxism–Leninism">"Marxism–Leninism"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Marxism</i>. Marxists Internet Archive.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin, Joseph</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm"><i>The Foundations of Leninism</i></a>. Marxists Internet Archive.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Spirkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Spirkin (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Spirkin, Alexander</a>; Syrovatkin, Sergei, trans. (1990). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106055116/http://su-ltd.mylivepage.ru/file/2715/6195_Spirkin_Fundamentals_of_Philosophy.djvu">Fundamentals of Philosophy</a></i>. Moscow: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progress Publishers (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Progress Publishers</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Society.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/45px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/68px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/90px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความเกี่ยวกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การเมือง">การเมือง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การปกครอง">การปกครอง</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครง">โครง</a> คุณสามารถช่วยวิกิพีเดียได้โดยการ<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit">เพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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