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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Engineering Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Program_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Program_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Program structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Program_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Program structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Program_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phase_I_(robotic):_Orbital_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_I_(robotic):_Orbital_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phase I (robotic): Orbital missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_I_(robotic):_Orbital_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase_II_(robotic):_Soft_landers/rovers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_II_(robotic):_Soft_landers/rovers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Phase II (robotic): Soft landers/rovers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_II_(robotic):_Soft_landers/rovers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase_III_(robotic):_Sample-return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_III_(robotic):_Sample-return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Phase III (robotic): Sample-return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_III_(robotic):_Sample-return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase_IV_(robotic):_Lunar_robotic_research_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase_IV_(robotic):_Lunar_robotic_research_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Phase IV (robotic): Lunar robotic research station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase_IV_(robotic):_Lunar_robotic_research_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crewed_mission_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crewed_mission_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Crewed mission phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crewed_mission_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2035_and_thereafter:_International_Moon_base_and_application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2035_and_thereafter:_International_Moon_base_and_application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2035 and thereafter: International Moon base and application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2035_and_thereafter:_International_Moon_base_and_application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of missions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_missions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of missions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conducted_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conducted_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Conducted missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conducted_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upcoming_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upcoming_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Upcoming missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upcoming_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Key technologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Key_technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Key technologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Key_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Long-range_TT&C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-range_TT&C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Long-range TT&C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-range_TT&C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_adaptability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_adaptability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Environmental adaptability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_adaptability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit_design_and_flight_sequence_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit_design_and_flight_sequence_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Orbit design and flight sequence control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbit_design_and_flight_sequence_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitude_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitude_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Attitude control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitude_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hazard_avoidance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hazard_avoidance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Hazard avoidance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hazard_avoidance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International cooperation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International cooperation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooperation_with_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_with_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cooperation with Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_with_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1" title="البرنامج الصيني لاستكشاف القمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرنامج الصيني لاستكشاف القمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Chino_d%27Exploraci%C3%B3n_Lunar" title="Programa Chino d'Exploración Lunar – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Programa Chino d'Exploración Lunar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inin_Aya_ekspedisiya_proqram%C4%B1" title="Çinin Aya ekspedisiya proqramı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çinin Aya ekspedisiya proqramı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="চীনা চন্দ্রানুসন্ধান কর্মসূচি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা চন্দ্রানুসন্ধান কর্মসূচি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Китайска програма за проучване на Луната – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска програма за проучване на Луната" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_lunar_xin%C3%A8s" title="Programa lunar xinès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Programa lunar xinès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_%C4%8Cchang-e" title="Program Čchang-e – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Program Čchang-e" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondprogramm_der_Volksrepublik_China" title="Mondprogramm der Volksrepublik China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mondprogramm der Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Chino_de_Exploraci%C3%B3n_Lunar" title="Programa Chino de Exploración Lunar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Programa Chino de Exploración Lunar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="برنامه کاوش ماه چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنامه کاوش ماه چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_chinois_d%27exploration_lunaire" title="Programme chinois d'exploration lunaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Programme chinois d'exploration lunaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8B%AC_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="중국 달 탐사 계획 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국 달 탐사 계획" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="चीन का चंद्र अन्वेषण कार्यक्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन का चंद्र अन्वेषण कार्यक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Penjelajahan_Bulan_Tiongkok" title="Program Penjelajahan Bulan Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Program Penjelajahan Bulan Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_cinese_di_esplorazione_della_Luna" title="Programma cinese di esplorazione della Luna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Programma cinese di esplorazione della Luna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%97" title="תוכנית החלל הסינית לחקר הירח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוכנית החלל הסינית לחקר הירח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ჩინეთის მთვარის კვლევის პროგრამა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთის მთვარის კვლევის პროგრამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csang-o-program" title="Csang-o-program – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csang-o-program" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BB" title="കൃത്രിമ ചന്ദ്രൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൃത്രിമ ചന്ദ്രൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinees_Maanverkenningsprogramma" title="Chinees Maanverkenningsprogramma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinees Maanverkenningsprogramma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB" title="嫦娥計画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="嫦娥計画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Chang%E2%80%99e" title="Program Chang’e – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Program Chang’e" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Chin%C3%AAs_de_Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Lunar" title="Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programul_chinez_de_explorare_lunar%C4%83" title="Programul chinez de explorare lunară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Programul chinez de explorare lunară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Лунная программа Китая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лунная программа Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_%C4%8Cchang-e" title="Program Čchang-e – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Program Čchang-e" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27eprogrammet" title="Chang'eprogrammet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chang'eprogrammet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="చంద్రుడి వద్దకు చైనా పరిశోధక యాత్రలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చంద్రుడి వద్దకు చైనా పరిశోధక యాత్రలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Ay_Ke%C5%9Fif_Program%C4%B1" title="Çin Ay Keşif Programı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Ay Keşif Programı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Китайська програма дослідження Місяця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська програма дослідження Місяця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Lunar research program (2004 – present)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">中国探月工程<br />Zhōngguó Tànyuè Gōngchéng</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CLEP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/CLEP.png/150px-CLEP.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/CLEP.png/225px-CLEP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/15/CLEP.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="372" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Program insignia: a lunar crescent with two footprints at its center. The symbol resembles 月, the Chinese character for "Moon".</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Program overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location">China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">China National Space Administration</a> (CNSA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon missions</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a> (beginning 2030)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Ongoing</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Program history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">23 January 2004–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a>, 24 October 2007, 10:05:04.602<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2007-10-24UTC10:05:04Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a>, 3 May 2024, 09:27:29.132<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2024-05-03UTC09:27:29Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successes</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Failures</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang Satellite Launch Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site">Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Vehicle information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Uncrewed vehicle(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">lunar</a> <a href="/wiki/Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter">orbiters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">landers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rovers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">sample return spacecraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch vehicle(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March rockets</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</b> (<b>CLEP</b>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国探月工程</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Tànyuè Gōngchéng</span></i>), also known as the <b>Chang'e Project</b> (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">嫦娥工程</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Cháng'é Gōngchéng</span></i>) after the Chinese Moon goddess <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e" title="Chang'e">Chang'e</a>, is an ongoing series of <a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">robotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon missions</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">China National Space Administration</a> (CNSA). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engineering_Program">Engineering Program</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Engineering Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The program encompasses lunar <a href="/wiki/Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter">orbiters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">landers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rovers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">sample return spacecraft</a>, launched using the <a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March series of rockets</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Chinese_crewed_lunar_lander" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese crewed lunar lander">human lunar landing component</a> may have been added to the program, after China publicly announced crewed lunar landing plans by the year 2030 during a conference in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ17072023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The program's launches and flights are monitored by a telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) system, which uses 50-meter (160-foot) radio antennas in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and 40-meter (130-foot) antennas in <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a> to form a 3,000-kilometer (1,900-mile) <a href="/wiki/VLBI" class="mw-redirect" title="VLBI">VLBI</a> antenna.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proprietary ground application system is responsible for downlink data reception. </p><p>In 2019, China National Space Administration head <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Kejian" title="Zhang Kejian">Zhang Kejian</a> announced that China is planning to build a <a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">scientific research station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">Moon's south pole</a> "within the next 10 years".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Program_structure">Program structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Program structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Special:EditPage/Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Ziyuan" title="Ouyang Ziyuan">Ouyang Ziyuan</a>, a geologist and <a href="/wiki/Cosmochemistry" title="Cosmochemistry">chemical cosmologist</a>, is the program's chief scientist. <a href="/wiki/Ye_Peijian" title="Ye Peijian">Ye Peijian</a> serves as the program's chief commander and chief designer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable for such a strong claim in the lead (WP:NOTRS). (August 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sun_Jiadong" title="Sun Jiadong">Sun Jiadong</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineer</a>, is the program's general designer and Sun Zezhou is deputy general designer. The leading program manager is Luan Enjie.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is divided into four main operational phases, with each mission serving as a technology demonstrator in preparation for future missions. International cooperation in the form of various payloads and a robotic station is invited by China.<sup id="cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jan_2019_press_conference-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_I_(robotic):_Orbital_missions"><span id="Phase_I_.28robotic.29:_Orbital_missions"></span>Phase I (robotic): Orbital missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phase I (robotic): Orbital missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first phase entailed the launch of two <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbiters</a>, and is now effectively complete. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a> was launched aboard a <a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">Long March 3A</a> rocket from <a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang Satellite Launch Center</a> on 24 October 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having been delayed from the initial planned date of 17–19 April 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It scanned the entire Moon in unprecedented detail, generating a high definition 3D map that would provide a reference for future soft landings. The probe also mapped the abundance and distribution of various chemical elements on the lunar surface as part of an evaluation of potentially useful resources.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a>, launched on 1 October 2010 aboard a <a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">Long March 3C</a> rocket, reached the Moon in under 5 days, compared to 12 days for Chang'e 1, and mapped the Moon in even greater detail. It then left lunar orbit and headed for the Earth–Sun <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian point">Lagrangian point</a> in order to test the TT&C network. Having done that it completed a flyby of asteroid <a href="/wiki/4179_Toutatis" title="4179 Toutatis">4179 Toutatis</a> on 13 December 2012, before heading into deep space to further test the TT&C network.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_II_(robotic):_Soft_landers/rovers"><span id="Phase_II_.28robotic.29:_Soft_landers.2Frovers"></span>Phase II (robotic): Soft landers/rovers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phase II (robotic): Soft landers/rovers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangE-4,_Yutu-2_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yutu-2, the first rover deployed on the far side of the Moon, working during Chang'e 4 mission" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/200px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/300px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/400px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Yutu-2</i>, the first rover deployed on the far side of the Moon, working during Chang'e 4 mission</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chang-e 5 lunar mission's Returner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png/200px-Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png/300px-Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png/400px-Chang-e_5_back_to_CAST_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Before Chang-e 5, no lunar sample-return was conducted in over four decades.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The second phase is ongoing<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, and incorporates spacecraft capable of <a href="/wiki/Soft_landing_(rocketry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft landing (rocketry)">soft-landing</a> on the Moon and deploying <a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">lunar rovers</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>, launched on 2 December 2013 aboard a <a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a> rocket, landed on the Moon on 14 December 2013. It carried with it a 140 kilograms (310 pounds) lunar rover named <a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i></a>, which was designed to explore an area of 3 square kilometers (1.2 square miles) during a 3-month mission. It was also supposed to conduct ultra-violet observations of galaxies, active galactic nuclei, variable stars, binaries, novae, quasars, and blazars, as well as the structure and dynamics of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Plasmasphere" title="Plasmasphere">plasmasphere</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> was launched on 7 December 2018. Originally scheduled for 2015, it was a back-up for Chang'e 3. However, as a result of the success of that mission, the configuration of Chang'e 4 was adjusted for the next mission.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It landed on 3 January 2019 on the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole-Aitken_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pole-Aitken Basin">South Pole-Aitken Basin</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>, and deployed the <i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i> rover.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_III_(robotic):_Sample-return"><span id="Phase_III_.28robotic.29:_Sample-return"></span>Phase III (robotic): Sample-return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phase III (robotic): Sample-return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third phase included a lunar <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">sample-return mission</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> was launched on 23 October 2014. It was designed to test the lunar return spacecraft.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> was launched on 23 November 2020, landed near <a href="/wiki/Mons_R%C3%BCmker" title="Mons Rümker">Mons Rümker</a> on the Moon on 1 December 2020, and returned to Earth with 1,731 grams (61.1 oz) of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar sample">lunar samples</a> back to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase_IV_(robotic):_Lunar_robotic_research_station"><span id="Phase_IV_.28robotic.29:_Lunar_robotic_research_station"></span>Phase IV (robotic): Lunar robotic research station</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phase IV (robotic): Lunar robotic research station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phase IV is the development of an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">lunar research station</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">Moon's south pole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jan_2019_press_conference-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Planning_by_2018_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_by_2018-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Phase IV program entered active development in 2023 following the successful completion of the previous three phases.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a>, launched on 3 May 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-lunar-schedule_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunar-schedule-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-space-20210708_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space-20210708-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LT_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LT-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> investigated the topography, composition and subsurface structure of the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole%E2%80%93Aitken_basin" title="South Pole–Aitken basin">South Pole–Aitken basin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>. The mission <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">returned samples</a> to Earth from <a href="/wiki/Apollo_(crater)" title="Apollo (crater)">Apollo Basin</a> on the far side of the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunar_plans_for_phase_IV_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunar_plans_for_phase_IV-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lunar_program_next_plan_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunar_program_next_plan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also carried a Chinese rover called <i>Jinchan</i> to conduct <a href="/wiki/Absorption_spectroscopy" title="Absorption spectroscopy">infrared spectroscopy</a> of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a>, expected to launch in 2026, is a mission that will explore the south pole for resources. The mission will include an orbiter, a lander, and a mini-flying probe.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20221128_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20221128-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a>, expected to launch in 2028, will verify in-situ resource development and utilization technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20221128_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20221128-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may include a lander, a rover, and a flying detector,<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_by_2018_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_by_2018-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a 3D-printing experiment using <a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">in situ resource utilization</a> (ISRU) to test-build a structure,<sup id="cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jan_2019_press_conference-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will also transport a small sealed ecosystem experiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_by_2018_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_by_2018-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will test technology necessary to the construction of a lunar science base.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crewed_mission_phase">Crewed mission phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crewed mission phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mengzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Mengzhou (spacecraft)">Mengzhou (spacecraft)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanyue" title="Lanyue">Lanyue</a></div> <p>In 2019, China was reviewing preliminary studies for a crewed lunar landing mission in the 2030s,<sup id="cite_ref-China_base_Quarts_2018_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_base_Quarts_2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and possibly building an outpost near the lunar south pole with international cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jan_2019_press_conference-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-China_base_Quarts_2018_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_base_Quarts_2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 July 2023, at the 9th China (International) Commercial Aerospace Forum in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei province, Zhang Hailian, a deputy chief designer with the <a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Agency" title="China Manned Space Agency">China Manned Space Agency</a> (CMSA), publicly introduced a preliminary plan to land two astronauts on the Moon by the year 2030<sup id="cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ17072023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using the <a href="/wiki/Mengzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Mengzhou (spacecraft)">Mengzhou</a> crewed spacecraft and the <a href="/wiki/Lanyue" title="Lanyue">Lanyue</a> crewed lunar lander.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cndaily2024_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cndaily2024-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 September 2024, in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) unveiled the extravehicular lunar spacesuit and also solicited suggestions for a name for the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2035_and_thereafter:_International_Moon_base_and_application">2035 and thereafter: International Moon base and application</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2035 and thereafter: International Moon base and application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">Moonbase</a></div> <p>In 2021, China and Russia announced they will be building a Moon base together, also formally invited more countries and international organizations to join their <a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (ILRS) project being developed by the two nations,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an alternative to the American <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Program">Artemis Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China announced on April 24 the <a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station Cooperation Organization</a> (ILRSCO) with members including: China, Russia, South Africa, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Venezuela, Pakistan and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_missions">List of missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conducted_missions">Conducted missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conducted missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#FFB; color:black;"> </span> Planned hard landing</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#CCFFCC; color:black;"> </span> Planned soft landing</span> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2">Mission<br /> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 80px;" rowspan="2">Launch date </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2">Launch vehicle </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 80px;" rowspan="2">Orbital insertion date </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 80px;" rowspan="2">Landing date </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 80px;" rowspan="2">Return date </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 30%;" rowspan="2">Notes<br /> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;">Main<br />mission </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;">Extended<br />mission </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align: left;"><b>Phase 1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a> </th> <td>24 Oct 2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">Long March 3A</a> </td> <td>7 Nov 2007 </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">1 Mar 2009 </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar orbiter; first Chinese lunar mission. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #EEE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-noAttempt">- </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a> </th> <td>1 Oct 2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">Long March 3C</a> </td> <td>6 Oct 2010 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar orbiter; following lunar orbit mission flew extended mission to <a href="/wiki/4179_Toutatis" title="4179 Toutatis">4179 Toutatis</a>. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align: left;"><b>Phase 2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> </th> <td>1 Dec 2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a> </td> <td>6 Dec 2013 </td> <td style="background: #CFC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2">14 Dec 2013 </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar lander and rover; first Chinese lunar landing, landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Imbrium" title="Mare Imbrium">Mare Imbrium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yutu_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yutu 1">Yutu 1</a>. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> </th> <td>20 May 2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">Long March 4C</a> </td> <td>14 Jun 2018 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Relay satellite located at the Earth-Moon <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian points">L<sub>2</sub> point</a> in order to allow communications with Chang'e 4. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> </th> <td>7 Dec 2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a> </td> <td>12 Dec 2018 </td> <td style="background: #CFC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2">3 Jan 2019 </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar lander and rover; first soft landing on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">Far side of the Moon</a>, landed in <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(lunar_crater)" title="Von Kármán (lunar crater)">Von Karman crater</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i>. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="text-align: left;"><b>Phase 3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> </th> <td>23 Oct 2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">Long March 3C</a> </td> <td>10 Jan 2015 </td> <td>- </td> <td>31 Oct 2014 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Experimental test flight testing technologies ahead of first Lunar sample return; tested return capsule and lunar orbit autonomous rendezvous techniques and other maneuvers. </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> </th> <td>23 Nov 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a> </td> <td>28 Nov 2020 </td> <td style="background: #CFC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2">1 Dec 2020 </td> <td>16 Dec 2020 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar orbiter, lander, and sample return; which landed near <a href="/wiki/Mons_R%C3%BCmker" title="Mons Rümker">Mons Rümker</a> and returned 1731g of lunar soil to Earth. The service module made a visit to <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point" title="Lagrange point">Lagrange point</a> <a href="/wiki/L1_point" class="mw-redirect" title="L1 point">L1</a> and also performed a lunar flyby in extended mission.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align: left;"><b>Phase 4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao 2">Queqiao 2</a> </th> <td>20 Mar 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">Long March 8</a> </td> <td>24 Mar 2024 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar Relay satellite to support communications for the upcoming lunar missions, including Chang'e 6, 7 and 8.<sup id="cite_ref-lunar-schedule_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunar-schedule-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> </th> <td>3 May 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a> </td> <td>8 May 2024 </td> <td style="background: #CFC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2">1 Jun 2024<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25 Jun 2024 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar orbiter, lander, rover, and sample return; landed at the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole%E2%80%93Aitken_basin" title="South Pole–Aitken basin">South Pole–Aitken basin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-space-20210708_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space-20210708-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Ongoing </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upcoming_missions">Upcoming missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Upcoming missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="max-width:1200px;text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Mission </th> <th scope="col">Launch date </th> <th scope="col">Launch vehicle </th> <th scope="col">Mission type </th> <th scope="col" style="width:40%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: left;"><b>Phase 4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> </th> <td>2026 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a> </td> <td>Lunar surface survey </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Lunar orbiter, lander, rover, and mini-flying probe; expected to perform in-depth exploration of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a> to look for resources.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20221128_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20221128-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> </th> <td>2028 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a> </td> <td>Lunar surface survey </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Full mission details are currently unknown; will test <a href="/wiki/ISRU" class="mw-redirect" title="ISRU">ISRU</a> and 3D-printing technologies, ahead of future crewed exploration of the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20221128_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20221128-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1st crewed lunar mission </th> <td>2029-2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">Long March 10</a> </td> <td>Human landing on lunar surface </td> <td style="text-align: left;">2 launches using the <a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">Long March 10</a> to place two astronauts on the lunar surface via the <a href="/wiki/Mengzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Mengzhou (spacecraft)">Mengzhou</a> crewed lunar spacecraft and the <a href="/wiki/Lanyue" title="Lanyue">Lanyue crewed lunar lander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ17072023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_technologies">Key technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Key technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Special:EditPage/Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-range_TT&C"><span id="Long-range_TT.26C"></span>Long-range TT&C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Long-range TT&C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Deep_Space_Network" title="Chinese Deep Space Network">Chinese Deep Space Network</a></div> <p>The biggest challenge in Phase I of the program was the operation of the TT&C system, because its transmission capability needed sufficient range to communicate with the probes in lunar orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's standard satellite telemetry had a range of 80,000 kilometers (50,000 miles), but the distance between the Moon and the Earth can exceed 400,000 kilometers (250,000 miles) when the Moon is at <a href="/wiki/Apogee" class="mw-redirect" title="Apogee">apogee</a>. In addition, the Chang'e probes had to carry out many attitude maneuvers during their flights to the Moon and during operations in lunar orbit. The distance across China from east to west is 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles),<sup id="cite_ref-geography_statistics_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geography_statistics-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming another challenge to TT&C continuity. At present, the combination of the TT&C system and the Chinese astronomical observation network has met the needs of the Chang'e program,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but only by a small margin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_adaptability">Environmental adaptability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental adaptability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complexity of the <a href="/wiki/Space_environment" title="Space environment">space environment</a> encountered during the Chang'e missions imposed strict requirements for environmental adaptability and reliability of the probes and their instruments. The high-radiation environment in Earth-Moon space required <a href="/wiki/Radiation_hardening" title="Radiation hardening">hardened</a> electronics to prevent electromagnetic damage to spacecraft instruments. The extreme temperature range, from 130 degrees Celsius (266 degrees Fahrenheit) on the side of the spacecraft facing the Sun to −170 degrees Celsius (−274 degrees Fahrenheit) on the side facing away from the Sun, imposed strict requirements for temperature control in the design of the detectors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbit_design_and_flight_sequence_control">Orbit design and flight sequence control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Orbit design and flight sequence control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the conditions of the three-body system of the Earth, Moon and a <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probe</a>, the orbit design of lunar orbiters is more complicated than that of Earth-orbiting satellites, which only deal with a two-body system. The Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 probes were first sent into highly elliptical Earth orbits. After separating from their launch vehicles, they entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit through three accelerations in the phase-modulated orbit. These accelerations were conducted 16, 24, and 48 hours into the missions, during which several orbit adjustments and attitude maneuvers were carried out so as to ensure the probes' capture by lunar gravity. After operating in the Earth-Moon orbit for 4–5 days, each probe entered a lunar acquisition orbit. After entering their target orbits, conducting three braking maneuvers and experiencing three different orbit phases, Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 carried out their missions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitude_control">Attitude control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attitude control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lunar orbiters have to remain properly oriented with respect to the Earth, Moon and Sun. All onboard detectors must be kept facing the lunar surface in order to complete their scientific missions, communication antennas have to face the Earth in order to receive commands and transfer scientific data, and <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a> must be oriented toward the Sun in order to acquire power. During lunar orbit, the Earth, the Moon and the Sun also move, so <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> is a complex three-vector control process. The Chang'e satellites need to adjust their attitude very carefully to maintain an optimal angle towards all three bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hazard_avoidance">Hazard avoidance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hazard avoidance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the second phase of the program, in which the spacecraft were required to <a href="/wiki/Soft_landing_(rocketry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft landing (rocketry)">soft-land</a> on the lunar surface, it was necessary to devise a system of automatic hazard avoidance in order that the landers would not attempt to touch down on unsuitable terrain. Chang'e 3 utilized a <a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">computer vision</a> system in which the data from a down-facing camera, as well as 2 ranging devices, were processed using specialized software. The software controlled the final stages of descent, adjusting the attitude of the spacecraft and the throttle of its main engine. The spacecraft hovered first at 100 meters (330 feet), then at 30 meters (98 feet), as it searched for a suitable spot to set down. The <i>Yutu</i> rover is also equipped with front-facing stereo cameras and hazard avoidance technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_cooperation">International cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: International cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chang’e 1: The first Chinese lunar orbiter, launched in 2007. It carried a European Space Agency (ESA) instrument called D-CIXS, which measured the elemental composition of the lunar surface. It also received tracking and data relay support from ESA’s ground stations in Australia and Spain. </p><p>Chang’e 2: The second Chinese lunar orbiter, launched in 2010. It carried a laser altimeter provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), which mapped the lunar topography with high precision. It also used ESA’s deep space network for communication and navigation during its extended mission to the asteroid 4179 Toutatis. </p><p>Chang’e 3: The first Chinese lunar lander and rover, launched in 2013. It carried a lunar ultraviolet telescope (LUT) developed by the National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) and the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA), which performed the first astronomical observations from the lunar surface. It also received data relay support from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) for the landing of the Chang’e 3 probe. </p><p>Chang’e-4: The first mission to land and explore the far side of the Moon, with four international scientific payloads from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Saudi Arabia. It also received support from NASA’s LRO team, Russia’s radioisotope heat source, China’s deep space station in Argentina, and the European Space Agency’s tracking station. </p><p>Chang’e-5: The first mission to return lunar samples since 1976, with international cooperation in telemetry, tracking, and command from the European Space Agency, Argentina, Namibia, Pakistan, and other countries and organizations. It also carried a French magnetic field detector. Scientists from various countries, including Australia, Russia, France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, have participated in scientific research involving Chinese lunar samples. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_with_Russia">Cooperation with Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cooperation with Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2017, China and Russia signed an agreement on cooperative lunar and deep space exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-GB_Nov_2017_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB_Nov_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement includes six sectors, covering lunar and deep space, joint spacecraft development, space electronics, Earth <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> data, and space debris monitoring.<sup id="cite_ref-GB_Nov_2017_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB_Nov_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia may also look to develop closer ties with China in human spaceflight,<sup id="cite_ref-GB_Nov_2017_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB_Nov_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even shift its human spaceflight cooperation from the US to China and build a crewed lunar lander.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chang'e 4 lander on the Moon"><img alt="Chang'e 4 lander on the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/299px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/449px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/599px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png 2x" data-file-width="5324" data-file-height="3204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> lander on the Moon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangE-4,_Yutu-2_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yutu-2 rover on lunar surface"><img alt="Yutu-2 rover on lunar surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/285px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/427px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png/569px-ChangE-4%2C_Yutu-2_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i> rover on lunar surface</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lunar soil sample collected by China's Chang'e 5 mission, displayed at Airshow China 2021"><img alt="Lunar soil sample collected by China's Chang'e 5 mission, displayed at Airshow China 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png/240px-Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png/360px-Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png/480px-Chang%27e_5_Moon_Sample.png 2x" data-file-width="1272" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lunar soil sample collected by China's <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> mission, displayed at <a href="/wiki/Airshow_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Airshow China">Airshow China</a> 2021</div> </li> </ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first panorama from the far side of the Moon by Chang'e 4 lander, with the Yutu-2 rover"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg/1200px-The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg/1800px-The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg/2400px-The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_panorama_from_the_far_side_of_the_moon.jpg" title="File:The first panorama from the far side of the moon.jpg"> </a></div>The first panorama from the far side of the Moon by Chang'e 4 lander, with the <i>Yutu-2</i> rover</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_62z2fedbh13gkpqk96e8zfl544meisj"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" coords="801,208,887,228" title="Chang'e 8" alt="Chang'e 8" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" coords="732,188,818,208" title="Chang'e 7" alt="Chang'e 7" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" coords="675,168,761,188" title="Chang'e 6" alt="Chang'e 6" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Queqiao_2" coords="670,148,757,168" title="Queqiao 2" alt="Queqiao 2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" coords="556,128,642,148" title="Chang'e 5" alt="Chang'e 5" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" coords="489,108,575,128" title="Chang'e 4" alt="Chang'e 4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Queqiao_1" coords="470,88,556,108" title="Queqiao 1" alt="Queqiao 1" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5%2DT1" coords="347,68,450,88" title="Chang'e 5-T1" alt="Chang'e 5-T1" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" coords="316,48,402,68" title="Chang'e 3" alt="Chang'e 3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" coords="207,28,293,48" title="Chang'e 2" alt="Chang'e 2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" coords="106,8,192,28" title="Chang'e 1" alt="Chang'e 1" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_62z2fedbh13gkpqk96e8zfl544meisj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/62z2fedbh13gkpqk96e8zfl544meisj.png" /></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="The image above contains clickable links"><img alt="The image above contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/27px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/36px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span><figcaption>The image above contains clickable links</figcaption></figure>Timeline of the Chang'e missions.</div></div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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program">Chinese space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Exploration_of_China" title="Planetary Exploration of China">Planetary Exploration of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> - 2020 Mars mission</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AJ17072023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ17072023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Jones2023" class="citation news cs1">Andrew Jones (17 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/china-sets-out-preliminary-crewed-lunar-landing-plan/">"China sets out preliminary crewed lunar landing plan"</a>. <i>spacenews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=spacenews.com&rft.atitle=China+sets+out+preliminary+crewed+lunar+landing+plan&rft.date=2023-07-17&rft.au=Andrew+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fchina-sets-out-preliminary-crewed-lunar-landing-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027132543/http://www.yndaily.com/html/20060317/news_88_1052407.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"嫦娥奔月"地面主干工程基本完成云南天文台巨型射电追踪望远镜年底投入使用"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yndaily.com/html/20060317/news_88_1052407.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%E5%A5%94%E6%9C%88%22%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%BB%E5%B9%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90+%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%84%E7%94%B5%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%E6%8A%95%E5%85%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yndaily.com%2Fhtml%2F20060317%2Fnews_88_1052407.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024130057/http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/08/19/001388423.shtml">"巨型望远镜送"嫦娥"飞月-望远镜,嫦娥-北方网-科技无限"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/08/19/001388423.shtml">the original</a> on 24 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E9%80%81%22%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%22%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%88-%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%2C%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5-%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91-%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%97%A0%E9%99%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.enorth.com.cn%2Fsystem%2F2006%2F08%2F19%2F001388423.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-04-china-moon-station-years.html">"China to build moon station in 'about 10 years'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=China+to+build+moon+station+in+%27about+10+years%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-04-china-moon-station-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sohu.com/20071022/n252783811.shtml">"嫦娥工程总指挥兼总设计师叶培建"</a> [Chang'e Project Commander and Chief Designer Ye Peijian]. <i>Sohu</i>. 22 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sohu&rft.atitle=%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%80%BB%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E5%85%BC%E6%80%BB%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88%E5%8F%B6%E5%9F%B9%E5%BB%BA&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sohu.com%2F20071022%2Fn252783811.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jan_2019_press_conference-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jan_2019_press_conference_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7FiaHwv-BI">Chang'e 4 press conference</a>. CNSA, broadcast on 14 January 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011837/http://news3.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/07/content_6340313.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"嫦娥一号"发射时间确定但未到公布时机"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 7 July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news3.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/07/content_6340313.htm">the original</a> on 7 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsmth.net/bbscon.php?board=Aero&id=97395">the original</a> on 5 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsmth.net%2Fbbscon.php%3Fboard%3DAero%26id%3D97395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin_Ramzy2013" class="citation news cs1">Austin Ramzy (16 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/16/china-celebrates-lunar-probe-and-announces-return-plans/">"China Celebrates Lunar Probe and Announces Return Plans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Janet R. Aguilar, <i>Tunisie Soir</i>. 3 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a19159719/roscosmos-china-collaboration/">Russia's Space Agency Might Break Up With the U.S. To Get With China.</a> Anatoly Zak, <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. 7 March 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015034940/http://www.clep.org.cn/">CLEP official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moon.bao.ac.cn/index_en.jsp">Data Release and Information Service System of China's Lunar Exploration Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610022730/https://moon.bao.ac.cn/index_en.jsp">Archived</a> 10 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224215041/http://en.people.cn/90002/91752/index.html">"China's Lunar Exploration Program - English"</a>. <i>The People's Daily online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.people.cn/90002/91752/index.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+People%27s+Daily+online&rft.atitle=China%27s+Lunar+Exploration+Program+-+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.people.cn%2F90002%2F91752%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Lunar+Exploration+Program" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408085556/http://astronautix.com/craft/change.htm">Encyclopedia Astronautica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026112423/http://www.geog.umd.edu/ispmsrs2005/OuyangZiyuanAbs.htm">The Scientific Objectives of Chinese Lunar Exploration Project by Ouyang Ziyuan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070214111206/http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/tywx/">我国发射首颗探月卫星专题</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/25509/55912/105293/index.html">嫦娥探月专题</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126201626/http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/25509/55912/105293/index.html">Archived</a> 26 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSūn_Huīxiān_(孙辉先)Dài_Shùwǔ_(代树武)Yáng_Jiànfēng_(杨建峰)Wú_Jì_(吴季)2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sūn Huīxiān (孙辉先); Dài Shùwǔ (代树武); Yáng Jiànfēng (杨建峰); Wú Jì (吴季); Jiāng Jǐngshān (姜景山) (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ias.ac.in/jessci/dec2005/ilc-25.pdf">"Scientific objectives and payloads of Chang'E-1 lunar satellite"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Earth System Science</i>. <b>114</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">789–</span>794. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JESS..114..789H">2005JESS..114..789H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02715964">10.1007/BF02715964</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128428662">128428662</a>.</cite><span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CLEP" title="Template:CLEP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CLEP" title="Template talk:CLEP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CLEP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CLEP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program431" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">China National Space Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Chinese space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a> (Oct 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a> (Oct 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> (Dec 2013) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (Oct 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> (relay satellite, May 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (Dec 2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a> rover</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> (Nov 2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></i> (relay satellite, Mar 2024) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> (May 2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a></i> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">Long March 3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">Long March 3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">Long March 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang Satellite Launch Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site">Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingwei" title="Zhang Qingwei">Zhang Qingwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Ziyuan" title="Ouyang Ziyuan">Ouyang Ziyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xingrui" title="Ma Xingrui">Ma Xingrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Peijian" title="Ye Peijian">Ye Peijian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_space_program512" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CNSA_space_program" title="Template:CNSA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CNSA_space_program" title="Template talk:CNSA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CNSA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CNSA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_space_program512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Chinese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">China National Space Administration (CNSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation">China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Agency" title="China Manned Space Agency">China Manned Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps">People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Aerospace_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force">People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceports</a> and landing sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siziwang_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Siziwang Banner">Siziwang Banner</a> (landing site)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1" title="Long March 1">Long March 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2" title="Long March 2">Long March 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">Long March 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">Long March 3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">Long March 3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4" title="Long March 4">Long March 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4A" title="Long March 4A">Long March 4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4B" title="Long March 4B">Long March 4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">Long March 4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">Long March 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">Long March 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">Long March 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_9" title="Long March 9">Long March 9</a> (In development)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">Long March 10</a> (In development)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">Long March 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">Long March 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe_(rocket_family)" title="Kaituozhe (rocket family)">Kaituozhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Exploration programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuguang_(spacecraft)" title="Shuguang (spacecraft)">Shuguang</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Program" title="China Manned Space Program">CMS</a> (human spaceflight)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chang'e</a> (lunar exploration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_program" title="Tiangong program">Tiangong</a> (space station)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Exploration_of_China" title="Planetary Exploration of China">Tianwen</a> (interplanetary exploration)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Projects_and_missions80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Projects and missions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Planetary science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–09)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinghuo_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinghuo 1">Yinghuo 1</a>† <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu rover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2 rover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong rover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Astronomy and<br />cosmology</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" class="extiw" title="fr:Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSES" class="mw-redirect" title="CSES">CSES</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–07)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">Haiyang Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TanSat" title="TanSat">TanSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyuan_(satellite)" title="Ziyuan (satellite)">Ziyuan Series</a> (<a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Brazil_Earth_Resources_Satellite_program" title="China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program">CBERS</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–present)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solar_wind_Magnetosphere_Ionosphere_Link_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer">SMILE</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Program" title="China Manned Space Program">Human<br />spaceflight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Uncrewed expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_1" title="Shenzhou 1">Shenzhou 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_2" title="Shenzhou 2">Shenzhou 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_3" title="Shenzhou 3">Shenzhou 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_4" title="Shenzhou 4">Shenzhou 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_8" title="Shenzhou 8">Shenzhou 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Crewed expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_6" title="Shenzhou 6">Shenzhou 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_7" title="Shenzhou 7">Shenzhou 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_9" title="Shenzhou 9">Shenzhou 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_10" title="Shenzhou 10">Shenzhou 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_11" title="Shenzhou 11">Shenzhou 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_12" title="Shenzhou 12">Shenzhou 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_13" title="Shenzhou 13">Shenzhou 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_14" title="Shenzhou 14">Shenzhou 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_15" title="Shenzhou 15">Shenzhou 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_16" title="Shenzhou 16">Shenzhou 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_17" title="Shenzhou 17">Shenzhou 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_18" title="Shenzhou 18">Shenzhou 18</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_astronauts" title="List of Chinese astronauts">List of Chinese astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Space laboratories and cargos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_1" title="Tianzhou 1">Tianzhou 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_2" title="Tianzhou 2">Tianzhou 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_3" title="Tianzhou 3">Tianzhou 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_4" title="Tianzhou 4">Tianzhou 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_5" title="Tianzhou 5">Tianzhou 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_6" title="Tianzhou 6">Tianzhou 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Tiangong space station</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_core_module" title="Tianhe core module">Tianhe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentian_module" title="Wentian module">Wentian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengtian_module" title="Mengtian module">Mengtian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou Navigation Satellite System</a> (BDS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APT_Satellite_Holdings" title="APT Satellite Holdings">Apstar Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">Chinasat Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianlian I">Tianlian I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianlian II">Tianlian II</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianfan" title="Qianfan">Qianfan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Technology<br />demonstrators</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_reusable_experimental_spacecraft" title="Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft">Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW Program</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969–2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Experiments_at_Space_Scale" title="Quantum Experiments at Space Scale">QUESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Shijian 13">Shijian Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_pulsar-based_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray pulsar-based navigation">XPNAV 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanyue_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyue (spacecraft)">Lanyue Lunar Lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Future missions marked in <i>italics</i>. Failed missions marked with † sign</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_spacecraft268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Template:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_spacecraft268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese spacecraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanjing_(satellite)" title="Huanjing (satellite)">Huanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">HY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin-1" title="Jilin-1">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMMS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMMS (page does not exist)">SMMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TanSat" title="TanSat">TanSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Tansuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhui_1B" title="Tianhui 1B">Tianhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyuan_(satellite)" title="Ziyuan (satellite)">Ziyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Fang_Hong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Fang Hong">Dong Fang Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FH-1_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FH-1 (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">FH-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APT_Satellite_Holdings" title="APT Satellite Holdings">Apstar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APMT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APMT (page does not exist)">APMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat" title="AsiaSat">Asiasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">ChinaSat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChinaStar (page does not exist)">ChinaStar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HKSTG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HKSTG (page does not exist)">HKSTG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Geostationary_Satellite_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Geostationary Satellite Platform (page does not exist)">LGSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OlympicSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OlympicSat (page does not exist)">OlympicSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianfan" title="Qianfan">Qianfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Satellite_Communications" title="Sino Satellite Communications">Sinosat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantong_(Satellite)" title="Tiantong (Satellite)">Tiantong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsinghua-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsinghua-1 (page does not exist)">Tsinghua-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiwang_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiwang 1 (page does not exist)">Xiwang 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data relay satellite system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian" title="Tianlian">Tianlian Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite navigation system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">Beidou-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" class="extiw" title="fr:Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuafu_project" title="Kuafu project">Kuafu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang-2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">SST</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planetary exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsatellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengniao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengniao (page does not exist)">Fengniao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinyan_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinyan (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Xinyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future spacecraft in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lunar_rovers182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lunar_rovers" title="Template:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lunar_rovers" title="Template talk:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar_rovers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lunar_rovers182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Lunar rovers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i> (2019–present, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>TENACIOUS</i> (2025 on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme#Lunokhod_201" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod 0 (1A)</a><sup>†</sup> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a> (1970–1971, on <a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">Lunokhod 2</a> (1973, on <a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> (1971, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">LRV-2</a> (1972, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">LRV-3</a> (1972, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></i> (2013–2016, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6"><i>Yidong Xiangji</i></a> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2019, on <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">Pragyan</a></i> (2023, on <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2022–2023, on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CubeRover" title="CubeRover">Iris</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmena" title="Colmena">Colmena</a> × 5<sup>†</sup> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a><sup>†</sup> (2022–2023, on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>) (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRanger" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonRanger">MoonRanger</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid 2</a></i>) (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATHLETE" title="ATHLETE">ATHLETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTScientists" class="mw-redirect" title="PTScientists">Audi Lunar Quattro ×2 (PTScientists)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Systems" title="Deep Space Systems">Deep Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond#ECA_rover" title="OrbitBeyond">ECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Grunt rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">LUPEX rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Express" title="Moon Express">Moon Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Icebreaker_to_the_north_pole" title="Astrobotic Technology">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(rover)" title="Scarab (rover)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Space Exploration Vehicle">Space Exploration Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Space_Technologies" title="Puli Space Technologies">Team Puli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme#Lunokhod_3" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod 3</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tank_on_the_Moon" title="Tank on the Moon">Tank on the Moon</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">Rover (space exploration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_rovers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extraterrestrial rovers">List of extraterrestrial rovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD;"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">Korean Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">TENACIOUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">II</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">III</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">KLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_lunar_lander" title="Korean lunar lander">Korean lunar lander</a> (2032)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colonization_of_the_Moon197" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_colonization" title="Template:Moon colonization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_colonization" title="Template talk:Moon colonization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_colonization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon colonization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colonization_of_the_Moon197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Horizon" title="Project Horizon">Project Horizon</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunex_Project" title="Lunex Project">Lunex Project</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Apollo Lunar Base</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSC_Moon_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="JSC Moon Base">JSC Moon Base</a> (1980s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunox (page does not exist)">Lunox</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_outpost_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar outpost (NASA)">Lunar Outpost</a> (2000s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Program">Artemis Base Camp</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Base-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/130px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/195px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/260px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet and<br />Russian projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda moonbase</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KLE_Complex_Lunar_Expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KLE Complex Lunar Expedition (page does not exist)">KLE Complex Lunar Expedition</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L3M (page does not exist)">L3M</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Expeditionary_Complex" title="Lunar Expeditionary Complex">Lunar Expeditionary Complex</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_Lunar_Expedition" title="Energia Lunar Expedition">Energia Lunar Expedition</a> (1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Lunny Poligon</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese and<br />Russian project</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (late 2020s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Will_Conquer_Space_Soon!" title="Man Will Conquer Space Soon!">Man Will Conquer Space Soon!</a>" (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Project" title="Artemis Project">Artemis Project</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Lunar_Return_study" title="Human Lunar Return study">Human Lunar Return</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Lunar Base</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA Moon Base</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Roris" title="Sinus Roris">Sinus Roris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes_(crater)" title="Eratosthenes (crater)">Eratosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Medii" title="Sinus Medii">Sinus Medii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montes_Apenninus" title="Montes Apenninus">Montes Apenninus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(lunar_crater)" title="Kepler (lunar crater)">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shackleton_(crater)" title="Shackleton (crater)">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peary_(crater)" title="Peary (crater)">Peary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">Moonbase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism on the Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_outer_space613" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_outer_space" title="Template:Politics of outer space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_outer_space" title="Template talk:Politics of outer space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_outer_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of outer space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_outer_space613" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_outer_space" title="Politics of outer space">Politics of outer space</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight#Spacefaring_civilization:_nations_and_other_entities" title="Spaceflight">Spacefaring nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy" title="Space policy">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_traffic_management" title="Space traffic management">Space traffic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">Space debris management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Debris_Co-ordination_Working_Group" title="Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group">Space Debris Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee" title="Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee">Space Debris Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-detection_policy" title="Post-detection policy">Post-detection policy</a></li> <li>Asteroid impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceguard" title="Spaceguard">Spaceguard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceguard_Foundation" title="The Spaceguard Foundation">The Spaceguard Foundation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_races" title="List of space races">Space races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Cold War space race</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Space_Race" title="Timeline of the Space Race">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records" title="List of spaceflight records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_propaganda" title="Space propaganda">Space propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_competition" title="Space competition">Space competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Chinese<br />space program</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Bombs,_One_Satellite" title="Two Bombs, One Satellite">Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine</a> (1966–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuguang_(spacecraft)" title="Shuguang (spacecraft)">Shuguang program</a> (1966–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASAT_program_of_China" title="ASAT program of China">Chinese ASAT program</a> (1964–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Chinese_anti-satellite_missile_test" title="2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test">2007 test</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program#Project_921_(Shenzhou)" title="Chinese space program">Project 921</a> (1992–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhou program"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh" style="font-style: normal;">Shenzhou</span></span> program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_program" title="Tiangong program"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh" style="font-style: normal;">Tiangong</span></span> program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Space station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a> (2003–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program#Mission_to_Mars_and_beyond" title="Chinese space program">Mars and beyond</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Exploration_of_China" title="Planetary Exploration of China">Planetary Exploration of China</a> (2016–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARS-500" title="MARS-500">MARS-500 study</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">ESA Science Programme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation" title="European Launcher Development Organisation">European Launcher Development Organisation</a> (1960–1975) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa launcher programme</a> (1962–1973)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation" title="European Space Research Organisation">European Space Research Organisation</a> (1964–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (1975–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Cooperation_for_Space_Standardization" title="European Cooperation for Space Standardization">European Cooperation for Space Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">European Space Research and Technology Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Design_Facility" title="Concurrent Design Facility">Concurrent Design Facility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">European Astronaut Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESA Centre for Earth Observation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Living Planet Programme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_European_Coordinating_Facility" title="Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility">Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility</a> (1983–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">European Space Astronomy Centre</a> (2005–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Security_and_Education_Centre" title="European Space Security and Education Centre">European Space Security and Education Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">European Space Operations Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane launcher programme</a> (1973–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega launcher programme</a> (1998–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Space_Policy_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Space Policy Institute (page does not exist)">European Space Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">Future Launchers Preparatory Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle" title="Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle">Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe" title="Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe">PRIDE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Rider" title="Space Rider">Space Rider</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Television" title="ESA Television">ESA Television</a></li> <li>Mars and beyond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARS-500" title="MARS-500">MARS-500 study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (spacecraft)">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-<i>Newton</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">ISS programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Politics of the International Space Station">Politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a> (2015–2025)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnVision_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="EnVision (spacecraft)">EnVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">JUICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">EU Space Programme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union Satellite Centre</a> (1992–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">EU Satellite Centre</a> (2002–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space</a> <ul><li>European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)</li> <li>European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Agency_for_the_Space_Programme" title="European Union Agency for the Space Programme">EU Agency for the Space Programme</a> (2021–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_domain_awareness" title="Space domain awareness">EUSST programme</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_European_Regulators_for_Electronic_Communications" title="Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications">Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Aviation_Safety_Agency" title="European Union Aviation Safety Agency">European Union Aviation Safety Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_of_Civil_Aviation_Safety_Investigation_Authorities" title="European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities">European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">European Defence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_by_Satellite" title="Europe by Satellite">Europe by Satellite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other European<br /> initiatives and bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AeroSpace_and_Defence_Industries_Association_of_Europe" title="AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe">AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospace" title="Eurospace">Eurospace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocontrol" title="Eurocontrol">Eurocontrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_European_Aerospace_Societies" title="Council of European Aerospace Societies">Council of European Aerospace Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Aviation_Conference" title="European Civil Aviation Conference">European Civil Aviation Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">European Committee for Standardization</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Electrotechnical_Standardization" title="European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization">European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">European Telecommunications Standards Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Organisation_for_Civil_Aviation_Equipment" title="European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment">European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Organisation_for_the_Exploitation_of_Meteorological_Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites">European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Organisation" title="European Patent Organisation">European Patent Organisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Office" title="European Patent Office">European Patent Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="European Telecommunications Satellite Organization">European Telecommunications Satellite Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">European Southern Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian space policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Human_Spaceflight_Programme" title="Indian Human Spaceflight Programme">Indian Human Spaceflight Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Activities_Bill" title="Space Activities Bill">Space Activities Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_Mark_2" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Indian ASAT programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Shakti" title="Mission Shakti">Mission Shakti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_space_programme" title="British space programme">British<br />space programme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Committee_for_Space_Research" title="British National Committee for Space Research">Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_programme" title="Ariel programme">Start of the Ariel programme</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow launcher</a> (1964–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Space_Centre" title="British National Space Centre">Creation of the British National Space Centre</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Act_1986" title="Outer Space Act 1986">Outer Space Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Juno" title="Project Juno">Project Juno</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Innovation_and_Growth_Team" title="Space Innovation and Growth Team">Space Innovation and Growth Team</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Space_Agency" title="UK Space Agency">Creation of the UK Space Agency</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review_2015" title="Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015">Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Industry_Act_2018" title="Space Industry Act 2018">Space Industry Act 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Global_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System">UK Global Navigation Satellite System</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Review" title="Integrated Review">2021 Integrated Review</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_a_Competitive_Age" title="Defence in a Competitive Age">Defence in a Competitive Age</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">US space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Truman_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Truman<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germans_relocated_to_the_US_via_the_Operation_Paperclip" title="List of Germans relocated to the US via the Operation Paperclip">list of scientists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobee" title="Aerobee">Aerobee rocket program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation#History" title="RAND Corporation">RAND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station#History" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Establishment of Cape Canaveral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Eisenhower_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Eisenhower<br />space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Eisenhower_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">WS-117L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Vanguard" title="Project Vanguard">Project Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">1958 NASA Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Act_Agreement" title="Space Act Agreement">Space Act Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_Space_Soonest" title="Man in Space Soonest">Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Launch of Project Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_gap" title="Missile gap">Missile gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">Launch of X-15 program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Kennedy_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Kennedy<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Launch of the Mariner program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Launch of the Gemini project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Launch of the Apollo program</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Johnson_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Johnson<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">1967 Outer Space Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Nixon_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Nixon<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Moon landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra-Terrestrial_Exposure_Law" title="Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law">Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Launch of the Space Shuttle Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Ford_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Ford<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Launch of the Viking program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Carter_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Carter<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Reagan_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Reagan<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Advisory_Council_on_National_Space_Policy" title="Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy">Citizens' Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_Technology" title="Strategy of Technology">Strategy of Technology doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Station_Freedom" title="Space Station Freedom">Space Station Freedom proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Space_Launch_Act_of_1984" title="Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984">1984 Space Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASM-135_ASAT" title="ASM-135 ASAT">1985 anti-satellite missile test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride Report</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">George H. W. Bush<br />space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">1990 Augustine Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">National Space Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Clinton<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goldin#NASA_administrator" title="Daniel Goldin">Faster, better, cheaper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore%E2%80%93Chernomyrdin_Commission" title="Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission">Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–Mir program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">ISS programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Politics of the International Space Station">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Launch of the Mars Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Space_Act_of_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Space Act of 1998">1998 Space Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadal_Planning_Team" title="Decadal Planning Team">Decadal Planning Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">Launch of the X-37 program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">George W. Bush<br />space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">Aerospace Industry Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">2002 National missile defense directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Columbia</i> disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Systems_Architecture_Study" title="Exploration Systems Architecture Study">ESAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2005" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2005">2005 NASA Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Launch of the Constellation program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Burnt_Frost" title="Operation Burnt Frost">Operation Burnt Frost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Obama administration">Obama<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">2009 Augustine Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Obama_administration#Space_policy_speech_at_Kennedy_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Obama administration">Kennedy Space Center speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program#Obama_administration" title="Constellation program">Cancellation of the Constellation program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Launch of the Space Launch System program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Redesign of the Orion program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible path">Flexible path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2010" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2010">2010 NASA Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">Title 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">Space Shuttle retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Development of the Commercial Crew Program">Development of the Commercial Crew Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2014" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2014">2014 NASA Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Space_Launch_Competitiveness_Act_of_2015" title="Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015">2015 Space Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Trump<br /> space policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">Re-establishment of the National Space Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Creation of the Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Launch of the Artemis program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Launch of the Lunar Gateway project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13959" title="Executive Order 13959">Executive Order 13959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_exclusion_policy_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="China exclusion policy of NASA">China exclusion policy of NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Traffic_in_Arms_Regulations" title="International Traffic in Arms Regulations">International Traffic in Arms Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget of NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">House Committee on Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">NESDIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Space_Commerce" title="Office of Space Commerce">Office of Space Commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">FAA/AST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">NRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Aerospace_and_Electronic_Systems_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society">Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Antennas_%26_Propagation_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society">Antennas & Propagation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Broadcast_Technology_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Broadcast Technology Society">Broadcast Technology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Geoscience_and_Remote_Sensing_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society">Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Vehicular_Technology_Society" title="IEEE Vehicular Technology Society">Vehicular Technology Society</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USSR and Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet<br /> space<br /> program</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stalin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Operation Osoaviakhim</a> (1946) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germans_transported_to_the_USSR_via_the_Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="List of Germans transported to the USSR via the Operation Osoaviakhim">list of scientists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Khrushchev</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik program">Sputnik program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a> (1957)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok program</a> (1960–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System" title="Fractional Orbital Bombardment System">Fractional Orbital Bombardment System</a> (1960–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a> (1961–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod program</a> (1964–1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Brezhnev</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz program</a> (1967–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interkosmos" title="Interkosmos">Interkosmos</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut program</a> (1971–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran program</a> (1974–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Gorbachev</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> (1986–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Yeltsin20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Yeltsin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gore%E2%80%93Chernomyrdin_Commission" title="Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission">Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> (1993–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–Mir program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">ISS programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Politics of the International Space Station">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Medvedev</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medvedev_modernisation_programme" title="Medvedev modernisation programme">Medvedev modernisation programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia#2010_military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine of Russia">2010 Military doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Putin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation" title="United Rocket and Space Corporation">United Rocket and Space Corporation</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia#2014_military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine of Russia">2014 Military doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">2015 Creation of Roscosmos</a></li> <li>Mars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARS-500" title="MARS-500">MARS-500 study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Program" title="National Space Program">Australian space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_space_program" title="Brazilian space program">Brazilian space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Space_Agency" title="United Arab Emirates Space Agency">Emirati space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_space_program" title="Kazakh space program">Kazakh space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_programme_of_Kenya" title="Space programme of Kenya">Kenyan space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_space_program" title="Lebanese space program">Lebanese space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_space_program" title="North Korean space program">North Korean space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_%26_Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission">Pakistani space program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_programme_2040" class="mw-redirect" title="Space programme 2040">Space programme 2040</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_space_program" title="Philippine space program">Philippine space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_space_program" title="South Korean space program">South Korean space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_space_initiatives" title="Ugandan space initiatives">Ugandan space initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Politics of the International Space Station">Politics of the International Space Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UN-SPIDER" title="UN-SPIDER">UN-SPIDER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Generation_Advisory_Council" title="Space Generation Advisory Council">Space Generation Advisory Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_the_Peaceful_Uses_of_Outer_Space" title="United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space">Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Fourth_Committee" title="United Nations General Assembly Fourth Committee">General Assembly Fourth Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other intergovernmental<br /> or inter-agency bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Committee_for_Space_Data_Systems" title="Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems">Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Earth_Observation_Satellites" title="Committee on Earth Observation Satellites">Committee on Earth Observation Satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">Committee on Space Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Planetary_Data_Alliance" title="International Planetary Data Alliance">International Planetary Data Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cospas-Sarsat_Programme" title="International Cospas-Sarsat Programme">International Cospas-Sarsat Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_on_Earth_Observations" title="Group on Earth Observations">Group on Earth Observations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Standards_Collaboration" title="Global Standards Collaboration">Global Standards Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee" title="Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee">Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Charter_%27Space_and_Major_Disasters%27" title="International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'">International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Satellite_Organization" title="International Mobile Satellite Organization">International Mobile Satellite Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Space_Exploration_Coordination_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Space Exploration Coordination Group (page does not exist)">International Space Exploration Coordination Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_Multilateral_Coordination_Board" title="International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board">International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="International Telecommunications Satellite Organization">International Telecommunications Satellite Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersputnik" title="Intersputnik">Intersputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Debris_Co-ordination_Working_Group" title="Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group">Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_African_Satellite_Communication_Organization" title="Regional African Satellite Communication Organization">Regional African Satellite Communication Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Satellite_Communications_Organization" title="Arab Satellite Communications Organization">Arab Satellite Communications Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Space_Cooperation_Organization" title="Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization">Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_law" title="Space law">Space law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partial_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial Test Ban Treaty">Partial Test Ban Treaty</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_Agreement" title="Rescue Agreement">Rescue Agreement</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Liability_Convention" title="Space Liability Convention">Space Liability Convention</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Concerning_Cooperation_in_the_Exploration_and_Use_of_Outer_Space_for_Peaceful_Purposes" title="Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes">US-USSR Cooperation Agreement</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Distribution_of_Programme-Carrying_Signals_Transmitted_by_Satellite" title="Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite">Satellite Convention</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_Convention" title="Registration Convention">Registration Convention</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogota_Declaration" title="Bogota Declaration">Bogota Declaration</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Treaty" title="Moon Treaty">Moon Treaty</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_an_Arms_Race_in_Outer_Space" title="Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space">Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cospas-Sarsat_Programme" title="International Cospas-Sarsat Programme">International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_Intergovernmental_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement">International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Docking_System_Standard" title="International Docking System Standard">International Docking System Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Charter_%27Space_and_Major_Disasters%27" title="International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'">International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Treaty#Space_Assets" title="Cape Town Treaty">Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Accords" title="Artemis Accords">Artemis Accords</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_jurisdiction" title="Space jurisdiction">Space jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_heritage_of_mankind" class="mw-redirect" title="Common heritage of mankind">Common heritage of mankind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_naming_conventions" title="Astronomical naming conventions">Astronomical naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_Radio_Regulations" title="ITU Radio Regulations">ITU Radio Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Committee_for_Space_Data_Systems" title="Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems">CCSDS standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Debris_Co-ordination_Working_Group" title="Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group">ODCWG standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Earth_Observation_Satellites" title="Committee on Earth Observation Satellites">CEOS standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">COSPAR standards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">International Designator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Planetary_Data_Alliance" title="International Planetary Data Alliance">IPDA standards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Standards_Collaboration" title="Global Standards Collaboration">GSC standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_on_Earth_Observations" title="Group on Earth Observations">GEO standards</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Space_Exploration_Coordination_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Space Exploration Coordination Group (page does not exist)">ISECG standards</a></li> <li>Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space" title="Commercial use of space">Commercial use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">Space industry</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Spaceflight_Federation" title="Commercial Spaceflight Federation">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_launch_market_competition" title="Space launch market competition">Launch market competition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_advertising" title="Space advertising">Space advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_technology" title="Space technology">Space technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_economy" title="Space-based economy">Space-based economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_trade" title="Space trade">Space trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_manufacturing" title="Space manufacturing">Space manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Asteroid mining</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" title="Militarisation of space">Militarisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_forces,_units,_and_formations" title="List of space forces, units, and formations">Space forces,<br /> units and formations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space forces</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazil</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">AJA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force">IRGC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Air Self Defense Force">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/15px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" title="Korean People's Army Air Force">North Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_and_Space_Force" title="Spanish Air and Space Force">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkey</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="History of the United States Space Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Structure of the United States Space Force">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_space_forces" title="Ranks and insignia of space forces">Ranks and insignia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_command" title="Space command">Space commands</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Space_Command" title="French Space Command">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Operations_Command_(Italy)" title="Space Operations Command (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO"><img alt="NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/15px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/23px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/30px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">NATO</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg/15px-North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg/23px-North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg/30px-North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="317" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">NORAD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Space_Command" title="United Kingdom Space Command">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_domain_awareness" title="Space domain awareness">Space domain awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weapon" title="Space weapon">Space weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon" title="Anti-satellite weapon">Anti-satellite weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASAT_program_of_China" title="ASAT program of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_Mark_2" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-235_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-235 anti-ballistic missile system">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-161_Standard_Missile_3" title="RIM-161 Standard Missile 3">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_vehicle" title="Kill vehicle">Kill vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_satellite" title="Military satellite">Military satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">Spaceplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite#Jamming" title="Satellite">Satellite jamming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_advocacy" title="Space advocacy">Space advocacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Space_Development" title="Alliance for Space Development">Alliance for Space Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Society" title="National Space Society">National Space Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Frontier_Foundation" title="Space Frontier Foundation">Space Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Society" title="Moon Society">Moon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_the_Exploration_and_Development_of_Space" title="Students for the Exploration and Development of Space">Students for the Exploration and Development of Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Institute_for_Modern_Technologies" title="Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies">Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Interplanetary_Society" title="British Interplanetary Society">British Interplanetary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Deep_Space_Exploration" title="Coalition for Deep Space Exploration">Coalition for Deep Space Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">International Academy of Astronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronautical_Federation" title="International Astronautical Federation">International Astronautical Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Explorers_Society" title="Lunar Explorers Society">Lunar Explorers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Alliance" title="Space Exploration Alliance">Space Exploration Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Fellowship" title="Space Fellowship">Space Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Force_Association" title="Space Force Association">Space Force Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Foundation" title="Space Foundation">Space Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Planetary_Society" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public-sector_space_agencies312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public-sector_space_agencies" title="Template:Public-sector space agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public-sector_space_agencies" title="Template talk:Public-sector space agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public-sector_space_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public-sector space agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public-sector_space_agencies312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies" title="List of government space agencies">Public-sector space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-African<br />and pan-Arab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_African_Satellite_Communication_Organization" title="Regional African Satellite Communication Organization">RASCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Satellite_Communications_Organization" title="Arab Satellite Communications Organization">Arabsat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Space_Agency" title="Algerian Space Agency">ASAL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Space_Agency" title="Egyptian Space Agency">EgSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Authority_for_Remote_Sensing_and_Space_Sciences" title="National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences">NARSS</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Space_Science_and_Technology_Institute" title="Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute">ESSTI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Space_Science_and_Technology_Centre" title="Ghana Space Science and Technology Centre">GSSTC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Space_Agency" title="Kenya Space Agency">KSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Research_and_Development_Agency" title="National Space Research and Development Agency">NASRDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Space_Agency" title="South African National Space Agency">SANSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">NESDIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Space_Commerce" title="Office of Space Commerce">OSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">FAA/AST</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">USSF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">USSPACECOM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">NRO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America<br />and the Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/15px-CELAC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/23px-CELAC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/30px-CELAC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="218" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Space_Agency" title="Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency">ALCE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Espacial_Mexicana" title="Agencia Espacial Mexicana">AEM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Activities_Commission" title="National Space Activities Commission">CONAE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Space_Agency" title="Bolivian Space Agency">ABE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology" title="Department of Aerospace Science and Technology">DCTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_Aeron%C3%A1utica" title="Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica">ITA</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Space_Commission" title="Colombian Space Commission">CCE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/15px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Agency_for_Space_Activities" title="Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities">ABAE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Institute_for_Scientific_Research" title="Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research">IVIC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Space_Cooperation_Organization" title="Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization">APSCO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KazCosmos" title="KazCosmos">KazCosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Research_Institute" title="Russian Space Research Institute">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">VK</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan_National_Space_Agency" title="Turkmenistan National Space Agency">TNSA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defense" title="State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense">SASTIND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation">CASC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology" title="China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology">CALT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology" title="China Academy of Space Technology">CAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chang_Feng" title="China Chang Feng">CCF</a></li> <li>CGWIC</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Aerospace_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force">PLAASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Industry_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation">CASIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Technology_Administration" title="National Aerospace Technology Administration">NATA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korea_AeroSpace_Administration" title="Korea AeroSpace Administration">KASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">KARI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Astronomy_and_Space_Science_Institute" title="Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute">KASI</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KAIST_Satellite_Technology_Research_Center" title="KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center">SaTReC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Space_Agency" title="Taiwan Space Agency">TASA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Research_and_Remote_Sensing_Organization" title="Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization">SPARRSO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antrix_Corporation" title="Antrix Corporation">Antrix Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">DoS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Remote_Sensing_Centre" title="National Remote Sensing Centre">NRSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">DSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/SUPARCO" title="SUPARCO">SUPARCO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency" title="National Research and Innovation Agency">BRIN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_Organization_for_Aeronautics_and_Space" title="Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space">ORPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Space_Agency" title="Indonesian Space Agency">INASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Space_Agency" title="Malaysian Space Agency">MYSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Space_Agency" title="Philippine Space Agency">PhilSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/15px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Space_and_Technology_Ltd" title="Singapore Space and Technology Ltd">SSTL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Geo-Informatics_and_Space_Technology_Development_Agency" title="Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency">GISTDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology">VNSC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ArmCosmos" title="ArmCosmos">ArmCosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Aerospace_Agency" title="Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency">MAKA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Agency" title="National Space Science Agency">NSSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force">NEHSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Agency" title="Iranian Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Research_Center" title="Iranian Space Research Center">ISRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency" title="Israel Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_Space_Research" title="National Committee for Space Research">NCSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Space_Agency" title="Saudi Space Agency">SSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">KACST-SRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Space_Agency" title="Syrian Space Agency">SSA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Remote_Sensing" title="General Organization of Remote Sensing">GORS</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Space_Agency" title="Turkish Space Agency">TUA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%9CB%C4%B0TAK_Space_Technologies_Research_Institute" title="TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute">TÜBİTAK UZAY</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Space_Agency" title="United Arab Emirates Space Agency">UAESA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Space_Centre" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre">MBRSC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">CEN</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Electrotechnical_Standardization" title="European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization">CENELEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">CEPT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute" title="European Telecommunications Standards Institute">ETSI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocontrol" title="Eurocontrol">Eurocontrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Aviation_Conference" title="European Civil Aviation Conference">ECAC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/23px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/35px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/46px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Cooperation_for_Space_Standardization" title="European Cooperation for Space Standardization">ECSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">ESTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">EAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESRIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">ECSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">ESAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">ESOC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Organisation_for_the_Exploitation_of_Meteorological_Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites">EUMETSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="European Telecommunications Satellite Organization">EUTELSAT IGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">ESO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">DG DEFIS</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Agency_for_the_Space_Programme" title="European Union Agency for the Space Programme">EUSPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">EU SatCen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Aviation_Safety_Agency" title="European Union Aviation Safety Agency">EASA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Body_of_European_Regulators_for_Electronic_Communications" title="Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications">BEREC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Space_Agency" title="Austrian Space Agency">ALR</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Planning_Service_Science_Policy" title="Federal Public Planning Service Science Policy">BELSPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Institute_for_Space_Aeronomy" title="Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy">BIRA-IASB</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Research_and_Technology_Institute" title="Space Research and Technology Institute">SRTI</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Space_Office" title="Czech Space Office">CSO</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/DTU_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="DTU Space">DTU Space</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Space_Office" title="Estonian Space Office">ESO</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">AAE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Space_Command" title="French Space Command">CdE</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">DLR</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Space_Agency" title="Hellenic Space Agency">HSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Space_Office" title="Hungarian Space Office">HSO</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Space_Agency" title="Luxembourg Space Agency">LSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Space_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Space Office (page does not exist)">LSO</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="Netherlands Institute for Space Research">SRON</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Space_Office" title="Netherlands Space Office">NSO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Space_Agency" title="Norwegian Space Agency">NOSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Space_Agency" title="Polish Space Agency">POLSA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Research_Centre_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences">CBK PAN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urz%C4%85d_Komunikacji_Elektronicznej&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej (page does not exist)">UKE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Council" title="National Broadcasting Council">KRRiT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_IMINT_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish IMINT Centre (page does not exist)">ORO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Authority_(Poland)" title="Civil Aviation Authority (Poland)">ULC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Space" title="Portugal Space">PTSPACE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Space_Agency" title="Romanian Space Agency">ROSA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Aerospace_Technology" title="National Institute for Aerospace Technology">INTA</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Space_Agency" title="Catalan Space Agency">AEC</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_and_Space_Force" title="Spanish Air and Space Force">EAE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Espacial_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Agencia Espacial Española">AEE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_National_Space_Agency" title="Swedish National Space Agency">SNSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ArmCosmos" title="ArmCosmos">ArmCosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Aerospace_Agency" title="Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency">MAKA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarus_Space_Agency" title="Belarus Space Agency">BSA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KazCosmos" title="KazCosmos">KazCosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Research_Institute" title="Russian Space Research Institute">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">VVKO</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Space_Office" title="Swiss Space Office">SSO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Space_Agency" title="Turkish Space Agency">TUA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%9CB%C4%B0TAK_Space_Technologies_Research_Institute" title="TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute">TÜBİTAK UZAY</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">SSAU</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/UK_Space_Agency" title="UK Space Agency">UKSA</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Space_Agency" title="Australian Space Agency">ASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">CSIRO</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/15px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Space_Agency" title="New Zealand Space Agency">NZSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Committee_for_Space_Data_Systems" title="Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems">CCSDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Earth_Observation_Satellites" title="Committee on Earth Observation Satellites">CEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">COSPAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Planetary_Data_Alliance" title="International Planetary Data Alliance">IPDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cospas-Sarsat_Programme" title="International Cospas-Sarsat Programme">Cospas-Sarsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_on_Earth_Observations" title="Group on Earth Observations">GEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Standards_Collaboration" title="Global Standards Collaboration">GSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee" title="Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee">IADC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Charter_%27Space_and_Major_Disasters%27" title="International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'">ICSMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Satellite_Organization" title="International Mobile Satellite Organization">IMSO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Space_Exploration_Coordination_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Space Exploration Coordination Group (page does not exist)">ISECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_Multilateral_Coordination_Board" title="International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board">ISS MCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="International Telecommunications Satellite Organization">ITSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersputnik" title="Intersputnik">Intersputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Debris_Co-ordination_Working_Group" title="Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group">ODCWG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_the_Peaceful_Uses_of_Outer_Space" title="United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space">UNCOPUOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">UNOOSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_National_Space_Centre" title="British National Space Centre">BNSC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korean_Committee_of_Space_Technology" title="Korean Committee of Space Technology">KCST</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Space" title="National Institute of Aeronautics and Space">LAPAN</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">SSP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interkosmos" title="Interkosmos">Interkosmos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_orbital_launches_by_country" title="Timeline of first orbital launches by country">Timeline of first orbital launches by country</a></li> <li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Preceded by <a href="/wiki/Interkosmos" title="Interkosmos">Interkosmos</a> participation</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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