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Historia Regum - Wikipedia
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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical compilation attributed to Symeon of Durham</div> <p> The <i><b>Historia Regum</b></i> ("History of the Kings") is a historical compilation attributed to <a href="/wiki/Symeon_of_Durham" title="Symeon of Durham">Symeon of Durham</a>, which presents material going from the death of <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> until 1129. It survives only in one manuscript compiled in Yorkshire in the mid-to-late 12th century, though the material is earlier. It is an often-used source for medieval English and Northumbrian history. The first five sections are now attributed to <a href="/wiki/Byrhtferth_of_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrhtferth of Ramsey">Byrhtferth of Ramsey</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a "historical compilation" or a "historical collection" rather than a <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a> or anything else.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antonia Gransden and David Rollason list its sources as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="table"> <tbody><tr> <td width="2%"> </td> <td width="10%"><b>folios</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td width="10%"><b>pages</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td width="78%"><b>Description</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td>51v–54v </td> <td>3–13 </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Kentish_Royal_Legend" title="Kentish Royal Legend">Kentish Royal Legend</a>, i.e. 7th- and 8th- century Kentish legends, including that of the martyr princes Æthelberht and Æthelred. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td>54v–55r </td> <td>13–15 </td> <td>An early list of Northumbrian rulers, from <a href="/wiki/Ida_of_Bernicia" title="Ida of Bernicia">Ida of Bernicia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_of_Northumbria" title="Ceolwulf of Northumbria">Ceolwulf of Northumbria</a> (d. 737), stylistically embellished and supplemented by two citations from <a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td>55r–58v </td> <td>15–30 </td> <td>Material from <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, including <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a></i> and especially <i>Historia abbatum</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td>58v–68v </td> <td>28/30–68 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Annals" title="Northern Annals">Lost Northumbrian annals</a> covering 732–802. </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td>68v–75r </td> <td>69–91 </td> <td>Annals covering 849–887, derived mainly from <a href="/wiki/Asser" title="Asser">Asser</a>'s <i>Life of King Alfred.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td>75r–76r </td> <td>91–95 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_957" title="Chronicle of 957">A series of annals written after 1042 covering 888–957</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td>76r–76v </td> <td>95–98 </td> <td>Extracts taken from <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>'s <i>Gesta Regum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td>76v–123v </td> <td>98–258 </td> <td>Material from the <i>Chronicle</i> of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Worcester" title="John of Worcester">John of Worcester</a>. supplemented by a now lost "Northern" <a href="/wiki/Recension" title="Recension">recension</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> related to the extant D-recension, by the <i><a href="/wiki/Libellus_de_Exordio" class="mw-redirect" title="Libellus de Exordio">Libellus de Exordio</a></i>, by the <i>Historia Novorum</i> of <a href="/wiki/Eadmer" title="Eadmer">Eadmer</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Dudo_of_St_Quentin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudo of St Quentin">Dudo of St Quentin</a> and by <a href="/wiki/William_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="William of Jumièges">William of Jumièges</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td>123v–129v </td> <td>258–283 </td> <td>A chronicle covering the period 1119–1129. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Much of the compiled material up until 887, i.e. the first five sections, was itself probably derived from an earlier compilation by <a href="/wiki/Byrhtferth_of_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrhtferth of Ramsey">Byrhtferth of Ramsey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and probably some of it was compiled before the end of the 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The material covering 1119–1129 does appear to be original, and this part may have been authored by Symeon.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manuscripts_and_authorship">Manuscripts and authorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Manuscripts and authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full text survives in one manuscript, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Corpus_Christi_College,_MS_139" title="Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 139">Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 139</a>, at folios 51v–129v, written down in the late 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-GransdenHistorical_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GransdenHistorical-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An abbreviated copy is also found in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>, MS nouv. acq. lat. 692.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the Cambridge manuscript names Symeon as the author in an <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Explicit_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Explicit (publishing)">explicit</a>, Symeon's authorship of the work is often doubted by modern historians.<sup id="cite_ref-GransdenHistorical_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GransdenHistorical-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides not being an original historical work, reasons of internal evidence make it highly unlikely that the <i>Historia Regum</i> was written by the same author as the <i><a href="/wiki/Libellus_de_exordio" title="Libellus de exordio">Libellus de exordio</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is generally accepted to have been authored by Symeon.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gransden, <i>Historical Writing</i>, p. 150; Rollason (ed.), <i>Libellus</i>, p. xlviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gransden, <i>Historical Writing</i>, p. 149; Rollason (ed.), <i>Libellus de Exordio</i>, pp. xlviii–l.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Folio numbers in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page numbers in Arnold's edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollason (ed.), <i>Libellus</i>, p. xlix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter Blair, "Some Observations", pp. 117–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gransden, <i>Historical Writing</i>, p. 150–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GransdenHistorical-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GransdenHistorical_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GransdenHistorical_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gransden, <i>Historical Writing</i>, p. Rollason (ed.), <i>Libellus</i>, pp. xlviii–xlix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter Blair, "Some Observations", p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gransden, <i>Historical Writing</i>, p. 149 n. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollason (ed.), <i>Libellus de Exordio</i>, pp. xlviii–xliv.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHinde1868" class="citation cs2">Hinde, John Hodgson, ed. (1868), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YE0JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1"><i>Symeonis Dunelmensis Opera et Collectanea</i></a>, Publications of the Surtees Society; volume 51, Durham: Surtees Society/ Andrews and Co</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symeonis+Dunelmensis+Opera+et+Collectanea&rft.place=Durham&rft.series=Publications+of+the+Surtees+Society%3B+volume+51&rft.pub=Surtees+Society%2F+Andrews+and+Co&rft.date=1868&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYE0JAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stevenson, Joseph (tr.). <i>Church Historians of England</i>. 8 vols: vol. 3 (part 2: <i>The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham</i>). London, 1853. 425-617. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VSADAAAAQAAJ&dq=Siege%20of%20Durham%20by%20Simeon%20of%20Durham&pg=PA425">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Arnold, Thomas (ed.). <i>Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia</i>. 2 vols: vol 2. London, 1885. 1-283.</li> <li>Hart, Cyril R. (ed. and tr.). <i>Byrhtferth’s Northumbrian Chronicle: An Edition and Translation of the Old English and Latin Annals</i>. The Early Chronicles of England 2. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>, 2006. Edition and translation of the first five sections.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter_Blair1963" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hunter_Blair" title="Peter Hunter Blair">Hunter Blair, Peter</a> (1963), "Some Observations on the "Historia Regum" attributed to Symeon of Durham", in Chadwick, Nora K. (ed.), <i>Celt and Saxon: Studies in the Early British Border</i>, Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, pp. 63–118, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-04602-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-04602-5"><bdi>0-521-04602-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+%22Historia+Regum%22+attributed+to+Symeon+of+Durham&rft.btitle=Celt+and+Saxon%3A+Studies+in+the+Early+British+Border&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=63-118&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-521-04602-5&rft.aulast=Hunter+Blair&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGransden1997" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Gransden" title="Antonia Gransden">Gransden, Antonia</a> (1997), <i>Historical Writing in England</i>, vol. 1, c. 550–c.1307, London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15124-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15124-4"><bdi>0-415-15124-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Writing+in+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-15124-4&rft.aulast=Gransden&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRollason2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Rollason" title="David Rollason">Rollason, David</a>, ed. (2000), <i>Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est Dunhelmensis, ecclesie = Tract on the origins and progress of this the Church of Durham / Symeon of Durham</i>, Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820207-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820207-5"><bdi>0-19-820207-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libellus+de+exordio+atque+procursu+istius%2C+hoc+est+Dunhelmensis%2C+ecclesie+%3D+Tract+on+the+origins+and+progress+of+this+the+Church+of+Durham+%2F+Symeon+of+Durham&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+Medieval+Texts&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-820207-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Regum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidge1982" class="citation cs2">Lapidge, Michael (1982), "Byrhtferth of Ramsey and the Early Sections of the <i>Historia Regum</i> attributed to Symeon of Durham", <i>Anglo-Saxon England</i>, <b>10</b>: 97–122, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0263675100003227">10.1017/s0263675100003227</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.atitle=Byrhtferth+of+Ramsey+and+the+Early+Sections+of+the+Historia+Regum+attributed+to+Symeon+of+Durham&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=97-122&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0263675100003227&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted in <i>Studies in Medieval History presented to R. H. C. Davis</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mayr-Harting" title="Henry Mayr-Harting">Henry Mayr-Harting</a> and R. I. Moore. London: Hambledon Press, 1985. 317 ff.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory2003" class="citation cs2">Story, Joanna (2003), "Chapter 4: Chronicled Connections: Frankish Annals and the <i>Historia regum</i>", <i>Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750-870</i>, Studies in early medieval Britain 2, Aldershot: Ashgate</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Chronicled+Connections%3A+Frankish+Annals+and+the+Historia+regum&rft.btitle=Carolingian+Connections%3A+Anglo-Saxon+England+and+Carolingian+Francia%2C+c.+750-870&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.series=Studies+in+early+medieval+Britain+2&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoria+Regum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐bndbt Cached time: 20241123083457 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.162 seconds Real time usage: 0.214 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 594/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11349/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 638/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18457/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.095/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4201526/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 189.664 1 -total 50.02% 94.863 6 Template:Citation 35.57% 67.468 1 Template:Short_description 19.12% 36.267 2 Template:Pagetype 8.40% 15.934 1 Template:Reflist 8.11% 15.386 3 Template:Main_other 6.91% 13.108 1 Template:SDcat 2.52% 4.777 1 Template:Italic_title 1.17% 2.222 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:20499083:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241123083457 and revision id 1245777282. 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