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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catholic Church in Indonesia</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catholic+Church+in+Indonesia" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Catholic Church in Indonesia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Gereja Katolik di Indonesia</i>) is part of the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, under the spiritual leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Catholicism is one of the six approved <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, the others being <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Indonesia" title="Protestantism in Indonesia">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism in Indonesia">Confucianism</a>. According to official figures, Catholics made up 3.12 percent of the population in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-RELIGION_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RELIGION-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Catholics is, therefore, more than 8.3 million. Indonesia is primarily Muslim, but Catholicism is the dominant faith in certain areas of the country. </p><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105"></a></span><br>Catholic Church in Indonesia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname"><b><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Gereja Katolik di Indonesia</i></span></i></span></b></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg/200px-Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg/300px-Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg/400px-Natal_Katedral_Jakarta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Cathedral" title="Jakarta Cathedral">Jakarta Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="National polity">National polity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Indonesia" title="Bishops' Conference of Indonesia">Bishops' Conference of Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Indonesia#Organization_Structure" title="Bishops' Conference of Indonesia">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Subianto_Bunjamin" title="Antonius Subianto Bunjamin">Antonius Subianto Bunjamin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Indonesia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Indonesia">Apostolic Nuncio</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Piero_Pioppo" title="Piero Pioppo">Piero Pioppo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">1534<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Moluccas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kawali.org/">Official KWI webpage</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg/350px-Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg/525px-Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg/700px-Catholic_Indonesia_Percentage_Sensus2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="234"></a><figcaption>Catholics in each <a href="/wiki/Regencies_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regencies of Indonesia">regency of Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Church is organised into one military ordinariate, 10 archdioceses and 28 dioceses, all of which are members of the Indonesian Catholic Bishops Conference (KWI)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led now by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Antonius_Subianto_Bunjamin" title="Antonius Subianto Bunjamin">Antonius Subianto Bunjamin</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bandung" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bandung">Diocese of Bandung</a>. There are several <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">religious institutes</a> active in the country including the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Heart">Missionaries of the Sacred Heart</a> (MSC) and the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Word Missionaries">Divine Word Missionaries</a>. </p><p>Catholicism in Indonesia began with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> in search of the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Spice Islands</a> in the 16th century. Currently, <a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">province in Indonesia</a> are the only places where Catholicism is the dominant faith of the population, with around 55% and 50% of its population respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also significant Catholic populations in <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, especially in and around <a href="/wiki/Muntilan" title="Muntilan">Muntilan</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Portuguese_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Portuguese era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#VOC_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">VOC era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#East_Indies_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">East Indies era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Van_Lith_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Van Lith era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#World_War_II_and_the_War_of_Independence"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">World War II and the War of Independence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Post-independence_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Post-independence era</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#List_of_Catholic_provinces_and_dioceses_in_Indonesia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">List of Catholic provinces and dioceses in Indonesia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Immediately_subject_to_the_Holy_See"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Immediately subject to the Holy See</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Jakarta"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Jakarta</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Ende"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Ende</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Kupang"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Kupang</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Makassar"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Makassar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Medan"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Medan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Merauke"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Merauke</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Palembang"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Palembang</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Pontianak"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Pontianak</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Samarinda"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Samarinda</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Semarang"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical Province of Semarang</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the 14th century, the first Catholic mission that reached Indonesia was led by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> Franciscan friar <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Mattiussi</a>. In his book "Travels of Friar <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a>", he visited several places in today's Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a> in Borneo, between 1318 and 1330. He was sent by the Pope to launch a mission into the Asian interiors. In 1318 he departed from Padua, crossed the Black Sea into Persia and then to Calcutta, Madras, and Sri Lanka. Thence he headed to Nicobar island and Sumatra, before visiting Java and Banjarmasin. He returned to Italy by land through Vietnam, China, and the <a href="/wiki/Silkroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkroad">silkroad</a> to Europe in 1330. The Javanese kingdom mentioned in his record was the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> kingdom. This mission was a pioneer one, providing the church with some information about Asia. At that time the Catholic church was not yet established in the region, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the religions of the majority of the population. </p><p>In the 16th century, the Portuguese sailed east to Asia and eventually captured <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> in 1511. They came for the <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> but Catholic <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> soon arrived in the region, most notably <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a> who worked in <a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> and Morotai (<a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a>) in 1546–1547. <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> missionaries also converted many in <a href="/wiki/Solor" title="Solor">Solor</a>. With the expulsion of Portugal from Ternate in 1574, many Catholics in the northern Moluccas were killed or converted to Islam. Ambon was conquered and occupied by the Dutch East India Company in 1605. Subsequently, the Catholics were forced to convert to Protestantism. The same happened in <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Sangihe_Islands" title="Sangihe Islands">Sangihe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Talaud_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaud Islands">Talaud</a>. In 1613 Solor also fell to the Dutch, and Catholic mission activities declined in Flores and <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, even though these were still under Portuguese administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Cribb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cribb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not until 1808 under H.W. Daendels, as governor-general, that Catholics were permitted freedom of worship in the Dutch Indies, though this measure was mainly intended for European Catholics since Daendels ruled under the authority of Napoleonic France. This freedom was consolidated by Thomas Raffles. </p><p>From 1835 the Catholic Church was affiliated with the colonial state: clergy received a salary from the colonial government which in turn had the right to reject church appointments. In 1846, clashes over policy led the Dutch authorities to expel all but one of the Catholic priests in the colony. In 1848 there were Catholic churches in only four centres in the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-Cribb_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cribb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Active mission work resumed in the second half of the 19th century and was concentrated in a few areas. Larantuka in the island of Flores was a particularly important mission field under the Jesuits because the freedom of the Catholic Church was guaranteed there under an 1859 treaty with Portugal, which settled conflicting territorial claims in the region. Bengkulu, <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka</a>, West Borneo, and the islands south of New Guinea were also important. In other regions, Catholic mission work was banned. Many Batak people in the interior of North Sumatra adopted Catholicism at this time, even though authorities banned Catholic missionaries in other parts of the province. In 1898, a mission program also began in Muntilan, though the first ethnic Javanese priest was not installed until 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Cribb_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cribb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Indonesian independence, the Church grew steadily although the Dutch and other Europeans were expelled. Catholicism and other religions grew phenomenally after the <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Sukarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of Sukarno">Overthrow of Sukarno</a> in 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_era">Portuguese era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Portuguese era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ende_catholic_cathedral_(Indonesia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg/220px-Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="2308"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg/220px-Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg/330px-Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg/440px-Ende_catholic_cathedral_%28Indonesia%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Catholic cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Ende,_East_Nusa_Tenggara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ende, East Nusa Tenggara">Ende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>. Most Flores inhabitants are Catholics.</figcaption></figure> <p>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorers</a> arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a> in 1534, with the goal of converting the natives to Catholicism and to obtain valuable <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> endemic to the region. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spaniard</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a>, a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit Order</a>, worked in the islands from 1546 to 1547 and <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptised</a> several thousand locals of the islands of <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a> (or Moro), laying the foundations for a permanent mission there. Following his departure from Maluku, others carried on his work and by the 1560s there were 10,000 Catholics in the area, mostly on Ambon; by the 1590s there were 50,000 to 60,000. Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> priests also had some success in missionary activities on <a href="/wiki/Solor" title="Solor">Solor</a> whereby in the 1590s the Portuguese and local Catholic population is thought to have numbered 25,000.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp25-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VOC_era">VOC era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: VOC era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Cornelis de Houtman</a> was the first Dutchman who sailed east to modern-day Indonesia, in 1595. Although his expedition could be considered a commercial failure, it showed the Dutch they were able to sail east in search of the spices. In 1602 the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) was created. The Netherlands, like Britain, had a staunchly Protestant government at the time, which extended to the VOC; even though there were many Dutch Catholics, they had little influence. Ambon was conquered and occupied by the VOC in 1605, and the Catholics were forced to convert to Protestantism. The same happened in <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> and the islands of Sangihe-Talaud. In 1613 Solor also fell to the Dutch, and Catholic mission activity was reduced in Flores and Timor, which were still under Portuguese administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Cribb_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cribb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic priests were replaced with Protestant clergy from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Many Christians at the time converted to Protestantism. For some time, Catholic priests were threatened with capital punishment if found to be residing in VOC territory. In 1624, Father Egidius d'Abreu <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">SJ</a> was executed in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Batavia</a> during the administration of Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen" title="Jan Pieterszoon Coen">Jan Pieterszoon Coen</a>, for celebrating <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in prison. </p><p>Father <a href="/wiki/Alexander_de_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander de Rhodes">Alexander de Rhodes</a>, a <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> Jesuit who invented the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese westernized alphabet</a> system, was forced to watch his cross and Mass accessories burned underneath where two convicted thieves were just hung to their deaths. De Rhodes was then expelled from VOC territories in 1646.<sup id="cite_ref-katedraljakarta.or.id_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katedraljakarta.or.id-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Gaspard_Cratz" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gaspard Cratz">John Gaspard Cratz</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a>, was forced to leave Batavia due to difficulties with the administrators when he helped Catholic priests who were in transit in Batavia. He was moved to <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, joined the Jesuit Order, and died as a martyr in Vietnam in 1737.<sup id="cite_ref-katedraljakarta.or.id_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katedraljakarta.or.id-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> saw intense warfare between France and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and their respective allies. The sympathies of the people of the Netherlands were divided, and the Netherlands lost its independence. In 1799 the VOC went bankrupt and was dissolved. In 1806 <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> assigned his brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>, a Catholic, to the throne of the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Indies_era">East Indies era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: East Indies era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG/220px-DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2896"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 311px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG/220px-DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="311" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG/330px-DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG/440px-DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Houtman" title="Cornelis de Houtman">Saint Joseph's Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The change of politics in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, mainly because of the accession of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>, a fervent Catholic, brought a positive effect. Religious freedom was recognised by the government. On 8 May 1807, the pope in Rome was given permission from King Louis to establish an Apostolic Prefecture of East Indies in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Batavia</a>. </p><p>On 4 April 1808, two Dutch priests arrived in Batavia. They were Fr. <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Nelissen" title="Jacobus Nelissen">Jacobus Nelissen</a> and Fr. Lambertus Prinsen. Nelissen became the first <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Prefect">Apostolic Prefect</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Batavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Prefecture of Batavia">Apostolic Prefecture of Batavia</a> was created in 1826. </p><p>Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Daendels" class="mw-redirect" title="Daendels">Daendels</a> (1808–1811) replaced <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">VOC</a> with the government of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. Religious freedom was then practised, although Catholicism was still difficult. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Van_Lith_era">Van Lith era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Van Lith era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg/220px-St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1028"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg/220px-St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg/330px-St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg/440px-St_Louis_High_School_Surabaya_principal_at_chapel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Principal and students of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_1_Catholic_High_School_Surabaya" title="St. Louis 1 Catholic High School Surabaya">St. Louis High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> at the chapel</figcaption></figure><p>Catholicism started to spread in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> when Fr. <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Georgius_Josephus_van_Lith" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscus Georgius Josephus van Lith">Frans van Lith</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> came to <a href="/wiki/Muntilan" title="Muntilan">Muntilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, in 1896. His effort showed little progress until 1904 when four chiefs (the heads of the town) from the Kalibawang region came to his house and demanded that he catechize them. On 15 December 1904, a group of 178 Javanese were baptised at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semagung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semagung (page does not exist)">Semagung</a>, between two trees called "Sono". This place is now called Sendangsono in <a href="/wiki/Muntilan" title="Muntilan">Muntilan</a>, district <a href="/wiki/Magelang" title="Magelang">Magelang</a>, Central Java, near the border of the province of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">DI Yogyakarta</a>. </p><p>Van Lith also established a school for teachers in Muntilan called "Normaalschool" in 1900 and "Kweekschool (also for teachers)" in 1904. In 1918, all Catholic schools were put under the jurisdiction of an institute named "Yayasan Kanisius", which produced the first priests and bishops of Indonesia. In the 20th century, the Catholic Church grew quickly. </p><p>In 1911, Van Lith established the "Seminari Menengah" (<a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">minor seminary</a>). Three out of the six candidates that were at the school during 1911–1914 were received into the priesthood in 1926–1928. Those priests were FX Satiman SJ, <a href="/wiki/Adrianus_Djajasepoetra" title="Adrianus Djajasepoetra">Adrianus Djajasepoetra</a> SJ, and <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Soegijapranata" title="Albertus Soegijapranata">Albertus Soegijapranata</a> SJ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_the_War_of_Independence">World War II and the War of Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II and the War of Independence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg/220px-Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 337px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg/220px-Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="337" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Soegijapranata_Nasional_8_Nov_1960_p1.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Soegijapranata" title="Albertus Soegijapranata">Albertus Soegijapranata</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">national hero of Indonesia</a>, an <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">ex-Muslim</a>, was the first <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Indonesian">native Indonesian</a> bishop and known for his pro-<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Awakening" title="Indonesian National Awakening">nationalistic</a> stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonggong2012138_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonggong2012138-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Albertus Soegijapranata SJ became the first Indonesian bishop in 1940 and later Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Semarang" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Semarang">Semarang</a>. </p><p>On 20 December 1948, Father Sandjaja and Brother Hermanus Bouwens SJ were killed in a village called Kembaran, near Muntilan, when Dutch soldiers attacked Semarang. Father Sandjaja is recognised as a martyr by the Indonesian Catholics, (not officially canonized or approved by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>). <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> Soegijapranata with Bishop Willekens SJ faced Japanese colonial rule. They managed, however, to keep Saint Carolus Hospital operating normally. </p><p>Some of the most notable Indonesian national heroes are Catholics, including <a href="/wiki/Agustinus_Adisoetjipto" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustinus Adisoetjipto">Agustinus Adisoetjipto</a> (1947) after whom is named Yogyakarta International Airport, <a href="/wiki/Adisucipto_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Adisucipto International Airport">Adisutjipto Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Slamet_Riyadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatius Slamet Riyadi">Ignatius Slamet Riyadi</a> (1945), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yos_Soedarso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yos Soedarso (page does not exist)">Yos Soedarso</a> (1961). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_era">Post-independence era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-independence era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg/220px-Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="432" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1546"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 432px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg/220px-Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="432" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg/330px-Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg/440px-Mgr._Ignatius_Suharyo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Suharyo_Hardjoatmodjo" title="Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo">Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Jakarta">Archbishop of Jakarta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first Indonesian archbishop to be made <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> was <a href="/wiki/Justinus_Darmojuwono" title="Justinus Darmojuwono">Justinus Darmojuwono</a> on 29 June 1967. Indonesian Bishops took part in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Council_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Council II">the second Vatican Council</a>, which was convened from 1962 to 1965. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> visited Indonesia in 1970, followed in 1989 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>. The places visited were <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (capital of Indonesia), <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>), <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogyakarta (city)">Yogyakarta</a> (DI Yogyakarta), cities of <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> province, <a href="/wiki/Maumere" title="Maumere">Maumere</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a> (Timor Timur) (now the country of <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>). </p><p>The head of the Archdiocese of Jakarta ("Keuskupan Agung Jakarta") is Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Suharyo_Hardjoatmodjo" title="Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo">Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo</a>. Indonesia's only cardinal is <a href="/wiki/Julius_Darmaatmadja" title="Julius Darmaatmadja">Julius Darmaatmadja</a> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a>. He took part in the conclave which elected <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. For health reasons, however, he declined to take part in the recent conclave that elected <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>. </p><p>In 1965, after the <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Sukarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of Sukarno">overthrow of Sukarno</a>, a purge was carried out against Indonesian communists and alleged communists, especially in Java and Bali. Hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of civilians were killed in the ensuing turmoil by the army and vigilantes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communism was associated with atheism and since that time every Indonesian citizen has been expected to adopt one of the then five official state-endorsed religions.<sup id="cite_ref-Heuken-107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heuken-107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catholicism and other minority religions have experienced enormous growth especially in areas inhabited by large numbers of Chinese Indonesians and ethnic Javanese. For example, in 2000 in Jakarta alone there were 301,084 Catholics, while in 1960 there were only 26,955. This means the Catholic population increased elevenfold while in the same period the population of Jakarta merely tripled, from 2,800,000 to 8,347,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Heuken-107_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heuken-107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This growth may also be attributed to increased migration to the capital from Christian parts of Indonesia when in 1960 there were not so many from the regions residing in Jakarta as now. </p><p>The dramatic increase of the number of Catholics in particular, and Christians in general, has led to enmity and unfounded allegations of "<a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second half of the 1990s and beginning of the 2000s were also marked by violence against Catholics in particular and Christians in general. However, former president <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a>, himself a leader of <a href="/wiki/Nahdatul_Ulama" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahdatul Ulama">Nahdatul Ulama</a>, one of the biggest Muslim organisations in Indonesia, made several contributions in reconciling the simmering antipathy among the different religious groups. </p><p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Indonesia" title="Bishops' Conference of Indonesia">Bishops' Conference</a> established <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Indonesia" title="Caritas Indonesia">Caritas Indonesia</a>, also known as Karina, as the official humanitarian relief organisation of the Indonesian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-VN18BDay_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN18BDay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As recently as 2010, there were incidents where Catholics and other Christians were banned from celebrating Christmas services.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> visited Indonesia from 3 to 6 September 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG/220px-Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG/220px-Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG/330px-Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG/440px-Fish_pond_and_fountain_in_the_Saint_Mary_Rawaseneng_Prayer_Garden.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rawaseneng_Monastery" title="Rawaseneng Monastery">Rawaseneng Monastery</a> (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Pertapaan Santa Maria Rawaseneng</i></span>), in <a href="/wiki/Temanggung_Regency" title="Temanggung Regency">Temanggung Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">Statistics Indonesia</a> (BPS) conducts a census every 10 years. Data available from 2000 drew on 201,241,999 survey responses. BPS estimated that the census missed 4.6 million people. The BPS report indicated that 85.1 per cent of the population label themselves Muslim, 9.2 per cent Protestant, 3.5 per cent Catholic, 1.81 per cent Hindu, 0.84 per cent Buddhist, and 0.2 per cent "other," including traditional indigenous religions, other Christian groups, and Judaism. The country's religious composition remains a politically charged issue; as some Christians, Hindus, and members of other minority faiths argue that the census undercounted non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-unhcr_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unhcr-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2000 BPS then claims 88.22% of the population would be Muslim if the missed 4.6 million people were counted.<sup id="cite_ref-2000_census_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000_census-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Indonesia made another census by the Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. The results stated that 86.7% of Indonesians are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, 10.72% Christians (7.6% <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>, 3.12% <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>), 1.74% <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, 0.77% <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> and 0.07% others.<sup id="cite_ref-RELIGION_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RELIGION-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="List_of_Catholic_provinces_and_dioceses_in_Indonesia">List of Catholic provinces and dioceses in Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of Catholic provinces and dioceses in Indonesia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg/220px-Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="859"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 357px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg/220px-Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="357" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg/330px-Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg/440px-Logo_of_Catholic_Party.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Catholic Party (Indonesia)">Indonesian Catholic party</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immediately_subject_to_the_Holy_See">Immediately subject to the Holy See</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Immediately subject to the Holy See" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_Indonesia" title="Military Ordinariate of Indonesia">Military Ordinariate of Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Jakarta">Ecclesiastical Province of Jakarta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Jakarta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Jakarta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jakarta">Archdiocese of Jakarta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bandung" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bandung">Diocese of Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bogor" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bogor">Diocese of Bogor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Ende">Ecclesiastical Province of Ende</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Ende" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Ende" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ende">Archdiocese of Ende</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Denpasar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Denpasar">Diocese of Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Labuan_Bajo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Labuan Bajo">Diocese of Labuan Bajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Larantuka" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Larantuka">Diocese of Larantuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Maumere" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Maumere">Diocese of Maumere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ruteng" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ruteng">Diocese of Ruteng</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Kupang">Ecclesiastical Province of Kupang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Kupang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Kupang" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kupang">Archdiocese of Kupang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Atambua" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Atambua">Diocese of Atambua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Weetebula" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Weetebula">Diocese of Weetebula</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Makassar">Ecclesiastical Province of Makassar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Makassar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Makassar" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Makassar">Archdiocese of Makassar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Amboina" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Amboina">Diocese of Amboina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Manado" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Manado">Diocese of Manado</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Medan">Ecclesiastical Province of Medan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Medan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Medan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Medan">Archdiocese of Medan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Padang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Padang">Diocese of Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sibolga" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sibolga">Diocese of Sibolga</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Merauke">Ecclesiastical Province of Merauke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Merauke" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Merauke" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Merauke">Archdiocese of Merauke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Agats" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Agats">Diocese of Agats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Jayapura" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Jayapura">Diocese of Jayapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Manokwari-Sorong" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Manokwari-Sorong">Diocese of Manokwari-Sorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Timika" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Timika">Diocese of Timika</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Palembang">Ecclesiastical Province of Palembang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Palembang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Palembang" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Palembang">Archdiocese of Palembang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pangkal-Pinang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pangkal-Pinang">Diocese of Pangkal-Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tanjungkarang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjungkarang">Diocese of Tanjungkarang</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Pontianak">Ecclesiastical Province of Pontianak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Pontianak" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Pontianak" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pontianak">Archdiocese of Pontianak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ketapang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ketapang">Diocese of Ketapang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sanggau" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sanggau">Diocese of Sanggau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sintang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sintang">Diocese of Sintang</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Samarinda">Ecclesiastical Province of Samarinda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Samarinda" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Samarinda" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Samarinda">Archdiocese of Samarinda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Banjarmasin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Banjarmasin">Diocese of Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Palangkaraya" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Palangkaraya">Diocese of Palangkaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tanjung_Selor" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjung Selor">Diocese of Tanjung Selor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Semarang">Ecclesiastical Province of Semarang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Province of Semarang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Semarang" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Semarang">Archdiocese of Semarang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Malang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang">Diocese of Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Purwokerto" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Purwokerto">Diocese of Purwokerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Surabaya" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Surabaya">Diocese of Surabaya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Indonesia" title="List of Catholic dioceses in Indonesia">List of Catholic dioceses in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_church_buildings_in_Indonesia" title="List of church buildings in Indonesia">List of church buildings in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Holy See–Indonesia relations">Holy See–Indonesia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Indonesia" title="Christianity in Indonesia">Christianity in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKarel_Steenbrink2007" class="citation book cs1">Karel Steenbrink (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bc5gAAAAQBAJ&dq=catholicism+was+introduced+in+Indonesia&pg=PA1"><i>Catholics in Indonesia, 1808-1942 A Documented History. Volume 2: The Spectacular Growth of a Self Confident Minority, 1903-1942</i></a>. Brill. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004254022" title="Special:BookSources/9789004254022"><bdi>9789004254022</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholics+in+Indonesia%2C+1808-1942+A+Documented+History.+Volume+2%3A+The+Spectacular+Growth+of+a+Self+Confident+Minority%2C+1903-1942&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789004254022&rft.au=Karel+Steenbrink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbc5gAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcatholicism%2Bwas%2Bintroduced%2Bin%2BIndonesia%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RELIGION-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RELIGION_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RELIGION_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903221250/https://data.kemenag.go.id/agamadashboard/statistik/umat">"Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia"</a> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)">Ministry of Religious Affairs</a>. 15 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.kemenag.go.id/agamadashboard/statistik/umat">the original</a> on 3 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistik+Umat+Menurut+Agama+di+Indonesia&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Religious+Affairs&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.kemenag.go.id%2Fagamadashboard%2Fstatistik%2Fumat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/ID.htm">"Catholic Church in Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia)"</a>. <i>www.gcatholic.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gcatholic.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Church+in+Republic+of+Indonesia+%28Indonesia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcatholic.org%2Fdioceses%2Fcountry%2FID.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics Indonesia [Central Statistics Bureau] (2012), <i>Statistik Indonesia, Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2011</i>, Jakarta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cribb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cribb_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cribb_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cribb_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cribb_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Cribb, <i>Historical Atlas of Indonesia</i> (2000:48)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFSp25-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1993" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M.C. (1993). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition</i>. London: MacMillan. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6"><bdi>0-333-57689-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-katedraljakarta.or.id-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-katedraljakarta.or.id_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-katedraljakarta.or.id_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517012843/http://www.katedraljakarta.or.id/gereja/tentanggereja.aspx">"Katedral Jakarta Website"</a> (in Indonesian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katedraljakarta.or.id/gereja/tentanggereja.aspx">the original</a> on 2007-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Katedral+Jakarta+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katedraljakarta.or.id%2Fgereja%2Ftentanggereja.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonggong2012138-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonggong2012138_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGonggong2012">Gonggong 2012</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Central Java, the mass killings were carried out by the army much while in East Java the mass killings were also carried out by others. Robert Cribb (2000:170).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heuken-107-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heuken-107_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heuken-107_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolf Heuken (2005:107)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, when Pope John Paul II visited Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 1989, he received a letter full of such accusations. The letter was written by Moh. Natsir, K.H. Masykur, K.H. Rusli Abd Wahid, and H.M. Rasyidi. These gentlemen were prominent Muslim leaders at that time. <i>Panji Masyarakat</i> 31–10–1989. This information is cited from Adolf Heuken (2005:107)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VN18BDay-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VN18BDay_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathias_Hariyadi2024" class="citation web cs1">Mathias Hariyadi (26 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2024-06/caritas-indonesia-18th-anniversary-celebration-care-poor.html">"Caritas Indonesia celebrates 18 years with renewed commitment to the needy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Caritas+Indonesia+celebrates+18+years+with+renewed+commitment+to+the+needy&rft.date=2024-06-26&rft.au=Mathias+Hariyadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fchurch%2Fnews%2F2024-06%2Fcaritas-indonesia-18th-anniversary-celebration-care-poor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=8666">"Christmas Mass barred in Indonesian province : News Headlines"</a>. <i>www.catholicculture.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholicculture.org&rft.atitle=Christmas+Mass+barred+in+Indonesian+province+%3A+News+Headlines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2Findex.cfm%3Fstoryid%3D8666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=8702">"Java: Catholics will defy ban on Christmas Mass : News Headlines"</a>. <i>www.catholicculture.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholicculture.org&rft.atitle=Java%3A+Catholics+will+defy+ban+on+Christmas+Mass+%3A+News+Headlines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2Findex.cfm%3Fstoryid%3D8702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucanews.com/2010/12/23/christians-refuse-to-cancel-christmas/">Christians refuse to cancel Christmas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820165900/http://www.ucanews.com/2010/12/23/christians-refuse-to-cancel-christmas/">Archived</a> 2013-08-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2024" class="citation web cs1">Watkins, Devin (12 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2024-04/pope-francis-visit-four-asian-states-september.html">"Pope Francis to visit 4 nations across Asia and Oceania in September"</a>. <i>Vatican News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+to+visit+4+nations+across+Asia+and+Oceania+in+September&rft.date=2024-04-12&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Devin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2024-04%2Fpope-francis-visit-four-asian-states-september.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unhcr-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unhcr_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,USDOS,,IDN,,4cf2d09264,0.html">"Refworld | 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom - Indonesia"</a>. unhcr.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Refworld+%26%23124%3B+2010+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom+-+Indonesia&rft.pub=unhcr.org&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2CUSDOS%2C%2CIDN%2C%2C4cf2d09264%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000_census-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000_census_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMax_M_RichterIvana_Prazic" class="citation web cs1">Max M Richter; Ivana Prazic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235027/http://crcs.ugm.ac.id/files/759Annual%20Report%20CRCS%202009.pdf">"Religious Census in Indonesia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crcs.ugm.ac.id/files/759Annual%20Report%20CRCS%202009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Census+in+Indonesia&rft.au=Max+M+Richter&rft.au=Ivana+Prazic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrcs.ugm.ac.id%2Ffiles%2F759Annual%2520Report%2520CRCS%25202009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li>Robert Cribb, <i>Historical Atlas of Indonesia</i>. London: Curzon Press, Singapore: New Asian Library (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-04-2771-9" title="Special:BookSources/981-04-2771-9">981-04-2771-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonggong2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gonggong, Anhar (2012). <i>Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata SJ: Antara Gereja dan Negara</i> [<i>Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata SJ: Between the Church and the State</i>] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Grasindo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-081-803-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-081-803-3"><bdi>978-979-081-803-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mgr.+Albertus+Soegijapranata+SJ%3A+Antara+Gereja+dan+Negara&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Grasindo&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-979-081-803-3&rft.aulast=Gonggong&rft.aufirst=Anhar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Adolf Heuken, 'Archdiocese of Jakarta - a Growing Local Church (1950–2000)' in <i>Een vakkracht in het Koninkrijk. Kerk- en zendingshistorie opstellen</i> onder redactie van dr. Chr.G.F. de Jong (2005:104-114) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5829-611-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-5829-611-3">90-5829-611-3</a></li> <li>Leopold Maria van Rijckevorsel S.J., <i>Pastoor F. van Lith S.J. : de stichter van de missie in Midden-Java, 1863-1926</i>. Nijmegen: Stichting St.Claverbond (1952)</li> <li>Karel Steenbrink, <i>Catholics in Indonesia, 1808-1942 : a documented history</i>. Leiden:KITLV Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6718-141-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-6718-141-2">90-6718-141-2</a></li> <li>Karel Steenbrink, 'A Catholic Sadrach: the contested conversions of Madrais adherents in West Java between 1960 and 2000' in <i>Een vakkracht in het Koninkrijk. Kerk- en zendingshistorie opstellen</i> onder redactie van dr. Chr.G.F. de Jong (2005:286-307) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5829-611-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-5829-611-3">90-5829-611-3</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4HejOSRGiA&t=250s">Example of Catholic hymns used by Indonesians</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الرومانية الكاثوليكية في إندونيسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الرومانية الكاثوليكية في إندونيسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahan_Katoliko_sa_Indonesya" title="Simbahan Katoliko sa Indonesya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbahan Katoliko sa Indonesya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolick%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev_v_Indon%C3%A9sii" title="Katolická církev v Indonésii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katolická církev v Indonésii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6misch-katholische_Kirche_in_Indonesien" title="Römisch-katholische Kirche in Indonesien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römisch-katholische Kirche in Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique_en_Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Église catholique en Indonésie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église catholique en Indonésie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%C4%8Dka_Crkva_u_Indoneziji" title="Katolička Crkva u Indoneziji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katolička Crkva u Indoneziji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_di_Indonesia" title="Gereja Katolik di Indonesia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Katolik di Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica_in_Indonesia" title="Chiesa cattolica in Indonesia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa cattolica in Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_di_Indonesia" title="Gereja Katolik di Indonesia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja Katolik di Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholieke_Kerk_in_Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Katholieke Kerk in Indonesië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katholieke Kerk in Indonesië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica_na_Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Igreja Católica na Indonésia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Católica na Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Католицизм в Индонезии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Католицизм в Индонезии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Католицька церква в Індонезії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Католицька церква в Індонезії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="印尼天主教會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印尼天主教會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 December 2024, at 15:35<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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