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sleepiness scale</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: karolinska sleepiness scale"> <meta name="keywords" content="karolinska sleepiness scale"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="karolinska sleepiness scale"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6010</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: karolinska sleepiness scale</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6010</span> Influence of Vibration Amplitude on Reaction Time and Drowsiness Level </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20A.%20Azizan">Mohd A. Azizan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Z.%20Zali"> Mohd Z. Zali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well established that exposure to vibration has an adverse effect on human health, comfort, and performance. However, there is little quantitative knowledge on performance combined with drowsiness level during vibration exposure. This paper reports a study investigating the influence of vibration amplitude on seated occupant reaction time and drowsiness level. Eighteen male volunteers were recruited for this experiment. Before commencing the experiment, total transmitted acceleration measured at interfaces between the seat pan and seatback to human body was adjusted to become 0.2 ms-2 r.m.s and 0.4 ms-2 r.m.s for each volunteer. Seated volunteers were exposed to Gaussian random vibration with frequency band 1-15 Hz at two level of amplitude (low vibration amplitude and medium vibration amplitude) for 20-minutes in separate days. For the purpose of drowsiness measurement, volunteers were asked to complete 10-minutes PVT test before and after vibration exposure and rate their subjective drowsiness by giving score using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) before vibration, every 5-minutes interval and following 20-minutes of vibration exposure. Strong evidence of drowsiness was found as there was a significant increase in reaction time and number of lapse following exposure to vibration in both conditions. However, the effect is more apparent in medium vibration amplitude. A steady increase of drowsiness level can also be observed in KSS in all volunteers. However, no significant differences were found in KSS between low vibration amplitude and medium vibration amplitude. It is concluded that exposure to vibration has an adverse effect on human alertness level and more pronounced at higher vibration amplitude. Taken together, these findings suggest a role of vibration in promoting drowsiness, especially at higher vibration amplitude. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drowsiness" title="drowsiness">drowsiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20vibration" title=" human vibration"> human vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karolinska%20sleepiness%20scale" title=" karolinska sleepiness scale"> karolinska sleepiness scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychomotor%20vigilance%20test" title=" psychomotor vigilance test"> psychomotor vigilance test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66811/influence-of-vibration-amplitude-on-reaction-time-and-drowsiness-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6009</span> The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Vigilance, Fatigue, and Performance during Simulated Train Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Theresia">Clara Theresia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hardianto%20Iridiastadi"> Hardianto Iridiastadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drowsiness is one of the main factors that contribute to the occurrence of accidents, particularly in the transportation sector. While the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive functions have been reported, the exact relationships remain a critical issue. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of extreme sleep deprivation on vigilance, fatigue, and performance during simulated train driving. A total of 12 participants were asked to drive a train simulator continuously for 4 hours, either in a sleep deprived condition (2-hr of sleep) or normal (8-hr of sleep) condition. Dependent variables obtained during the task included Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) parameters, degree of fatigue (assessed via Visual Analogue Scale/VAS) and sleepiness (reported using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale/KSS), and driving performance (the number of speed limit violations). Findings from this study demonstrated substantial decrements in vigilance in the sleep-deprived condition. This condition also resulted in 75% increase in speed violation and a two-fold increase in the degree of fatigue and sleepiness. Extreme sleep deprivation was clearly associated with substantially poorer response. The exact effects, however, were dependent upon the types of responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20function" title="cognitive function">cognitive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychomotor%20vigilance%20task" title=" psychomotor vigilance task"> psychomotor vigilance task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20deprivation" title=" sleep deprivation"> sleep deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train%20simulator" title=" train simulator"> train simulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80174/the-effects-of-sleep-deprivation-on-vigilance-fatigue-and-performance-during-simulated-train-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6008</span> Effects of Food Habits on Road Accidents Due to Micro-Sleepiness and Analysis of Attitudes to Develop a Food Product as a Preventive Measure </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumesh%20Liyanage">Rumesh Liyanage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Nawaratne"> S. B. Nawaratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20D.%20S.%20Ranaweera"> K. K. D. S. Ranaweera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indira%20Wickramasinghe"> Indira Wickramasinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20G.%20S.%20C.%20Katukurunda"> K. G. S. C. Katukurunda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study it was attempted to identify an effect of food habits and publics’ attitudes on micro-sleepiness and preventive measures to develop a food product to combat. Statistical data pertaining to road accidents were collected from, Sri Lanka Police Traffic Division and a pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents. They were selected representing drivers (especially highway drivers), private and public sector workers (shift based) and cramming students (university and school). Questionnaires were directed to fill independently and personally and collected data were analyzed statistically. Results revealed that 76.84, 96.39 and 80.93% out of total respondents consumed rice for all three meals which lead to ingesting higher glycemic meals. Taking two hyper glycemic meals before 14.00h was identified as a cause of micro-sleepiness within these respondents. Peak level of road accidents were observed at 14.00 - 20.00h (38.2%)and intensity of micro-sleepiness falls at the same time period (37.36%) while 14.00 to 16.00h was the peak time, 16.00 to 18.00h was the least; again 18.00 to 20.00h it reappears slightly. Even though respondents of the survey expressed that peak hours of micro- sleepiness is 14.00-16.00h, according to police reports, peak hours fall in between 18.00-20.00h. Out of the interviewees, 69.27% strongly wanted to avoid micro-sleepiness and intend to spend LKR 10-20 on a commercial product to combat micro sleepiness. As age-old practices to suppress micro-sleepiness are time taken, modern day respondents (51.64%) like to have a quick solution through a drink. Therefore, food habits of morning and noon may cause for micro- sleepiness while dinner may cause for both, natural and micro-sleepiness due to the heavy glycemic load of food. According to the study micro-sleepiness, can be categorized into three zones such as low-risk zone (08.00-10.00h and 18.00-20.00h), manageable zone (10.00-12.00h), and high- risk zone (14.00-16.00h). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20habits" title="food habits">food habits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycemic%20load" title=" glycemic load"> glycemic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-sleepiness" title=" micro-sleepiness"> micro-sleepiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20accidents" title=" road accidents"> road accidents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35454/effects-of-food-habits-on-road-accidents-due-to-micro-sleepiness-and-analysis-of-attitudes-to-develop-a-food-product-as-a-preventive-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6007</span> The Relationship between Amplitude and Stability of Circadian Rhythm with Sleep Quality and Sleepiness: A Population Study, Kerman 2018</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Sadat%20Jafari%20Roodbandi">Akram Sadat Jafari Roodbandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Akbari"> Farzaneh Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vafa%20Feyzi"> Vafa Feyzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Zare"> Zahra Zare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Foroozanfar"> Zohreh Foroozanfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Circadian rhythm or sleep-awake cycle in 24 hours is one of the important factors affecting the physiological and psychological characteristics in humans that contribute to biochemical, physiological and behavioral processes and helps people to set up brain and body for sleep or active awakening during certain hours. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of circadian rhythms on the sleep quality and sleepiness according to their demographic characteristics such as age. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out among the general population of Kerman, aged 15-84 years. After dividing the age groups into 10-year demographic characteristics questionnaire, the type of circadian questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire and Euporth sleepiness questionnaire were completed in equal numbers between men and women of that age group. Using cluster sampling with effect design equal 2, 1300 questionnaires were distributed during the various hours of 24 hours in public places in Kerman city. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and univariate tests and linear regressions at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In this study, 1147 subjects were included in the study, 584 (50.9%) were male and the rest were women. The mean age was 39.50 ± 15.38. 133 (11.60%) subjects from the study participants had sleepiness and 308 (26.90%) subjects had undesirable sleep quality. Using linear regression test, sleep quality was the significant correlation with sex, hours needed for sleep at 24 hours, chronic illness, sleepiness, and circadian rhythm amplitude. Sleepiness was the meaningful relationship with marital status, sleep-wake schedule of other family members and the stability of circadian rhythm. Both women and men, with age, decrease the quality of sleep and increase the rate of sleepiness. Conclusion: Age, sex, and type of circadian people, the need for sleep at 24 hours, marital status, sleep-wake schedule of other family members are significant factors related to the sleep quality and sleepiness and their adaptation to night shift work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20type" title="circadian type">circadian type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20quality" title=" sleep quality"> sleep quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleepiness" title=" sleepiness"> sleepiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age" title=" age"> age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shift%20work" title=" shift work"> shift work</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99715/the-relationship-between-amplitude-and-stability-of-circadian-rhythm-with-sleep-quality-and-sleepiness-a-population-study-kerman-2018" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6006</span> The Effect of Surgical Intervention on Pediatric and Adolescent Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Yi%20Yiu">Ching-Yi Yiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Chen%20Hsu"> Hui-Chen Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a popular problem in the modern society. It usually leads to sleep disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness and associated with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction and even death. The nonsurgical therapies include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), diet and oral appliances. The surgical approaches have nasal surgery, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS).We compare the impact of surgical treatments on these kinds of patients. Methods: Between January 2018 to September 2022, We have enrolled 125 OSAS patients including 82 male and 43 female in Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan. The age distribution from 6 to 71 years old (y/o) with mean age 36.1 y/o. The averaged body mass index (BMI) is 25 kg/m2 in male and 25.5 kg/m2 in female. In this cohort, we evaluated their upper airway obstruction sites with nasopharyngoscopy and scheduled a planned surgery. Some of cases received polysomnography (PSG) preoperatively, the averaged apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is 37.7 events/hour. We have 68 patients received tonsillectomy, 9 received UPPP, 42 received UPPP and septomeatoplasty (SMP) and 6 received adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (A and T). The subjective daytime sleepiness was evaluated with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: In the 68 tonsillectomy group, the averaged BMI is 24.9 kg/m2. In the UPPP group, the averaged BMI is 28.9 kg/m2. In UPPP and SMP group, the averaged BMI is 27.9 kg/m2. In the A and T group, the averaged BMI is 17.2 kg/m2. The reduction of AHI less than 20 is 58% postoperatively. The ESS reduced from 10.9 to 4.9 after surgery. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common upper airway disturbance in the general population. The prevalence rate is ranging high depending on different regions, age, sex and race. It leads to severe morbidity and mortality including car accident, stroke, nocturnal desaand sudden death and should be considered to be a major public health problem. The CPAP is effective to improve daytime sleepiness but the long-term compliance is low. The surgical treatment with different modalities can produce 50% decrease in AHI and ESS after surgery in the 6 to 12 months short-term period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apnea-hypopnea%20index" title="apnea-hypopnea index">apnea-hypopnea index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstructive%20sleep%20apnea%20syndrome" title=" obstructive sleep apnea syndrome"> obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysomnography" title=" polysomnography"> polysomnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uvulopalatopharyngoplasty" title=" uvulopalatopharyngoplasty"> uvulopalatopharyngoplasty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160927/the-effect-of-surgical-intervention-on-pediatric-and-adolescent-obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6005</span> Prevalence of Shift Work Disorders among Mongolian Nurses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davaakhuu%20Vandannyam">Davaakhuu Vandannyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarsaikhan%20Dashtseren"> Amarsaikhan Dashtseren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyungoo%20Badamdorj"> Oyungoo Badamdorj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Shift work and extended working hours are increasing in many industries and organization's in the world. Over a 24 hour period, the circadian clock regulates sleep/wake patterns, body temperature, hormone levels, digestion and many other functions. Depending on the time of day or night, the human body is programmed for periods of wakefulness and sleep, high and low body temperature, high and low digestive activity and so on. Shift work is highly prevalent in industrialized societies (>20%) but, when it includes night work, it has pronounced negative effects on sleep, subjective and physiological sleepiness, performance, accident risk, as well as on health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and certain forms of cancer. Method: In this cross-sectional field study, 634 shift work and day work nurses from a plant were involved, with participation rate of 100% (634 nurses). The general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and RLS, ESS, ISI, FSS were used to evaluate the level of insomnia, sleepiness, fatigue and restless legs syndrome, respectively. Results: As a result of research on some indicators of health risks caused from work shift, it was proven that prevalence of restless legs syndrome was at 5.5% and 25.9% are in risk of becoming sick, 42.3% are in fatigue, 3.5% in high stage of insomnia and 27.4% are sleepy on duty. Insomnia of nurses mainly affected from long-hour shift, dissatisfaction, workload, lose of focus and use of coffee. There is sleepiness lies in the workplace due to number of shifts, unsatisfactory performance and emergency calls between shifts. It has been determined that risk of sickness influenced by number of shifts in a month and long hour shift, dissatisfaction and use of coffee and divisions are causing restless legs syndrome. Conclusions: Among the nurses, it was found that the prevalence of insomnia is 31.6%, sleepiness 27.4%, fatigue 42.3%, restless legs syndrome 35% and stress 25.9%. These factors of shift work affecting health tend to go up as working hours increase and more common among shift work nurses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shiftwork" title="shiftwork">shiftwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insomnia" title=" insomnia"> insomnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleepiness" title=" sleepiness"> sleepiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restless" title=" restless"> restless</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57998/prevalence-of-shift-work-disorders-among-mongolian-nurses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6004</span> Effect of Stress Relief of the Footbath Using Bio-Marker in Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harumi%20Katayama">Harumi Katayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Suzuki"> Mina Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeko%20Muramatsu"> Taeko Muramatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yui%20Shimogawa"> Yui Shimogawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshimi%20Mizushima"> Yoshimi Mizushima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuo%20Hiramatsu"> Mitsuo Hiramatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimitsugu%20Nakamura"> Kimitsugu Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeshi%20Suzue"> Takeshi Suzue </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: There are very often footbaths in the hot-spring area as culture from old days in Japan. This culture moderately supported mental and physical health among people. In Japanese hospitals, nurses provide footbath for severe patients to mental comfortable. However, there are only a few evidences effect of footbath for mental comfortable. In this presentation, we show the effect of stress relief of the footbath using biomarker among 35 college students in volunteer. Methods: The experiment was designed in two groups of the footbath group and the simple relaxation group randomly. As mental load, Kraepelin test was given to the students beforehand. Ultra-weak chemiluminescence (UCL) in saliva and self-administered liner scale measurable emotional state were measured on four times concurrently; there is before and after the mental load, after the stress relief, and 30 minutes after the stress relief. The scale that measured emotional state was consisted of 7 factors; there is excitement, relaxation, vigorous, fatigue, tension, calm, and sleepiness with 22 items. ANOVA was calculated effect of the footbath for stress relief. Results: The level of UCL (photons/100sec) was significantly increased in response on both groups after mental load. After the two types of stress relief, UCL (photons/100sec) of footbath group was significantly decreased compared to simple relaxation group. Score of sleepiness and relaxation were significantly increased after the stress relief in the footbath group than the simple relaxation group. However, score of excitement, vigorous, tension, and calm were exhibit the same degree of decrease after the stress relief on both group. Conclusion: It was suggested that salivary UCL may be a sensitive biomarker for mild stress relief as nursing care. In the future, we will measure using UCL to evaluate as stress relief for inpatients, outpatients, or general public as the subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-marker" title="bio-marker">bio-marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=footbath" title=" footbath"> footbath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20relief" title=" stress relief"> stress relief</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42311/effect-of-stress-relief-of-the-footbath-using-bio-marker-in-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6003</span> Translation and Validation of the Thai Version of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natcha%20Lueangapapong">Natcha Lueangapapong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chariya%20Chuthapisith"> Chariya Chuthapisith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lunliya%20Thampratankul"> Lunliya Thampratankul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is a need to find an appropriate tool to help healthcare providers determine sleep problems in children for early diagnosis and management. The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) is a parent-reported sleep questionnaire that has good psychometric properties and can be used in the context of Asian culture, which is likely suitable for Thai children. Objectives: This study aimed to translate and validate the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) into a Thai version and to evaluate factors associated with sleep disorders in preschoolers. Methods: After approval by the original developer, the cross-cultural adaptation process of JSQ-P was performed, including forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, and final approval of the Thai version of JSQ-P (TH-JSQ-P) by the original creator. This study was conducted between March 2021 and February 2022. The TH-JSQ-P was completed by 2,613 guardians whose children were aged 2-6 years twice in 10-14 days to assess its reliability and validity. Content validity was measured by an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) and a content validity index (CVI). Face validity, content validity, structural validity, construct validity (discriminant validity), criterion validity and predictive validity were assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of the TH-JSQ-P were also measured by using a total JSQ-P score cutoff point 84, recommended by the original JSQ-P and each subscale score among the clinical samples of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Results: Internal consistency reliability, evaluated by Cronbach’s α coefficient, showed acceptable reliability in all subscales of JSQ-P. It also had good test-retest reliability, as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for all items ranged between 0.42-0.84. The content validity was acceptable. For structural validity, our results indicated that the final factor solution for the Th-JSQ-P was comparable to the original JSQ-P. For construct validity, age group was one of the clinical parameters associated with some sleep problems. In detail, parasomnias, insomnia, daytime excessive sleepiness and sleep habits significantly decreased when the children got older; on the other hand, insufficient sleep was significantly increased with age. For criterion validity, all subscales showed a correlation with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = -0.049-0.349). In predictive validity, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was significantly a strong factor that correlated to sleep problems in all subscales of JSQ-P except in the subscale of sleep habit. The sensitivity and specificity of the total JSQ-P score were 0.72 and 0.66, respectively. Conclusion: The Thai version of JSQ-P has good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. It passed 6 validity tests, and this can be used to evaluate sleep problems in preschool children in Thailand. Furthermore, it has satisfactory general psychometric properties and good reliability and validity. The data collected in examining the sensitivity of the Thai version revealed that the JSQ-P could detect differences in sleep problems among children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This confirmed that the measure is sensitive and can be used to discriminate sleep problems among different children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschooler" title="preschooler">preschooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20version" title=" Thai version"> Thai version</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174543/translation-and-validation-of-the-thai-version-of-the-japanese-sleep-questionnaire-for-preschoolers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6002</span> Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (Baseline vs. 12 months) for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmeen%20Jamal%20Alabdallat">Yasmeen Jamal Alabdallat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almutazballlah%20Bassam%20Qablan"> Almutazballlah Bassam Qablan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Al-Salhi"> Hamza Al-Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salameh%20Alarood"> Salameh Alarood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibraheem%20Alkhawaldeh"> Ibraheem Alkhawaldeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obada%20Abunar"> Obada Abunar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Abdallah"> Adam Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by the repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It is the most common cause of sleep-related breathing disorder, as OSA can cause loud snoring, daytime fatigue, or more severe problems such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, insulin-resistant diabetes, and depression. The hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) is an implantable medical device that reduces the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea by electrically stimulating the hypoglossal nerve in rhythm with the patient's breathing, causing the tongue to move. This stimulation helps keep the patient's airways clear while they sleep. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical outcome of hypoglossal nerve stimulation as a treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from inception until August 2022. Studies assessing the following clinical outcomes (Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), Oxygen Desaturation Indices (ODI), (Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)) were pooled in the meta-analysis using Review Manager Software. We assessed the quality of studies according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2), Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), and a modified version of NOS for the non-comparative cohort studies.13 Studies (Six Clinical Trials and Seven prospective cohort studies) with a total of 817 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results of AHI were reported in 11 studies examining OSA 696 patients. We found that there was a significant improvement in the AHI after 12 months of HNS (MD = 18.2 with 95% CI, (16.7 to 19.7; I2 = 0%); P < 0.00001). Further, 12 studies reported the results of ESS after 12 months of intervention with a significant improvement in the range of sleepiness among the examined 757 OSA patients (MD = 5.3 with 95% CI, (4.75 to 5.86; I2 = 65%); P < 0.0001). Moreover, nine studies involving 699 participants reported the results of FOSQ after 12 months of HNS with a significant reported improvement (MD = -3.09 with 95% CI, (-3.41 to 2.77; I2 = 0%); P < 0.00001). In addition, ten studies reported the results of ODI with a significant improvement after 12 months of HNS among the 817 examined patients (MD = 14.8 with 95% CI, (13.25 to 16.32; I2 = 0%); P < 000001). The Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation showed a significant positive impact on obstructive sleep apnea patients after 12 months of therapy in terms of apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation indices, manifestations of the behavioral morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea, and functional status resulting from sleepiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apnea" title="apnea">apnea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypoglossal" title=" hypoglossal"> hypoglossal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulation" title=" stimulation"> stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154911/hypoglossal-nerve-stimulation-baseline-vs-12-months-for-obstructive-sleep-apnea-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6001</span> Fibromyalgia and Personality: A Review of the Different Personality Types Identified</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lize%20Tibiri%C3%A7%C3%A1">Lize Tibiriçá</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronnie%20Lee"> Ronnie Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Behbahani"> Samantha Behbahani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculoskeletal disorder affecting men and women of different ages and cultures. The cause of this disorder is unknown; however, studies suggest an etiology that involves biological and psychosocial factors. Few studies have shown that a personality type such as neuroticism is associated with chronic pain conditions. Past research has explored whether patients with FM present with a specific personality trait. However, studies have used different methods (i.e. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Sociotropy and Autonomy Scale (SAS) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Karolinska scale of personality, Big Five Inventory or NEO Personality Inventory) to explore the connection between FM and a personality type. They have identified personality types that present similar characteristics but vary in the name (i.e. high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking, psychasthenia/muscular tension/somatic anxiety, neuroticism). Although Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire and the Big Five Inventory differ in terms of content and structure, both of them identify neuroticism as the personality type of FM patients, and the former also identifies these patients as having a low sociability personality trait. Previous research also shows a trend of sociotropic personality style with FM patients that also suffer from Major Depressive Disorder. Participants in these studies were, for the most part, adult female and researchers have recognized that as a limitation and whether their findings can be generalized to men and younger patients with FM. Furthermore, most studies reviewed were conducted in Europe (i.e. Spain) and had a cross-sectional design. Future research should replicate past studies in different countries and consider conducting a longitudinal study. Although it is suspected that FM course is modulated by FM patients’ personality, it is not known whether individuals with similar personalities will develop FM. This review sought to explain the differences and similarities between the personality types identified. Limitations in the studies reviewed were addressed, and considerations for future research and treatment were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibromyalgia" title=" fibromyalgia"> fibromyalgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroticism" title=" neuroticism"> neuroticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20type" title=" personality type"> personality type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67380/fibromyalgia-and-personality-a-review-of-the-different-personality-types-identified" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6000</span> Neuropsychiatric Outcomes of Intensive Music Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation A Premilitary Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honey%20Bryant">Honey Bryant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvina%20Chu"> Elvina Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults in Canada and directly related to depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders; with an estimated annual cost of $50 billion in health care. Strokes not only impact the individual but society as a whole. Current stroke rehabilitation does not include Music Therapy, although it has success in clinical research in the use of stroke rehabilitation. This study examines the use of neurologic music therapy (NMT) in conjunction with stroke rehabilitation to improve sleep quality, reduce stress levels, and promote neurogenesis. Existing research on NMT in stroke is limited, which means any conclusive information gathered during this study will be significant. My novel hypotheses are a.) stroke patients will become less depressed and less anxious with improved sleep following NMT. b.) NMT will reduce stress levels and promote neurogenesis in stroke patients admitted for rehabilitation. c.) Beneficial effects of NMT will be sustained at least short-term following treatment. Participants were recruited from the in-patient stroke rehabilitation program at Providence Care Hospital in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. All participants-maintained stroke rehabilitation treatment as normal. The study was spilt into two groups, the first being Passive Music Listening (PML) and the second Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT). Each group underwent 10 sessions of intensive music therapy lasting 45 minutes for 10 consecutive days, excluding weekends. Psychiatric Assessments, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hospital Anxiety & Depression Rating Scale (HADS), and Music Engagement Questionnaire (MusEQ), were completed, followed by a general feedback interview. Physiological markers of stress were measured through blood pressure measurements and heart rate variability. Serum collections reviewed neurogenesis via Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and stress markers of cortisol levels. As this study is still on-going, a formal analysis of data has not been fully completed, although trends are following our hypotheses. A decrease in sleepiness and anxiety is seen upon the first cohort of PML. Feedback interviews have indicated most participants subjectively felt more relaxed and thought PML was useful in their recovery. If the hypothesis is supported, larger external funding which will allow for greater investigation of the use of NMT in stroke rehabilitation. As we know, NMT is not covered under Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP), so there is limited scientific data surrounding its uses as a clinical tool. This research will provide detailed findings of the treatment of neuropsychiatric aspects of stroke. Concurrently, a passive music listening study is being designed to further review the use of PML in rehabilitation as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20therapy" title="music therapy">music therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychotherapy" title=" psychotherapy"> psychotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurologic%20music%20therapy" title=" neurologic music therapy"> neurologic music therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20music%20listening" title=" passive music listening"> passive music listening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychiatry" title=" neuropsychiatry"> neuropsychiatry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counselling" title=" counselling"> counselling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural" title=" behavioural"> behavioural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke" title=" stroke"> stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke%20rehabilitation" title=" stroke rehabilitation"> stroke rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroscience" title=" neuroscience"> neuroscience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157425/neuropsychiatric-outcomes-of-intensive-music-therapy-in-stroke-rehabilitation-a-premilitary-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5999</span> Developing of Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Feg%C3%BCl%20Bilge">Ayşegül Bilge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20U%C4%9Furyol"> Merve Uğuryol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eeyda%20D%C3%BClgerler"> Şeyda Dülgerler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z"> Mustafa Yıldız</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to prove the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale reliability and validity. The research is a methodological type of research that has been planned to determine the validity and reliability of the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale. The scale has been developed by the researchers. In the scale, there are 23 questions including complementary and modern therapies individuals apply when they have health problems 4-item Likert-type evaluation has been carried out in preparing the questionnaire. High score obtained from the scale indicates a positive attitude towards complementary therapies. In the course of validity assessment of the scale, expert opinion has been received, and the content validity of the scale has been determined by using Kendall coefficient correlation test (Wa=0.200, p = 0.460). In the course of the reliability assessment of the scale, total score correlations of 23 materials have been examined, and those under 0.20 correlation limit has been removed from the scale correlation. As a result, the scale was left to be 13 items. In the internal consistency tests of the analyses, Cronbach's alpha value has been found to be 0.79. As a result, of the validity analyses of the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale, the content and language validity analyses has been found to be at the expected level. It has been determined to be a highly reliable scale as the result of the reliability analyses. In conclusion, Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale is a valid and reliable scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20health%20care" title="alternative health care">alternative health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20treatment" title=" complementary treatment"> complementary treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20development" title=" instrument development"> instrument development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20practice" title=" nursing practice"> nursing practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48134/developing-of-attitude-towards-using-complementary-treatments-scale-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5998</span> Pharmaceutical Scale up for Solid Dosage Forms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shashank%20Tiwari">A. Shashank Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Mahapatra"> S. P. Mahapatra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scale-up is defined as the process of increasing batch size. Scale-up of a process viewed as a procedure for applying the same process to different output volumes. There is a subtle difference between these two definitions: batch size enlargement does not always translate into a size increase of the processing volume. In mixing applications, scale-up is indeed concerned with increasing the linear dimensions from the laboratory to the plant size. On the other hand, processes exist (e.g., tableting) where the term ‘scale-up’ simply means enlarging the output by increasing the speed. To complete the picture, one should point out special procedures where an increase of the scale is counterproductive and ‘scale-down’ is required to improve the quality of the product. In moving from Research and Development (R&D) to production scale, it is sometimes essential to have an intermediate batch scale. This is achieved at the so-called pilot scale, which is defined as the manufacturing of drug product by a procedure fully representative of and simulating that used for full manufacturing scale. This scale also makes it possible to produce enough products for clinical testing and to manufacture samples for marketing. However, inserting an intermediate step between R&D and production scales does not, in itself, guarantee a smooth transition. A well-defined process may generate a perfect product both in the laboratory and the pilot plant and then fail quality assurance tests in production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20up" title="scale up">scale up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch" title=" batch"> batch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35060/pharmaceutical-scale-up-for-solid-dosage-forms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5997</span> Delamination of Scale in a Fe Carbon Steel Surface by Effect of Interface Roughness and Oxide Scale Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Lee">J. M. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20R.%20Noh"> W. R. Noh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Y.%20Kim"> C. Y. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Lee"> M. G. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Delamination of oxide scale has been often discovered at the interface between Fe carbon steel and oxide scale. Among several mechanisms of this delamination behavior, the normal tensile stress to the substrate-scale interface has been described as one of the main factors. The stress distribution at the interface is also known to be affected by thermal expansion mismatch between substrate and oxide scale, creep behavior during cooling and the geometry of the interface. In this study, stress states near the interface in a Fe carbon steel with oxide scale have been investigated using FE simulations. The thermal and mechanical properties of oxide scales are indicated in literature and Fe carbon steel is measured using tensile testing machine. In particular, the normal and shear stress components developed at the interface during bending are investigated. Preliminary numerical sensitivity analyses are provided to explain the effects of the interface geometry and oxide thickness on the delamination behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20scale" title="oxide scale">oxide scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delamination" title=" delamination"> delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20analysis" title=" Fe analysis"> Fe analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20state" title=" stress state"> stress state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43731/delamination-of-scale-in-a-fe-carbon-steel-surface-by-effect-of-interface-roughness-and-oxide-scale-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5996</span> Development of the ‘Teacher’s Counselling Competence Self-Efficacy Scale’</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riin%20Seema">Riin Seema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Guidance and counseling as a whole-school responsibility is a global trend. Counseling is a specific competence, that consist of cognitive, emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral components. To authors best knowledge, there are no self-assessment scales for teachers in the whole world to measure teachers’ counseling competency. In 2016 an Estonian scale on teachers counseling competence was developed during an Interdisciplinary Project at Tallinn University. The team consisted of 10 interdisciplinary students (psychology, nursery school, special and adult education) and their supervisor. In 2017 another international Interdisciplinary Project was carried out for adapting the scale in English for international students. Firstly, the Estonian scale was translated by 2 professional translators, and then a group of international Erasmus students (again from psychology, nursery school, special and adult education) selected the most suitable translation for the scale. The developed ‘Teacher’s Counselling Competence Self-Efficacy Scale’ measures teacher’s self-efficacy beliefs in their own competence to perform different counseling tasks (creating a counseling relationship, using different reflection techniques, etc.). The scale consists of 47 questions in a 5-point numeric scale. The scale is created based on counseling theory and scale development and validation theory. The scale has been used as a teaching and learning material for counseling courses by 174 Estonian and 10 international student teachers. After filling out the scale, the students also reflected on the scale and their own counseling competencies. The study showed that the scale is unidimensional and has an excellent Cronbach alpha coefficient. Student’s qualitative feedback on the scale has been very positive, as the scale supports their self-reflection. In conclusion, the developed ‘Teacher’s Counselling Competence Self-Efficacy Scale’ is a useful tool for supporting student teachers’ learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competency" title="competency">competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counseling" title=" counseling"> counseling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20students" title=" teacher students"> teacher students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105348/development-of-the-teachers-counselling-competence-self-efficacy-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5995</span> Experimental Investigation of Fluid Dynamic Effects on Crystallisation Scale Growth and Suppression in Agitation Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanjit%20Das">Prasanjit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20K.%20Khan"> M. M. K. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Wu"> Jie Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Youn"> I. Youn </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mineral scale formation is undoubtedly a more serious problem in the mineral industry than other process industries. To better understand scale growth and suppression, an experimental model is proposed in this study for supersaturated crystallised solutions commonly found in mineral process plants. In this experiment, surface crystallisation of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on the wall of the agitation tank and agitation effects on the scale growth and suppression are studied. The new quantitative scale suppression model predicts that at lower agitation speed, the scale growth rate is enhanced and at higher agitation speed, the scale suppression rate increases due to the increased flow erosion effect. A lab-scale agitation tank with and without baffles were used as a benchmark in this study. The fluid dynamic effects on scale growth and suppression in the agitation tank with three different size impellers (diameter 86, 114, 160 mm and model A310 with flow number 0.56) at various ranges of rotational speed (up to 700 rpm) and solution with different concentration (4.5, 4.75 and 5.25 mol/dm3) were investigated. For more elucidation, the effects of the different size of the impeller on wall surface scale growth and suppression rate as well as bottom settled scale accumulation rate are also discussed. Emphasis was placed on applications in the mineral industry, although results are also relevant to other industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agitation%20tank" title="agitation tank">agitation tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallisation" title=" crystallisation"> crystallisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impeller%20speed" title=" impeller speed"> impeller speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale" title=" scale"> scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80970/experimental-investigation-of-fluid-dynamic-effects-on-crystallisation-scale-growth-and-suppression-in-agitation-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5994</span> The Development of the Self-concept Scale for Elders in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Chia%20Lien">Ting-Chia Lien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Yin%20Yen"> Tzu-Yin Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szu-Fan%20Chen"> Szu-Fan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai-chun%20Kuo"> Tai-chun Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Tse%20Lin"> Hung-Tse Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chen%20Chung"> Yi-Chen Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hock-Sen%20Gwee"> Hock-Sen Gwee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to explore the result of the survey by developing “Self-Concept Scale for Elders”, which could provide community counseling and guidance institution for practical application. The sample of this study consisted of 332 elders in Taiwan (male: 33.4%; female: 66.6%). The mean age of participants was 65-98 years. The measurements applied in this study is “Self-Concept Scale for Elders”. After item and factor analyses, the preliminary version of the Self-Concept Scale for Elders was revised to the final version. The results were summarized as follows: 1) There were 10 items in Self-Concept Scale for Elders. 2) The variance explained for the scale accounted for 77.15%, with corrected item-total correlations Cronbach’s alpha=0.87. 3) The content validity, criterion validity and construct validity have been found to be satisfactory. Based on the findings, the implication and suggestions are offered for reference regarding counselor education and future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title="self-concept">self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elder" title=" elder"> elder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20scale" title=" development scale"> development scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20psychology" title=" applied psychology "> applied psychology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29238/the-development-of-the-self-concept-scale-for-elders-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5993</span> Grating Scale Thermal Expansion Error Compensation for Large Machine Tools Based on Multiple Temperature Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenlong%20Feng">Wenlong Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenchun%20Du"> Zhenchun Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianguo%20Yang"> Jianguo Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To decrease the grating scale thermal expansion error, a novel method which based on multiple temperature detections is proposed. Several temperature sensors are installed on the grating scale and the temperatures of these sensors are recorded. The temperatures of every point on the grating scale are calculated by interpolating between adjacent sensors. According to the thermal expansion principle, the grating scale thermal expansion error model can be established by doing the integral for the variations of position and temperature. A novel compensation method is proposed in this paper. By applying the established error model, the grating scale thermal expansion error is decreased by 90% compared with no compensation. The residual positioning error of the grating scale is less than 15um/10m and the accuracy of the machine tool is significant improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20expansion%20error%20of%20grating%20scale" title="thermal expansion error of grating scale">thermal expansion error of grating scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20compensation" title=" error compensation"> error compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20tools" title=" machine tools"> machine tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20method" title=" integral method"> integral method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34355/grating-scale-thermal-expansion-error-compensation-for-large-machine-tools-based-on-multiple-temperature-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5992</span> Developing New Media Credibility Scale: A Multidimensional Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Farouk%20Saleh">Hanaa Farouk Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purposes of this study are to develop a scale that reflects emerging theoretical understandings of new media credibility, based on the evolution of credibility studies in western researches, identification of the determinants of credibility in the media and its components by comparing traditional and new media credibility scales and building accumulative scale to test new media credibility. This approach was built on western researches using conceptualizations of media credibility, which focuses on four principal components: Source (journalist), message (article), medium (newspaper, radio, TV, web, etc.), and organization (owner of the medium), and adding user and cultural context as key components to assess new media credibility in particular. This study’s value lies in its contribution to the conceptualization and development of new media credibility through the creation of a theoretical measurement tool. Future studies should explore this scale to test new media credibility, which represents a promising new approach in the efforts to define and measure credibility of all media types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credibility%20scale" title="credibility scale">credibility scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20credibility%20components" title=" media credibility components"> media credibility components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media%20credibility%20scale" title=" new media credibility scale"> new media credibility scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20development" title=" scale development"> scale development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40031/developing-new-media-credibility-scale-a-multidimensional-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5991</span> Impacts of Financial Development and Operational Scale on Bank Efficiencies in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Hsiu%20Chen">Ying-Hsiu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pao-Peng%20Hsu"> Pao-Peng Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper adopts a two-stage data envelopment analysis to explore the impacts of financial development and bank operational scale on bank efficiencies. The sample comprises of unbalanced panel data of 32 Taiwanese enlisted in domestic commercial banks over the period 1998 to 2013. Empirical results show that technical efficiency is positively related to financial development, whereas the effect of financial development on scale efficiency is insignificant. The effect of operational scale exerts a significantly positive effect on bank efficiencies, but the gain of efficiency is decreased gradually when operational scale increases. Furthermore, increase in capital adequacy ratio and market power of banks leads to a growth of bank efficiencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20development" title="financial development">financial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20scale" title=" operational scale"> operational scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title=" DEA"> DEA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25476/impacts-of-financial-development-and-operational-scale-on-bank-efficiencies-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5990</span> Prediction of Fire Growth of the Office by Real-Scale Fire Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kweon%20Oh-Sang">Kweon Oh-Sang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Heung-Youl"> Kim Heung-Youl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Estimating the engineering properties of fires is important to be prepared for the complex and various fire risks of large-scale structures such as super-tall buildings, large stadiums, and multi-purpose structures. In this study, a mock-up of a compartment which was 2.4(L) x 3.6 (W) x 2.4 (H) meter in dimensions was fabricated at the 10MW LSC (Large Scale Calorimeter) and combustible office supplies were placed in the compartment for a real-scale fire test. Maximum heat release rate was 4.1 MW and total energy release obtained through the application of t2 fire growth rate was 6705.9 MJ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20growth" title="fire growth">fire growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20experiment" title=" fire experiment"> fire experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t2%20curve" title=" t2 curve"> t2 curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20scale%20calorimeter" title=" large scale calorimeter"> large scale calorimeter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50330/prediction-of-fire-growth-of-the-office-by-real-scale-fire-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5989</span> Pilot Scale Deproteinization Study on Fish Scale Using Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Bellali">Fatima Bellali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariem%20Kharroubi"> Mariem Kharroubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fish scale wastes are one of the main sources of production of value-added products such as collagen. The main aim of this study is to investigate the optimization conditions of the sardine scale deproteinization using response surface methodology (RSM) on a pilot scale. In order to look for the optimal conditions, a Box–Behnken-based design of experiment (DOE) method was carried out. The model predicted values of product coal ash content were in good agreement with the experiment values (R2 = 0.9813). Finally, model-based optimization was carried out to identify the operating parameters (reaction time=4h and the solid-liquid ratio= 1/10) and to obtain the lowest collagen content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilot%20scale" title="pilot scale">pilot scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plackett%20and%20Burman%20design" title=" Plackett and Burman design"> Plackett and Burman design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20waste" title=" fish waste"> fish waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deproteinization" title=" deproteinization"> deproteinization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154258/pilot-scale-deproteinization-study-on-fish-scale-using-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5988</span> Analysis of Efficiency Production of Grass Black Jelly (Mesona palustris) in Double Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvan%20Adhin%20Cholilie">Irvan Adhin Cholilie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susinggih%20Wijana"> Susinggih Wijana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusron%20Sugiarto"> Yusron Sugiarto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to compare the results of black grass jelly produced using laboratory scale and double scale. In this research, the production from the laboratory scale is using ingredients of 1 kg black grass jelly added with 5 liters of water, while the double scale is using 5 kg black grass jelly and 75 liters of water. The results of organoleptic tests performed by 30 panelists (general) to the sample gels of grass black powder produced from both of laboratory and double scale are not different significantly in color, odor, flavor, and texture. Proximate test results conducted in both of grass black jelly powder produced in laboratory scale and double scale also have no significant differences in all parameters. Grass black jelly powder from double scale contains water, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and yield in the amount of 12,25 %; 43,7 %; 5,89 %; and 16,28 % respectively. The results of the energy efficiency analysis by boiling, draining, evaporation, drying, and milling processes are 85,11 %; 76,97 %; 99,64 %; 99,99% and 99,39% respectively. The utility needs including water needs for each batch amounted 0.1 m3 and cost Rp 220,5 per batch, the electricity needs for each batch is 20.01 kWh and cost Rp 18569.28 per batch, and LPG needs for each batch is 30 kg costed Rp 234,000.00 so that the total cost spent for the process is Rp 252,789.78 . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20grass%20jelly" title="black grass jelly">black grass jelly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20balance" title=" mass balance"> mass balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20balance" title=" energy balance"> energy balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21463/analysis-of-efficiency-production-of-grass-black-jelly-mesona-palustris-in-double-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5987</span> Comparative Study of Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation on Titanium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Yadav">Poonam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isothermal oxidation at 800°C for 50h and Cyclic oxidation at 600°C and 800°C for 40h of Pure Ti and Ti64 were performed in a muffle furnace. In Cyclic oxidation, massive scale spallation occurred, and the oxide scale cracks and peels off were observed at high temperature, it represents oxide scale that formed during cyclic oxidation was spalled out owing to stresses due to thermal shock generated during repetitive oxidation and subsequent cooling. The thickness of scale is larger in cyclic oxidation than the isothermal case. This is due to inward diffusion of oxygen through oxide scales and/or pores and cracks in cyclic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title="cyclic">cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal"> isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title=" cyclic"> cyclic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120/comparative-study-of-isothermal-and-cyclic-oxidation-on-titanium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">919</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5986</span> Adjustment and Scale-Up Strategy of Pilot Liquid Fermentation Process of Azotobacter sp.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Quiroga-Cubides">G. Quiroga-Cubides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D%C3%ADaz"> A. Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%B3mez"> M. Gómez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The genus <em>Azotobacter</em> has been widely used as bio-fertilizer due to its significant effects on the stimulation and promotion of plant growth in various agricultural species of commercial interest. In order to obtain significantly viable cellular concentration, a scale-up strategy for a liquid fermentation process (SmF) with two strains of <em>A. chroococcum </em>(named Ac1 and Ac10) was validated and adjusted at laboratory and pilot scale. A batch fermentation process under previously defined conditions was carried out on a biorreactor Infors®, model Minifors of 3.5 L, which served as a baseline for this research. For the purpose of increasing process efficiency, the effect of the reduction of stirring speed was evaluated in combination with a fed-batch-type fermentation laboratory scale. To reproduce the efficiency parameters obtained, a scale-up strategy with geometric and fluid dynamic behavior similarities was evaluated. According to the analysis of variance, this scale-up strategy did not have significant effect on cellular concentration and in laboratory and pilot fermentations (Tukey, p > 0.05). Regarding air consumption, fermentation process at pilot scale showed a reduction of 23% versus the baseline. The percentage of reduction related to energy consumption reduction under laboratory and pilot scale conditions was 96.9% compared with baseline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azotobacter%20chroococcum" title="Azotobacter chroococcum">Azotobacter chroococcum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale-up" title=" scale-up"> scale-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20fermentation" title=" liquid fermentation"> liquid fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fed-batch%20process" title=" fed-batch process"> fed-batch process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57291/adjustment-and-scale-up-strategy-of-pilot-liquid-fermentation-process-of-azotobacter-sp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5985</span> Scaling-Down an Agricultural Waste Biogas Plant Fermenter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20%20Pessoa">Matheus Pessoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Kraume"> Matthias Kraume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scale-Down rules in process engineering help us to improve and develop Industrial scale parameters into lab scale. Several scale-down rules available in the literature like Impeller Power Number, Agitation device Power Input, Substrate Tip Speed, Reynolds Number and Cavern Development were investigated in order to stipulate the rotational speed to operate an 11 L working volume lab-scale bioreactor within industrial process parameters. Herein, xanthan gum was used as a fluid with a representative viscosity of a hypothetical biogas plant, with H/D = 1 and central agitation, fermentation broth using sewage sludge and sugar beet pulp as substrate. The results showed that the cavern development strategy was the best method for establishing a rotational speed for the bioreactor operation, while the other rules presented values out of reality for this article proposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavern%20development" title=" cavern development"> cavern development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20down%20rules" title=" scale down rules"> scale down rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthan%20gum" title=" xanthan gum"> xanthan gum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66465/scaling-down-an-agricultural-waste-biogas-plant-fermenter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5984</span> A Comparative Performance of Polyaspartic Acid and Sodium Polyacrylate on Silicate Scale Inhibition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Bin%20Mohd%20Saaid">Ismail Bin Mohd Saaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Abubakar%20Umar"> Abubakar Abubakar Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the successes recorded by Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) flooding as an effective chemical EOR technique, the combination CEOR is not unassociated with stern glitches, one of which is the scaling of downhole equipment. One of the major issues inside the oil industry is how to control scale formation, regardless of whether it is in the wellhead equipment, down-hole pipelines or even the actual field formation. The best approach to handle the challenge associated with oilfield scale formation is the application of scale inhibitors to avert the scale formation. Chemical inhibitors have been employed in doing such. But due to environmental regulations, the industry have focused on using green scale inhibitors to mitigate the formation of scales. This paper compares the scale inhibition performance of Polyaspartic acid and sodium polyacrylic acid, both commercial green scale inhibitors, in mitigating silicate scales formed during Alkaline/Surfactant/polymer flooding under static conditions. Both PASP and TH5000 are non-threshold inhibitors, therefore their efficiency was only seeing in delaying the deposition of the silicate scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%2Fsurfactant%2Fpolymer%20flooding%20%28ASP%29" title="alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding (ASP)">alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding (ASP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaspartic%20acid%20%28PASP%29" title=" polyaspartic acid (PASP)"> polyaspartic acid (PASP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20polyacrylate%20%28SPA%29" title=" sodium polyacrylate (SPA)"> sodium polyacrylate (SPA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29025/a-comparative-performance-of-polyaspartic-acid-and-sodium-polyacrylate-on-silicate-scale-inhibition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5983</span> Effects of Employees’ Training Program on the Performance of Small Scale Enterprises in Oyo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itiola%20Kehinde%20Adeniran">Itiola Kehinde Adeniran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined the effect of employees’ training on the performance of small scale enterprises in Oyo State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 respondents through purposive sampling method. Linear regression was used with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 to analyze the data collected in order to examine the effect of independent variable, employees’ training on dependent variable, performance (profit) of small scale enterprises. The result revealed that employees’ training has a significant effect on the performance of small scale enterprises. It was concluded that predictor variable namely (training) is 55.5% variance of enterprises performance (profitability). Therefore, the paper recommended that all small scale enterprises in Nigeria should embrace manpower training and development in order to improve employees’ performance leading to organizational profitability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title="training">training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20performance" title=" employee performance"> employee performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20scale%20enterprise" title=" small scale enterprise"> small scale enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20profitability" title=" organizational profitability "> organizational profitability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34169/effects-of-employees-training-program-on-the-performance-of-small-scale-enterprises-in-oyo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5982</span> Spatial Scale of Clustering of Residential Burglary and Its Dependence on Temporal Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Alazawi">Mohammed A. Alazawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiguo%20Jiang"> Shiguo Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20F.%20Messner"> Steven F. Messner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research has long focused on two main spatial aspects of crime: spatial patterns and spatial processes. When analyzing these patterns and processes, a key issue has been to determine the proper spatial scale. In addition, it is important to consider the possibility that these patterns and processes might differ appreciably for different temporal scales and might vary across geographic units of analysis. We examine the spatial-temporal dependence of residential burglary. This dependence is tested at varying geographical scales and temporal aggregations. The analyses are based on recorded incidents of crime in Columbus, Ohio during the 1994-2002 period. We implement point pattern analysis on the crime points using Ripley’s K function. The results indicate that spatial point patterns of residential burglary reveal spatial scales of clustering relatively larger than the average size of census tracts of the study area. Also, spatial scale is independent of temporal scale. The results of our analyses concerning the geographic scale of spatial patterns and processes can inform the development of effective policies for crime control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhomogeneous%20K%20function" title="inhomogeneous K function">inhomogeneous K function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20burglary" title=" residential burglary"> residential burglary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20point%20pattern" title=" spatial point pattern"> spatial point pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20scale" title=" spatial scale"> spatial scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20scale" title=" temporal scale"> temporal scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92371/spatial-scale-of-clustering-of-residential-burglary-and-its-dependence-on-temporal-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5981</span> Produced Water Treatment Using Novel Solid Scale Inhibitors Based on Silver Tungstate Loaded Kit-6: Static and Modeling Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hosny">R. Hosny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20F.%20Mubarak"> Mahmoud F. Mubarak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20M.%20Salem"> Heba M. Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20A.%20Abdelrahman"> Asmaa A. Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oilfield scaling is a major problem in the oil and gas industry. Scale issues cost the industry millions of dollars in damage and lost production every year. One of the main causes of global production decline is scale. In this study, solid scale inhibitors based on silver tungstate loaded KIT-6 were synthesized and evaluated in both static and scale inhibition modeling. The silver tungstate loaded KIT-6 catalysts were synthesized via a simple impregnated method using 3D mesoporous KIT-6 as support. The synthesized materials were characterized using wide and low XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, TGA analysis, and FTIR, SEM, and XPS analysis. The scale inhibition efficiency of the synthesized materials was evaluated using a static scale inhibition test. The results of this study demonstrate the potential application of silver tungstate-loaded KIT-6 solid scale inhibitors for the oil and gas industry. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new and innovative solid scale inhibitors based on silver tungstate-loaded KIT-6. The inhibition efficiency of the scale inhibitor increases, and calcite scale inhibitor decreases with increasing pH (2 to8), it proposes that the scale inhibitor was more effective under alkaline conditions. An inhibition efficiency of 99% on calcium carbonate can be achieved at the optimal dosage of 7.5 ppm at 55oC, indicating that the scale inhibitor exhibits a relatively good inhibition performance on calcium carbonate. The use of these materials can potentially lead to more efficient and cost-effective solutions for scaling inhibition in various industrial processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=produced%20water%20treatment" title="produced water treatment">produced water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20scale%20inhibitors" title=" solid scale inhibitors"> solid scale inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcite" title=" calcite"> calcite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20tungestate" title=" silver tungestate"> silver tungestate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3%20D%20mesoporous%20KIT-6" title=" 3 D mesoporous KIT-6"> 3 D mesoporous KIT-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oilfield%20scales" title=" oilfield scales"> oilfield scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171177/produced-water-treatment-using-novel-solid-scale-inhibitors-based-on-silver-tungstate-loaded-kit-6-static-and-modeling-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karolinska%20sleepiness%20scale&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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