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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 First term as governor of New Zealand </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First term as governor of New Zealand subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hōne_Heke_and_the_Flagstaff_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hōne_Heke_and_the_Flagstaff_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Hōne Heke and the Flagstaff War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hōne_Heke_and_the_Flagstaff_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ngati_Rangatahi_and_Hutt_Valley_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ngati_Rangatahi_and_Hutt_Valley_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ngati Rangatahi and Hutt Valley campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ngati_Rangatahi_and_Hutt_Valley_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_at_Auckland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_at_Auckland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Government at Auckland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_at_Auckland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-government_and_Constitution_Acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-government_and_Constitution_Acts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Self-government and Constitution Acts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-government_and_Constitution_Acts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treaty_obligations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_obligations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Treaty obligations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_obligations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_of_Grey's_first_term_as_Governor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_of_Grey's_first_term_as_Governor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Legacy of Grey's first term as Governor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_of_Grey's_first_term_as_Governor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_Cape_Colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_Cape_Colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Governor of Cape Colony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_Cape_Colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Second term as governor of New Zealand </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Second term as governor of New Zealand subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Second_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Invasion_of_the_Waikato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_of_the_Waikato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Invasion of the Waikato </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_of_the_Waikato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Return to England </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premier_of_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Premier of New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premier_of_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_and_institutions_named_after_Grey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_and_institutions_named_after_Grey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Places and institutions named after Grey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_and_institutions_named_after_Grey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxa_named_after_Grey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxa_named_after_Grey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Taxa named after Grey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxa_named_after_Grey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture_and_depiction_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture_and_depiction_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Popular culture and depiction in art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture_and_depiction_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Coat of arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_Herald_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_Herald_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 From the Herald archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_Herald_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">George Grey</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" > 20 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="جورج غري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج غري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Джордж Грей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джордж Грей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Edward_Grey" title="George Edward Grey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Edward Grey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Ջորջ Գրեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջորջ Գրեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="ג'ורג' גריי (ניו זילנד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' גריי (ניו זילנד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dri_Kerei" title="Hōri Kerei – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hōri Kerei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="چورچ جراى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چورچ جراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Edward_Grey" title="George Edward Grey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Edward Grey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Edward_Grey" title="George Edward Grey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Edward Grey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Грей, Джордж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грей, Джордж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Grey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="乔治·格雷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer (1812–1898)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/George_Grey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="George Grey (disambiguation)">George Grey (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="George Gray (disambiguation)">George Gray (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir George Grey</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">KCB</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg/220px-GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg/330px-GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="606" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Sir George Grey in 1861</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">11th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 13 October 1877 – 8 October 1879</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Phipps,_2nd_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby">George Phipps</a> <a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Hercules Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Harry Atkinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">John Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of New Zealand">Governor of New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 November 1845 – 3 January 1854</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Victoria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">Robert FitzRoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Thomas Gore Browne</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 December 1861<a href="#cite_note-Grey1861-1">[1]</a> – 5 February 1868</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Victoria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">William Fox</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Alfred Domett</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Frederick Whitaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Frederick Weld</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Edward Stafford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Sir Thomas Gore Browne</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">George Bowen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Governor of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1854–1861</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Victoria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Cathcart" title="George Cathcart">George Cathcart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Darling" title="Charles Henry Darling">Charles Henry Darling</a> acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wodehouse_(colonial_administrator)" title="Philip Wodehouse (colonial administrator)">Philip Wodehouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynyard" title="Robert Wynyard">Robert Wynyard</a> acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 May 1841 – 25 October 1845</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Victoria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Gawler" title="George Gawler">George Gawler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Robe" title="Frederick Robe">Frederick Robe</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1812-04-14)14 April 1812 <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Kingdom of Portugal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 September 1898(1898-09-19) (aged 86) <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Grey" title="Eliza Grey">Eliza Spencer</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1839; died 1898)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Gray_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Gray (New Zealand politician)">John Gray</a> (uncle)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Grammar_School,_Guildford" title="Royal Grammar School, Guildford">Royal Grammar School, Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military College, Sandhurst">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</a></li></ul> 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href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wairau_Affray" title="Wairau Affray">Wairau Affray</a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Flagstaff War</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutt_Valley_campaign" title="Hutt Valley campaign">Hutt Valley campaign</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_campaign" title="Whanganui campaign">Whanganui campaign</a> (1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taranaki_War" title="First Taranaki War">First Taranaki War</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">Invasion of the Waikato</a> (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga_campaign" title="Tauranga campaign">Tauranga campaign</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taranaki_War" title="Second Taranaki War">Second Taranaki War</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cape_War" title="East Cape War">East Cape War</a> (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru%27s_War" title="Tītokowaru's War">Tītokowaru's War</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Kooti%27s_War" title="Te Kooti's War">Te Kooti's War</a> (1868–1872)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Sir George Grey, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">KCB</a> (14 April 1812 – 19 September 1898) was a British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer. He served in a succession of governing positions: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a>, twice <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Colony_from_1806_to_1870#Sir_George_Grey's_governorship_(1854-1870)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870">Governor of Cape Colony</a>, and the 11th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">premier of New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> He played a key role in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">colonisation of New Zealand</a>, and both the purchase and <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Whenua" class="mw-redirect" title="Whenua">Māori land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">[3]</a> Grey was born in Lisbon, Portugal, just a few days after his father, Lieutenant-Colonel George Grey, was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Battle of Badajoz</a> in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> He was educated in England. After military service (1829–37) and two explorations in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (1837–39), Grey became Governor of <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia" title="History of South Australia">South Australia</a> in 1841. He oversaw the colony during a difficult formative period. Despite being less hands-on than his predecessor <a href="/wiki/George_Gawler" title="George Gawler">George Gawler</a>, his fiscally responsible measures ensured the colony was in good shape by the time he departed for New Zealand in 1845.<a href="#cite_note-H._Pitt_1972_pp_43-81-4">[4]</a> Grey was the most influential figure during the European settlement of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Governor of New Zealand initially from 1845 to 1853,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> he was governor during the initial stages of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a>. Learning Māori to fluency, he became a scholar of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a>, compiling <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori mythology</a> and oral history and publishing <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Mythology_(book)" title="Polynesian Mythology (book)">it in translation</a> in London. He developed a cordial relationship with the powerful rangatira <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dtatau_Te_Wherowhero" title="Pōtatau Te Wherowhero">Pōtatau Te Wherowhero</a> of <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Tainui" title="Waikato Tainui">Tainui</a>, in order to deter <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> from invading <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">[3]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Knighted" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighted">knighted</a> in 1848. In 1854, Grey was appointed Governor of Cape Colony in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, where his resolution of hostilities between indigenous South Africans and European settlers was praised by both sides. After separating from his wife and developing a severe <a href="/wiki/Opioid_use_disorder" title="Opioid use disorder">opium addiction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">[3]</a> Grey was again appointed Governor of New Zealand in 1861, three years after Te Wherowhero, who had established himself the first <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King</a> in Grey’s absence, had died. The Kiingitanga (Maori King) posed a significant challenge to the British push for sovereignty, and with his Ngāpuhi absent from the movement, Grey found himself challenged on two sides. He struggled to reuse his skills in negotiation to maintain peace with Māori, and his relationship with Te Wherowhero's successor <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81whiao" title="Tāwhiao">Tāwhiao</a> deeply soured.<a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">[3]</a> Turning on his former allies, Grey began an aggressive crackdown on Tainui and launched the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">Invasion of the Waikato</a> in 1863, with 14,000 <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Victorian_Era" title="British Army during the Victorian Era">Imperial</a> and colonial troops attacking 4,000 Māori and their families.<a href="#cite_note-Belich2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-inglorious3-7">[7]</a> Appointed in 1877, he served as Premier of New Zealand until 1879, where he remained a symbol of colonialism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> By political philosophy a <a href="/wiki/Gladstonian_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladstonian liberal">Gladstonian liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgist" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgist">Georgist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Grey eschewed the class system to be part of Auckland's new governance he helped to establish. Cyril Hamshere argues that Grey was a "great British proconsul", although he was also temperamental, demanding of associates, and lacking in some managerial abilities.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> For the wars of territorial expansion against Māori which he started, he remains a controversial and divisive figure in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Grey was born in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>, the only son of Lieutenant-Colonel George Grey, of the <a href="/wiki/30th_(Cambridgeshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot">30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot</a>, who was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Battle of Badajoz</a> in Spain just a few days before.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> His mother, Elizabeth Anne <a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Vignoles,<a href="#cite_note-AusDB-11">[11]</a> on the balcony of her hotel in Lisbon, overheard two officers speak of her husband's death and this brought on the premature birth of the child. She was the daughter of a retired soldier<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> turned Irish clergyman, Major later Reverend John Vignoles. Grey's grandfather was Owen Wynne Gray (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1745 – 6 January 1819). Grey's uncle was <a href="/wiki/John_Gray_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Gray (New Zealand politician)">John Gray</a>, who was Owen Wynne Gray's son from his second marriage.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Grey was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Grammar_School,_Guildford" title="Royal Grammar School, Guildford">Royal Grammar School, Guildford</a> in Surrey,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military College, Sandhurst">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</a> in 1826.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> Early in 1830, he was gazetted ensign in the <a href="/wiki/83rd_(County_of_Dublin)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot">83rd Regiment of Foot</a>. In 1830, his regiment having been sent to Ireland, he developed much sympathy with the Irish peasantry whose misery made a great impression on him. He was promoted lieutenant in 1833 and obtained a first-class certificate at the examinations of the Royal Military College, in 1836.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</div> In 1837, at the age of 25, Grey led an ill-prepared expedition that explored <a href="/wiki/North-West_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Australia">North-West Australia</a>. British settlers in Australia at the time knew little of the region and only one member of Grey's party had been there before. It was believed possible at that time that one of the world's largest rivers might drain into the Indian Ocean in North-West Australia; if that were found to be the case, the region it flowed through might be suitable for colonisation. Grey, with Lieutenant Franklin Lushington, of the <a href="/wiki/9th_(East_Norfolk)_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot">9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot</a>, offered to explore the region. On 5 July 1837, they sailed from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> in command of a party of five, the others being Lushington; Dr William Walker, a surgeon and naturalist; and Corporals John Coles and Richard Auger of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sappers_and_Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Sappers and Miners">Royal Sappers and Miners</a>. Joining the party at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> were Sapper Private Robert Mustard, J.C. Cox, Thomas Ruston, Evan Edwards, Henry Williams, and Robert Inglesby. In December they landed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanover_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanover Bay (page does not exist)">Hanover Bay</a> (west of <a href="/wiki/Uwins_Island" title="Uwins Island">Uwins Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bonaparte_Archipelago" title="Bonaparte Archipelago">Bonaparte Archipelago</a>). Travelling south, the party traced the course of the <a href="/wiki/Glenelg_River_(Western_Australia)" title="Glenelg River (Western Australia)">Glenelg River</a>. After experiencing boat wrecks, near-drowning, becoming completely lost, and Grey himself being speared in the hip during a skirmish with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aboriginal people</a>, the party gave up. After being picked up by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS Beagle</a> and the schooner Lynher, they were taken to <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> to recover. Lieutenant Lushington was then mobilised to rejoin his regiment in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a>. In September 1838 Grey sailed to Perth hoping to resume his adventures.<a href="#cite_note-AusDB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-grey1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-favenc-19">[19]</a> In February 1839 Grey embarked on a second exploration expedition to the north, where he was again wrecked with his party, again including Surgeon Walker, at <a href="/wiki/Kalbarri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalbarri">Kalbarri</a>. They were the first Europeans to see the <a href="/wiki/Murchison_River_(Western_Australia)" title="Murchison River (Western Australia)">Murchison River</a>, but then had to walk to <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a>, surviving the journey through the efforts of Kaiber, a <a href="/wiki/Whadjuk" title="Whadjuk">Whadjuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Noongar" title="Noongar">Noongar</a> man (that is, indigenous to the Perth region), who organised food and what water could be found (they survived by drinking liquid mud). At about this time, Grey learnt the <a href="/wiki/Noongar_language" title="Noongar language">Noongar language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AusDB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-grey2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-cygnet-22">[22]</a> Due to his interest in Aboriginal culture in July 1839, Grey was promoted to captain and appointed temporary <a href="/wiki/Resident_Magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident Magistrate">Resident Magistrate</a> at <a href="/wiki/King_George_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="King George Sound">King George Sound</a>, Western Australia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> following the death of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Spencer_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Richard Spencer (Royal Navy officer)">Richard Spencer</a>, the previous Resident Magistrate.<a href="#cite_note-TTR-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and children">edit</a>]</div> On 2 November 1839 at King George Sound, Grey married <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Lucy_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliza Lucy Spencer">Eliza Lucy Spencer</a> (1822–1898), daughter of the late Government Resident, Sir Richard Spencer.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Their only child, born in 1841 in South Australia, died aged five months and was buried at the <a href="/wiki/West_Terrace_Cemetery" title="West Terrace Cemetery">West Terrace Cemetery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> It was not a happy marriage. Grey, obstinate in his domestic affairs as in his first expedition, accused his wife unjustly of flirting with Rear-Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Keppel" title="Henry Keppel">Henry Keppel</a> on the voyage to Cape Town taken in 1860; he sent her away. Per her obituary, she was an avid walker, reader of literature, devout churchwoman, exceptional hostess and valued friend in her life away from him. It was noted that she had keen insight into character.<a href="#cite_note-AusDB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> After their separation, Grey began the habitual abuse of <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, and struggled to regain his tenacity in maintaining peace between <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous people</a> and British colonisers.<a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">[3]</a> Grey adopted Annie Maria Matthews (1853–1938) in 1861, following the death of her father, his half-brother, Sir Godfrey Thomas.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kawau_family_reunion-28">[28]</a> She married <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Thorne_George" title="Seymour Thorne George">Seymour Thorne George</a><a href="#cite_note-Grey_DoC_bio-29">[29]</a> on 3 December 1872 on <a href="/wiki/Kawau_Island" title="Kawau Island">Kawau Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-marriage_George_Grey-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_South_Australia">Governor of South Australia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor of South Australia">edit</a>]</div> Grey was the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a>, from May 1841 to October 1845. <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">Lord John Russell</a>, was impressed by Grey's report on governing indigenous people. This led to Grey's appointment as governor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">[2]</a> Grey replaced <a href="/wiki/George_Gawler" title="George Gawler">George Gawler</a>, under whose stewardship the colony had become bankrupt through massive spending on public infrastructure. Gawler was also held responsible for the illegal retribution exacted by Major <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shuldham_O%27Halloran" title="Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran">Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran</a> on an Aboriginal tribe, some of whose members had murdered all 25 survivors of the <a href="/wiki/Maria_(brigantine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria (brigantine)">Maria</a> shipwreck. Grey was governor during another mass murder: the <a href="/wiki/Rufus_River_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufus River Massacre">Rufus River Massacre</a>, of at least 30 Aboriginals, by Europeans, on 27 August 1841.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Governor Grey sharply cut spending. The colony soon had full employment, and exports of primary products were increasing. Systematic emigration was resumed at the end of 1844.<a href="#cite_note-H._Pitt_1972_pp_43-81-4">[4]</a> Gawler, to whom Grey ascribed every problem in the colony,<a href="#cite_note-AusDB-11">[11]</a> undertook projects to alleviate unemployment that were of lasting value. The real salvation of the colony's finances was the discovery of copper at <a href="/wiki/Burra,_South_Australia" title="Burra, South Australia">Burra Burra</a> in 1845.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aboriginal_Witnesses_Act">Aboriginal Witnesses Act</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aboriginal Witnesses Act">edit</a>]</div> In 1844, Grey enacted a series ordinances and amendments first entitled the Aborigines' Evidence Act and later known as the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Witnesses_Act" title="Aboriginal Witnesses Act">Aboriginal Witnesses Act</a>. The act, which was created to "facilitate the admission of the unsworn testimony of Aboriginal inhabitants of South Australia and parts adjacent", stipulated that <a href="/wiki/Under_oath" class="mw-redirect" title="Under oath">unsworn</a> testimony given by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Australian Aboriginals</a> would be inadmissible in court. A major consequence of the act in the following decades in Australian history was the frequent dismissal of evidence given by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="List of massacres of Indigenous Australians">massacres</a> perpetrated against them by <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">European settlers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-acts-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand">First term as governor of New Zealand</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First term as governor of New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> Grey served as Governor of <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> twice: from <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1840s" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">1845</a> to <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1850s" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">1853</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1860s" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">1861</a> to 1868. During this time, <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">European settlement</a> accelerated, and in 1859 the number of <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> came to equal the number of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, at around 60,000 each. Settlers were keen to obtain land and some Māori were willing to sell, but there were also strong pressures to retain land – in particular from the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a>. Grey had to manage the demand for land for the settlers to farm and the commitments in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> that the Māori chiefs retained full "exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties." The treaty also specifies that Māori will sell land only to the Crown. The potential for conflict between the Māori and settlers was exacerbated as the British authorities progressively eased restrictions on land sales after an agreement at the end of 1840 between the company and Colonial Secretary <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">Lord John Russell</a>, which provided for land purchases by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a> from the Crown at a discount price, and a charter to buy and sell land under government supervision. Money raised by the government from sales to the company would be spent on assisting migration to New Zealand. The agreement was hailed by the company as "all that we could desire ... our Company is really to be the agent of the state for colonizing NZ."<a href="#cite_note-Burns-35">[35]</a> The Government waived its right of pre-emption in the Wellington region, Wanganui and New Plymouth in September 1841. Following his term as Governor of South Australia, Grey was appointed the third Governor of New Zealand in 1845.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a> During the tenure of his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">Robert FitzRoy</a>, violence over land ownership had broken out in the <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Valley" title="Wairau Valley">Wairau Valley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> in June 1843, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Affray" title="Wairau Affray">Wairau Affray</a> (FitzRoy was later dismissed from office by the Colonial Office for his handling of land issues).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200637-36">[36]</a> It was only in 1846 that the war leader <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a> was arrested and imprisoned by Governor Grey without charge, which remained controversial amongst the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> people. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hōne_Heke_and_the_Flagstaff_War">Hōne Heke and the Flagstaff War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hōne Heke and the Flagstaff War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg/170px-Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg/255px-Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg/340px-Gilfillan_hone_heke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of Hōne Heke, who opposed Grey's governorship</figcaption></figure> In March 1845, Māori chief <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dne_Heke" title="Hōne Heke">Hōne Heke</a> began the <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Flagstaff War</a>, the causes of which can be attributed to the conflict between what the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> understood to be the meaning of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> (1840) and the actions of succeeding governors of asserting authority over the Māori. On 18 November 1845 George Grey arrived in New Zealand to take up his appointment as governor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> where he was greeted by outgoing Governor FitzRoy, who worked amicably with Grey before departing in January 1846.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200637-36">[36]</a> At this time, Hōne Heke challenged the British authorities, beginning by cutting down the flagstaff on <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_Hill,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff Hill, New Zealand">Flagstaff Hill</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kororareka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kororareka">Kororareka</a>. On this flagstaff the flag of the <a href="/wiki/United_Tribes_of_New_Zealand" title="United Tribes of New Zealand">United Tribes of New Zealand</a> had previously flown; now the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> was hoisted; hence the flagstaff symbolised the grievances of Heke and his ally <a href="/wiki/Te_Ruki_Kawiti" title="Te Ruki Kawiti">Te Ruki Kawiti</a>, as to changes that had followed the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>. There were many <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War#Causes" title="Flagstaff War">causes of the Flagstaff War</a> and Heke had a number of <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War#Grievance_of_the_Ngāpuhi" title="Flagstaff War">grievances in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(missionary)#Controversy_over_land_purchases" title="Henry Williams (missionary)">land acquisition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Church_Missionary_Society" title="New Zealand Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a> (CMS) were politicised, the rebellion led by Heke was directed against the colonial forces with the CMS missionaries trying to persuade Heke to end the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-CARv2-4-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAR87-38">[38]</a> Despite the fact that <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a> and most of Ngāpuhi sided with the government, the small and ineptly led British had been beaten at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohaeawai" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ohaeawai">Battle of Ohaeawai</a>. Backed by financial support, far more troops, armed with 32-pounder cannons that had been denied to FitzRoy, Grey ordered the attack on <a href="/wiki/Kawiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawiti">Kawiti</a>'s fortress at <a href="/wiki/Ruapekapeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruapekapeka">Ruapekapeka</a> on 31 December 1845.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> This forced Kawiti to retreat. Ngāpuhi were astonished that the British could keep an army of nearly 1,000 soldiers in the field continuously. Heke's confidence waned after he was wounded in battle with <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a> and his warriors, and by the realisation that the British had far more resources than he could muster; his enemies included some <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81_M%C4%81ori" title="Pākehā Māori">Pākehā Māori</a> supporting colonial forces.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> After the Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke and Kawiti were ready for peace.<a href="#cite_note-TW-40">[40]</a> It was Tāmati Wāka Nene they approached to act as intermediary in negotiations with Governor Grey, who accepted the advice of Nene that Heke and Kawiti should not be punished for their rebellion. The fighting in the north ended and there was no punitive confiscation of Ngāpuhi land.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ngati_Rangatahi_and_Hutt_Valley_campaign">Ngati Rangatahi and Hutt Valley campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ngati Rangatahi and Hutt Valley campaign">edit</a>]</div> Colonists arrived at Port Nicholson, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> in November 1839 in ships charted by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a>. Within months the New Zealand Company purported to purchase approximately 20 million acres (8 million hectares) in <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a>, Wellington, <a href="/wiki/Whanganui" title="Whanganui">Whanganui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>. Disputes arose as to the validity of purchases of land, which remained unresolved when Grey became governor.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The company saw itself as a prospective government of New Zealand and in 1845 and 1846 proposed splitting the colony in two, along a line from <a href="/wiki/Mokau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokau">Mokau</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Kidnappers" title="Cape Kidnappers">Cape Kidnappers</a> in the east – with the north reserved for Māori and missionaries. The south would become a self-governing province, known as "New Victoria" and managed by the company for that purpose. Britain's <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a> rejected the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-Burns-35">[35]</a> The company was known for its vigorous attacks on those it perceived as its opponents – the British <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>, successive governors of New Zealand, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Church_Missionary_Society" title="New Zealand Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a> (CMS) that was led by the Reverend <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(missionary)" title="Henry Williams (missionary)">Henry Williams</a>. Williams attempted to interfere with the land purchasing practices of the company,<a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-2-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-3-44">[44]</a> which exacerbated the ill-will that was directed at the CMS by the Company in Wellington and the promoters of colonisation in Auckland who had access to the Governor and to the newspapers that had started publication.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Unresolved land disputes that had resulted from New Zealand Company operations erupted into fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Hutt_Valley" title="Hutt Valley">Hutt Valley</a> in 1846. The Ngati Rangatahi were determined to retain possession of their land. They assembled a force of about 200 warriors led by <a href="/wiki/Te_Rangihaeata" title="Te Rangihaeata">Te Rangihaeata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a>'s nephew (son of his sister Waitohi, died 1839), also the person who had killed unarmed captives in <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Affray" title="Wairau Affray">Wairau Affray</a>. Governor Grey moved troops into the area and by February had assembled nearly a thousand men together with some Māori allies from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_%C4%80ti_Awa_hapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te Āti Awa hapu (page does not exist)">Te Āti Awa hapu</a> to begin the <a href="/wiki/Hutt_Valley_campaign" title="Hutt Valley campaign">Hutt Valley campaign</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Māori attacked Taita on 3 March 1846, but were repulsed by a company of the 96th Regiment. The same day Grey declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in the Wellington area.<a href="#cite_note-NZhist1-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(missionary)" title="Richard Taylor (missionary)">Richard Taylor</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">CMS missionary</a> from <a href="/wiki/Whanganui" title="Whanganui">Whanganui</a>, attempted to persuade the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tama" title="Ngāti Tama">Ngāti Tama</a> and Ngāti Rangatahi to leave the disputed land. Eventually Grey paid compensation for the potato crop they had planted on the land. He also gave them 300 acres at <a href="/wiki/Kaiwharawhara" title="Kaiwharawhara">Kaiwharawhara</a> by the modern ferry terminal. Chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taringakuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taringakuri (page does not exist)">Taringakuri</a> agreed to these terms. But when the settlers tried to move onto the land they were frightened off.<a href="#cite_note-Kupe._R._McIntyre_2012_p_51-46">[46]</a> On 27 February the British and their Te Ati Awa allies burnt the Māori <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">Pā</a> at Maraenuku in the Hutt Valley, which had been built on land that the settlers claimed to own. The Ngati Rangatahi retaliated on 1 and 3 March by raiding settlers' farms, destroying furniture, smashing windows, killing pigs, and threatening the settlers with death if they gave the alarm. They murdered Andrew Gillespie and his son.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> 13 families of settlers moved into Wellington for safety. Governor Grey proclaimed martial law on 3 March. Sporadic fighting continued, including a major attack on a defended position at Boulcott's Farm on 6 May.<a href="#cite_note-Kupe._R._McIntyre_2012_p_51-46">[46]</a> On 6 August 1846, one of the last engagements was fought – the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Battle_Hill" title="Battle of Battle Hill">Battle of Battle Hill</a> – after which Te Rangihaeata left the area. The Hutt Valley campaign was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Whanganui_campaign" title="Whanganui campaign">Wanganui campaign</a> from April to July 1847.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In January 1846 fifteen chiefs of the area, including Te Rauparaha, had sent a combined letter to the newly arrived Governor Grey, pledging their loyalty to the British Crown. After intercepting letters from <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a>, Grey realised he was playing a double game. He was receiving and sending secret instructions to the local Māori who were attacking settlers. In a surprise attack on his pā at Taupo (now named <a href="/wiki/Plimmerton" title="Plimmerton">Plimmerton</a>) at dawn on 23 July, Te Rauparaha, who was now quite elderly, was captured and taken prisoner.<a href="#cite_note-Dom1907-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZhist2-49">[49]</a> The justification given for his arrest was weapons supplied to Māori deemed to be in open rebellion against the Crown. However, charges were never laid against Te Rauparaha so his detention was declared unlawful.<a href="#cite_note-NZhist2-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZhist3-50">[50]</a> While Grey's declaration of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a> was within his authority, internment without trial would only be lawful if it had been authorised by statute. Te Rauparaha was held prisoner on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Driver_(1840)" title="HMS Driver (1840)">HMS Driver</a>, then he was taken to Auckland on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Calliope_(1837)" title="HMS Calliope (1837)">HMS Calliope</a> where he remained imprisoned until January 1848.<a href="#cite_note-NZhist2-49">[49]</a> His son <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mihana_Te_Rauparaha" title="Tāmihana Te Rauparaha">Tāmihana</a> was studying Christianity in Auckland and Te Rauparaha gave him a solemn message that their <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> should not take <a href="/wiki/Utu_(M%C4%81ori_concept)" title="Utu (Māori concept)">utu</a> against the government. Tāmihana returned to his <a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a> to stop a planned uprising. Tāmihana sold the Wairau land to the government for 3,000 pounds.<a href="#cite_note-TTR-23">[23]</a> Grey spoke to Te Rauaparaha and persuaded him to give up all outstanding claims to land in the Wairau valley. Then, realising he was old and sick he allowed Te Rauparaha to return to his people at <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki,_New_Zealand" title="Ōtaki, New Zealand">Ōtaki</a> in 1848.<a href="#cite_note-HMMJM-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_at_Auckland">Government at Auckland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government at Auckland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Government_House,_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg/220px-First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg/330px-First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg/440px-First_Government_House%2C_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5311" data-file-height="3256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Auckland" title="Government House, Auckland">Government House</a> in Auckland, as painted by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ashworth" title="Edward Ashworth">Edward Ashworth</a> in 1842 or 1843</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> was made the new <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a> in March 1841<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> and by the time Grey was appointed governor in 1845, it had become a commercial centre as well as including the administrative institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> After the conclusion of the war in the north, government policy was to place a buffer zone of European settlement between the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> and the city of Auckland.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The background to the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Waikato">Invasion of Waikato</a> in 1863 also, in part, reflected a belief that the Auckland was at risk from attack by the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> Māori.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Governor Grey had to contend with newspapers that were unequivocal to their support of the interests of the settlers: the Auckland Times, Auckland Chronicle, The Southern Cross, which started by <a href="/wiki/William_Brown_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Brown (New Zealand politician)">William Brown</a> as a weekly paper in 1843 and The New Zealander, which was started in 1845 by <a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Williamson (New Zealand politician)">John Williamson</a>. These newspapers were known for their partisan editorial policies – both William Brown and John Williamson were aspiring politicians. The Southern Cross supported the land claimants, such as the New Zealand Company, and vigorously attacked Governor Grey's administration, while The New Zealander, supported the ordinary settler and the Māori. The northern war adversely affected business in Auckland, such that The Southern Cross stopped publishing from April 1845 to July 1847.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carleton" title="Hugh Carleton">Hugh Carleton</a>, who also became a politician, was the editor of The New Zealander then later established the Anglo-Maori Warder, which followed an editorial policy in opposition to Governor Grey.<a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald2011-56">[56]</a> At the time of the northern war The Southern Cross and The New Zealander blamed <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(missionary)" title="Henry Williams (missionary)">Henry Williams</a> and the other CMS missionaries for the <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Flagstaff War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CAR87-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The New Zealander newspaper in a thinly disguised reference to Henry Williams, with the reference to "their Rangatira pakeha [gentlemen] correspondents", went on to state: <blockquote>We consider these English traitors far more guilty and deserving of severe punishment than the brave natives whom they have advised and misled. Cowards and knaves in the full sense of the terms, they have pursued their traitorous schemes, afraid to risk their own persons, yet artfully sacrificing others for their own aggrandizement, while, probably at the same time, they were most hypocritically professing most zealous loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-CAR87-38">[38]</a> </blockquote> Official communications also blamed the CMS missionaries for the Flagstaff War. In a letter of 25 June 1846 to <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for War and the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a> in Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>'s government, Governor Grey referred to the land acquired by the CMS missionaries and commented that "Her Majesty's Government may also rest satisfied that these individuals cannot be put in possession of these tracts of land without a large expenditure of British blood and money".<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAR87-38">[38]</a> By the end of his first term as governor, Grey had changed his opinion as to the role of the CMS missionaries, which was limited to attempts to persuade Hōne Heke bring an end to the fighting with the British soldiers and the Ngāpuhi, led by <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a>, who remained loyal to the Crown.<a href="#cite_note-nzhon2-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-HW-59">[59]</a> Grey was "shrewd and manipulative" and his main objective was to impose British sovereignty over New Zealand, which he did by force when he felt it necessary. But his first strategy to attain land was to attack the close relationship between missionaries and Māori, including Henry Williams who had relationships with chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 1847 <a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(bishop)" title="William Williams (bishop)">William Williams</a> published a pamphlet that defended the role of the CMS in the years leading up to the war in the north.<a href="#cite_note-Vlib_W_Williams-61">[61]</a> The first Anglican <a href="/wiki/Primate_of_New_Zealand" title="Primate of New Zealand">bishop of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Selwyn_(bishop_of_Lichfield)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Selwyn (bishop of Lichfield)">George Selwyn</a>, took the side of Grey in relation to the purchase of the land.<a href="#cite_note-CAR159-0-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-WWTJ442-63">[63]</a> Grey twice failed to recover the land in the Supreme Court, and when Williams refused to give up the land unless the charges were retracted, he was dismissed from the CMS in November 1849.<a href="#cite_note-LMR18742-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAR873-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-B&T_I-66">[66]</a> Governor Grey's first term of office ended in 1853. In 1854 Williams was reinstated to CMS after Bishop Selwyn later regretted the position and George Grey addressed the committee of the CMS and requested his reinstatement.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-HW2-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAR160-1-68">[68]</a> When he returned to New Zealand in 1861 for his second term as governor, Sir George and Henry Williams meet at the <a href="/wiki/Te_Waimate_Mission" title="Te Waimate Mission">Waimate Mission Station</a> in November 1861.<a href="#cite_note-LMR299-69">[69]</a> Also in 1861 Henry Williams' son <a href="/wiki/Edward_Marsh_Williams" title="Edward Marsh Williams">Edward Marsh Williams</a> was appointed by Sir George to be the Resident <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">Magistrate</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands" title="Bay of Islands">Bay of Islands</a> and Northern Districts.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-government_and_Constitution_Acts">Self-government and Constitution Acts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Self-government and Constitution Acts">edit</a>]</div> Following a campaign for self-government by settlers in 1846, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1846" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1846">New Zealand Constitution Act 1846</a>, granting the colony self-government for the first time, requiring Māori to pass an English-language test to be able to participate in the new colonial government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200642-70">[70]</a> In his instructions to Grey, Colonial Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grey,_3rd_Earl_Grey" title="Henry Grey, 3rd Earl Grey">Earl Grey</a> (no relation to George Grey) sent the 1846 Constitution Act with instructions to implement self-government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> George Grey responded to Earl Grey that the Act would lead to further hostilities and that the settlers were not ready for self-government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> In a dispatch to Earl Grey, Governor Grey stated that in implementing the Act, Her Majesty would not be giving the self-government that was intended, instead: <blockquote>"...she will give to a small fraction of her subjects of one race the power of governing the large majority of her subjects of a different race... there is no reason to think that they would be satisfied with, and submit to, the rule of a minority"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201711-71">[71]</a></blockquote> Earl Grey agreed and in December 1847 introduced an Act suspending most of the 1846 Constitution Act.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644-72">[72]</a> Grey wrote a draft of a new Constitution Act while camping on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ruapehu" title="Mount Ruapehu">Mount Ruapehu</a> in 1851, forwarding this draft to the Colonial Office later that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644-72">[72]</a> Grey's draft established both provincial and central representative assemblies, allowed for Māori districts and a Governor elected by the General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair198625-73">[73]</a> Only the latter proposal was rejected by the Parliament of the United Kingdom when it adopted Grey's constitution,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644-72">[72]</a> the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1852" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1852">New Zealand Constitution Act 1852</a>. Grey was briefly appointed Governor-in-Chief on 1 January 1848,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200643-74">[74]</a> while he oversaw the establishment of the first <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_New_Zealand" title="Provinces of New Zealand">provinces of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Ulster_Province" title="New Ulster Province">New Ulster</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treaty_obligations">Treaty obligations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Treaty obligations">edit</a>]</div> In 1846, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a>, the British Colonial Secretary, who was a devout Anglican, three times British Prime Minister and oversaw the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">Slavery Abolition Act 1833</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hawkins_Vol_I-76">[76]</a> was asked by Governor Grey how far he was expected to abide by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>. The direct response in the Queen's name was: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">You will honourably and scrupulously fulfil the conditions of the Treaty of Waitangi... <a href="#cite_note-Moxon-77">[77]</a></blockquote> Following the election of the <a href="/wiki/1st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="1st New Zealand Parliament">first parliament</a> in 1853, <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> was instituted in 1856.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201715-78">[78]</a> The direction of "native affairs" was kept at the sole discretion of the governor, meaning control of Māori affairs and land remained outside of the elected ministry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201718-79">[79]</a> This quickly became a point of contention between the Governor and the colonial parliament, who retained their own "Native Secretary" to advise them on "native affairs".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201720-80">[80]</a> In 1861, Governor Grey agreed to consult the ministers in relation to native affairs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201720-80">[80]</a> but this position only lasted until his recall from office in 1867. Grey's successor as governor, <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">George Bowen</a>, took direct control of native affairs until his term ended in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201722-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200664-82">[82]</a> From then on, the elected ministry, led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premier</a>, controlled the colonial government's policy on Māori land.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201722-81">[81]</a> The short-term effect of the treaty was to prevent the sale of Māori land to anyone other than the Crown. This was intended to protect Māori from the kinds of shady land purchases which had alienated <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous peoples</a> in other parts of the world from their land with minimal compensation. Before the treaty had been finalised the New Zealand Company had made several hasty land deals and shipped settlers from Great Britain to New Zealand, hoping the British would be forced to accept its land claims as a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_French_expressions_in_English#Fait_accompli" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of French expressions in English">fait accompli</a>, in which it was largely successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrange198720-83">[83]</a> In part, the treaty was an attempt to establish a system of property rights for land with the Crown controlling and overseeing land sale to prevent abuse. Initially, this worked well with the Governor and his representatives having the sole right to buy and sell land from the Māori.<a href="#cite_note-Donald_McLean-84">[84]</a> Māori were eager to sell land, and settlers eager to buy.<a href="#cite_note-Donald_McLean-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_of_Grey's_first_term_as_Governor">Legacy of Grey's first term as Governor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy of Grey's first term as Governor">edit</a>]</div> Grey took pains to tell Māori that he had observed the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>, assuring them that their land rights would be fully recognised. In the <a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Province" title="Taranaki Province">Taranaki</a> district, Māori were very reluctant to sell their land, but elsewhere Grey was much more successful, and nearly 33 million acres (130,000 km2) were purchased from Māori, with the result that British settlements expanded quickly. Grey was less successful in his efforts to assimilate Māori; he lacked the financial means to realise his plans. Although he subsidised mission schools, requiring them to teach in English, only a few hundred Māori children attended them at any one time.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] During Grey's first tenure as Governor of New Zealand, he was created a Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> (1848). When Grey was knighted he chose <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a> as one of his esquires.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Grey gave land for the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Grammar_School" title="Auckland Grammar School">Auckland Grammar School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_New_Zealand" title="Newmarket, New Zealand">Newmarket</a>, Auckland in 1850. The school was officially recognised as an educational establishment in 1868 through the Auckland Grammar School Appropriation Act of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Provincial Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Laidlaw" title="Chris Laidlaw">Chris Laidlaw</a> concludes that Grey ran a "ramshackle" administration marked by "broken promises and outright betrayal" of Māori people.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Grey's collection of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a> artefacts, one of the earliest from New Zealand and assembled during his first governorship, was donated to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in 1854.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Much of Grey's manuscript collections were donated to the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Libraries" title="Auckland Libraries">Auckland Free Public Library</a> in 1887, one of the first substantial donations to the library. Grey's Māori manuscript collections held at Auckland Libraries were added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Register_%E2%80%93_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="Memory of the World Register – Asia and the Pacific">Memory of the World Register</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-AucklandLibraries-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Cape_Colony">Governor of Cape Colony</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Governor of Cape Colony">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GGrey_VA0898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GGrey_VA0898.jpg/220px-GGrey_VA0898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GGrey_VA0898.jpg/330px-GGrey_VA0898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/GGrey_VA0898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Sir George Grey as Governor of the Cape Colony</figcaption></figure> Grey was Governor of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> from 5 December 1854 to 15 August 1861. He founded <a href="/wiki/Grey_College,_Bloemfontein" title="Grey College, Bloemfontein">Grey College, Bloemfontein</a> in 1855 and <a href="/wiki/Grey_High_School" title="Grey High School">Grey High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a> in 1856. In 1859 he laid the foundation stone of the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Hospital_(Cape_Town)" title="Somerset Hospital (Cape Town)">New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town</a>. When he left the Cape in 1861 he presented the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Africa" title="National Library of South Africa">National Library of South Africa</a> with a remarkable personal collection of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts and rare books.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> During his term as governor, Grey faced a growing rivalry between the eastern and western halves of the Cape Colony, as well as a small, but also growing, movement for local democracy ("<a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>") and greater independence from British rule. "There were moves for responsible government in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope">Cape Parliament</a> in 1855 and 1856 but they were defeated by a combination of Western conservatives and Easterners anxious about the defence of the frontier under a responsible system. But undoubtedly Sir George Grey's political ability, charm and force of personality – aided by the parliamentary leadership of liberal-minded Attorney-General, William Porter – contributed to this result."<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In South Africa Grey dealt firmly with the natives, endeavouring to "protect" them from white settlement while simultaneously using reservations to coercively demilitarize them, using natives, in his own words, "as real though unavowed hostages for the tranquillity of their kindred and connections."<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On more than one occasion, Grey acted as <a href="/wiki/Arbitrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitrator">arbitrator</a> between the government of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> and the natives, eventually drawing the conclusion that a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federated</a> South Africa would be a good thing for everyone. The Orange Free State would have been willing to join the federation, and it is probable that the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a> would also have agreed. However, Grey was 50 years before his time: the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> would not agree to his proposals. In spite of their instructions, Grey continued to advocate union, and, in connection with other matters, such as the attempt to settle soldiers in South Africa after the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, instructions were ignored.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Sir George was recalled in 1859.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200573-5">[5]</a> He had, however, scarcely reached England before a change of government led to the offer of another term, on the understanding that he abandon schemes for the federation of South Africa and, in future obey his instructions. Grey was convinced that the boundaries of the South African colonies should be widened, but could not obtain support from the British government. He was still working for this support when, war with the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> having broken out, it was decided that Grey should again be appointed governor of New Zealand. When he left his popularity among the people of Cape Colony was unbounded, and the statue erected at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> during his lifetime described him as<blockquote>a governor who by his high character as a Christian, a statesman, and a gentleman, had endeared himself to all classes of the community, and who by his zealous devotion to the best interests of South Africa and his able and just administration, has secured the approbation and gratitude of all Her Majesty's subjects in this part of her dominions.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_term_as_governor_of_New_Zealand">Second term as governor of New Zealand</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second term as governor of New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg/220px-GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg/330px-GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg/440px-GeorgeEdwardGrey02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Sir George Grey by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Louis_Mundy" title="Daniel Louis Mundy">Daniel Louis Mundy</a> 1860s</figcaption></figure> Grey was again appointed governor in 1861, to replace Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Thomas Gore Browne</a>, serving until 1868.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a> His second term as governor was greatly different from the first, as he had to deal with the demands of an <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">elected parliament</a>, which had been established in 1852.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasion_of_the_Waikato">Invasion of the Waikato</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Invasion of the Waikato">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">Invasion of the Waikato</a></div> Immediately prior to Grey's re-appointment as governor, there were rising tensions in <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a> over land ownership and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> that eventually led to the involvement of British military forces at <a href="/wiki/Waitara,_New_Zealand" title="Waitara, New Zealand">Waitara</a>, in what is called the <a href="/wiki/First_Taranaki_War" title="First Taranaki War">First Taranaki War</a>, from March 1860 until the fighting subsided in 1862. The leaders of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">King movement</a> or Kīngitanga had written a letter to Governor Browne stating that the Waikato tribes had never signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> and that they were a separate nation. Browne regarded the stance of the Kīngitanga as an act of disloyalty; and prepared plans for the invasion of Waikato, in part to uphold "the Queen's supremacy" in the face of the Kīngitanga challenge.<a href="#cite_note-dalton128-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Grey launched the invasion of the Waikato in June 1863 amid mounting tension between Kingites and the colonial government and fears of a violent raid on <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> by Kingite Māori. Grey used as the trigger for the invasion Kingite rejection of his ultimatum on 9 July 1863 that all Māori living between Auckland and the Waikato take an oath of allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> or be expelled south of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Belich-96">[96]</a> The war brought thousands of Imperial British troops to New Zealand: 18,000 men served in the British forces at some point during the campaign, with a peak of about 14,000 troops in March 1864.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The subsequent invasion included the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rangiriri" title="Battle of Rangiriri">Battle of Rangiriri</a> (November 1863)—which cost both sides more men than any other engagement of the New Zealand Wars<a href="#cite_note-Belich8-98">[98]</a>—and the attack on <a href="/wiki/Rangiaowhia" title="Rangiaowhia">Rangiaowhia</a> (February 1864) a village largely occupied by women, children and older men.<a href="#cite_note-inglorious3-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:75-99">[99]</a> The campaign ended with the retreat of the Kingitanga Māori into the rugged interior of the North Island and the colonial government <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">confiscating</a> about 12,000 km2 of Māori land.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-100">[100]</a> The defeat and confiscations left the King Movement tribes with a legacy of poverty and bitterness that was partly assuaged in 1995 when the government conceded that the 1863 invasion and confiscation was wrongful and apologised for its actions.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-100">[100]</a> In the later 1860s, the British government determined to withdraw Imperial troops from New Zealand. At the time the Māori chiefs <a href="/wiki/Te_Kooti" title="Te Kooti">Te Kooti</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru" title="Tītokowaru">Tītokowaru</a> had the colonial government and settlers extremely alarmed with a series of military successes. With the support of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Edward Stafford</a>, Grey evaded instructions from the Colonial Office to finalise the return of the regiments, which had commenced in 1865 and 1866. In the end, the British government recalled (removed) Grey from the office of governor in February 1868.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a> He was replaced by Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">George Bowen</a> and during his term hostilities concluded with the abandoned pursuit of war leader Riwha Tītokowaru – again in Taranaki – in 1869.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Grey was greatly respected by some Māori and often travelled with a company of chiefs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He induced leading chiefs to write down their accounts of Māori traditions, legends and customs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] His principal informant, <a href="/wiki/Te_Rangik%C4%81heke" title="Te Rangikāheke">Te Rangikāheke</a>, taught Grey to speak <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">Michael King</a> noted:<blockquote> He learned Māori and persuaded Māori authorities to commit their legends and traditions to writing, some of which were subsequently published ... His collected papers would turn out to be the largest single repository of Māori-language manuscripts.<a href="#cite_note-King-101">[101]</a> </blockquote> Grey bought <a href="/wiki/Kawau_Island" title="Kawau Island">Kawau Island</a> in 1862, on his return to New Zealand for a second term as governor. For 25 years, he lavished large amounts of his personal wealth on developing the island. He enlarged and remodeled <a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_Kawau_Island" title="Mansion House, Kawau Island">Mansion House</a>, the former residence of the copper mine superintendent.<a href="#cite_note-Mansion-102">[102]</a> Here he planted a huge array of native and non-native trees and shrubs, and acclimatised many exotic birds and other animal species.<a href="#cite_note-Mansion-102">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species_in_New_Zealand" title="Invasive species in New Zealand">invasive species</a> he introduced included <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> trees and Australian <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupials</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallaby" title="Wallaby">wallabies</a>), which went on to become significant weeds and pests.<a href="#cite_note-ecoproblems-103">[103]</a> He also amassed a celebrated collection of rare books and manuscripts, many purchased from the Auckland bibliophile <a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(accountant)" title="Henry Shaw (accountant)">Henry Shaw</a>, artworks and curiosities, plus artefacts from Māori.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_England">Return to England</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Return to England">edit</a>]</div> On his return journey to England from New Zealand, Grey worked on preparing previously compiled <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori myths</a> for publication; this work led to Ko Nga Mahinga a Nga Tupuna Maori and the English translation <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Mythology_(book)" title="Polynesian Mythology (book)">Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race as Furnished by Their Priests and Chiefs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Polynesian Mythology was well received by the European public, with Grey receiving many letters of praise.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In particular, the story of Hinemoa was popular enough to inspire <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Alfred Domett's</a> novel Ranolf and Amohia, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Chevalier" title="Nicholas Chevalier">Nicholas Chevalier's</a> painting Hinemoa, and New Zealand's first feature film in 1914. Although by philosophy Grey was a liberal, his extremist views on the questions of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, of emigration, of <a href="/wiki/Home_rule#Irish_home_rule" title="Home rule">Home Rule for Ireland</a> and the cause of the English poor were contrary to the interests of Gladstone's <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> government. Grey was marked as a "dangerous man". In 1870, at a parliamentary by-election for the <a href="/wiki/Newark_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newark (UK Parliament constituency)">Borough of Newark</a> that followed the death of the sitting Liberal MP, Grey stood as an independent liberal against Gladstone's Liberal candidate Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knight_Storks" title="Henry Knight Storks">Henry Knight Storks</a>. Determined that Grey should not be elected and seeing that splitting the Liberal vote would result in both Grey and Storks losing to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> candidate, the Liberal government engineered an arrangement where both would withdraw, leaving another Liberal candidate, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Boteler_Bristowe" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Boteler Bristowe">Samuel Boteler Bristowe</a>, to take the seat. Storks was rewarded with the post of <a href="/wiki/Surveyor-General_of_the_Ordnance" title="Surveyor-General of the Ordnance">Surveyor-General of the Ordnance</a> and Grey returned to New Zealand later that year.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premier_of_New_Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Premier of New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 470px; float: left; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 1em; border: 4; cellpadding: 2; cellspacing: 0;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000BE-QINU`"'</style>New Zealand Parliament</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 125px;">Years </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35px;">Term </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 160px;">Electorate </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Auckland_West_by-election,_1875_(1st)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Auckland West by-election, 1875 (1st)">1875</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="5th New Zealand Parliament">5th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1875%E2%80%931876_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1875–1876 New Zealand general election">1876</a>–1879 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="6th New Zealand Parliament">6th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thames_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Thames (New Zealand electorate)">Thames</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1879_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1879 New Zealand general election">1879</a>–1881 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="7th New Zealand Parliament">7th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Thames </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1881_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1881 New Zealand general election">1881</a>–1884 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="8th New Zealand Parliament">8th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_East" title="Auckland East">Auckland East</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1884 New Zealand general election">1884</a>–1887 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="9th New Zealand Parliament">9th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland East </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1887_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1887 New Zealand general election">1887</a>–1890 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="10th New Zealand Parliament">10th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland Central</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1891_Newton_by-election" title="1891 Newton by-election">1891</a>–1893 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="11th New Zealand Parliament">11th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Newton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Newton (New Zealand electorate)">Newton</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1893_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1893 New Zealand general election">1893</a>–1895 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="12th New Zealand Parliament">12th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 1875 Sir George was elected <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(New_Zealand)" title="Superintendent (New Zealand)">Superintendent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland Province</a> (24 March 1875 – 31 October 1875).<a href="#cite_note-Scholefield_1950-108">[108]</a> He stood in the general election for both the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thames_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Thames (New Zealand electorate)">Thames</a> electorates in the <a href="/wiki/1875%E2%80%931876_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1875–1876 New Zealand general election">1875–1876 general election</a>. In the two-member Auckland electorate, only Grey and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dignan_(politician)" title="Patrick Dignan (politician)">Patrick Dignan</a> were put forward as candidates, and were thus declared elected on 22 December 1875.<a href="#cite_note-Akld_West_results_Dec_1875-109">[109]</a> The two-member Thames electorate was contested by six candidates, including <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a> (who was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premier</a> in 1875), <a href="/wiki/William_Rowe_(politician)" title="William Rowe (politician)">William Rowe</a> and Charles Featherstone Mitchell. On election day (6 January 1876), Grey attracted the highest number of votes and, unexpectedly, Rowe beat Vogel into second place (Vogel also stood in <a href="/wiki/Whanganui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)">Wanganui</a>, where he was returned). Hence Grey and Rowe were declared elected for Thames.<a href="#cite_note-1876_Thames_detailed_results-110">[110]</a> A protest against Grey's election was lodged with the returning officer the following day, protesting that Grey had not been eligible to stand in Thames as he had already been elected in Auckland West. This petition was filed to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> at the end of January.<a href="#cite_note-Petition_against_Grey_in_Thames-111">[111]</a> With this controversy going on for several months unresolved, Grey advised in mid-June 1876 in a series of telegrams that he had chosen to represent Auckland West.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On 8 July, the report of the committee inquiring into his election for Thames was read to the House. It was found that this was in accordance with the law, but that he had to make a decision for which electorate he would sit.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On 15 July 1876, Grey announced that he would represent Thames, and he moved that a by-election be held in Auckland West for the seat that he would vacate there.<a href="#cite_note-Grey's_decision_to_represent_Thames-114">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grey,_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg/170px-George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg/255px-George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg/340px-George_Grey%2C_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Cabinet portrait of Grey, 1885</figcaption></figure> Grey opposed the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_New_Zealand" title="Provinces of New Zealand">provinces</a>, but his opposition proved ineffective; the provincial system was abolished in 1876. On defeating <a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Harry Atkinson</a> on 13 October 1877 in a vote of no confidence, he was elected Premier by Parliament. He asked Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Phipps,_2nd_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby">Lord Normanby</a> for a dissolution of parliament but was flatly refused. Grey thought New Zealand's unique constitutional provincialism was under threat, so championed radical causes, such as one man-one vote. An economic downturn in 1878 put pressure on incomes; defection across the floor of the house of four Auckland members defeated Grey on a vote in October 1879. He resigned as prime minister. Grey described his philosophical radicalism: <blockquote>This is a revolt against despotism…. What I am resolved to maintain is this, that there shall be equal justice in representation and in the distribution of land and revenue to every class in New Zealand … equal rights to all – equal rights in education, equal rights in taxation, equal rights in representation … equal rights in every respect.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </blockquote> His government did not operate particularly well, with Grey seeking to dominate the government came into conflict with the governor. His term as premier is regarded by historians as a failure.<a href="#cite_note-King-101">[101]</a> Towards the end of 1879, Grey's government got into difficulties over land tax. Eventually, Grey asked for an early <a href="/wiki/1879_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1879 New Zealand general election">election, in 1879</a>. Grey was elected in both the Thames and the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Christchurch (New Zealand electorate)">City of Christchurch</a> electorates in September 1879.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Grey came first in the three-member Christchurch electorate (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Paull_Andrews" title="Samuel Paull Andrews">Samuel Paull Andrews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cephas_John_Stevens" title="Edward Cephas John Stevens">Edward Stevens</a> came second with equal numbers of votes, 23 votes ahead of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Richardson" title="Edward Richardson">Edward Richardson</a>).<a href="#cite_note-1879_Christchurch_results-117">[117]</a> Richardson petitioned against Grey's return on technical grounds, as Grey had already been elected in the Thames electorate.<a href="#cite_note-Commentary_on_petition-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The electoral commission unseated Grey on 24 October,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> effective 28 October, with Richardson declared elected to the vacancy on that date.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Grey kept the Thames seat and remained a member of parliament through that electorate.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1881_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1881 New Zealand general election">1881 election</a>, Grey was elected in <a href="/wiki/Auckland_East" title="Auckland East">Auckland East</a><a href="#cite_note-1881_election-123">[123]</a> and re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/1884_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1884 New Zealand general election">1884 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1884_election-124">[124]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1887_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1887 New Zealand general election">1887 election</a> Grey was returned for the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland Central</a> electorate.<a href="#cite_note-1887_election-125">[125]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgegrey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georgegrey.jpg/220px-Georgegrey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georgegrey.jpg/330px-Georgegrey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georgegrey.jpg/440px-Georgegrey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Sir George Grey in Albert Park, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></figcaption></figure> In 1889, recalling his earlier proposal for the Governor to be elected from his first draft of the 1852 Constitution Act,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair198625-73">[73]</a> Grey put forward the Election of Governor Bill, which would have allowed for a "British subject" to be elected to the office of Governor "precisely as an ordinary parliamentary election in each district."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> By now Grey was suffering from ill health and he retired from politics in 1890, leaving for Australia to recuperate. While in Australia, he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia)#1891_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (Australia)">Australian Federal Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200575-127">[127]</a> On returning to New Zealand, a deputation requested him to contest the <a href="/wiki/Newton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Newton (New Zealand electorate)">Newton</a> seat in Auckland in the <a href="/wiki/1891_Newton_by-election" title="1891 Newton by-election">1891 by-election</a>. The retiring member, <a href="/wiki/David_Goldie_(politician)" title="David Goldie (politician)">David Goldie</a>, also asked Grey to take his seat. Grey was prepared to put his name forward only if the election was unopposed, as he did not want to suffer the excitement of a contested election.<a href="#cite_note-Resignation_Goldie-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Grey declared his candidacy on 25 March 1891.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On 6 April 1891, he was declared elected, as he was unopposed.<a href="#cite_note-1891_by-election_result-131">[131]</a> In December 1893, Grey was again elected, this time to <a href="/wiki/Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland City</a>. He left for England in 1894 and did not return to New Zealand. He resigned his seat in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Grey died at his residence at the Norfolk Hotel, Harrington Road, <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, London, on 19 September 1898, aged 86 years, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dnzb-GG-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_and_institutions_named_after_Grey">Places and institutions named after Grey</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Places and institutions named after Grey">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/George_Grey" title="Special:EditPage/George Grey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Places named after Grey include <a href="/wiki/Greytown,_New_Zealand" title="Greytown, New Zealand">Greytown</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wairarapa" title="Wairarapa">Wairarapa</a> region of New Zealand's North Island, the <a href="/wiki/Grey_River,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey River, New Zealand">Grey River</a> in the South Island's <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a> region (and thus indirectly the town of <a href="/wiki/Greymouth" title="Greymouth">Greymouth</a> at the river's mouth), and the <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Grey_Lynn" title="Grey Lynn">Grey Lynn</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Grey" title="Division of Grey">Division of Grey</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Electoral_Divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Electoral Divisions">Australian Electoral Division</a> in South Australia and the town of Grey in Western Australia. <a href="/wiki/Grey_Street,_Melbourne" title="Grey Street, Melbourne">Grey Street, Melbourne</a>, Grey Street, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and Grey Street, <a href="/wiki/Onehunga" title="Onehunga">Onehunga</a> are also believed to have been named after George Edward Grey. Grey's Bay in <a href="/wiki/Geraldton,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geraldton, Western Australia">Geraldton, Western Australia</a>, is also named after him. In South Africa, Grey was instrumental in the founding of the Grey Institute, later named the <a href="/wiki/Grey_High_School" title="Grey High School">Grey High School</a>, Port Elizabeth, <a href="/wiki/Grey_College,_Bloemfontein" title="Grey College, Bloemfontein">Grey College, Bloemfontein</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/greyshospital.htm">Grey's Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a>. Grey's Pass near <a href="/wiki/Citrusdal" title="Citrusdal">Citrusdal</a> and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Greytown,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Greytown, KwaZulu-Natal">Greytown, KwaZulu-Natal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greyton" title="Greyton">Greyton, Western Cape</a> are named for him, while <a href="/wiki/Lady_Grey,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Grey, Eastern Cape">Lady Grey, Eastern Cape</a> is named after his wife. The main business thoroughfare in the town of <a href="/wiki/Paarl" title="Paarl">Paarl</a> (Western Cape) is named Lady Grey Street after his wife, while <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> has Sir George Grey Street in the inner city suburb of <a href="/wiki/Oranjezicht" title="Oranjezicht">Oranjezicht</a> draped over the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain" title="Table Mountain">Table Mountain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_Spring" title="Grey's Spring">Grey's Spring</a>, sometimes called Grey's Well, is a historic site in <a href="/wiki/Kalbarri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalbarri">Kalbarri</a>, Western Australia. The Rhodesian <a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_Scouts" title="Grey's Scouts">Grey’s Scouts</a> was also named after George Grey. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxa_named_after_Grey">Taxa named after Grey</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Taxa named after Grey">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Menetia_greyii" title="Menetia greyii">Menetia greyii</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizard</a>, is named after Grey. Other animal <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> named in his honour include two <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The genus <a href="/wiki/Greyia" title="Greyia">Greyia</a> (wild bottlebrush) which is endemic to southern Africa was also named after him.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture_and_depiction_in_art">Popular culture and depiction in art</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Popular culture and depiction in art">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-9_2_018_0186-SA_Library_%26_Sir_George_Grey-The_Cape01-s_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Grey" title="Statue of George Grey">Statue of George Grey</a> (1863) by <a href="/wiki/William_Calder_Marshall" title="William Calder Marshall">William Calder Marshall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Grey" title="Statue of George Grey">Statue of George Grey</a> created by <a href="/wiki/William_Calder_Marshall" title="William Calder Marshall">William Calder Marshall</a> was unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/Company%27s_Garden" title="Company's Garden">Company's Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa in 1863.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Sculptor <a href="/wiki/Anton_Teutenberg" title="Anton Teutenberg">Anton Teutenberg</a> created a relief sculpture of Grey as a part of his commission for the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_High_Court" title="Auckland High Court">Auckland High Court</a> in 1866.<a href="#cite_note-Dunn-137">[137]</a> In 1904, a statue of George Grey was erected on the corner of Greys Avenue and Queen Street, later moved to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a> in 1922. Grey's statue has been the target of vandalism and activism, including in 1987, when the head of the statue was broken off on <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Day" title="Waitangi Day">Waitangi Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dunn-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Governor_(New_Zealand_TV_series)" title="The Governor (New Zealand TV series)">The Governor</a>, an historical drama <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> based on Grey's life, was made by <a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Unit" title="National Film Unit">National Film Unit</a> in 1977, featuring <a href="/wiki/Corin_Redgrave" title="Corin Redgrave">Corin Redgrave</a> in the title role. Despite critical acclaim, the miniseries attracted controversy at the time because of its then-large budget.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Coat of arms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of George Grey </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grey_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/George_Grey_Arms.svg/220px-George_Grey_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/George_Grey_Arms.svg/330px-George_Grey_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/George_Grey_Arms.svg/440px-George_Grey_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The arms of George Grey consist of:<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>An <a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Heraldry" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a> <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)#Passant" title="Attitude (heraldry)">passant</a> <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">ermine</a>, armed, maned, tufted and unguled <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a>, in front of a <a href="/wiki/Sun_(heraldry)" title="Sun (heraldry)">sun in splendour</a>.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field#Barry,_paly,_bendy" title="Variation of the field">Barry</a> of six <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)#Points" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">chief</a> three <a href="/wiki/Roundel_(heraldry)#Terms_for_roundels" title="Roundel (heraldry)">pellets</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[a]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a> of three points ermine.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Stabilis (Steadfast)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Other sources give "<a href="/wiki/Torteaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Torteaux">torteaux</a>" (i.e. a red roundel) instead of "pellets".<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Records_of_Australia" title="Historical Records of Australia">Historical Records of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adelaide" title="History of Adelaide">History of Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Colony_from_1806_to_1870" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870">History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870</a></li> <li>'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010439b.htm">Grey, Sir George (1812–1898)</a>', <a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>, Volume 1, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne University Press">MUP</a>, 1966, pp. 476–80. Retrieved 28 December 2008.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Serle" title="Percival Serle">Serle, Percival</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogG.html#grey1">"Grey, Sir George"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Angus_%26_Robertson" title="Angus & Robertson">Angus & Robertson</a>. Retrieved 28 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grey%2C+Sir+George&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogG.html%23grey1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Mythology_(book)" title="Polynesian Mythology (book)">Polynesian Mythology (book)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Grey1861-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Grey1861_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=DSC18611206.2.4">"Governor Grey sworn in"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Southern_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Southern Cross">The Southern Cross</a>. 6 December 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+Grey+sworn+in&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=The+Southern+Cross&rft.date=1861-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DDSC18611206.2.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200571_2-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolfe2005">Wolfe 2005</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-rnz.co.nz-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_3-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollectiveAir2021" class="citation web cs1">Collective, Aotearoa Media; Air, Great Southern Television | Made with the support of NZ On (3 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/nzwars-tainui/story/2018782134/documentary-nz-wars-stories-of-tainui">"Documentary: NZ Wars: Stories of Tainui"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. Retrieved 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Documentary%3A+NZ+Wars%3A+Stories+of+Tainui&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft.aulast=Collective&rft.aufirst=Aotearoa+Media&rft.au=Air%2C+Great+Southern+Television+%7C+Made+with+the+support+of+NZ+On&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fprogrammes%2Fnzwars-tainui%2Fstory%2F2018782134%2Fdocumentary-nz-wars-stories-of-tainui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-H._Pitt_1972_pp_43-81-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H._Pitt_1972_pp_43-81_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-H._Pitt_1972_pp_43-81_4-1">b</a> G. H. 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Retrieved 28 December 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1973" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Graeme (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531184943/http://www.ashadocs.org/studiesinhistoricalarchaeology/SHA01_Henderson.pdf">The Wreck of the Elizabeth</a> (PDF). Studies in Historical Archaeology. Vol. 1. Sydney: Australian Society for Historical Archaeology. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-90979-701-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-90979-701-3"><bdi>0-90979-701-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashadocs.org/studiesinhistoricalarchaeology/SHA01_Henderson.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 31 May 2011. 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Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 14 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Grey%2C+George+1812%E2%80%931898&rft.date=2006-04-07&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnzb.govt.nz%2Fdnzb%2Fdefault.asp%3FFind_Quick.asp%3FPersonEssay%3D1G21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kawau_family_reunion-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Kawau_family_reunion_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092423/http://www.localmatters.co.nz/Mahurangi+Matters/News+-+February+2012/Grey+family+descendants+reunite+on+Kawau.html">"Grey family descendants reunite on Kawau"</a>. Local Matters. February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localmatters.co.nz/Mahurangi+Matters/News+-+February+2012/Grey+family+descendants+reunite+on+Kawau.html">the original</a> on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Local+Matters&rft.atitle=Grey+family+descendants+reunite+on+Kawau&rft.date=2012-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localmatters.co.nz%2FMahurangi%2BMatters%2FNews%2B-%2BFebruary%2B2012%2FGrey%2Bfamily%2Bdescendants%2Breunite%2Bon%2BKawau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grey_DoC_bio-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Grey_DoC_bio_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/getting-involved/students-and-teachers/field-trips-by-region/george-grey.pdf">"Sir George Grey 1812–1898"</a> (PDF). Department of Conservation. Retrieved 5 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+George+Grey+1812%E2%80%931898&rft.pub=Department+of+Conservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fupload%2Fdocuments%2Fgetting-involved%2Fstudents-and-teachers%2Ffield-trips-by-region%2Fgeorge-grey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marriage_George_Grey-30"><a href="#cite_ref-marriage_George_Grey_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=DSC18721205.2.7">"Marriages"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Southern_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Southern Cross">The Daily Southern Cross</a>. Vol. XXVIII, no. 4768. 5 December 1872. p. 2. Retrieved 5 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Southern+Cross&rft.atitle=Marriages&rft.volume=XXVIII&rft.issue=4768&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1872-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DDSC18721205.2.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Foster R., Nettelbeck A. (2011), Out of the Silence, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r9ETLG_aKbkC&pg=PA32">p. 32-39</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Press_(Australia)" title="Wakefield Press (Australia)">Wakefield Press</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> "Papers Relative to the Affairs of South Australia—Aborigines", Accounts and Papers 1843, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d3VbAAAAQAAJ">Volume 3</a> (London: <a href="/wiki/William_Clowes_Ltd." title="William Clowes Ltd.">William Clowes and Sons</a>), p. 267-310. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Frontier wars: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterHoskingNettelbeck2000" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Robert; Hosking, Rick; Nettelbeck, Amanda (2000). Fatal Collisions : the South Australian frontier and the violence of memory (first ed.). Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 79–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862545335" title="Special:BookSources/9781862545335"><bdi>9781862545335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Collisions+%3A+the+South+Australian+frontier+and+the+violence+of+memory.&rft.place=Kent+Town%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=79-80&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781862545335&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Hosking%2C+Rick&rft.au=Nettelbeck%2C+Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterNettelbeck2012" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Robert; Nettelbeck, Amanda (2012). Out of the Silence - The history and memory of South Australia's frontier wars (first ed.). Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 161–162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781743051726" title="Special:BookSources/9781743051726"><bdi>9781743051726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+the+Silence+-+The+history+and+memory+of+South+Australia%27s+frontier+wars&rft.place=Kent+Town%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=161-162&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781743051726&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Nettelbeck%2C+Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-acts-34"><a href="#cite_ref-acts_34-0">^</a> The acts: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/aea8o7a8v1844262/">"Aborigines' Evidence Act (No 8 of 7 and 8 Vic, 1844)"</a>. South Australia Numbered Acts. South Australian Government. Retrieved 24 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Australia+Numbered+Acts&rft.atitle=Aborigines%27+Evidence+Act+%28No+8+of+7+and+8+Vic%2C+1844%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fsa%2Fnum_act%2Faea8o7a8v1844262%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/aea5o10v1846246/">"Aborigine's Evidence Act (No 5 of 10 Vic, 1846)"</a>. South Australia Numbered Acts. South Australian Government. Retrieved 24 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Australia+Numbered+Acts&rft.atitle=Aborigine%27s+Evidence+Act+%28No+5+of+10+Vic%2C+1846%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fsa%2Fnum_act%2Faea5o10v1846246%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/awa3o11a12v1848316/">"Aboriginal Witnesses Act (No 3 of 11 and 12 Vic, 1848)"</a>. South Australia Numbered Acts. South Australian Government. Retrieved 24 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Australia+Numbered+Acts&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+Witnesses+Act+%28No+3+of+11+and+12+Vic%2C+1848%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fsa%2Fnum_act%2Fawa3o11a12v1848316%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/awa4o12a13v1849316/">"Aboriginal Witnesses Act (No 4 of 12 and 13 Vic, 1849)"</a>. South Australia Numbered Acts. South Australian Government. Retrieved 24 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Australia+Numbered+Acts&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+Witnesses+Act+%28No+4+of+12+and+13+Vic%2C+1849%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fsa%2Fnum_act%2Fawa4o12a13v1849316%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burns_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burns_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Burns1989" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Burns (1989). Fatal Success: A History of the New Zealand Company. Heinemann Reed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7900-0011-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7900-0011-3"><bdi>0-7900-0011-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Success%3A+A+History+of+the+New+Zealand+Company&rft.pub=Heinemann+Reed&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-7900-0011-3&rft.au=Patricia+Burns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200637-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean200637_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean200637_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLean2006">McLean 2006</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-CARv2-4-37"><a href="#cite_ref-CARv2-4_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarleton1874" class="citation book cs1">Carleton, Hugh (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document?wid=1048&page=1&action=null">"Vol. II"</a>. The Life of Henry Williams: "Early Recollections" written by Henry Williams. <a href="/wiki/Early_New_Zealand_Books" title="Early New Zealand Books">Early New Zealand Books</a> (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. Retrieved 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vol.+II&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Henry+Williams%3A+%22Early+Recollections%22+written+by+Henry+Williams&rft.pub=Early+New+Zealand+Books+%28ENZB%29%2C+University+of+Auckland+Library&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Carleton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%3Fwid%3D1048%26page%3D1%26action%3Dnull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAR87-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAR87_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAR87_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAR87_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAR87_38-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarleton1874" class="citation book cs1">Carleton, Hugh (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document?wid=1056&page=0&action=null">"Appendix to Vol. II."</a>. The Life of Henry Williams. <a href="/wiki/Early_New_Zealand_Books" title="Early New Zealand Books">Early New Zealand Books</a> University of Auckland Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+to+Vol.+II.&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Henry+Williams&rft.pub=Early+New+Zealand+Books+University+of+Auckland+Library&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Carleton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%3Fwid%3D1056%26page%3D0%26action%3Dnull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2006" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, John (2006). White Chief – The Story of a Pakeha Maori. Penguin Books (NZ). pp. 100–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302022-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302022-6"><bdi>978-0-14-302022-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Chief+%E2%80%93+The+Story+of+a+Pakeha+Maori&rft.pages=100-140&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+%28NZ%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-302022-6&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TW-40"><a href="#cite_ref-TW_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawiti1956" class="citation book cs1">Kawiti, Tawai (October 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/issue/Mao16TeA/c22.html">Hekes War in the North</a>. No. 16 Ao Hou, Te / The New World, National Library of New Zealand Library. pp. 38–46. Retrieved 10 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hekes+War+in+the+North&rft.pages=38-46&rft.pub=No.+16+Ao+Hou%2C+Te+%2F+The+New+World%2C+National+Library+of+New+Zealand+Library&rft.date=1956-10&rft.aulast=Kawiti&rft.aufirst=Tawai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteaohou.natlib.govt.nz%2Fjournals%2Fteaohou%2Fissue%2FMao16TeA%2Fc22.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> The Colonial New Zealand Wars, Tim Ryan and Bill Parham, pg 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-1-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald-1_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_Fitzgerald2011" class="citation book cs1">Caroline Fitzgerald (2011). Te Wiremu – Henry Williams: Early Years in the North. Huia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5"><bdi>978-1-86969-439-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Wiremu+%E2%80%93+Henry+Williams%3A+Early+Years+in+the+North&rft.pub=Huia+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-86969-439-5&rft.au=Caroline+Fitzgerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> Henry Williams Journal (Fitzgerald, pages 290-291) </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-2-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald-2_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_Fitzgerald2011" class="citation book cs1">Caroline Fitzgerald (2011). Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Early Years in the North. Huia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5"><bdi>978-1-86969-439-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Wiremu+-+Henry+Williams%3A+Early+Years+in+the+North&rft.pub=Huia+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-86969-439-5&rft.au=Caroline+Fitzgerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> Letter Henry to Marianne, 6 December 1839 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-3-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald-3_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_Fitzgerald2011" class="citation book cs1">Caroline Fitzgerald (2011). Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Early Years in the North. Huia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-439-5"><bdi>978-1-86969-439-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Wiremu+-+Henry+Williams%3A+Early+Years+in+the+North&rft.pub=Huia+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-86969-439-5&rft.au=Caroline+Fitzgerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> Henry Williams Journal 16 December 1839 (Fitzgerald, p. 302) </li> <li id="cite_note-NZhist1-45"><a href="#cite_ref-NZhist1_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/wellington-war/line-in-the-bush">"A line in the bush – war in Wellington"</a>. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=A+line+in+the+bush+%E2%80%93+war+in+Wellington&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fwar%2Fwellington-war%2Fline-in-the-bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kupe._R._McIntyre_2012_p_51-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kupe._R._McIntyre_2012_p_51_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kupe._R._McIntyre_2012_p_51_46-1">b</a> The Canoes of Kupe. R. McIntyre. Fraser books. Masterton (2012) p 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> The Canoes of Kupe. R. McIntyre. Fraser Books. Masterton (2012) p 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dom1907-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Dom1907_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=DOM19071014.2.13.6&l=mi&e=-------10--1----0--">"Te Rauparaha. How he was captured"</a>. Dominion, Rōrahi 1, Putanga 16, 14 Whiringa-ā-nuku, Page 3. 1907. 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William Williams (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.slv.vic.gov.au/view/action/singleViewer.do?dvs=1463810158028~639&locale=en_US&metadata_object_ratio=10&show_metadata=true&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/singleViewer.do?&preferred_usage_type=VIEW_MAIN&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=10&frameId=1&usePid1=true&usePid2=true">Plain facts about the war in the north</a>. Online publisher – State Library Victoria, Australia: Philip Kunst, Shortland Street, Auckland. 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Retrieved 30 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.greyhighschool.com&rft.atitle=History+of+The+Grey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greyhighschool.com%2Fschool-information%2Fhistory-of-the-grey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Cyril Hamshere, "Sir George Grey: A Great Proconsul" History Today (April 1979) 29#4 pp 240–247.</li> <li>Kerr, Donald Jackson. (2006) Amassing Treasures for All Times. Sir George Grey, Colonial book Collector. Otago University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford1961" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, J. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sirgeorgegreykcb0000ruth">Sir George Grey, K.C.B. (1812–1898)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+George+Grey%2C+K.C.B.+%281812%E2%80%931898%29&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsirgeorgegreykcb0000ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1958" class="citation book cs1">McLintock, A. H. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crowncolonygover0000mcli">Crown Colony Government in New Zealand</a>. Wellington, R.E. Owen, Govt. printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+Colony+Government+in+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Wellington%2C+R.E.+Owen%2C+Govt.+printer&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=McLintock&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrowncolonygover0000mcli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilne1899" class="citation book cs1">Milne, James (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16928">The Romance of a Pro-Consul – being the personal life and memoirs of the Right Hon. Sir George Grey KCB</a>. Creative Media Partners, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780342242047" title="Special:BookSources/9780342242047"><bdi>9780342242047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romance+of+a+Pro-Consul+%E2%80%93+being+the+personal+life+and+memoirs+of+the+Right+Hon.+Sir+George+Grey+KCB&rft.pub=Creative+Media+Partners%2C+LLC&rft.date=1899&rft.isbn=9780342242047&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F16928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_McLean" title="Gavin McLean">McLean, Gavin</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624194345/http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2006/governors.html">The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General</a>. Dunedin: Otago University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877372-25-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-877372-25-0"><bdi>1-877372-25-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2006/governors.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors%3A+New+Zealand%27s+Governors+and+Governors-General&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=Otago+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-877372-25-0&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otago.ac.nz%2Fpress%2Fbooksauthors%2F2006%2Fgovernors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrange1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Orange" title="Claudia Orange">Orange, Claudia</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bwb.co.nz/books/the-treaty-of-waitangi">The Treaty of Waitangi</a> (Second ed.). Wellington: <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Williams_Books" title="Bridget Williams Books">Allen & Unwin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781877242489" title="Special:BookSources/9781877242489"><bdi>9781877242489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+of+Waitangi&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9781877242489&rft.aulast=Orange&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bwb.co.nz%2Fbooks%2Fthe-treaty-of-waitangi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1957" class="citation book cs1">Sinclair, Keith (1957). Origins of the Maori Wars.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Maori+Wars&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Sinclair, Keith</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1g21/grey-george">"George Grey biography"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=George+Grey+biography&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F1g21%2Fgrey-george&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1986" class="citation book cs1">Sinclair, Keith (1986). A Destiny Apart: New Zealand's Search for National Identity. Wellington: Unwin Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86861-682-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86861-682-6"><bdi>0-86861-682-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Destiny+Apart%3A+New+Zealand%27s+Search+for+National+Identity&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Unwin+Paperbacks&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-86861-682-6&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Wiremu Tamihana biography", Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Wiremu+Tamihana+biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuentin-BaxterMcLean2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Quentin-Baxter" title="Alison Quentin-Baxter">Quentin-Baxter, Alison</a>; McLean, Janet (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.auckland.ac.nz/en/browse-books/all-books/books-2017/this-realm-of-new-zealand--the-sovereign--the-governor-general--.html">This Realm of New Zealand: The Sovereign, the Governor-General, the Crown</a>. Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40875-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40875-6"><bdi>978-1-869-40875-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Realm+of+New+Zealand%3A+The+Sovereign%2C+the+Governor-General%2C+the+Crown&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-869-40875-6&rft.aulast=Quentin-Baxter&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.au=McLean%2C+Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.auckland.ac.nz%2Fen%2Fbrowse-books%2Fall-books%2Fbooks-2017%2Fthis-realm-of-new-zealand--the-sovereign--the-governor-general--.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2005" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Richard (2005). Battlers Bluffers and Bully-Boys (1st ed.). Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1869417151" title="Special:BookSources/1869417151"><bdi>1869417151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battlers+Bluffers+and+Bully-Boys&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1869417151&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSir_George_Grey" class="citation cs2">Sir George Grey, Grey Collections (MSS), Cape Town, South Africa, and Auckland, New Zealand</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grey+Collections+%28MSS%29%2C+Cape+Town%2C+South+Africa%2C+and+Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.au=Sir+George+Grey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Herald_archives">From the Herald archives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: From the Herald archives">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"A summary of 1863", New Zealand Herald, 31 December 1863</li> <li>"Letter to the editor", New Zealand Herald, 26 February 1864</li> <li>"Letter to the editor", New Zealand Herald, 19 May 1864</li> <li>"William Thompson criticised for treachery", New Zealand Herald, 11 October 1864</li> <li>"William Thompson obituary", New Zealand Herald, 5 February 1867</li> <li>"George Grey obituary", New Zealand Herald, 21 September 1898</li> <li>"Comment of George Grey", New Zealand Herald, 22 September 1898</li> <li>"The Kingitanga represents our history – and future", NZ Herald online</li> <li>"The year Auckland went mad", NZ Herald online, 25 August 2010</li> <li>The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 8, Issue 2 (1 June 1933), "Famous New Zealanders – No. 3 Sir George Grey – Some Impressions of a Great Administrator"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell,_Roslyn2001" class="citation journal cs1">Russell, Roslyn (October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120119224400/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/131760/20120120-0944/www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2001/oct01/oct01news.html">"His island home : Sir George Grey's development of Kawau Island"</a>. National Library of Australia News. XII (1): 3–6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2001/oct01/oct01news.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Australia+News&rft.atitle=His+island+home+%3A+Sir+George+Grey%27s+development+of+Kawau+Island&rft.volume=XII&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-6&rft.date=2001-10&rft.au=Russell%2C+Roslyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Fpub%2Fnlanews%2F2001%2Foct01%2Foct01news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Grey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Grey">George Grey</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_Grey" class="extiw" title="s:Author:George Grey">George Grey</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925142047/http://www.georgegrey.org.nz/">Grey Collection, some 14,000 items given to the Auckland Free Public Library in 1887 by Sir George Grey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2001/oct01/sir_george_grey.html">Grey's development of Kawau Island</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-208095.html">Works edited by Grey in the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/george-grey">Works by George Grey in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6433">Works by George Grey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/11025">Works by George Grey</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Grey%2C%20George%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22George%20Grey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Grey%2C%20George%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22George%20Grey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Grey%2C%20G%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22George%20Grey%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Grey%2C%20George%22%20OR%20description%3A%22George%20Grey%22%29%20OR%20%28%221812-1898%22%20AND%20Grey%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about George Grey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/G/GreySirGeorge/GreySirGeorge/en">"Sir George Grey" in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></li> <li>Comments on scope of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/what-we-do/we-collect#grey">Collection</a> donated in 1861 by Sir George Grey, to the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Africa" title="National Library of South Africa">South African Library</a> containing the earliest South African printed specimen by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Ritter" title="Johann Christian Ritter">Johann Christian Ritter</a> and many other manuscripts, incunabula and books.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=A2@D">George Grey entry on AustLit with links to works available in full text.</a> (subscription required outside Australia)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.slsa.sa.gov.au/c.php?g=410257&p=2794960">Sir George Grey: Books and pamphlets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002181003/https://guides.slsa.sa.gov.au/c.php?g=410257&p=2794960">Archived</a> 2 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (information about the life of former South Australian Governor George Grey)  —<a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_South_Australia" title="State Library of South Australia">State Library of South Australia</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Gawler" title="George Gawler">George Gawler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a> 1841–1845 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Robe" title="Frederick Robe">Frederick Robe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(OF-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (OF-2)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">Robert FitzRoy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor of New Zealand</a> 1845–1854 1861–1868 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Colonel <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Thomas Gore Browne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Colonel Thomas Gore Browne</div> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">George Bowen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Cathcart" title="George Cathcart">George Cathcart</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Darling" title="Charles Henry Darling">Charles Henry Darling</a> (acting)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Cape Colony">Governor of Cape Colony</a> 1854–1861 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynyard" title="Robert Wynyard">Robert Wynyard</a> (acting) <a href="/wiki/Philip_Wodehouse_(colonial_administrator)" title="Philip Wodehouse (colonial administrator)">Sir Philip Wodehouse</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Harry Atkinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a> 1877–1879 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">John Hall</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_O%27Rorke" title="Maurice O'Rorke">Maurice O'Rorke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Superintendent of Auckland Province</a> 1875–1876 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Provincial Councils abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_O%27Neill_(engineer)" title="Charles O'Neill (engineer)">Charles O'Neill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Thames_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Thames (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Thames</a> 1876–1881 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/William_Rowe_(politician)" title="William Rowe (politician)">William Rowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sheehan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Sheehan (New Zealand politician)">John Sheehan</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Sheehan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Sheehan (New Zealand politician)">John Sheehan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Speight" title="William Speight">William Speight</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_East" title="Auckland East">Member of Parliament for Auckland East</a> 1881–1887 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant<div style="font-size:90%">Constituency abolished, recreated in 1905</div><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Baume" title="Frederick Baume">Frederick Baume</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New constituency </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Auckland Central</a> 1887–1890 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant<div style="font-size:90%">Constituency abolished, recreated in 1905</div><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kidd" title="Alfred Kidd">Alfred Kidd</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Goldie_(politician)" title="David Goldie (politician)">David Goldie</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Newton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Newton (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Newton</a> 1891–1893 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Constituency abolished </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cadman" title="Alfred Cadman">Alfred Cadman</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Shera" title="John Shera">John Shera</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thompson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Thomas Thompson (New Zealand politician)">Thomas Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Auckland</a> 1893–1895 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Button" title="Charles Button">Charles Button</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Crowther_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Crowther (New Zealand politician)">William Crowther</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Thomas Thompson</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template talk:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sewell" title="Henry Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Domett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pollen" title="Daniel Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">Ballance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hall-Jones" title="William Hall-Jones">Hall-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Watt</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Governors-general of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Governors-general of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors-general of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">Governors and governors-general of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">FitzRoy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Fergusson,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet">J. Fergusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Phipps,_2nd_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby">Normanby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Baron_Stanmore" title="Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore">Hamilton-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jervois" title="William Jervois">Jervois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Onslow,_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Boyle,_7th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchter_Knox,_5th_Earl_of_Ranfurly" title="Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly">Ranfurly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Plunket,_5th_Baron_Plunket" title="William Plunket, 5th Baron Plunket">Plunket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickson-Poynder,_1st_Baron_Islington" title="John Dickson-Poynder, 1st Baron Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Foljambe,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors-general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Foljambe,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jellicoe,_1st_Earl_Jellicoe" title="John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe">Jellicoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Fergusson,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet">C. Fergusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst,_1st_Viscount_Bledisloe" title="Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe">Bledisloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Monckton-Arundell,_8th_Viscount_Galway" title="George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Newall,_1st_Baron_Newall" title="Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall">Newall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg,_1st_Baron_Freyberg" title="Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg">Freyberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie" title="Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie">Norrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Cobham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fergusson,_Baron_Ballantrae" title="Bernard Fergusson, Baron Ballantrae">B. Fergusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Porritt,_Baron_Porritt" title="Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt">Porritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Blundell" title="Denis Blundell">Blundell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Beattie" title="David Beattie">Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reeves" title="Paul Reeves">Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tizard" title="Catherine Tizard">Tizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardie_Boys" title="Michael Hardie Boys">Hardie Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Cartwright" title="Silvia Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Satyanand" title="Anand Satyanand">Satyanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mateparae" title="Jerry Mateparae">Mateparae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Reddy" title="Patsy Reddy">Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Kiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_secretaries_to_the_governor-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of official secretaries to the governor-general of New Zealand">Official secretaries to the governor-general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_governor-general_of_New_Zealand" title="Spouse of the governor-general of New Zealand">Spouses of governors-general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_the_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="Armorial of the governors-general of New Zealand">Armorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_South_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_South_Australia" title="Template:Governors of South Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_South_Australia" title="Template talk:Governors of South Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_South_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of South Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_South_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governors of South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hindmarsh" title="John Hindmarsh">Hindmarsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gawler" title="George Gawler">Gawler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Robe" title="Frederick Robe">Robe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Young" title="Henry Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Graves_MacDonnell" title="Richard Graves MacDonnell">MacDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Daly" title="Dominick Daly">Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Fergusson,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet">Fergusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Musgrave" title="Anthony Musgrave">Musgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jervois" title="William Jervois">Jervois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._F._Robinson" title="William C. F. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Keith-Falconer,_9th_Earl_of_Kintore" title="Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore">Earl of Kintore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Fowell_Buxton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Fowell Buxton, 3rd Baronet">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Baron Tennyson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg/320px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_South_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Le_Hunte" title="George Le Hunte">Le Hunte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_Bosanquet" title="Day Bosanquet">Bosanquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Galway" title="Henry Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Weigall" title="Archibald Weigall">Weigall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bridges" title="Tom Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hore-Ruthven,_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" title="Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie">Hore-Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Dugan,_1st_Baron_Dugan_of_Victoria" title="Winston Dugan, 1st Baron Dugan of Victoria">Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Barclay-Harvey" title="Malcolm Barclay-Harvey">Barclay-Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie" title="Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie">Norrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_George_(RAF_officer)" title="Robert George (RAF officer)">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edric_Bastyan" title="Edric Bastyan">Bastyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrison_(Australian_governor)" title="James Harrison (Australian governor)">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Oliphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Seaman" title="Keith Seaman">Seaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dunstan_(governor)" title="Donald Dunstan (governor)">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Mitchell" title="Roma Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Neal" title="Eric Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Jackson-Nelson" title="Marjorie Jackson-Nelson">Jackson-Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scarce" title="Kevin Scarce">Scarce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieu_Van_Le" title="Hieu Van Le">Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Adamson" title="Frances Adamson">Adamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Africa&#124;link=South_Africa_Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Template:British Governors of the Cape Colony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Template talk:British Governors of the Cape Colony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Governors of the Cape Colony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Africa&#124;link=South_Africa_Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony#British_colony_.281814.E2.80.931910.29" title="Cape Colony">Governors of the Cape Colony</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">British occupation 1806–1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_David_Baird,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet">David Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Grey" title="Henry George Grey">Henry George Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Pre_Alexander,_2nd_Earl_of_Caledon" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon">Du Pre Alexander</a></li> <li>Henry George Grey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cradock,_1st_Baron_Howden" title="John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden">John Cradock</a></li> <li>Robert Meade</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="515" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">British colony 1814–1910</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Charles_Somerset" title="Lord Charles Somerset">Charles Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufane_Shaw_Donkin" title="Rufane Shaw Donkin">Rufane Shaw Donkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke" title="Richard Bourke">Richard Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galbraith_Lowry_Cole" title="Galbraith Lowry Cole">Galbraith Lowry Cole</a></li> <li>Thomas Francis Wade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_D%27Urban" title="Benjamin D'Urban">Benjamin D'Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas_Napier" title="George Thomas Napier">George Thomas Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Maitland" title="Peregrine Maitland">Peregrine Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pottinger" title="Henry Pottinger">Henry Pottinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harry_Smith,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet">Harry Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cathcart" title="George Cathcart">George Cathcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Darling" title="Charles Henry Darling">Charles Henry Darling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynyard" title="Robert Wynyard">Robert Wynyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wodehouse_(colonial_administrator)" title="Philip Wodehouse (colonial administrator)">Philip Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Craufurd_Hay" title="Charles Craufurd Hay">Charles Craufurd Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Barkly" title="Henry Barkly">Henry Barkly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Bartle Frere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hugh_Clifford" title="Henry Hugh Clifford">Henry Hugh Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strahan_(colonial_administrator)" title="George Strahan (colonial administrator)">George Strahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Hercules Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Smyth" title="Leicester Smyth">Leicester Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Torrens_(British_Army_officer,_born_1833)" title="Henry Torrens (British Army officer, born 1833)">Henry Torrens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Smyth" title="Henry Augustus Smyth">Henry Augustus Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Loch,_1st_Baron_Loch" title="Henry Loch, 1st Baron Loch">Henry Loch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gordon_Cameron" title="William Gordon Cameron">William Gordon Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Hercules Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley_Goodenough" title="William Howley Goodenough">William Howley Goodenough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Milner">Alfred Milner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Butler_(British_Army_officer)" title="William Butler (British Army officer)">William Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hely-Hutchinson" title="Walter Hely-Hutchinson">Walter Hely-Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Scobell" title="Harry Scobell">Harry Scobell</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Those in italics were Acting Governors</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_South_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="419" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Transvaal" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Transvaal">State President of the South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="608" /></a> <a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_Orange_Free_State" title="State President of the Orange Free State">State President of the Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cape_Colony_1876-1994.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="515" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Cape Colony">Prime Minister of the Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg/15px-Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg/23px-Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg/30px-Arms_of_Natal_1907-1997.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal#Prime_Ministers_of_the_Colony_of_Natal_.281893-1910.29" title="Colony of Natal">Prime Minister of Natal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76821#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76821#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76821#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083428133">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34564597">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/129377/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqVYJMPXK4tPhky7YqbBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117558222">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84024647">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12511039s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12511039s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35150517">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20030513003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4615175">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07063968X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810604351005606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/73897">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007301331805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14155315">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daao.org.au/bio/george-grey">Australian Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findnzartists.org.nz/artist/6087/">New Zealand Artists</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/843039">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/grey-sir-george-2125">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117558222.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034345841">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sn0nnw">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/8610">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&oldid=1261954494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grey&oldid=1261954494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_births" title="Category:1812 births">1812 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_deaths" title="Category:1898 deaths">1898 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Prime ministers of New Zealand">Prime ministers of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_New_Zealand_Wars" title="Category:People of the New Zealand Wars">People of the New Zealand Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Category:Governors of the Cape Colony">Governors of the Cape Colony</a></li><li><a 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[\"CITEREFGrey1841\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkins2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilary_Mitchell,_Maui_John_Mitchell2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollis2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJay2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKawiti1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLintock\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLintock1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_King2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilne1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoxon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Malley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliver2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrange1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatricia_Burns1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuentin-BaxterMcLean2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReesRees1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers1973\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRussell,_Roslyn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutherford1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScholefield1950\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFShire_of_Northampton2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSir_George_Grey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockerCodell2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Revd._William_Williams1847\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolfe2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"British Governors of the Cape Colony\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox New Zealand Wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 52,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 30,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Grey, George\"] = 1,\n [\"DNZB\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Dictionary of Australian Biography\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Governors of South Australia\"] = 1,\n [\"Governors-General of New Zealand\"] = 1,\n [\"Gutenberg author\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox COA wide\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Librivox author\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"NZ electorate link\"] = 2,\n [\"NZ parlbox\"] = 8,\n [\"NZ parlbox break\"] = 1,\n [\"NZ parlbox footer\"] = 1,\n [\"NZ parlbox header\"] = 1,\n [\"Nee\"] = 1,\n [\"New Zealand prime ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Other people5\"] = 1,\n [\"PD-notice\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 7,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 10,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-gov\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-non\"] = 2,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 10,\n [\"S-vac\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 31,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"StandardEbooks\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource author\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","320","19.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","15.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","10.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","10.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","4.8"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:813\u003E","40","2.4"],["mw.executeModule \u003Cmw.lua:467\u003E","40","2.4"],["[others]","320","19.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d948c7fb8-wmf5f","timestamp":"20241208213902","ttl":1995676,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"George Grey","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Grey","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q76821","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q76821","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-19T12:19:27Z","dateModified":"2024-12-08T21:38:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a1\/GeorgeEdwardGrey01.jpg","headline":"British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer 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