CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913493a73961ce13',cH: 'YvmeJWaiqcuIWWtHOvNhVmoMqlNa8DqMTjxkBbI1mnw-1739782718-1.2.1.1-J.zzaelQy_aYV8njFwItMqkHq1jinWk4XqzUrEdzNlbPOfdRl5.5gGZdAd8Jk4gZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=construction%20projects&__cf_chl_tk=rdxuQVUq44mjuRpDD4rw_XB0iJX4Q5Qk.G0_rZe73_0-1739782718-1.0.1.1-6FzxFdhRJVsT776ls5bG_LMNTcNABloOpct3dMMVr3Q",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782718',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=construction%20projects&__cf_chl_f_tk=rdxuQVUq44mjuRpDD4rw_XB0iJX4Q5Qk.G0_rZe73_0-1739782718-1.0.1.1-6FzxFdhRJVsT776ls5bG_LMNTcNABloOpct3dMMVr3Q",md: "xy4rxbp.IWTjv9.IgT1yz.mcSPhqfY.ufTUKNHuqCbw-1739782718-1.2.1.1-tHEdk3BSxBxrFPq.lz4GcgltrtfQXm.2T0LNnbUp37y2Gv2nID5.Dm52KLzhEl009JqBjawoVOo8ixMLFMu5YMKFnFXff5IhTnkD2jcIXUZI9vKOnKDj9s7UcWtWjkhzx8_SCdAwiXB8BWYxHxp78rHULFbqFTsgt6Iq_M3bKuAS3Il7.Qwk09.HJeWMmtlkomWhYfj9H7_o9MVThdThjLS_TayjfC.Fu372MxJJiigc74nuZhNfj_i.rRZqfvHBhp6YAK9eTXZS1FWjrarOHHu9gtJkL_qitr1vQjJ6DPSSF_xuaQASrbzLzvcQgSjx8gp8XWLnI_dYaR0oZxjaIobIUJ3N1h2UsCp0EEeKBryzaMMvRpyEtR1GOxiCh3nMX6prizH9QApCh46u9N.QGQaza7Y5CTZcFAR2WLXr7qddY3psPDR_DxrFiy9Z4fjHgNuAJ3SmBEP32Byi5aU7ll.PNJR6uzovWC6aUa7_5yhZ8O24Oq4INCRt5PIvvqNMb3FT5WNpmHx_Ex6IDc70puHVT_OxBVZ76QZmCvmElx9riFgcu5VLDUv9QR8uDsOat3_CsQb.p9XlrGC7p6VegSn7S7EDcwfczFg8lK5jXEuYZKJ1z7_W4ygYrYptToSsERnqCquYOU4mykjgBnZVxHL9pBZf3.BNejt0kJxJ7xmXjv.zXZIdaA0QBDtBkP7JObSt_dK2G0_WtCD2xWFUt9EsEsE8tQxjgFqLP7AL8NJ7D.fJ4fJ.6xzMb3MnbrG1c7v_2R7JZhY8Nd9LguxiVxTWydDPhS3o3.pJvJdZX7Y7Swrf_nrX1AJW8wBi1C8pxTlvGTzsiM02SWyBfi87_onIw_j5oDQL3qTPa_o0lCNyyg05QsbgU3vpntRk.nK8.YohMRdmFvTKwEMfJ3FjKThRovYzs7flOFpC7w1glmN5mBrGhn7qOO7UL1Xd_nF0WeD9QpG0xVY1RE62LZpStQh6IW7nO5J73xb8LNOn7zElHBHZ_3g1UTWkwM0msPuVg8fXh9hIovQkCJGhVKpltgly1vsj6Lsz3XL1Q413l5tjVFWjCtfgOkjbQcEdfoX97VZQ3c72NxJPI5lCBj2nyLDTNbTgN9PZIZ4R0Q_lZe8v8EpynEIaWoNd_5MI0OX9O7m1c.hSv_.prNrn6xHxyY7_Bs5o3oUSXW0NFiaqPKVUwonVSWj1krcJOiRMTvCmYSyjsxKCVnfiK0Ihw6Dh9oxfEVSiIANqMizxdm2kgZNN7GdKmF745qX.1n_HdBlyf0KWKdHoAtaHlxSPgfW5kGvFQHzIB9XZ2g0e52E7ptr_1zQ1eACKopjiFNhp8pMVvPGCE6_YLlPHpq1tgpawzHCyYeRz0Xqwtzf8ZGx2FlNXwPQYINYXRIMc4L10A1yXwu5uYjy2GAlvOvNXBYRx8Vr4B5H6XuXLQJldz6XfL7vPe9IMc1QsDgjVjSiyIPOhHswhTWAv9L0DUWGDalbuHnyAkN_q33JY.6pid9b8nJ_jVv1QJUrYQZvLv2N2R7g_hNeS52JcCCer47m2tQ5dO6joJQPd7Z2Z7yGERrB7vaWL53S9CAivqdRnLtQilMRuAwQ72448WQTaqkEiGiv7a28bwyYGCX49fJITvNQJ88DVkBSQfAUxNYeRLqJw1GuVEDfYJKtaAPC7jt2_Sig1pMKPUBoLQp5HlqP6nRzDVCSAxWTy7yVDd5inQ.VEmBoVWyR.xS4HydLnmW5RCgFheyUke2quVV3S1S2KhunFkQBLU7y880ZJwkjvajticw5G4BxPX_1L2jYT_Wzq3kzBt1M0jFPkQqajFNC7KhExW42Kfl7s_u3ukHFhcsnLTCTZphivthNBoK5E75Kcgj15bVPqABR7.W_WAaHWrlX7iLniMV83Q8G38U7ufs4vcbALGDYSD7bxYdAsDaq5AZk1bj8y593GmmHPK.5XzHs2r8JCtGxigOBUdUnCKo.XbPg0",mdrd: "VEUikxa8qkXakQRaJepLcBxbOo0i2xYl3OYfRLP2dKs-1739782718-1.2.1.1-nMI9AOLz1NU8GYn6tVB0Qx8Pf4qBxVb5JMc8hfRL2HTpUJZhi._..yK94VFUY2Qg1iGZ8JAOLr75HMijoi4GTVimIPG35.7fhys92EqlWAed7VIc8vHLqOkkDLy.rLLfFYIm.y8h8rY.uAG8oMhTzGpCqA5pSTFiC5AkZ1kUVfsx2FQ20xt1tyWBQAH3s42QMHfgAae9fKfF3IbVWduE1ogqdi.j593ahNY2VumANMUZa0A_HMaNP6YfZdq9dl9LWoRt6DLnd8xeT4b3LOWUcUROcbhjC9ZgSLVSKdynN2e8ayCpYYlkGQDSAP.by2Ak86Ee4Oas0noRXaFuL.f6GJq05rNQoR0M8VCnrjmt64pNBlsZE_ueep1IzRGb5goQGS6g5eWj5bry1wTAiuDzUGBNRxae2k6YzNzunagd9WLLNL14aUswIpf9AZtrW2SU6EzD6121HCPv0UwiZ4.fXvT2LuXHtzsWuDgjsPeTPxUmEQ9vv8xF3hsJgizXMt0W7co3wnfByy6r8t_DhQXZ7mRiBfn8yuie3Q7VskC_dO.whld_VT.tadQn_pDMszweEMoz6hMvsBD7vA2aOiDIAOmqOwYHwSVANdvQdMzO3DXrYHrw1hP6mBr4ppqTvpNgU.EUfSFmRzWeXIRxz5x4zl_ttTA60J9yX4WBq_hmJAKvrEhRSgRTlMrFmCsd23AGaLgbEy3fDKhsLzJKpYImUUVUzcAGBVrXHQKCPIA25RB2_97Fvo_j9mLQmGJDXoqUUpTezP37Sj3cdegKDRfvFX0oFXb8OsNPC9V50rAlXBrivIf2P9x4NG7Pb4cNwPWKAEBCc6WPaFCG4owTXNy4i1d0rpWaLlI.qvaRFsYjlm95iySoCbVGfgw3ME_kM2kANhDVi9fpBpmsqtdQNdkMYcJqOfTuNj9tMKnH6D2eJc7sSf.6CJwhpiVrkdDe7HVYxRKXLk7_CeWxeKEEQmSKVJCF.log1zM.UtjYFz7WVIvcVt38R_ihi6AwNDbBWglEHy7PH5D2_xUKLgkSHbqHkOFQXy7MnRzEvcPNbDsPTp14yMH2EW45n2UA5m8j2Bcy66FQwABVW8QWbbeBLTFwj0ndHVUWatpBEvKjRUA7Yh.gXrIYon07uMG6rhNgJmKrYM61KHojaBTvt47bu5PdT72goleXwJaWmZoCluwfaVrbUzxQv364M0QUsN4nJTJ646pElbH3_u9a2Kn6cYi_fIPayN5XJWYtP39XAPF_9MjbPc_zoA0xOYldlqBiscbjaGm0Uv5EEFGUjGtjjhJ.oym_a4qd1cijWZ07E4QSh7rSBgnshn2MBOFEst145ILAyAvzPV9Gg_z0WO3CoceGOpQlUBnrjdZh.Pwy90DDd3xygtep2ry.tBn0rXWBFqS0P7UfbmTzf70l1B0y7ZV3A4FxMTRZKVP9Ua6Hr0_ezYluG2nMQAeVazpCfS9VQ10mOhYj2ahdYVQaf5MlnUOr6jKMjBZ.AIz7a70PnK.QnnOUWO7WD75BRWQLFW8pZFTcQUQYKxtvNufh2JaJ3sgDFVBnYOaHr5MXWn1ftSGIRsIre5PO6QlOMHW7Wuk.Q3diETKpkwaH_6pzuLg2eY83OHZm0TulGExIpgGHdsNwHyMTRq.X2NM91AJYpsEPI9fvZF4AgiX1tJjMUjrFgP6tBH4LlC7fN8XCrLv3UyjU67A6Vq5nuKrMyqpNxFCa78DD2WoEVps3Zpbs8997Vw0ZF2BRryMFwvqDGgw.UcopEmxVjZJv9hXLZIcPwMrs9x1Zlym70UrKjsjCXn6Grqc6I3Z4oLP9s1xGBzpBV0bgGGGaamwe.SAHgMGGmjIW8e0FkK1yJ9L12m3yR9qyr7VqhHXRqlRcactnTkfegdXMc4B0tjEy71SWjzz0QzNGLUVZHKk.fX2Iu2uIk.wUJVa43Kmj9va4aVQVFVxgt4ofFPaQ.Z73G0kPFj6euXWEkHVg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913493a73961ce13';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=construction%20projects&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rdxuQVUq44mjuRpDD4rw_XB0iJX4Q5Qk.G0_rZe73_0-1739782718-1.0.1.1-6FzxFdhRJVsT776ls5bG_LMNTcNABloOpct3dMMVr3Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>