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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-詞語釋義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞語釋義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>詞語釋義</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-詞語釋義-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关詞語釋義子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-詞語釋義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-喇嘛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#喇嘛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>喇嘛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-喇嘛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-起源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关起源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-前弘期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前弘期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>前弘期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前弘期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後弘期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後弘期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>後弘期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後弘期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝聖之路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝聖之路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>朝聖之路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝聖之路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>传播</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-传播-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关传播子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-传播-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-元朝鼎盛時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元朝鼎盛時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>元朝鼎盛時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元朝鼎盛時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-转轮王傳統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#转轮王傳統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>转轮王傳統</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-转轮王傳統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-專寵末法時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#專寵末法時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>專寵末法時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-專寵末法時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>近代發展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-显宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#显宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>显宗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-显宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-密宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#密宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>密宗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-密宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>教派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>经典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-僧侣制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#僧侣制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>僧侣制度</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-僧侣制度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关僧侣制度子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-僧侣制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-稱謂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#稱謂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>稱謂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-稱謂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-礼仪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#礼仪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>礼仪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-礼仪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>法器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>法乐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法舞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法舞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>法舞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法舞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节日及庆典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节日及庆典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>节日及庆典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节日及庆典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-法会节庆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法会节庆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.1</span> <span>法会节庆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法会节庆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民间节日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民间节日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.2</span> <span>民间节日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民间节日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>艺术文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩展阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩展阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>扩展阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩展阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">藏傳佛教</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。79种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibettaanse_Boeddhisme" title="Tibettaanse Boeddhisme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tibettaanse Boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetischer_Buddhismus" title="Tibetischer Buddhismus – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tibetischer Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بوذية تبتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوذية تبتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismu_tibetanu" title="Budismu tibetanu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Budismu tibetanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_buddizmi" title="Tibet buddizmi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibet buddizmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Тибет буддизмы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тибет буддизмы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тыбецкі будызм – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбецкі будызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Тибетски будизъм – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тибетски будизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="তিব্বতি বৌদ্ধধর্ম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিব্বতি বৌদ্ধধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanski_budizam" title="Tibetanski budizam – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tibetanski budizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisme_tibet%C3%A0" title="Budisme tibetà – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Budisme tibetà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetsk%C3%BD_buddhismus" title="Tibetský buddhismus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tibetský buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_buddhisme" title="Tibetansk buddhisme – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tibetansk buddhisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus_in_Tibet" title="Buddhismus in Tibet – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buddhismus in Tibet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizm%C3%AA_Tibeti" title="Budizmê Tibeti – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Budizmê Tibeti" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Θιβετιανός Βουδισμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θιβετιανός Βουδισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tibetan Buddhism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeta_budhismo" title="Tibeta budhismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibeta budhismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo_tibetano" title="Budismo tibetano – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Budismo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibeti_budism" title="Tiibeti budism – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiibeti budism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetar_budismo" title="Tibetar budismo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibetar budismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="بودیسم تبتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بودیسم تبتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamalaisuus" title="Lamalaisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lamalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhisme_tib%C3%A9tain" title="Bouddhisme tibétain – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouddhisme tibétain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo_tibetano" title="Budismo tibetano – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Budismo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99" title="בודהיזם טיבטי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בודהיזם טיבטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanski_budizam" title="Tibetanski budizam – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tibetanski budizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti_buddhizmus" title="Tibeti buddhizmus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibeti buddhizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տիբեթական բուդդայականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիբեթական բուդդայականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisme_Tibet" title="Buddhisme Tibet – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buddhisme Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbeskur_b%C3%BAddismi" title="Tíbeskur búddismi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tíbeskur búddismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddismo_tibetano" title="Buddismo tibetano – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buddismo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99" title="チベット仏教 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット仏教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტური ბუდიზმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტური ბუდიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81" title="ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅទីបេ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅទីបេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90" title="티베트 불교 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티베트 불교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B)" title="Ламаизм (тибет бурканчылыгы) – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ламаизм (тибет бурканчылыгы)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus_Tibetanus" title="Buddhismus Tibetanus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Buddhismus Tibetanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizmo_tibetano" title="Budizmo tibetano – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Budizmo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto_budizmas" title="Tibeto budizmas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibeto budizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamaisms" title="Lamaisms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lamaisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodisma_tibetana" title="Bodisma tibetana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bodisma tibetana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Төвөдийн Буддын шашин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөдийн Буддын шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="तिबेटी बौद्ध धर्म – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिबेटी बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisme_Tibet" title="Buddhisme Tibet – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buddhisme Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%93%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="တိဗက်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိဗက်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="सँदेय्‌या बुद्ध धर्म – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सँदेय्‌या बुद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaans_boeddhisme" title="Tibetaans boeddhisme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetaans boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_buddhisme" title="Tibetansk buddhisme – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibetansk buddhisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8C%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ତିବ୍ୱତୀ ବୌଦ୍ଧଧର୍ମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତିବ୍ୱତୀ ବୌଦ୍ଧଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤਿਬਤੀ ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿਬਤੀ ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddyzm_tybeta%C5%84ski" title="Buddyzm tybetański – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buddyzm tybetański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%85" title="تبتی بدھ دھرم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تبتی بدھ دھرم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo_tibetano" title="Budismo tibetano – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Budismo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budissem_tibetan" title="Budissem tibetan – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Budissem tibetan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism_tibetan" title="Budism tibetan – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Budism tibetan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тибетский буддизм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетский буддизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tibetan Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanski_budizam" title="Tibetanski budizam – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tibetanski budizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tibetan Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetsk%C3%BD_budhizmus" title="Tibetský budhizmus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tibetský budhizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizmi_tibetian" title="Budizmi tibetian – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Budizmi tibetian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тибетански будизам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тибетански будизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_buddhism" title="Tibetansk buddhism – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tibetansk buddhism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuddha_wa_kitibeti" title="Ubuddha wa kitibeti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubuddha wa kitibeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8C%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="திபெத்திய பௌத்தம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத்திய பௌத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismong_Tibetano" title="Budismong Tibetano – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Budismong Tibetano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Budizmi" title="Tibet Budizmi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibet Budizmi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тибетський буддизм – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибетський буддизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تبتی بدھ مت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبتی بدھ مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_buddizmi" title="Tibet buddizmi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibet buddizmi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%ADt_gi%C3%A1o_T%C3%A2y_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Phật giáo Tây Tạng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phật giáo Tây Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏传佛教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="藏传佛教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-ch%C5%8Dng_Hu%CC%8Dt-k%C3%A0u" title="Se-chōng Hu̍t-kàu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-chōng Hu̍t-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藏傳佛教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q483889#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目已<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">列出參考資料</a>，但<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8" 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a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="color:black; background:#F5DEB3; border:3px solid #B00760; width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="color:#B00760;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#B00760">藏传佛教</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="金刚"><img alt="金刚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/150px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/225px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/300px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>金刚</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">教派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BD%93%E6%B4%BE" title="噶当派">噶当派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%9B%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="觉囊派">觉囊派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">雍仲本教</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">主要人物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龙树菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%9E%A2%E5%8F%8B" title="无垢友">无垢友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%95%E5%B3%BD" title="阿底峽">阿底峽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="馬爾巴">馬爾巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">称谓</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" title="仁波切">仁波切</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="喇嘛">喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古">活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E6%99%BA%E9%81%94" title="班智達">班智達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E5%B8%83" title="堪布">堪布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%A5%BF" title="格西">格西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%9C%96%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96" title="呼圖克圖">呼圖克圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%81%B5%E7%AB%A5" title="转世灵童">转世灵童</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#F5DEB3">活佛系统</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅额尔德尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%98%89%E5%91%BC%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="章嘉呼图克图">章嘉呼图克图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%8A%E4%B8%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%91%BC%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="哲布尊丹巴呼图克图">哲布尊丹巴呼图克图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="熱振活佛">熱振活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E5%A2%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="策墨林活佛">策墨林活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%A8%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="德木活佛">德木活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%AF%9F%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="达察活佛">达察活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B7%B4" title="噶玛巴">噶玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%B7%B4" title="夏瑪巴">夏瑪巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="Template:藏传佛教活佛"><b>更多</b></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">主要寺庙</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="喇嘛寺">喇嘛寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%AD%E5%AF%BA" title="大昭寺">大昭寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%AD%E5%AF%BA" title="小昭寺">小昭寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E4%B8%B9%E5%AF%BA" title="甘丹寺">甘丹寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E8%9A%8C%E5%AF%BA" title="哲蚌寺">哲蚌寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%8B%89%E5%AF%BA" title="色拉寺">色拉寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E4%BB%80%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%BA" title="扎什伦布寺">扎什伦布寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%AF%BA" title="塔尔寺">塔尔寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%9C%E6%A5%9E%E5%AF%BA" title="拉卜楞寺">拉卜楞寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%BA" title="昌珠寺">昌珠寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="松赞林寺">松赞林寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8F%E7%8F%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" title="敏珠林寺">敏珠林寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%BA" title="楚布寺">楚布寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%BA" title="大藏寺">大藏寺</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="藏传佛教寺庙列表">更多</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">主要节日</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="藏历新年">新年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E6%9C%97%E6%9C%A8%E7%A5%88%E6%84%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%9A" title="默朗木祈愿大法会">传大召</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E6%9C%97%E6%9C%A8%E5%B0%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="默朗木小会">传小召</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%A1%BF%E8%8A%82" title="雪顿节">雪顿节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%95" title="佛誕">佛誕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A8%E6%A1%91" title="煨桑">煨桑节</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="藏族节日">更多</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#F5DEB3; background:#B00760;">文化</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">藏曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏医</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%91%AC" title="天葬">天葬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8F%A0" title="天珠">天珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8D%A1" title="唐卡">唐卡</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/20px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/30px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/40px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教大綱（页面不存在）">佛教大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主题</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetian_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/20px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/30px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/40px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist nounderlines skin-invert" style="float: right; clear: both; border: 2px solid #af4630; background: #ffffe8; text-align:center;width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/240px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">基本教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B" title="四谛">四圣谛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%A0%E7%BC%98" title="十二因缘">十二因缘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">五蘊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="業 (佛教)">業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="佛教戒律">戒律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E5%A5%88%E8%80%B6" title="毗奈耶">毗奈耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">尸羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E9%82%A3" title="禪那">禪那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%84" title="业处">业处</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波羅密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0" title="三法印">三法印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识">佛教共識宣言</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D" title="果位">修行成就/果位</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">辟支佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%9C" title="四向四果">四向四果</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" title="阿罗汉">阿罗汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%90%AB" title="阿那含">阿那含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%90%AB" title="斯陀含">斯陀含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E9%99%80%E6%B4%B9" title="須陀洹">須陀洹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教人物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Buddhists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教人物列表（页面不存在）">人物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Buddhists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Buddhists</span></a></span>）</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90" title="十大弟子">十大弟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%90" title="迦多衍尼子">迦多衍尼子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="提婆 (人名)">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%91%97" title="无著">无著</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BA%B2" title="世亲">世亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%BA%E9%9F%B3" title="覺音">覺音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A0%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97%E4%BB%80" title="鸠摩罗什">鸠摩罗什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" title="慧遠">慧遠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9" title="菩提达摩">菩提达摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E9%A1%97" title="智顗">智顗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E8%83%BD" title="惠能">惠能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">宗派</a>、國家和地區</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="三乘">三乘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">中乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="小乘佛教">小乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%9B%E4%B9%98" title="一佛乘">一佛乘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">漢傳</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏傳</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏傳佛教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏傳佛教史（页面不存在）">藏傳佛教史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Tibetan Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="斯里兰卡佛教">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="緬甸佛教">緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="泰國佛教">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">中國大陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="台灣佛教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="新加坡佛教">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="马来西亚佛教">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">歐美</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">佛教历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教時間線">佛教時間線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="结集">结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="原始佛教研究">原始佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">初期佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="根本分裂">根本分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E9%83%A8" title="大眾部">大眾部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8" title="上座部">上座部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B" title="阿育王">阿育王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">南傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="佛教在印度的衰落">於印度衰落</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難">法難</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教现代主义">佛教现代主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="人間佛教">人間佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%96%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="入世佛教">左翼佛教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">經籍</a>舉要</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏">巴利大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">漢文大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="藏文大藏经">藏文大藏经</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a> <ul><li>南传<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9F%AF%E8%80%B6" title="尼柯耶">尼柯耶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93" title="法句經">法句經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="大般若经">大般若经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">心經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">法華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B7%B1%E5%AF%86%E7%B6%93" title="解深密經">解深密經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="華嚴經">華嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">維摩經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83%E7%B6%93" class="mw-disambig" title="涅槃經">涅槃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%82%B2%E5%92%92" title="大悲咒">大悲咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="楞嚴經">楞嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E8%A7%89%E7%BB%8F" title="圆觉经">圆觉经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E7%90%89%E7%92%83%E5%85%89%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E6%9C%AC%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" title="藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經">藥師經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="地藏菩萨本愿经">地藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%8C%E9%99%80%E7%B6%93" title="阿彌陀經">阿彌陀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%96%E5%9D%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="六祖坛经">坛经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96" title="大智度論">大智度論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A3%A8%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="阿毗达磨俱舍论">俱舍論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="佛教聖地">聖地</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%8D" title="精舍">精舍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" title="八大圣地">八圣地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="四大佛教名山">四道場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2" title="汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院">汉地寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%A1%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古塔列表（页面不存在）">佛塔列表</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">相關主題</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="佛教修行制度">修学制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:佛教組織">組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:佛教人物">人物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:佛教模板">佛教模板</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:佛教主题">佛教主題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TheravadaBuddhism" title="Template:TheravadaBuddhism">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:PaliCanon" title="Template:PaliCanon">巴利聖典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4" title="对佛教的批判">批評</a></li> <li>論諍 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E9%9D%9E%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%AA%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%8D" title="大乘非佛說論諍">大乘非佛說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%96%B9%E8%AB%B8%E4%BD%9B%E8%AB%8D%E8%AB%96" title="十方諸佛諍論">十方諸佛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教大綱（页面不存在）">佛教大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/18px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/27px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/36px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主題</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="WikiProject:佛教">佛教专题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template:佛教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:佛教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:佛教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetian_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/180px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/270px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/360px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>藏傳佛教<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪">法輪</a>之一，飾以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="五色 (佛教)">五智如來色</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8-Signs_KHORLO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/8-Signs_KHORLO.svg/180px-8-Signs_KHORLO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/8-Signs_KHORLO.svg/270px-8-Signs_KHORLO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/8-Signs_KHORLO.svg/360px-8-Signs_KHORLO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>藏傳佛教<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪">法輪</a>之二，飾以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="五色 (佛教)">五智如來色</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>藏傳佛教</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64579233">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","BabelStone Tibetan Slim",Jomolhari,"Yagpo Tibetan Uni","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Serif Tibetan","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན།</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a>：<span class="Unicode">bod brgyud nang bstan</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语拼音</a>：<span class="Unicode">Pö gyü Nangdän</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古語">蒙古語</a>：<span lang="mn">Төвөдийн Буддын шашин</span>），或称<b>藏语系佛教</b>，或俗稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E6%95%99" title="喇嘛教">喇嘛教</a>，是指傳入<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>分支。屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="南傳佛教">南傳佛教</a>并称<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>三大地理体系，但以<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">密宗</a>傳承為其主要特色。 </p><p>藏传佛教以卷帙浩繁，渊博深奥的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏文</a>文献著称。有举世闻名的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E7%8F%A0%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="甘珠尔">甘珠尔</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="丹珠爾">丹珠尔</a>》两大佛学丛书。<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语文</a>与记录<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">佛教经典</a>使用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>有紧密的传承关系，从<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>翻译的内容，不论词意，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语</a>是唯一可以还原<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a>的语言文字<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语文</a>也是唯一完整地记录自<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a>佛诞辰两千多年来，形成和发展的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>教义、佛教哲学，以及佛教科学的文字，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E7%83%82%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="那烂陀">那烂陀</a>传承中，所有的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E6%95%99" title="显教">显</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密</a>论典。特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="因明">因明</a>论典的教、学传承和方式，当今惟有在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a>中有完整记载和保存<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。國學大師<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E7%82%B3%E9%BA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="章炳麟">章炳麟</a>評價西藏<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF" title="学术">學術</a>傳統：“既有文明之學，不受他熏”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9A%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖嚴法師">聖嚴法師</a>認為藏傳佛教的發展是西藏本土的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>等民间宗教加上印度晚期混合<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅門教">婆羅門教</a>的佛教<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密教</a>思想而完成的，整體而言是印藏的合璧<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>藏传佛教始於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B4%8A%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="松贊干布">松贊干布</a>時期，佛教由<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E4%BF%B1%E5%BA%95%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="毗俱底公主">毗俱底公主</a>自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%90%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="文成公主">文成公主</a>自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9C%B0" title="汉地">汉地</a>傳入<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>。藏传佛教所传承戒律是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E6%9C%89%E9%83%A8" title="根本說一切有部">根本说一切有部</a>比丘戒在西藏第一次确立是775年。当时，印度大德<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂护</a>和随行三十名比丘造访落成于中部西藏的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>。出自寂护的根本说一切有部比丘戒传承在九世纪末叶<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a>灭佛期间几乎断绝。三位根本说一切有部比丘幸存者在两位汉人<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E5%BE%8B" title="四分律">四分律</a>比丘的帮助下通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E9%92%A6%C2%B7%E8%B4%A1%E5%B7%B4%E9%A5%B6%E8%B5%9B" title="喇钦·贡巴饶赛">贡巴饶赛</a>又复兴了此一传承。贡巴饶赛一系的根本说一切有部比丘戒传承后又被带回中部土蕃，称之为“下部戒律传承”。十世纪末叶在土蕃西部，藏王意希沃向印度求法在其王国建立、或者说重建了根本说一切有部比丘戒传承。他将东印度旁底特（学者）达磨波罗及其数名弟子延请至位于西部土蕃的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王国</a>，建立了根本说一切有部比丘戒的第二次传承。此一系被称为“上部戒律传承”。1204年，绰浦罗扎瓦（大译师）将印度大德、那烂陀寺最后一任座主释迦希巴札延邀至土蕃以避入侵的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="古尔王朝">廓尔王朝</a>古斯突厥人的破坏。在土蕃，释迦希巴札及其随行的印度僧侣根据萨迦派传统为要出家者施行了根本说一切有部比丘戒，从而开始了根本说一切有部比丘戒的第三次传承。此一系分两支系，其一出自释迦希巴札对<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E7%8F%AD%E6%99%BA%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦班智達">萨迦班智达</a>之施戒，另一形式为释迦希巴札为他后来所教训的一僧侣团体施戒，后者最终分裂形成萨迦四大僧伽。 </p><p>在赤松德贊時期古印度佛教僧侶<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂護</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度佛教</a>傳入西藏，及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="中觀派">隨瑜伽行自續派</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B2%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="莲花生">莲花生</a>来到<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>，制服本地原始<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>的同時，也接受西藏苯教等本土宗教的部分內容，逐渐建立了密教的基礎，此一时期称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%BC%98%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="前弘期">前弘期</a>。此后西藏佛教经过<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a>時期灭佛运动的破坏后，约百年之久，到了宋朝初年，才又渐渐复兴起来，并逐渐形成了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="噶举派">噶举</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BD%93%E6%B4%BE" title="噶当派">噶当</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%9B%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="觉囊派">觉囊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁</a>等各派的传承，此一时期称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%BC%98%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="后弘期">后弘期</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a>創<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯派">格魯派</a>，成為藏傳佛教的主流後，藏密大盛，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">西藏</a>出现了<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>，由兩位固定的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E4%B8%96" title="轉世">轉世</a>法王統治西藏，分別稱作<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="达赖">達賴</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="班禅">班禪</a>。藏傳佛教的流传地集中在中国<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>、印度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E5%81%95%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="喜马偕尔邦">喜马偕尔邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拉达克">拉达克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="錫金">錫金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%B0%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="达兰萨拉">达兰萨拉</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="图瓦共和国">圖瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="布里亚特共和国">布里亞特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="卡尔梅克共和国">卡爾梅克</a>。13世纪，开始流传于<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>和中原地区，至今，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" title="土族">土</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E6%97%8F" title="裕固族">裕固</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%B1%B3%E6%97%8F" title="普米族">普米</a>等民族，仍多信奉藏传佛教。近现代，藏传佛教逐渐流传到世界各地。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞語釋義"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E8.AA.9E.E9.87.8B.E7.BE.A9"></span>詞語釋義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞語釋義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以地理位置劃分的佛教派別最初為南傳佛教和北傳佛教兩支。由古印度向南方傳播到斯里蘭卡、東南亞以及中國<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="雲南">雲南</a>等地以上座部佛教為主的流傳，被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="南傳佛教">南傳佛教</a>」，其經典多為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴利語">巴利語</a>所寫。現在流行於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="緬甸">緬甸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="寮國">寮國</a>等地。北傳佛教主要由北方經絲綢之路向<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等國傳播，其經典多為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>、各種中亞文字和中文。自藏傳佛教出現後，南傳北傳佛教兩支的劃分漸漸退出，取而代之的是南傳佛教、漢傳佛教和藏傳佛教的劃分法。按教理劃分，南傳佛教即是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a>，而漢傳佛教和藏傳佛教同屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="喇嘛教"><span id=".E5.96.87.E5.98.9B.E6.95.99"></span>喇嘛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：喇嘛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E6%95%99" title="喇嘛教">喇嘛教</a></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E6%95%99" title="喇嘛教">喇嘛教</a></b>一词是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>民间对藏傳佛教的简称。这种称呼在历史上随后也被欧洲语言沿用。该词在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语</a>中和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="學術界">学术界</a>被认为是一个輕蔑語或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E7%BE%A9" title="貶義">貶義</a>詞（即暗示这种宗教是喇嘛揑造，而非传承于佛教），<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因此，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>或相關當局打算弃用这一词，“目前多采用藏传佛教代称喇嘛教”。<sup id="cite_ref-中国少数民族史大辞典_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国少数民族史大辞典-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不過，喇嘛（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Lama</b></span>）一詞也是對西藏藏傳佛教僧侶或上師的尊稱，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="達賴喇嘛">達賴喇嘛</a>(藏文：ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་，藏语拼音：Dalai Lama)，因此藏傳佛教一直以來，在民間以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆帝</a>撰的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E8%AF%B4" title="喇嘛说">喇嘛說</a>》，因为藏传密宗以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%88" title="上师">上师</a>高于佛法僧为四皈依(也高於所有護法神)，傳統上仍然稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E6%95%99" title="喇嘛教">喇嘛教</a>，因藏语的喇嘛译为上师（德語：<span lang="de">Lamaismus</span>；英語：<span lang="en">lamaism</span>）作為俗稱或代稱。绝大多数正统的藏学家都认为，“喇嘛教”这样的称呼极不严谨，属典型的外来词语，故不再使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_sects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Buddhist_sects.png/220px-Buddhist_sects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Buddhist_sects.png/330px-Buddhist_sects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Buddhist_sects.png/440px-Buddhist_sects.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption>佛教主要教派分布，藍色地区即是藏傳佛教流行的地区</figcaption></figure> <p>佛教在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">西藏</a>的发展分“前弘期”和“后弘期”。前者自7世纪至838年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a>禁佛约200余年。后者开始之年颇多异说，依<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E6%95%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="仲敦巴">仲敦巴</a>之说，当始于978年，至今已达千年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前弘期"><span id=".E5.89.8D.E5.BC.98.E6.9C.9F"></span>前弘期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：前弘期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%A5%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%8A" title="赤祖德贊">赤祖德贊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8F%AF%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蓮華生">蓮華生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E7%91%AA%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="寧瑪派">寧瑪派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%A4" title="拉萨法诤">拉萨法诤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Songsten_Gampo%27s_statue_in_his_meditation_cave_at_Yerpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/King_Songsten_Gampo%27s_statue_in_his_meditation_cave_at_Yerpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="287" height="445" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E5%8F%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%AF%BA" title="扎叶巴寺">扎叶巴寺</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a>打坐像</figcaption></figure> <p>西藏的佛教開始於西元四世紀中葉，吐蕃<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%99%AE" title="赞普">贊普</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E8%84%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%81%82%E8%B5%9E" title="拉脱脱日聂赞">拉脱脱日聂赞</a>在位時期，西藏開始出現佛教三宝所依和供奉。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根據後代藏傳佛教文獻的說法，藏傳佛教始於西元7世紀中葉。當時吐蕃贊普<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B4%8A%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="松贊干布">松贊干布</a>先後娶了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E4%BF%B1%E5%BA%95%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="毗俱底公主">毗俱底公主</a>（布裏庫捉，藏名尺尊或赤尊公主）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%90%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="文成公主">文成公主</a>。641年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E8%A7%80" title="貞觀">貞觀</a>十五年，江夏郡王、禮部尚書<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="李道宗">李道宗</a>護送女兒文成公主入吐蕃，以十二歲等身<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="釋迦牟尼">釋迦牟尼</a>像、珍寶、經書、經典360卷等作為嫁妝。他同时也从尼泊尔和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E6%B9%BF%E5%BC%A5%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="迦湿弥罗">迦湿弥罗</a>等国引进诸多经书、佛像和佛塔<sup id="cite_ref-gb-zhwqn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb-zhwqn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在他的兩個妻子，文成公主和毗俱底公主共同的影響下皈依了佛教，并为文成公主带去的佛像分建<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%AD%E5%AF%BA" title="小昭寺">小昭寺</a>，为毗俱底公主攜帶的八歲等身釋尊佛像建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%AD%E5%AF%BA" title="大昭寺">大昭寺</a>。他派遣大臣<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9E%E5%BC%A5%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%B8%83%E6%89%8E" title="吞弥·桑布扎">吞弥·桑布扎</a>等十六人到印度學習<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>和佛經，回來後創造了<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>文字並開始翻譯了一些佛經；到了8世紀中葉藏王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E6%9D%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%8A" title="赤松德贊">赤松德贊</a>迎請<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂護</a>大師及弟子<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E6%88%92" title="蓮花戒">蓮花戒</a>入藏，建立了吐蕃第一座出家僧寺（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>），並為七位藏族貴族剃度出家（此即著名的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E8%A6%BA%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="七覺士">七覺士</a>」），逐漸奠定藏傳佛教的基礎。但此時仍有許多人反對。後嫻曉三藏典籍的大法師寂護大師返印，敦請精通<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="曼特罗">真言</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8F%AF%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蓮華生">蓮華生</a>大士由印度入藏。蓮花生大士來到吐蕃之後，示現多種<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%80%9A" title="神通">神通</a>，在折服原來盛行的本地原始宗教<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>同时，也兼吸苯教的一些内容，並傳下大量珍貴的密法，開創了西藏<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a>。 </p><p>蓮花生的行爲使得後世的藏密諸派皆對他尊崇備至。此外，赤松德贊為了奠定佛教根基，也廣泛地翻譯經典。其不僅從印度迎請多位譯師入蕃譯經，也派遣藏族才俊前往印度學習教典及翻譯。如此，不但保存了大量的印度佛經，亦將佛教推向吐蕃宗教中的最高位。據現存的登嘎爾目錄（布敦認為是赤松德贊<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%9C" title="王府">王府</a>所編），當時譯出的大小顯密經律論有738種（內從漢文轉譯的32種），故當時佛教流傳是很興盛的。蓮華生另一個重要的貢獻，是他吸取了許多西藏傳有的傳統與信仰的元素，加入印度佛教之中，使得佛教信仰得以在西藏生根，建立了獨特的藏傳佛教風格。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SongstenGampoandwives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/SongstenGampoandwives.jpg/400px-SongstenGampoandwives.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/SongstenGampoandwives.jpg/600px-SongstenGampoandwives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/SongstenGampoandwives.jpg/800px-SongstenGampoandwives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BA%E5%B0%8A%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="尺尊公主">尺尊公主</a>（左）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B4%8A%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="松贊干布">松贊干布</a>（中）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%90%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="文成公主">文成公主</a>（右）</figcaption></figure> <p>當時唐朝<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%B8%AB" title="禪師">禪師</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E5%B8%83%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E8%A1%8D" title="堪布摩诃衍">摩訶衍</a>，藏文稱其為「和尚」（Hva-san）或「大乘和尚」（Mahāyāna Hva-san）入藏宏揚<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a>，後與<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E6%88%92" title="蓮花戒">蓮花戒</a>辯論，史称“<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%A4" title="拉萨法诤">顿渐之争</a>”、「桑耶論諍」或「西藏諍論」。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大乘和尚所倡论点是，成佛之道应通过个人突发的顿悟，此顿悟来源于摒除包括善恶在内的一切思考。莲花戒认为任何人都不可能全部摒除思考，要求自己不作任何思考的本身就是一种思考；他坚持只有经过逐渐的修持，才能取得成就，批评顿悟派不别善恶、不积善行，幻想立地成佛，实为束手待毙。双方反复争辩，甚为激烈。大乘和尚曾一度占上风，但最后败北，被迫返回<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C)" title="沙州 (敦煌)">沙州</a>（今甘肃<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；赤松德贊下令不得再修頓門法<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因為西藏王室刻意壓抑漢傳佛教的影響力，使得漢傳佛教無法進入西藏。但是在西藏固有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1" title="大圆满">大圓滿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="大手印">大手印</a>傳承中，仍然可以看出它受到漢傳佛教影響的痕跡<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>佛教傳入西藏後，與本土的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>發生衝突，史称“佛苯之争”。841年，吐蕃<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%A5%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%8A" title="赤祖德贊">赤祖德赞</a>在信奉苯教的贵族大臣发动的政变中被杀，其兄<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a>被拥戴即赞普位后，禁止佛教在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>境内流传，寺廟被毀，佛經被焚，僧人被迫還俗或被殺害。這使得藏傳佛教在往後的百年間陷入了黑暗期。史称朗达玛滅佛。经过此次禁佛运动，至100多年后，佛教才从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="多康">多康</a>地区重新传入西藏，开始了后弘期。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="後弘期"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E5.BC.98.E6.9C.9F"></span>後弘期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：後弘期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>9世紀中葉，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA%E6%BB%85%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗達瑪滅佛（页面不存在）">朗達瑪滅佛</a>，曾有一段時間（842－978年）佛教沉寂了。後來由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="西康">西康</a>地區再度傳入，藏傳佛教又得復甦。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="朗達瑪">朗達瑪</a>滅佛後，因經典散失，開始有人發掘編輯舊有保留的佛經，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%97%8F" title="伏藏">伏藏</a>，根據前弘期舊譯經典及伏藏所建立的教派稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E7%91%AA%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="寧瑪派">寧瑪派</a>，又稱舊派（舊譯派）。而在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="朗達瑪">朗達瑪</a>滅佛之後，重新由印度取回重譯的經典，稱新譯。由大譯師<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%AC%BD%E6%A1%91%E5%B8%83" title="仁欽桑布">仁欽桑波</a>重興的佛教為後弘期。此後印度的佛教學者，特別是遭遇變亂時期的<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E7%88%9B%E9%99%80%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="那爛陀寺">那爛陀寺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%88%92%E5%AF%BA" title="超戒寺">超岩寺</a>等的學者，（印度比哈爾邦省的佛教各大寺廟在1203年被突厥入侵軍全部毀壞），很多人前往西藏取經，傳譯事業因而興盛，著名的譯師有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="馬爾巴">馬爾巴</a>等人。馬爾巴就是在这段印度佛教末期期间，多次往返印度学法，把密法传回西藏的。 </p><p>1042年，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="孟加拉">孟加拉</a>佛教大師<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%95%E5%B3%BD" title="阿底峽">阿底峽</a>尊者入藏，又大弘佛法，重建僧伽，傳播<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="中觀派">中觀應成派</a>大義。同時<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%AC%BD%E6%A1%91%E5%B8%83" title="仁欽桑布">仁欽桑波</a>（寶賢）在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="古格">古格</a>翻譯了很多的經論。史稱<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E8%B7%AF%E5%BC%98%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上路弘傳（页面不存在）">上路弘傳</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>僧徒北上宗喀學經後，回到本寺傳教，史稱<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E8%B7%AF%E5%BC%98%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下路弘傳（页面不存在）">下路弘傳</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1260年<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元</a>之際，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%B5%B1_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="中統 (年號)">中統</a>元年<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%B8%96%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="元世祖">元世祖</a>封<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a>法王<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a>為國師，授與玉印，統領吐蕃。於是，薩迦派在當時成為吐蕃的政治與宗教領袖，称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="薩迦巴">薩迦巴</a>。元末明初，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="帕木竹巴政權">帕木竹巴</a>取代了薩迦巴的勢力，帕竹<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a>及其支派也在帕竹統治時期興盛起來。 </p><p>隨著噶舉派勢力逐漸抬頭，1407年（明<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%90" title="永乐">永乐</a>五年）<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%88%90%E7%A5%96" title="明成祖">明成祖</a>冊封<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="噶玛噶举派">噶瑪噶舉派</a>第五世法王<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E9%8A%80%E5%8D%94%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="得銀協巴">得銀協巴</a>（哈立麻）為「大寶法王」，而「大寶法王」這個封號，至今也一直被「噶瑪噶舉派」歷代法王所專用。藏傳佛教傳播的另一高潮相當於<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" title="明神宗">明神宗</a>時代。蒙古土默特部<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BA%E7%AD%94%E6%B1%97" title="俺答汗">俺答汗</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%8D%97%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="索南嘉措">索南嘉措</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="青海">青海</a>仰華寺會面，俺答汗上「達賴喇嘛」的尊號，成為藏傳佛教再次傳入蒙古的契機。到十七世紀中期，大漠南北的大部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古人</a>已信仰藏傳佛教。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此時新起的格魯派聲勢也發展迅速，並不斷擴展。至1652年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E6%B2%BB" title="顺治">順治</a>九年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%96%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="清世祖">清世祖</a>冊封格魯派領袖五世達賴為「西天大善自在佛所領天下釋教普通瓦赤拉呾喇達賴喇嘛」。 </p><p>印度傳入西藏的顯教，代表性著作有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%AB%96#藏傳佛教五部大論" title="五部大論">五大部</a>，就是《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E9%87%8F%E8%AB%96" title="釋量論">釋量論</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E6%9C%89%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%8B#藏文" title="根本說一切有部律">根本說一切有部律</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%97%E9%81%94%E7%A3%A8%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="阿毗達磨俱舍論">俱舍論</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" title="入中論">入中論</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%A7%80%E8%8E%8A%E5%9A%B4%E8%AB%96" title="現觀莊嚴論">現觀莊嚴論</a>》。藏文大藏經（包括《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="甘珠爾">甘珠爾</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="丹珠爾">丹珠爾</a>》）近六千部中絕大多數是直接由梵文翻譯的，少數是從漢文轉譯的，因此，印度後期佛教的論著豐富保存在藏文大藏經裏，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="因明">因明</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲明（页面不存在）">聲明</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E6%96%B9%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫方明（页面不存在）">醫方明</a>等論著數量龐大，這些譯著都非常重要。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="朝聖之路"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E8.81.96.E4.B9.8B.E8.B7.AF"></span>朝聖之路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：朝聖之路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96" class="mw-redirect" title="藏傳佛教的朝聖">藏傳佛教的朝聖</a></div> <p>現代西藏的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96" class="mw-redirect" title="藏傳佛教的朝聖">藏傳佛教的朝聖</a>文化是於1980年代才復興的，那時西藏<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="文革">文革</a>結束不久，社會運作恢復。<sup id="cite_ref-1997_Buffetrille_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997_Buffetrille-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="传播"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD"></span>传播</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：传播"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元朝鼎盛時期"><span id=".E5.85.83.E6.9C.9D.E9.BC.8E.E7.9B.9B.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>元朝鼎盛時期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：元朝鼎盛時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏傳佛教在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>時傳入漢地和蒙古。在元世祖<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E5%BF%85%E7%83%88" title="忽必烈">忽必烈</a>時期，佛教（尤其是藏传佛教）获得了元朝朝廷相当的尊重，<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a>法師<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a>被忽必烈奉為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="國師">國師</a>（後升為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%B8%88" title="帝师">帝師</a>），賜玉印，任中原法王，命統天下佛教，並兼任<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%88%B6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="總制院">總制院</a>（後改名為宣政院）使來管理<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">西藏</a>）事務。今天藏傳佛教已经是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="卡尔梅克共和国">卡爾梅克共和国</a>（位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="里海">里海</a>沿岸）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a>南部，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="布里亞特共和國">布里亞特共和國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="图瓦共和国">圖瓦共和国</a>最重要的宗教。印度<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="錫金">錫金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94%E5%85%8B" title="拉達克">拉達克</a>地區这些以前的獨立王國，民众也以信仰藏傳佛教为主。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="转轮王傳統"><span id=".E8.BD.AC.E8.BD.AE.E7.8E.8B.E5.82.B3.E7.B5.B1"></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BC%AA%E7%8E%8B" title="轉輪王">转轮王</a>傳統</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：转轮王傳統"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%AF%BA%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重修文殊寺碑（页面不存在）">重修文殊寺碑</a>》中載有“转轮王”即「多筑精舍会成为金转轮王」。導致近代許多學者紛紛歸納，蒙元帝皇从部落领袖发展壯大，满清皇帝自称文殊菩萨下凡，乾隆皇帝自称为佛教傳說的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BC%AA%E7%8E%8B" title="轉輪王">轉輪王</a>”的化身，增强统治者地位，大力塑造“转轮王传统”。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="專寵末法時代"><span id=".E5.B0.88.E5.AF.B5.E6.9C.AB.E6.B3.95.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>專寵末法時代</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：專寵末法時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏密喇嘛教在元朝益漸受寵過度，至晚期釀成極大民怨，喇嘛目無法紀。《元典章》記載云：「侵漁百姓，非理生事。」乃至皇室成員也敢追（打）。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2" title="元史">元史</a>·釋老傳》：「泰定二年，西台御史李昌言：見西番僧佩金字圓符，絡繹道途，馳騎累百，傳舍至不能容，則假館民舍，因追逐男子，姦污女婦。」「（至大二年），有僧龔柯等十八人，與諸王合幾八刺妃忽禿赤的斤爭道，拉妃墮車毆之，且有犯上等語，事聞，詔釋不問。」「又至大元年，上都開元寺西僧強市民薪，民訴諸留守李壁。壁方詢問其由，僧已率其黨執白挺突入公府，隔案引壁發，捽諸地，捶撲交下，拽之以歸，閉諸空室，久乃得脫。」「世祖遣通事脫脫護送西僧過真定，僧捶驛吏幾死。」史載元順帝怠於政事，荒於游宴，尤喜<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%A9%E9%AD%94%E8%88%9E" title="十六天魔舞">十六天魔舞</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這種舞蹈原屬內宮秘密戒者參與觀賞，上行下效，開始流行於「浙西」、「浙東」地區並傳入西北邊陲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近代發展"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>近代發展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：近代發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在达赖喇嘛流亡之後，藏傳佛教更是传遍西方和世界各地。现在在任何一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="國際大都市">国际大都市</a>都可以看到藏傳佛教的寺庙或学习研修中心。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>，藏傳佛教也是日益興盛的教派，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="臺南市">臺南市</a>的古剎<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%85%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="重慶寺">重慶寺</a>原屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%BF%9F%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="臨濟宗">臨濟宗</a>就因改宗，現在轉為<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">西藏</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a>（白教）的分院。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="显宗"><span id=".E6.98.BE.E5.AE.97"></span>显宗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：显宗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏傳佛教中並沒有<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a>傳承，但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%97%E7%BE%A9" title="四部宗義">四部宗義</a>中以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E6%9C%89%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="說一切有部">說一切有部</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%87%8F%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="經量部">經量部</a>代表部派佛教，以唯識及中觀代表大乘顯教。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="密宗"><span id=".E5.AF.86.E5.AE.97"></span>密宗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：密宗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">藏傳密宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B2%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="莲花生">莲花生</a></div> <p>汉语中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">西藏</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a>通称“藏密”。早在7世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a>时期的藏传佛教，就传入密部经典。8世纪间印度密教僧人<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂护</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B2%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="莲花生">莲花生</a>到藏弘法，建有密教的根本道场<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>。其后又有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%B0" title="法称">法称</a>来藏传瑜伽金刚界法、大曼荼罗等灌顶；<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%9E%A2%E5%8F%8B" title="无垢友">无垢友</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E6%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="施戒（页面不存在）">施戒</a>等来藏译出《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E5%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集密（页面不存在）">集密</a>》等许多密宗典籍。密教在西藏得到了流传。但841年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%99%AE" title="赞普">赞普</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a>禁佛时受到了严厉的打击。 </p><p>直至10世纪，藏地<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里地区</a>统治者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E5%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智光（页面不存在）">智光</a>派沙门<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9D%E8%B4%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宝贤（页面不存在）">宝贤</a>等赴印学习“集密”、“时轮”等经续、注释及仪轨等。并迎请印僧<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="作信恺（页面不存在）">作信恺</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E8%8E%B2%E5%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="作莲密（页面不存在）">作莲密</a>、佛祥静、佛护、莲花密等来藏翻译显密经论，而以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%AF%86%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑜伽密部（页面不存在）">瑜伽密部</a>尤其是《集密续》为重点。东印度僧人<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8A%A4" title="法护">法护</a>及其弟子等也在藏地译出许多前所未有的密乘典籍，使密教在藏地又得到弘传。11世纪中期，中印度超戒寺僧人阿底峡应请入藏，宣扬显密观行教法，使密教得到相应发展。其弟子续其法灯，弘通无上瑜伽，首开西藏密教噶当一派。此外，弘传密教的，还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="宁玛">宁玛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="噶举">噶举</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦</a>等派。15世纪初，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a>及其弟子<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%9B%B9%E6%9D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="贾曹杰">贾曹杰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="克主杰">克主杰</a>等创立<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a>。下传<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="达赖">达赖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="班禅">班禅</a>两大系，为现今藏地盛行的一大密宗教派。西藏密法一般分为四部，即事部、行部、瑜伽部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="無上瑜伽部">无上瑜伽部</a>。但密宗各派几乎全以无上瑜伽部各种教授为主要修习法门。无上瑜伽部又分为三部。其中父部奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E9%9B%86%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A" title="密集金刚">密集金刚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="大威德金刚">大威德金刚</a>为本尊；母部奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E6%A8%82%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="勝樂金剛">胜乐金刚</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%9C%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喜金刚（页面不存在）">喜金刚</a>为本尊；无二部奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%BC%AA%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="時輪金剛">时轮金刚</a>为本尊。各尊均有自己大量的“本续”、“疏释”和“仪轨”。藏密的重要法门有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1" title="大圆满">大圆满</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="大手印">大手印</a>、道果、五次第、六加行、拙火定等。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏密宗">西藏密宗</a>一般自稱為金剛乘，因為有不許公開的秘密傳授，及充滿神秘內容的特徵，印順法師稱此為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秘密大乘（页面不存在）">秘密大乘</a>」。 </p><p>西藏密宗「無上瑜伽密」認為眾生所有淫、怒、痴等情緒，若運用得當，都可被証悟者運用以教導眾生，成為達到真實的「方便法門」，「無上瑜伽密續」視男女雙修法為無上密法之一，詳述<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%BA%AB%E6%B3%95" title="雙身法">雙身法</a>（男女雙修），重點是認識<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="欲望">欲望</a>，即貪、嗔、癡的本質，主張在欲望當中能脫離欲樂，才是真了脫生死，但此種密法非常危險，<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E7%9C%BE" title="出家眾">僧侶</a>只要感受到一念的淫樂，死後就墮落<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" class="mw-redirect" title="金剛地獄">金剛地獄</a>。經續裡說，「修行人閉眼時，樹上的果子會落下來；睜眼時，果子又會重長上去，具備這樣的定力時才可以雙修。」 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%95%E5%B3%BD" title="阿底峽">阿底峽</a>進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>後，非常反對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%BA%AB%E6%B3%95" title="雙身法">雙身法</a>，建議眾僧停止此修法。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯派">格魯派</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-disambig" title="祖師">祖師</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="宗大師">宗大師</a>則直接將此法廢除，因為依<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="佛教戒律">佛教戒律</a>，僧人不可以<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E9%9B%99%E4%BF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="男女雙修">男女雙修</a>，否則犯淫戒，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%B2%E9%82%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="欲邪行">邪淫</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯派">格魯派</a>統一西藏之後，通令各個門派，禁止修煉此法，各門派都堅定同意。但今日在世界各地仍有許多<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%A3%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="神棍">神棍</a>，玷污<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%A7%84" title="清规">清規</a>，假借密宗<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E9%9B%99%E4%BF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="男女雙修">男女雙修</a>之名騙財騙色。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教派"><span id=".E6.95.99.E6.B4.BE"></span>教派</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：教派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>现代藏传佛教派别主要是在后弘期中逐渐形成的。其主要分为四大主流派别，分别为：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="噶举派">噶举派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦派</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯派">格魯派</a>。在中文中，这四主流派别因其服饰及建物之特色而常被称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="红教">红教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="白教">白教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="花教">花教</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="黄教">黄教</a>。其中，宁玛派是藏传佛教中历史最悠久的，萨迦派是以位于西藏南部的萨迦寺命名的。以下列表不分先后顺序： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛派</a>（红教或古宗派）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a>（白教，主要分为四宗八派） <ul><li>香巴噶舉（教法的主要持有者為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%9B%A7%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" title="卡盧仁波切">卡盧仁波切</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%B9%E7%93%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惹瓊（页面不存在）">惹瓊噶舉</a></li> <li>達布噶舉（塔波噶舉、達波噶舉） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="噶玛噶举派">噶瑪噶舉</a></li> <li>帕竹噶舉 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%B2%A2%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89" title="直貢噶舉">直貢噶舉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE" title="竹巴噶举">竹巴噶举</a>（主巴噶舉、竺巴噶舉）</li> <li>雅桑噶舉</li> <li>達隆噶舉</li> <li>綽補噶舉</li> <li>修賽噶舉</li> <li>葉巴噶舉</li> <li>瑪倉噶舉</li></ul></li> <li>拔戎噶舉（巴戎噶舉、巴龍噶舉）</li> <li>蔡巴噶舉</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦派</a>（花教，除了薩迦本派之外，尚有哦巴、茶巴、種巴三支派）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BD%93%E6%B4%BE" title="噶当派">噶当派</a>（原噶当派僧人和寺院先后都改宗格鲁派）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a>（黄教，由噶当派演變而來）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%A7%A3%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="希解派">希解派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%9B%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="觉囊派">觉囊派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%AE%87%E6%B4%BE" title="觉宇派">觉宇派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%93%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="廓扎派">廓扎派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="夏鲁派">夏鲁派</a></li></ul> <p>現在一般称呼的「黑教」是藏族的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>之俗称，是佛教传入以前的西藏本土宗教。苯教是一种祭祀大地山河的泛灵信仰，後來一部分教士吸收了佛法名词及教义，在佛法传入西藏之后，苯术已不如佛教盛行。苯教在藏傳佛教勢力較薄弱的地區，如四川、青海一带仍有不少的信徒和寺廟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经典"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B8"></span>经典</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：经典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏傳佛教分顯教、密宗二者。除翻譯的經典佛語<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="甘珠爾">甘珠爾</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印地</a>大師的著作<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="丹珠爾">丹珠爾</a>，藏地的著述數目十分地多。佛學院內的學僧按照先顯後密的學習次第，先學習顯教的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%AB%96" title="五部大論">五部大論</a>：以<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="唯識">唯識</a>學觀點解釋般若經的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%A7%80%E8%8E%8A%E5%9A%B4%E8%AB%96" title="現觀莊嚴論">現觀莊嚴論</a>》、講述<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="戒律">戒律</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戒律論（页面不存在）">戒律論</a>》、講述<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="俱舍论">俱舍論</a>》、講述<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80" title="中觀">中觀</a>學的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" title="入中論">入中論</a>》、及講述<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="因明">因明</a>學的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E9%87%8F%E8%AB%96" title="釋量論">釋量論</a>》。而密乘的學習，各派不盡相同，以格魯派為例，需學習《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E9%81%93%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%E5%BB%A3%E8%AB%96" title="密宗道次第廣論">密宗道次第广论</a>》。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:693px;max-width:693px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Rinpoche_-_Padmasambhava_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="蓮華生" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Guru_Rinpoche_-_Padmasambhava_statue.jpg/172px-Guru_Rinpoche_-_Padmasambhava_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Guru_Rinpoche_-_Padmasambhava_statue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E7%91%AA%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="寧瑪派">寧瑪派</a>祖師-<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8F%AF%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蓮華生">蓮華生</a>（八世紀）</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="馬爾巴" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg/158px-Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg/237px-Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg/316px-Marpa_painting_Holy_isle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a>祖師-<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="馬爾巴">馬爾巴</a>（1012－1097）</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chogyal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="八思巴" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Chogyal.JPG" decoding="async" width="192" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a>祖師-<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a>（1235－1280）</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsongkhapa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="宗喀巴" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tsongkhapa.jpg/155px-Tsongkhapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Tsongkhapa.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯派">格魯派</a>祖師-<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a>（1357-1419）</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人物"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B4%8A%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="松贊干布">松贊干布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="馬爾巴">馬爾巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E8%87%BA%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃臺仰（页面不存在）">黃臺仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="李察·吉爾">李察·吉爾</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="僧侣制度"><span id=".E5.83.A7.E4.BE.A3.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>僧侣制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：僧侣制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="稱謂"><span id=".E7.A8.B1.E8.AC.82"></span>稱謂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：稱謂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="札巴（页面不存在）">札巴</a>：係指一般僧人，也稱古修或阿科</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%82%91%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多傑諾本（页面不存在）">多傑諾本</a>：即<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%97%8D%E9%BB%8E" title="阿闍黎">阿闍黎</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金剛上師（页面不存在）">金剛上師</a>之意</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E5%B8%83" title="堪布">堪布</a>：精通佛學或世間法之教授</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%A5%BF" title="格西">格西</a>：精通佛學之博士</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古">祖古</a>：有乘願轉世之能的金剛上師，著名者如噶舉派之大寶法王</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="礼仪"><span id=".E7.A4.BC.E4.BB.AA"></span>礼仪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：礼仪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AE%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="献哈达">献哈达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%92%E8%A7%81%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA" title="谒见礼仪">谒见礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="禮佛">礼佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%B5%E7%BB%8F%E4%BB%AA%E5%85%B8" title="大诵经仪典">大诵经仪典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%AA%E8%A7%84" title="降神仪规">降神仪规</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E7%A5%AD%E5%9D%9B" title="密宗祭坛">密宗祭坛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%9D%9B%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="火坛仪式">火坛仪式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="祭祀礼仪">祭祀礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E6%97%85%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA" title="军旅礼仪">军旅礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E9%A1%B6%E4%BC%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%AA%E8%A7%84" title="灌顶传法仪规">灌顶传法仪规</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B%E5%9D%90%E5%BA%8A%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="活佛坐床礼仪">活佛坐床礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%97%E6%88%92%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC" title="活佛受戒典礼">活佛受戒典礼</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法器"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.99.A8"></span>法器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：法器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG/300px-Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG/450px-Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG/600px-Yonghe_Lama_Temple3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%AB" title="雍和宫">雍和宫</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E7%BB%8F%E8%BD%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="转经轮">转经轮</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BC%E6%95%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="礼敬法器（页面不存在）">礼敬法器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%B0%E8%B5%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="称赞法器（页面不存在）">称赞法器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9B%E5%85%BB%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="供养用法器（页面不存在）">供养用法器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%81%E9%AA%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="持验法器（页面不存在）">持验法器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E6%91%A9" title="護摩">护摩</a>法器</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祈祷法器（页面不存在）">祈祷法器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AA%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8" title="人骨法器">人骨法器</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法乐"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E4.B9.90"></span>法乐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：法乐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E_(%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="声明 (藏传佛教)">声明 (藏传佛教)</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B9%E7%AE%A1%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="吹管乐器">吹管乐器</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="筒钦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tibetan horn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%92%E9%92%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="筒钦（页面不存在）">筒钦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_horn" class="extiw" title="en:Tibetan horn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tibetan horn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E6%92%A5%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="彈撥樂器">弹拨乐器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%A6%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="拉弦乐器">拉弦乐器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%87%BB%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" title="打击乐器">打击乐器</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法舞"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E8.88.9E"></span>法舞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：法舞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>法舞，藏语称<b>钦木</b>。指舞者带上具有佛教象征意义的面具，在法器的节拍下直接演示佛教教义的舞蹈。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节日及庆典"><span id=".E8.8A.82.E6.97.A5.E5.8F.8A.E5.BA.86.E5.85.B8"></span>节日及庆典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：节日及庆典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="藏族节日">藏族节日</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="法会节庆"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E4.BC.9A.E8.8A.82.E5.BA.86"></span>法会节庆</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：法会节庆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamas_Rumtek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lamas_Rumtek.jpg/300px-Lamas_Rumtek.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lamas_Rumtek.jpg/450px-Lamas_Rumtek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lamas_Rumtek.jpg/600px-Lamas_Rumtek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1204" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="锡金">锡金</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E5%BE%B7%E5%AF%BA" title="隆德寺">隆德寺</a>的佛事活动</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E9%83%8E%E6%9C%A8%E7%A5%88%E6%84%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="默郎木祈愿大法会">默郎木祈愿大法会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4%E5%9C%86%E5%AF%82%E5%BF%8C%E8%BE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗喀巴圆寂忌辰（页面不存在）">宗喀巴圆寂忌辰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E9%83%8E%E6%9C%A8%E5%B0%8F%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="默郎木小会">默郎木小会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8A%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%B7%B3%E7%A5%9E%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="腊月布拉达跳神大会">腊月布拉达跳神大会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E7%81%AF%E4%BC%9A" title="酥油灯会">酥油灯会</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="民间节日"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E9.97.B4.E8.8A.82.E6.97.A5"></span>民间节日</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：民间节日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival,_Norbulingka.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG/300px-Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG/450px-Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG/600px-Dancing_at_Sho_Dun_Festival%2C_Norbulingka.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%A1%BF%E8%8A%82" title="雪顿节">雪顿节</a>时<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%A1" title="罗布林卡">罗布林卡</a>的藏戏</figcaption></figure> <p>西藏民间传统节日充满佛教内容或带有佛教色彩，故与佛教本身节日无从严格区别。各地各派的节日活动也不一致。一般说来，纪念<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%95" title="佛誕">佛诞</a>为藏历四月上弦七日，和汉地相近。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨">拉萨</a>每年正月举行祈愿法会长达一月余。六月底七月初举行的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%A1%BF%E8%8A%82" title="雪顿节">雪顿节</a>，系由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="夏安居">夏安居</a>衍变而来。七月底举行<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9E%9C%E8%8A%82" title="望果节">望果节</a>为庆祝丰收。青海<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%AF%BA" title="塔尔寺">塔尔寺</a>于每年正月十五灯节展出<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8A%B1" title="酥油花">酥油花</a>，正月初八至十五日举行祈愿大法会，四月初八至十五日举行四月法会纪念释迦牟尼的诞生、成道与涅槃。六月初三至初八举行纪念释迦牟尼三转法轮大法会，九月二十日至二十六日举行纪念释迦牟尼降凡大法会。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%A1%BF%E8%8A%82" title="雪顿节">雪顿节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9E%9C%E8%8A%82" title="望果节">望果节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%90%E6%B5%B4%E8%8A%82" title="沐浴节">沐浴节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B5%AA%E8%8A%82" title="香浪节">香浪节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E7%AE%AD%E8%8A%82" title="插箭节">插箭节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B4%E4%BD%9B%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="浴佛节">浴佛节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8F%E8%8A%B1%E8%8A%82" title="赏花节">赏花节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E8%8A%B1%E8%8A%82" title="采花节">采花节</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="艺术文化"><span id=".E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>艺术文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：艺术文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Potala.jpg/300px-Potala.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Potala.jpg/450px-Potala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Potala.jpg/600px-Potala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨">拉萨</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB" title="布达拉宫">布达拉宫</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg/300px-IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg/450px-IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg/600px-IMG_1206_Lhasa_Potala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB" title="布达拉宫">布达拉宫</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a>住处</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg/300px-A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg/450px-A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg/600px-A_grand_view_of_Samye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>远景</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">佛教艺术</a></div> <p>佛教开始自汉地传入吐蕃，以后又直接自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>传入。在前弘期中，汉、印两系佛教在吐蕃都有影响。汉、印两地高度发展的工艺美术也一并传入，故<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B2%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="莲花生">莲花生</a>主持兴建的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E5%AF%BA" title="桑耶寺">桑耶寺</a>即采用印、汉、藏三式，这种兼收并蓄，博采众长，取精用宏的作风在藏族文化中随处可见。<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="藏文书法">藏文書法</a>中有伏藏体、密文体、幻妙体，用於書寫伏藏、密宗典籍。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏醫學">西藏医学</a>以《四部续》集其大成，其中医药理论及医疗技术明显地综合会通了汉、印、藏的医学成果，并吸收当时西域、中亚的医术，形成独具特色的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="藏醫">藏医</a>”；以后传入蒙古，又发展而成“<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙医">蒙医</a>”。寺院等建筑规模宏大，气势雄伟，雕梁画栋，备极精巧。如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨">拉萨</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB" title="布达拉宫">布达拉宫</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E4%B8%B9%E5%AF%BA" title="甘丹寺">甘丹寺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E8%9A%8C%E5%AF%BA" title="哲蚌寺">哲蚌寺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%8B%89%E5%AF%BA" title="色拉寺">色拉寺</a>和青海<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%AF%BA" title="塔尔寺">塔尔寺</a>等为古代建筑中的杰作。藏传佛教寺院建筑採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A7%98%E8%A1%93" title="數秘術">數秘術</a>與佛教<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E8%AA%8C" title="圖像誌">圖像</a>，如木造的柱子和柱頭由三部分組成，代表<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="三界">三界</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三寶</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="八宝 (佛教)">八吉祥</a>作為裝飾<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尤其因为密宗注重像设，因而使藏传佛教发展了雕塑、绘画的技巧。藏地各种佛教造像，无论雕、镂、塑、铸都能注重体型比例，栩栩如生，极为精美。大型造像如扎什伦布寺大弥勒铜像高26米，北京雍和宫旃檀木雕大弥勒像高18米，造型生动庄严，工艺巧妙精湛，具有高度的艺术水平。西藏各种刻版佛经，雕印工艺也很精美，尤以各种御赐及藏地金字藏经写工之精妙，装潢之瑰丽，为民族文化之奇珍。至于彩绘画像更以布局设色见长，纤细入微，形成特殊的艺术风格。另外，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">藏族使用的历法</a>，以无上瑜伽部时轮金刚经所传历法为主，参用汉地传入的历法，从1027年（丁卯）开始，每60年为一“<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%A5" title="绕迥">繞迥</a>”。 </p> <dl><dt>繪畫</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8D%A1" title="唐卡">唐卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB" title="壁畫">壁畫</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>雕塑</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%8A%85%E4%BD%9B%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金銅佛像（页面不存在）">金銅佛像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%A1%91" title="泥塑">泥塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E6%93%A6" title="擦擦">擦擦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E5%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油塑（页面不存在）">油塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%9B%E5%91%A2%E7%9F%B3" title="嘛呢石">瑪尼石刻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%9B%95" title="石雕">石雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%9B%95" title="木雕">木雕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%BE%E7%B4%B5%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夾紵像（页面不存在）">夾紵像</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>其它藝術</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7" title="面具">面具</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E7%B6%93%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印經板（页面不存在）">印經板</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107114946/http://xizang-zhiye.org/ctachinese/cn/memorandum">有关全体西藏民族实现名符其实自治的建议(全文)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xizang-zhiye.org/ctachinese/cn/memorandum">原始内容</a>存档于2011-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%90%8D%E7%AC%A6%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%9E%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE%28%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxizang-zhiye.org%2Fctachinese%2Fcn%2Fmemorandum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002203229/http://www.dalailamaworld.com/topic.php?t=637">達賴喇嘛尊者在3 • 10西藏和平抗暴五十二周年紀念集會上的講話</a>. 第十四世達賴喇嘛官方國際華文網站. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dalailamaworld.com/topic.php?t=637">原始内容</a>存档于2018-10-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85%E5%9C%A83+%E2%80%A2+10%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%8A%97%E6%9A%B4%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E8%A9%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dalailamaworld.com%2Ftopic.php%3Ft%3D637&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%AA%E7%82%8E" title="章太炎">章太炎</a>《中華民國解》(1907年)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bbs.zhongguosixiang.com/thread-23994-1-1.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130405230614/http://bbs.zhongguosixiang.com/thread-23994-1-1.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E8%81%96%E5%9A%B4" title="釋聖嚴">釋聖嚴</a>:《西藏佛教史》,法鼓文化,1998年9月,第123页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_S._Lopez_Jr." class="extiw" title="en:Donald S. Lopez Jr.">Lopez, Donald S. Jr.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prisonersofshang00dona/page/41/mode/1up">Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要免费注册"><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1999: 41–42. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0226493113" title="Special:网络书源/0226493113"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0226493113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Donald+S.+Jr.&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.btitle=Prisoners+of+Shangri-La%3A+Tibetan+Buddhism+and+the+West&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0226493113&rft.pages=41-42&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprisonersofshang00dona%2Fpage%2F41%2Fmode%2F1up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E8%8C%B2" title="愛德華·孔茲">Conze, Edward</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofbu0000conz">A Short History of Buddhism</a> 2nd. Oneworld. 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1851680667" title="Special:网络书源/1851680667"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1851680667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.aulast=Conze&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Buddhism&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1851680667&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofbu0000conz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中国少数民族史大辞典-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中国少数民族史大辞典_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">高文德,卢勋,史金波,白滨等.《中国少数民族史大辞典》<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787538328059" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-5383-2805-9</a>: 第2571頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">第十四世達賴喇嘛總集編著小組. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=otgqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">佛法科學總集：廣說三藏經論關於色心諸法之科學論述（兩冊）</a>. 商周出版. 2017-07-04: 41. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-477-272-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-477-272-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-477-272-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E7%B8%BD%E9%9B%86%E7%B7%A8%E8%91%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84&rft.btitle=%E4%BD%9B%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%B8%BD%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%BB%A3%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93%E8%AB%96%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E8%89%B2%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E4%B9%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%AB%96%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%88%E5%85%A9%E5%86%8A%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-477-272-8&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%91%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DotgqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gb-zhwqn-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gb-zhwqn_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liting Xu, Xiyuan Zhao, Xifan Wen. 中华五千年. 吉林人民出版社. 1981年: 414 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.au=Liting+Xu%2C+Xiyuan+Zhao%2C+Xifan+Wen&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">釋慧嚴. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbj/07/chbj0710.htm">中國禪宗在西藏</a>. 中華佛學學報 (臺北: 中華佛學研究所): 213–261頁. [民國83年] <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517053644/http://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbj/07/chbj0710.htm">存档</a>于2013-05-17）. <q>也被叫做「桑耶諍論」，因是發生在 bSam yas 的 chan chub lin ) 的緣故 ( 杜奇說 Giuseppe Tucci： "Minor Buddhist Texts" Part II Chapter I. Roma 1958 pp. 3-155)。後來<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%AF%86%E5%BE%AE" title="戴密微">戴密微</a>( 依據 "bKa' than sde lna" 五部教誡等的資料 ) 認為諍論的進行不是只有一次，而是多次，且地點並不是局限在桑耶寺或拉薩，故主張改為「西藏諍論」(P. Demiévill；Bibliographic；Guiseppe Tucci，Minor Buddhist Texts part II. Toung Pao，Vol. XLVI，Leiden，1958，pp. 402-408</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97%E5%9C%A8%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F&rft.au=%E9%87%8B%E6%85%A7%E5%9A%B4&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC7%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft.pages=213-261%E9%A0%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chibs.edu.tw%2Fch_html%2Fchbj%2F07%2Fchbj0710.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黃敏浩; 劉宇光. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BJ011/bj99863.htm">桑耶論諍中的「大乘和尚見」—「頓入」說的考察</a>. 佛學研究中心學報: 151–180頁. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305190736/http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BJ011/bj99863.htm">存档</a>于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E6%A1%91%E8%80%B6%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%8D%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A%E8%A6%8B%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94%E3%80%8C%E9%A0%93%E5%85%A5%E3%80%8D%E8%AA%AA%E7%9A%84%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%87%E5%85%89&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E6%95%8F%E6%B5%A9&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft.pages=151-180%E9%A0%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccbs.ntu.edu.tw%2FFULLTEXT%2FJR-BJ011%2Fbj99863.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">巴·赛囊《巴协》；布顿仁钦珠的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%A0%93%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="布頓佛教史">布顿佛教史</a>》以及《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A4%E8%80%85%E5%96%9C%E5%AE%B4" title="贤者喜宴">贤者喜宴</a>》。吐蕃时期的藏文史料（包括金石铭文）几乎不见这次印汉僧诤事件，上述的藏文佛教史料都写于后弘期以后，关于赤松德赞时期印汉僧诤事件，他们主要依据吐蕃时期在卫藏传教的印度高僧<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E6%88%92" title="蓮花戒">莲花戒</a>(kamala-sila)所著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E4%B9%A0%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修习次第（页面不存在）">修习次第</a>》中的记述。莲花戒是与汉僧摩诃衍辩论的印度中观派僧人，在《修习次第》记述了这次僧诤事件及印度佛教的胜利。参照（法）戴密微著《吐蕃僧诤记》，耿升译，西藏人民出版社，2001年第一版，第15-21页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（法）今枝由郎《有关吐蕃僧诤会的藏文文书》，一民译，载《国外藏学研究译文集》第二辑，第82页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《布頓佛教史》：「其後蓮花戒法師到來。國王坐在中間，大乘和尚在其右，而蓮花戒在其左邊。漸派的徒眾環列，藉以形成蓮花戒的侍從。國王將花環給與兩位首領後，說道：『你們兩位主持爭論。失敗者一定要向勝利者獻花環，且不許居留此地！』」後摩訶衍和尚被判定失敗，他的一群弟子包括柯麻麻Co-ma-ma覺得深受羞辱，「據傳說他們以巨石撞擊其身，遂死」。參見巴宙《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015080008/http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication/chbj/02/chbj0202.htm">大乘二十二問之研究</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">藏族禅师用藏文直接撰写的禅宗写卷，明确反映出<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>特有的禅宗法脉，如《大乘无分别修习义》、《大瑜伽修习义》、《唯一无想义》等等。参照（日）冲木克己《敦煌出土的藏文禅宗文献的内容》，李德龙译《国外藏学研究译文集》第8辑，西藏人民出版社1992年，第219页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">石碩. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030439/http://www.tibet.cn/cn/cloud/xszqkk/xzyj/2008/2/201712/t20171221_5280638.html">从《拔协》的记载看藏传佛教后弘期上、下两路弘传的不同特点及历史作用</a>. 《西藏研究》. 2008年, (第二期). （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibet.cn/cn/cloud/xszqkk/xzyj/2008/2/201712/t20171221_5280638.html">原始内容</a>存档于2020-10-20） –通过中国西藏网.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E4%BB%8E%E3%80%8A%E6%8B%94%E5%8D%8F%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%B0%E8%BD%BD%E7%9C%8B%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8E%E5%BC%98%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%80%81%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%A4%E8%B7%AF%E5%BC%98%E4%BC%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&rft.au=%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%A9&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.cn%2Fcn%2Fcloud%2Fxszqkk%2Fxzyj%2F2008%2F2%2F201712%2Ft20171221_5280638.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">佛教教育基金會，<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.budaedu.org.tw/budaedu/buda1_24.php。">http://www.budaedu.org.tw/budaedu/buda1_24.php。</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081011043956/http://www.budaedu.org.tw/budaedu/buda1_24.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997_Buffetrille-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1997_Buffetrille_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buffetrille, Katia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanNomads/documents/Amyesrma-chen.pdf">The Great Pilgrimage of A myes rma chen. Written Tradition, Living Realities.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. MacDonald, Alexander W. (编). Mandala and Landscape. Delhi: DK Printworld. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-10</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8124600603" title="Special:网络书源/978-8124600603"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-8124600603</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710012510/https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanNomads/documents/Amyesrma-chen.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2007-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=The+Great+Pilgrimage+of+A+myes+rma+chen.+Written+Tradition%2C+Living+Realities.&rft.aufirst=Katia&rft.aulast=Buffetrille&rft.btitle=Mandala+and+Landscape&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-8124600603&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=DK+Printworld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcase.edu%2Faffil%2Ftibet%2FtibetanNomads%2Fdocuments%2FAmyesrma-chen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buffetrille, Katia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanNomads/documents/Taiwan_art.doc">The Evolution of a Tibetan Pilgrimage: The Pilgrimage to A myes rMa chen Mountain in the 21st Century</a>. 當代藏學學術硏討會論文集 : 21世紀西藏議題. 台北: <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="蒙藏委員會">蒙藏委員會</a>. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-10</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570185155" title="Special:网络书源/9570185155"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9570185155</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710012258/https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanNomads/documents/Taiwan_art.doc">存档</a>于2007-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+a+Tibetan+Pilgrimage%3A+The+Pilgrimage+to+A+myes+rMa+chen+Mountain+in+the+21st+Century&rft.aufirst=Katia&rft.aulast=Buffetrille&rft.btitle=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A1%8F%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86+%3A+21%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9570185155&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcase.edu%2Faffil%2Ftibet%2FtibetanNomads%2Fdocuments%2FTaiwan_art.doc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209170754/http://sangyetashiling.dk/kt/seagal.htm">Statement by H.H. 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href="http://www.douban.com/group/topic/27410349/">质疑元代佛教能提供的“政治合法性”</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140829105715/http://www.douban.com/group/topic/27410349/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《元史·哈麻傳》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%96%A9%E6%AC%BD%E5%93%B2%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" class="mw-redirect" title="宗薩欽哲仁波切">宗薩欽哲仁波切</a>開示，<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820012249/http://www.kathokbox.idv.tw/subpage/ad/ad14.htm">關於<雙修>的問題</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span>]</span>. （<a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314043708/http://www.kalu.org.tw/article/nc1.htm">存档</a>于2014-03-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%B4%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%87%91%E6%B3%95%E6%9E%97%E5%88%A9%E7%94%9F%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalu.org.tw%2Farticle%2Fnc1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thranguhk.org/buddhism/cn_lineage.html">西藏噶舉派</a>. 香港: 創古密宗佛教中心. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716004714/http://www.thranguhk.org/buddhism/cn_lineage.html">存档</a>于2015-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E5%89%B5%E5%8F%A4%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thranguhk.org%2Fbuddhism%2Fcn_lineage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%8A%E5%A6%82%E6%84%8F%E5%AE%9D%E7%BB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无上如意宝续（页面不存在）">无上如意宝续</a>》：“转六字大明咒经轮的人，将得诸师加持和本尊赐予证悟，得诸佛菩萨忆念，及得护法的护佑而离诸障难。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.zyw.xizang.gov.cn/xzwh/xzwh_895/202006/t20200628_159698.html">藏文书法简史</a>. 西藏藏语言文字网.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%80%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcn.zyw.xizang.gov.cn%2Fxzwh%2Fxzwh_895%2F202006%2Ft20200628_159698.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.zyw.xizang.gov.cn/xzwh/xzwh_895/202006/t20200628_159701.html">藏文书法的起源和流派</a>. 西藏藏语言文字网.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcn.zyw.xizang.gov.cn%2Fxzwh%2Fxzwh_895%2F202006%2Ft20200628_159701.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">Bill Semple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oft.ca/ImagesNewsletters/0503.pdf">TIBETAN ARCHITECTURE: THE STRUCTURE, AESTHETICS AND SYMBOLISM OF WOOD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Ottawa Friends of Tibet. No. 2. 2003: 1–2 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521184405/http://www.oft.ca/ImagesNewsletters/0503.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-05-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=TIBETAN+ARCHITECTURE%3A+THE+STRUCTURE%2C+AESTHETICS+AND+SYMBOLISM+OF+WOOD&rft.au=Bill+Semple&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Friends+of+Tibet&rft.pages=1-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oft.ca%2FImagesNewsletters%2F0503.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.tibet.cn/holiday/yscl/201207/t20120703_1756947.htm">刻印在藏族人心中的“八宝祥瑞”</a>. 中国西藏网. 2012-07-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520160849/http://media.tibet.cn/holiday/yscl/201207/t20120703_1756947.htm">存档</a>于2023-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E5%88%BB%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%A8%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%9D%E7%A5%A5%E7%91%9E%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2012-07-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.tibet.cn%2Fholiday%2Fyscl%2F201207%2Ft20120703_1756947.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="扩展阅读"><span id=".E6.89.A9.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>扩展阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：扩展阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> Cabezón, José Ignacio. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195137989-e-10">Tibetan Buddhist Society</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220128095445/http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195137989-e-10">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）." In: Juergensmeyer, Mark (editor). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions</i>. October 2006. Published online in September 2009. DOI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.003.0010">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.003.0010</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tibetan Buddhism"><span style="font-weight:bold;">藏傳佛教</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li>沈衛榮：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aisixiang.com/data/71546.html">〈西藏、藏傳佛教的真實與傳說〉</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210508063906/http://www.aisixiang.com/data/71546.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（2013）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bskk.com">佛教网络共修交流社区</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210420195642/http://www.bskk.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102064036/http://www.drikung-kagyu.org.tw/">藏傳佛教直貢噶舉中文官方網站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gloje.org">寶吉祥佛法中心</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210427213429/http://www.gloje.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gelu.org">格鲁教法集成</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140102212630/http://www.gelu.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakyatrizin.net">薩迦法王暨薩迦學院官方中文網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200812202648/http://www.sakyatrizin.net/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180506150129/http://www.chokyilodro.org/">宗薩佛學院官方中文站 ─ 正法源學佛會</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lama.com.tw/">喇嘛網</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180531221034/http://www.lama.com.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kagyuoffice.org.tw/">白教噶舉派噶瑪巴大寶法王</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210114080847/http://www.kagyuoffice.org.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051118160118/http://www.kathok.org/">紅教寧瑪噶陀巴</a></li> <li>《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b-i-a.net/d-t-m/story_gb.htm">与西藏有缘</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210220043035/http://www.b-i-a.net/d-t-m/story_gb.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》林聪</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kkcw.org/">噶瑪噶舉網絡世界</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101228171058/http://www.kkcw.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309152556/http://garuda.tw/">卡廬網</a> 介紹藏傳佛教藝術</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311064957/http://garuda.tw/book/">卡廬書店</a> 藏傳佛教藝術專門書店</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurikara.com/chamba_toha.html">強巴林</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210508064101/http://www.kurikara.com/chamba_toha.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）日本的西藏佛教寺院</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studybuddhism.com/zh-CN/jin-jie-yan-xi/li-shi-he-wen-hua/xi-cang-fo-jiao/xi-cang-de-gen-ben-shuo-yi-qie-you-bu-jie-lv-shi-lve">（西藏的根本说一切有部戒律史略亚历山大·伯金博士）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210508062627/https://studybuddhism.com/zh-CN/jin-jie-yan-xi/li-shi-he-wen-hua/xi-cang-fo-jiao/xi-cang-de-gen-ben-shuo-yi-qie-you-bu-jie-lv-shi-lve">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">佛教历史</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">佛教派别</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">汉传佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">藏傳密宗</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/28px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/42px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:佛教主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:佛教主题（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:佛教主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=noviewer&#124;16x16px_佛教主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主题</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛學大綱（页面不存在）">佛學大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三宝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">佛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80%E5%90%8D%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="佛陀名號列表">諸佛</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="法 (佛教)">法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD" title="僧伽">僧</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B" title="四谛">四圣谛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="苦 (佛教)">苦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B#集諦" title="四谛">集</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滅諦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nirodha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E8%B0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="灭谛">滅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirodha" class="extiw" title="en:Nirodha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nirodha</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B#道諦" title="四谛">道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%A0%E7%BC%98" title="十二因缘">十二因缘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">五蘊</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="色 (佛教)">色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97" title="受">受</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B3_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="想 (佛教)">想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E8%98%8A" title="行蘊">行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98" title="識">識</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%95%8C" title="十八界">十八界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AD%B8" title="三學">三學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波罗密</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%BA%A6" title="六度">六度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0" title="三法印">三法印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%93_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="中道 (佛教)">中道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">釋迦牟尼佛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E6%9D%A5" title="如来">如来</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%95" title="佛誕">佛誕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%96%80%E9%81%8A%E8%A7%80" title="四門遊觀">四門遊觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E7%A8%AE%E5%A5%BD" title="三十二相八十種好">三十二相八十種好</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="佛足石">足印</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛陀的神迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛陀的神迹（页面不存在）">神迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" class="extiw" title="en:Miracles of Gautama Buddha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Miracles of Gautama Buddha</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛陀的家庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Family of Gautama Buddha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛陀的家庭（页面不存在）">家庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" class="extiw" title="en:Family of Gautama Buddha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Family of Gautama Buddha</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E9%A5%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="净饭王">净饭王<small>（父亲）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="摩耶夫人">摩耶夫人 <small>（母亲）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A8%B6%E6%B3%A2%E9%97%8D%E6%B3%A2%E6%8F%90" title="摩訶波闍波提">摩訶波闍波提<small>（姨母，庶母）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%BE%93%E9%99%80%E7%BD%97" title="耶输陀罗">耶输陀罗 <small>（妻子）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%9D%BA%E7%BD%97" title="罗睺罗">罗睺罗 <small>（儿子）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9A%BE" title="阿难">阿难 <small>（堂弟）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86%E9%81%94%E5%A4%9A" title="提婆達多">提婆達多 <small>（堂弟）</small></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%">佛陀弟子</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90" title="十大弟子">十大弟子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%A6%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="大迦葉">大迦葉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E7%8A%8D%E9%80%A3" title="目犍連">目犍連</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E6%A8%93%E9%82%A3" title="富樓那">富樓那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90" class="mw-redirect" title="須菩提">須菩提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97" title="舍利弗">舍利弗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%9D%BA%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="羅睺羅">羅睺羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%A3%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="阿難陀">阿難陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E9%9B%A2" title="優婆離">優婆離</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿那律">阿那律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E6%97%83%E5%BB%B6" title="迦旃延">迦旃延</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="五比丘">五比丘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8B%A5%E6%86%8D%E9%99%88%E5%A6%82" title="阿若憍陈如">憍陳如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%8B%E6%8F%90" title="跋提">跋提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%8B%E6%B3%A2" title="跋波">跋波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%AA%AA%E7%A4%BA" title="阿說示">阿說示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A8%B6%E7%94%B7" title="摩訶男">摩訶男</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%88%A9%E6%A7%83%E7%89%B9" title="周利槃特">周利槃特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E6%8E%98%E9%AD%94%E7%BE%85" title="央掘魔羅">央掘魔羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E6%97%83%E5%BB%B6" title="迦旃延">迦旃延</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教人物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Buddhists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教人物列表（页面不存在）">佛教人物列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Buddhists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Buddhists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="佛教用语列表">术语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三相 (佛教)">三相</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B8%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="无常 (佛教)">无常</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="苦 (佛教)">苦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%91" title="非我">非我</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">蕴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E7%94%9F" title="結生">結生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="轮回 (佛教)">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="行">行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A9%E6%83%B1_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="煩惱 (佛教)">烦恼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%98%8E" title="无明">无明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="愛 (佛教)">贪爱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%93%8B" title="五蓋">五蓋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="結 (佛教)">結</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="根 (佛教)">根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%8A%E6%AD%A3%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%BA" title="無上正等正覺">無上正等正覺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="般涅槃">般涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%AB%A6" title="二諦">二諦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%BF%83" title="菩提心">菩提心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%9B%B8%E7%BA%8C" title="心相續">心相續</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1" title="大圆满">大圆满</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%">倫理和世界觀</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教伦理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhist ethics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教伦理（页面不存在）">佛教伦理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhist ethics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhist ethics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%B6%E7%9C%BE" title="在家眾">在家眾</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%A3%AB" title="居士">居士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E5%A1%9E" title="優婆塞">優婆塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E5%A4%B7" title="優婆夷">優婆夷</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">维摩经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="維摩詰菩薩">維摩詰菩薩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E5%B0%B8%E8%BF%A6%E7%BE%85%E8%B6%8A%E7%B6%93" title="教授尸迦羅越經">善生經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%A3%AB%E6%88%92" title="居士戒">居士戒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%97%9C%E9%BD%8B%E6%88%92" title="八關齋戒">八戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%96%84" title="十善">十善業戒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E6%88%92" title="菩薩戒">菩薩戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">佛教因果論</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="業 (佛教)">業與業力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%A0%E4%BA%94%E6%9E%9C" title="六因五果">六因五果</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%91" title="非我">非我</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B8%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="无常 (佛教)">無常</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E9%81%93" title="菩薩道">菩薩道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2" title="慈悲">慈悲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%88%E6%96%BD" title="佈施">佈施</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="轮回 (佛教)">轮回</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E4%B8%96" title="轉世">轉世</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%BD%E9%81%93" title="亡人落道">亡人落道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%8E%A3%E7%B1%A4" title="金瓶掣籤">金瓶掣籤</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古">活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%81%B5%E7%AB%A5" title="转世灵童">转世灵童</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%95%8C" title="法界">法界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E9%96%93" title="世間">世間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%96%E9%96%93" title="出世間">出世間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="大千世界">大千世界</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%91%E5%A9%86%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="娑婆世界">娑婆世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BB%E5%BC%A5%E5%B1%B1" title="须弥山">须弥山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%B2" title="四大部洲">四大部洲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E7%95%8C" title="十界">十法界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%95%8C_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三界 (佛教)">三界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%B2%E7%95%8C" title="欲界">欲界</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%B2%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A9" title="欲界天">欲界天</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%81%93" title="六道">五道</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%81%93" title="六道">六道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="天人 (佛教)">天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="人道 (佛教)">人道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BF%AE%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="阿修罗 (佛教)">阿修罗道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%93%E9%AC%BC" title="餓鬼">餓鬼道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%94%9F" title="畜生">畜生道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="地獄 (佛教)">地獄道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="福德 (佛教)">功德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BE%9B_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="法供 (佛教)">供养</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="Category:佛教神話">佛教神話</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教與暴力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and violence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教與暴力（页面不存在）">佛教與暴力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and violence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and violence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A2%AE%E8%83%8E" title="佛教與墮胎">佛教與墮胎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E8%87%AA%E6%AE%BA" title="佛教與自殺">佛教與自盡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%8B%E9%A3%9F" title="斋食">斋食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%94%9F" title="放生">放生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="佛教環保運動">佛教環保運動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教中的女性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women in Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教中的女性（页面不存在）">佛教中的女性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Women in Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women in Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%95%AC%E6%B3%95" title="八敬法">八敬法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%BE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="善女子佛教女眾國際協會">善女子佛教女眾國際協會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教与身体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and the body"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教与身体（页面不存在）">佛教与身体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_body" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and the body"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and the body</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教和性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and sexuality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教和性（页面不存在）">佛教和性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and sexuality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and sexuality</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E8%88%87%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="同性戀與佛教">同性戀與佛教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教经济学">佛教经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教哲学">佛教哲学</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教和西方哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and Western philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教和西方哲学（页面不存在）">佛教和西方哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and Western philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and Western philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教和心理学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教和心理学（页面不存在）">佛教和心理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教和科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism and science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教和科学（页面不存在）">佛教和科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism and science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism and science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="佛教聖地">佛教聖地</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="佛教修行制度">修行制度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="比丘">比丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98%E5%B0%BC" title="比丘尼">比丘尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%BD%8C" title="沙彌">沙彌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%BD%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="沙彌尼">沙彌尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E7%9C%BE" title="出家眾">出家人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%9C" title="阿姜">阿姜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%9A" title="西亞多">西亞多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88" title="三藏法师">三藏法师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%B8%AB" title="禪師">禪師</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="老師 (禅宗)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rōshi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E5%B8%AB_(%E7%A6%85%E5%AE%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老師 (禅宗)（页面不存在）">老师</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" class="extiw" title="en:Rōshi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rōshi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="喇嘛">喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" title="仁波切">仁波切</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%A5%BF" title="格西">格西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古">祖古</a>（活佛）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%B6%E7%9C%BE" title="在家眾">在家眾</a>/ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%A3%AB" title="居士">居士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E5%A1%9E" title="優婆塞">優婆塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E5%A4%B7" title="優婆夷">優婆夷</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%BB" title="声闻">声闻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%B3%95%E9%96%80" title="Category:佛教修行法門">修行法门</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%AD%B7%E8%A1%9B%E7%A6%AA" title="四護衛禪">四護衛禪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%A2%B5%E4%BD%8F" title="四梵住">四梵住</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="慈 (佛教)">慈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="悲 (佛教)">悲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="喜 (佛教)">喜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%A8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="捨 (佛教)">捨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AD%B8" title="三學">三學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%91%A9%E5%9C%B0" title="三摩地">定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="慧 (佛教)">慧</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%88%86%E6%B3%95" title="三十七菩提分法">三十七菩提分法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BF%B5%E4%BD%8F" title="四念住">四念住</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%A3%E5%8B%A4" title="四正勤">四正勤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%B6%B3" title="四神足">四神足</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="力 (佛教)">五力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E8%A6%BA%E6%94%AF" title="七覺支">七覺支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波罗密</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%88%E6%96%BD" title="佈施">佈施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">持戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%8D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="忍 (佛教)">忍辱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%BF%9B" title="精进">精进</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%9A" title="禪定">禪定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="慧 (佛教)">般若</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%BE%9D%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%9D" title="四依四不依">四依四不依</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="献身 (佛教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhist devotion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%AE%E8%BA%AB_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="献身 (佛教)（页面不存在）">献身</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhist devotion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhist devotion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" title="法會">法會</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祭品 (佛教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Offering (Buddhism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%AD%E5%93%81_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祭品 (佛教)（页面不存在）">祭品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" class="extiw" title="en:Offering (Buddhism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Offering (Buddhism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跪拜 (佛教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prostration (Buddhism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AA%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跪拜 (佛教)（页面不存在）">跪拜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" class="extiw" title="en:Prostration (Buddhism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prostration (Buddhism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">持戒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E6%88%92" title="菩薩戒">菩薩戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E6%9C%A8%E5%8F%89" title="波羅提木叉">波羅提木叉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="福德 (佛教)">功德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="护卫经" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paritta"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%AB%E7%BB%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="护卫经（页面不存在）">护卫经</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritta" class="extiw" title="en:Paritta"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paritta</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E9%9B%A2" title="出離">出離</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="力 (佛教)">五学力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="信 (佛教)">信</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="禪學">禪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)" title="諦 (印度哲學)">諦 (印度哲學)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A6_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="諦 (佛教)">諦 (佛教)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%9A" title="禪定">禪定</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%80%9B%E7%BE%85" title="曼怛羅">曼怛羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%84" title="业处">四十业处</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E5%BF%B5" title="随念">随念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E8%88%AC%E9%82%A3%E5%BF%B5" title="安那般那念">安那般那念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A2%E6%91%A9%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="奢摩他">奢摩他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="觀 (佛教)">觀 (佛教)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E7%85%A7%E7%A6%AA" title="默照禪">默照禪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%9D%90" class="mw-redirect" title="禪坐">禪坐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%A1%88" title="公案">公案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%BC%E7%BE%85" title="曼荼羅">曼荼羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E6%B3%95" title="自他交換法">自他交換法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99" title="怛特羅密教">怛特羅密教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%AB" title="伏藏師">伏藏師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%97%8F" title="伏藏">伏藏</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%B5%E4%BD%9B" title="念佛">念佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%9C%9F%E6%B3%95%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="淨土法門">淨土法門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%8F%E6%82%94" title="忏悔">忏悔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C" title="苦行">苦行</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="頭陀">頭陀</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E9%87%8F" title="現量">證量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">辟支佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E9%81%93#菩薩位階" title="菩薩道">菩萨位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%9C" title="四向四果">四向四果</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E9%99%80%E6%B4%B9" title="須陀洹">須陀洹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%90%AB" title="斯陀含">斯陀含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%90%AB" title="阿那含">阿那含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" title="阿罗汉">阿罗汉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="般涅槃">般涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%9C%B0" title="悉地">悉地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%9A" title="九次第定">九次第定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%80%9A" title="神通">神通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%8E%E5%85%AD%E9%80%9A" title="三明六通">三明六通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D" title="果位">果位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%90%E4%BD%9B" title="即身成佛">即生成佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E8%BA%AB%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="肉身菩薩">肉身菩薩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">經典</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="三藏">三藏</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E8%97%8F" title="经藏">经藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E8%97%8F" title="律藏">律藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%97%8F" title="論藏">論藏</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏">巴利三藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%B0%E8%84%A9%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93" title="大正新脩大藏經">大正藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93" title="乾隆大藏經">乾隆大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="藏文大藏经">藏文大藏经</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">原始佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9F%AF%E8%80%B6" title="尼柯耶">巴利經藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93" title="法句經">法句經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="本生 (佛教)">本生經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E5%BE%8B" title="四分律">四分律</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%88%86%E5%BE%8B" title="五分律">五分律</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%8B%E8%97%8F" title="巴利律藏">巴利律藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E9%81%94%E7%A3%A8" title="阿毘達磨">阿毘達磨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="華嚴經">華嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">維摩經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="大般若经">大般若经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">心經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%96%E5%9D%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="六祖坛经">六祖坛经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">妙法莲华经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%94%E7%B6%93%E4%B8%80%E8%AB%96" title="淨土五經一論">淨土三經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E7%B6%B2%E7%B6%93" class="mw-disambig" title="梵網經">梵網經</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93" title="大日經">大日經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%B6%93" title="金光明經">金光明經</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%88%86%E6%95%99" title="九分教">九分教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%88%86%E6%95%99" title="十二分教">十二分教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%88%A4" title="教判">判教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%97%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99" title="天台宗判教">天台宗判教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">流派與系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="三乘">三乘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%BB" title="声闻">聲聞乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">緣覺乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E9%81%93" title="菩薩道">菩薩道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%A0%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南传菩萨道">南传菩萨道</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%9B%E4%B9%98" title="一佛乘">一佛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="小乘佛教">小乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">漢傳大乘佛教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE" title="漢傳佛教宗派">十宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">漢傳密宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AF%86" title="唐密">唐密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="东密">东密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="台密">台密</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%85%E5%AE%97" title="禅宗">禅宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" title="淨土宗">淨土宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%97" title="律宗">律宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%97" title="天台宗">天台宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%97" title="法相宗">唯識宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏傳</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">金刚乘佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:佛教組織">佛教组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教现代主义">佛教现代主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">歷史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">初期佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="结集">結集</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%88%8D%E5%9F%8E%E7%B5%90%E9%9B%86" title="王舍城結集">第一次結集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="第二次结集">第二次结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="第三次结集">第三次结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="第四次结集">第四次结集</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8B" title="十事">十事非法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="根本分裂">根本分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難">法難</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="三武灭佛">三武一宗滅佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E9%9D%9E%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%AA%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%8D" title="大乘非佛說論諍">大乘非佛說論諍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识">上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%9F%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%90" title="三期法运">三期法运</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%">地区/国别</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南亞佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in South Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南亞佛教（页面不存在）">南亞佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in South Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in South Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="阿富汗佛教">阿富汗佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="孟加拉國佛教">孟加拉國佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="尼泊尔佛教">尼泊尔佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="巴基斯坦佛教">巴基斯坦佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="斯里兰卡佛教">斯里兰卡佛教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="东南亚佛教">东南亚佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="泰國佛教">泰國佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="緬甸佛教">緬甸佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="柬埔寨佛教">柬埔寨佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="寮國佛教">寮國佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="越南佛教">越南佛教</a>中、南部</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印尼佛教">印尼佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="马来西亚佛教">马来西亚佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="新加坡佛教">新加坡佛教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律宾佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in the Philippines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾佛教（页面不存在）">菲律宾佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in the Philippines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in the Philippines</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文莱佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Brunei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%8E%B1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文莱佛教（页面不存在）">文莱佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brunei" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Brunei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Brunei</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尔代夫佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in the Maldives"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔代夫佛教（页面不存在）">马尔代夫佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in the Maldives"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in the Maldives</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="東亞佛教">東亞佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">中国佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="朝鲜佛教">朝鲜佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="台灣佛教">台灣佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="越南佛教">越南佛教</a>北部</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏地佛教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏地佛教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏地佛教史（页面不存在）">藏地佛教史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Tibetan Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="不丹佛教">不丹佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古佛教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內蒙古宗教#佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內蒙古宗教（页面不存在）">內蒙古佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Religion in Inner Mongolia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="俄罗斯佛教">俄罗斯佛教</a>西、南部</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中亞佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Central Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中亞佛教（页面不存在）">中亞佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Central Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Central Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%8C%B2%E5%88%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="烏茲別克斯坦佛教">烏茲別克斯坦佛教</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中东佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in the Middle East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中东佛教（页面不存在）">中东佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in the Middle East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in the Middle East</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="伊朗佛教">伊朗佛教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">西方佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="美国佛教">美国佛教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国佛教（页面不存在）">英国佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in the United Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国佛教（页面不存在）">法国佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in France</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比利时佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Belgium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比利时佛教（页面不存在）">比利时佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Belgium" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Belgium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Belgium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Australia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚佛教（页面不存在）">澳大利亚佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Australia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Australia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿根廷佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Argentina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿根廷佛教（页面不存在）">阿根廷佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Argentina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Argentina</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Brazil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西佛教（页面不存在）">巴西佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Brazil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Brazil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="委内瑞拉佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in Venezuela"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%94%E5%86%85%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="委内瑞拉佛教（页面不存在）">委内瑞拉佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in Venezuela"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in Venezuela</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffeec2;;width:1%">藝術</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">佛教藝術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教象征符号" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhist symbolism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教象征符号（页面不存在）">符号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhist symbolism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhist symbolism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhist architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教建築（页面不存在）">佛教建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhist architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhist architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="日本佛教建築">日本佛教建築</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏地佛教建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏地佛教建築（页面不存在）">藏地佛教建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Tibetan Buddhist architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="佛教音樂">佛教音樂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E5%94%84" title="梵唄">梵唄</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8" title="法器">法器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%83%8F" title="佛像">佛像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91" title="中国佛教雕塑">中国佛教雕塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="佛足石">佛足石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E9%A2%98%E6%9D%90%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Category:佛教题材作品">佛教題材作品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E8%8A%82" title="Category:佛教电影节">佛教電影節</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffeec2;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buddhism_dham_jak.gif/20px-Buddhism_dham_jak.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buddhism_dham_jak.gif/30px-Buddhism_dham_jak.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buddhism_dham_jak.gif/40px-Buddhism_dham_jak.gif 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛學大綱（页面不存在）">提纲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Category:佛教">分类</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="佛教用语列表">詞表</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/20px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/30px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/40px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教相关條目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of Buddhism-related articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教相关條目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of Buddhism-related articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of Buddhism-related articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Buddhism" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Buddhism"><b>共享</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Buddhism" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Buddhism"><b>语录</b></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏传佛教"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/20px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/30px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/40px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="金剛乘佛教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible hlist; collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#ffeec2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="Template:密宗"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="Template talk:密宗"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:密宗"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="金剛乘佛教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘佛教</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">母分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E6%95%99" title="显教">顯宗</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="金剛"><img alt="金剛" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/150px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/225px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/300px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">宗派和地域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:green; color:white;color:white;"> 北 </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97#漢傳密宗" title="密宗">漢傳密宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E5%AF%86" title="雜密">雜密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AF%86" title="唐密">唐密</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:blue; color:white;color:white;"> 東 </span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本密教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="真言宗">東密</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="真言宗">古義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%AF%BA%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="東寺真言宗">東寺真言宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%87%8E%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="高野山真言宗">高野山真言宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%96%84%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗善通寺派">真言宗善通寺派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E9%86%8D%E9%86%90%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗醍醐派">真言宗醍醐派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%A4%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗御室派">真言宗御室派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗大覺寺派">真言宗大覺寺派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%89%E6%B6%8C%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗泉涌寺派">真言宗泉涌寺派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%B1%B1%E9%9A%8E%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗山階派">真言宗山階派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%B2%B4%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="信貴山真言宗">信貴山真言宗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真言宗中山寺派" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="真言宗中山寺派"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真言宗中山寺派（页面不存在）">真言宗中山寺派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:真言宗中山寺派"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">真言宗中山寺派</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真言三宝宗" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="真言三宝宗"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真言三宝宗（页面不存在）">真言三宝宗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%AE%97" class="extiw" title="ja:真言三宝宗"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">真言三宝宗</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真言宗須磨寺派" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="真言宗須磨寺派"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E9%A0%88%E7%A3%A8%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真言宗須磨寺派（页面不存在）">真言宗須磨寺派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E9%A0%88%E7%A3%A8%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:真言宗須磨寺派"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">真言宗須磨寺派</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E6%9D%B1%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗東寺派">真言宗東寺派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="新義真言宗">新義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E6%99%BA%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗智山派">真言宗智山派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E8%B1%90%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="真言宗豐山派">真言宗豐山派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真言宗室生寺派" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="真言宗室生寺派"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%9F%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真言宗室生寺派（页面不存在）">真言宗室生寺派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%9F%E5%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:真言宗室生寺派"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">真言宗室生寺派</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%97#日本天台宗" title="天台宗">台密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%97" title="真言律宗">真言律宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E5%B7%9D%E6%B5%81" title="立川流">立川流</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:red; color:black;color:white;"> 西 </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏传</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">密宗</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏地佛教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏地佛教史（页面不存在）">藏地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Tibetan Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派">宁玛派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" title="噶舉派">噶舉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派">萨迦派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BD%93%E6%B4%BE" title="噶当派">噶当派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="息解派">希解派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%9B%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="觉囊派">觉囊派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%89%E5%AE%87%E6%B4%BE" title="觉宇派">觉宇派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%BE" title="郭扎派">郭扎派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="夏鲁派">夏鲁派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E9%82%A6#宗教" title="锡金邦">錫金</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD#国家象征" title="锡金王国">錫金王國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="不丹佛教">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內蒙古宗教#佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內蒙古宗教（页面不存在）">中國內蒙古</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Religion in Inner Mongolia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="俄罗斯佛教">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E6%97%8F#宗教" title="裕固族">裕固族區</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;color:black;"> 南 </span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="东南亚佛教">東南亞</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南亞佛教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhism in South Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南亞佛教（页面不存在）">南亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Buddhism in South Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buddhism in South Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span>密教 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">南傳</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上座部密教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tantric Theravada"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上座部密教（页面不存在）">上座部密教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantric_Theravada" class="extiw" title="en:Tantric Theravada"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tantric Theravada</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%87%E5%AF%86" title="滇密">滇密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%83%A7%E6%B4%BE" title="阿利僧派">阿利僧派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亞密宗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亞密宗（页面不存在）">印尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Esoteric_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬來西亞密宗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malaysian Vajrayana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬來西亞密宗（页面不存在）">馬來</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Vajrayana" class="extiw" title="en:Malaysian Vajrayana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malaysian Vajrayana</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律賓密宗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippine Esoteric Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律賓密宗（页面不存在）">菲律賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Esoteric_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine Esoteric Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippine Esoteric Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="尼泊尔佛教">尼泊爾</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="尼瓦爾佛教">尼瓦爾族區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">歷史和人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99" title="怛特羅密教">怛特羅密教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">婆羅門教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B%E9%81%94%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="沙克達教">性力派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E5%AF%86" title="雜密">雜密/事續/事密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E8%97%8F%E7%95%8C" title="胎藏界">胎藏界/行續/行密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E7%95%8C" title="金刚界">金剛界/瑜伽續/瑜伽密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E7%BA%8C" title="無上瑜伽續">無上瑜伽續</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E5%B0%B1%E8%80%85" title="大成就者">八十四大成就者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%88" title="上师">上师</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%97%8D%E9%BB%8E" title="阿闍黎">阿闍黎</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%9C" title="阿姜">阿姜</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%9E" title="瓦吉拉查爾亞">瓦吉拉查爾亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霎哈嘉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sahaja"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8E%E5%93%88%E5%98%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霎哈嘉（页面不存在）">霎哈嘉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaja" class="extiw" title="en:Sahaja"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sahaja</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E8%96%A9%E5%9F%B5" title="金剛薩埵">金剛薩埵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a></li> <li>漢傳密宗 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%AB" title="开元三大士">开元三大士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E7%84%A1%E7%95%8F" title="善無畏">善無畏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E6%99%BA" title="金剛智">金剛智</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%BA" title="不空">不空</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C" title="一行">僧一行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9" title="法天">法天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%81%AF%E7%81%BE" title="天息灾">天息灾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E8%AD%B7" title="施護">施護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="三武灭佛">三武一宗法難</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E7%8D%A8%E9%83%A8%E5%AF%86%E6%B3%95" title="漢傳獨部密法">漢傳獨部密法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%9E%9C" title="惠果">惠果</a></li> <li>東密<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B5%B7" title="空海">空海</a></li> <li>台密<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E6%BE%84" title="最澄">最澄</a></li> <li>台密<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E4%BB%81" title="圆仁">圆仁</a></li> <li>真言律宗<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="叡尊" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="叡尊"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A1%E5%B0%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叡尊（页面不存在）">叡尊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A1%E5%B0%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:叡尊"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">叡尊</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E6%8C%81%E6%9D%BE" title="释持松">持松</a></li></ul></li> <li>藏傳密宗 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%9E%A2%E5%8F%8B" title="无垢友">无垢友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E8%AD%B7" title="寂護">寂護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%A4" title="拉萨法诤">拉薩漸頓法諍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E6%88%92" title="蓮花戒">蓮花戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E5%B8%83%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E8%A1%8D" title="堪布摩诃衍">堪布摩訶衍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%8E%9B" title="朗达玛">朗达玛</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA%E6%BB%85%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗達瑪滅佛（页面不存在）">滅佛</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難">法難</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%AC%BD%E6%A1%91%E5%B8%83" title="仁欽桑布">仁欽桑布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%95%E5%B3%BD" title="阿底峽">阿底峽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="馬爾巴">馬爾巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4" title="八思巴">八思巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%9B%B9%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA%E4%BB%81%E6%AC%BD" title="賈曹·達瑪仁欽">贾曹杰</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%AA%E9%A1%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="第一世班禪額爾德尼">克主杰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古">靈童轉世</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%8E%A3%E7%B1%A4" title="金瓶掣籤">金瓶掣籤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅额尔德尼</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">聖者和神祇</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="佛陀">佛陀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E5%8D%A2%E9%81%AE%E9%82%A3%E4%BD%9B" title="毗卢遮那佛">毗卢遮那佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B3%A2%E7%8E%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86" title="普賢王如來">普賢王如來</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B3%A2%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%AF%8D" title="普賢王佛母">普賢王佛母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%9D%B0%E7%BE%8C%E4%BD%9B" title="多杰羌佛">多杰羌佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%9B" title="五方佛">五方佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3" title="白衣觀音">白衣佛母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="多羅菩薩">事業佛母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E9%83%A8%E6%AF%8D" title="金剛部母">金剛佛母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%9C%BC%E4%BD%9B%E6%AF%8D" title="佛眼佛母">佛眼佛母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%8B%9D%E4%BD%9B%E9%A0%82" title="尊勝佛頂">尊勝佛母</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%96%E9%9F%B3%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="觀世音菩薩">觀世音菩薩</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3" title="白衣觀音">白衣觀音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="多羅菩薩">多羅菩薩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E8%A1%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="葉衣菩薩">葉衣菩薩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E6%8F%90%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="准提菩萨">准提菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="文殊菩萨">文殊菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B3%A2%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="普賢菩薩">普賢菩薩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E6%89%8B%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="金剛手菩薩">金剛手菩薩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E8%96%A9%E5%9F%B5" title="金剛薩埵">金剛藏王菩薩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="明王">明王</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E9%A6%96%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A" title="火首金刚">烏蒭沙摩明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="大威德明王">大威德明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8A%A8%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="不动明王">不动明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E8%8D%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="军荼利明王">军荼利明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="降三世明王">降三世明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A2%E8%B7%A1%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="穢跡金剛">穢跡金剛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E9%9B%86%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A" title="密集金刚">密集金刚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%B7%A1%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="密跡金剛">密跡金剛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%A0%AD%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="馬頭明王">馬頭明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="孔雀明王">孔雀明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E6%A8%82%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="勝樂金剛">勝樂金剛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E4%BA%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="金剛亥母">金剛亥母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="普巴金剛">普巴金剛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="五大明王">五大明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B#八大明王" title="明王">八大明王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B#十大明王" title="明王">十大明王</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="天部">天部</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%A4%A9" title="十二天">十二天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E8%AF%B8%E5%A4%A9" title="二十诸天">二十诸天</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8A" title="本尊">本尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A6%83" title="明妃">明妃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AD%A6%E7%99%BE%E5%B0%8A" title="文武百尊">文武百尊</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BF%E6%80%92%E5%B0%8A" title="忿怒尊">忿怒尊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%9C%E5%B0%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寂靜尊（页面不存在）">寂靜尊</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">重要教義</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">三密相應</a></li> <li>口密 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" class="mw-disambig" title="真言">真言咒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%80%9B%E7%BE%85" title="曼怛羅">曼怛羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC" title="陀羅尼">陀羅尼</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>身密 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%BC%AA" title="脈輪">氣脈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%BB%9E_(%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F)" title="明點 (符號)">明點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)" title="脈 (印度醫學)">中脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%BC%AA" title="脈輪">脈輪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E9%81%94%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="昆達里尼">拙火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD" title="瑜伽">瑜伽</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD" title="天瑜伽">天瑜伽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD" title="夢瑜伽">夢瑜伽</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="手印">手印</a></li></ul></li> <li>意密 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%8A%A0%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="四加行">四加行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ngöndro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前行（页面不存在）">前行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B6ndro" class="extiw" title="en:Ngöndro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ngöndro</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%85%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛慢（页面不存在）">佛慢</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A5%E6%88%91%E6%88%91%E5%85%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="入我我入（页面不存在）">入我我入</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8/%E5%85%A5%E6%88%91%E6%88%91%E5%85%A5" class="extiw" title="s:佛学大辞典/入我我入">入我我入觀</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1" title="大圆满">大圆满</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%AD%E6%B3%95" title="那洛六法">那洛六法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="大手印">大手印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E5%85%89%E8%BA%AB" title="虹光身">虹光化身</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%90%E4%BD%9B" title="即身成佛">即身成佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%89" title="中有">中陰身</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E8%BD%AE" title="时轮">时轮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%B5%B7%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC" title="生起次第">生起次第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC" title="道次第">道次第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%80%A7%E6%9C%AC%E6%B7%A8" title="心性本淨">心性本淨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密技 (密宗)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E6%8A%80_(%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密技 (密宗)（页面不存在）">密技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantra_techniques_(Vajrayana)" class="extiw" title="en:Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%97%E7%93%A6" title="頗瓦">破瓦法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E4%BD%9B" title="歡喜佛">男女雙修</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="歡喜法">歡喜法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="事業手印">事業手印</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%BC%E7%BE%85" title="曼荼羅">壇城曼荼羅</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑜伽行中观派" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="瑜伽行中観派"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%82%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑜伽行中观派（页面不存在）">瑜伽行中观派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%AD%E8%A6%B3%E6%B4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:瑜伽行中観派"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">瑜伽行中観派</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E6%87%89%E6%88%90%E6%B4%BE" title="中觀應成派">中觀應成派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="如來藏學派">如來藏學派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%98%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="九乘判教（页面不存在）">九乘判教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99#藏传佛教九乘判教" class="mw-redirect" title="判教">判教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%AF%86" title="外密">外密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AF%86%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="內密三乘">內密</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D#四皈依" title="皈依">四皈依</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三昧耶戒" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="三昧耶戒"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%98%A7%E8%80%B6%E6%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三昧耶戒（页面不存在）">三昧耶戒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%A7%E8%80%B6%E6%88%92" class="extiw" title="ja:三昧耶戒"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">三昧耶戒</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AF%86#汉传密教三昧耶戒" title="唐密">汉传三昧耶戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97#藏密三昧耶戒" title="藏傳密宗">藏传三昧耶戒</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ffeec2;">經咒和儀軌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93" title="大日經">大日經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E9%A0%82%E7%B6%93" title="金剛頂經">金剛頂經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%82%89%E5%9C%B0%E7%BE%AF%E7%BE%85%E7%B6%93" title="蘇悉地羯羅經">蘇悉地經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%B6%A3%E7%B6%93" title="理趣經">理趣經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A6%99%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%A6%E5%90%8D%E7%B6%93" title="聖妙吉祥真實名經">聖妙吉祥真實名經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%BA%8C" title="密續">密續</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%97%8F" title="伏藏">伏藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8B%9D%E5%85%AD%E8%8E%8A%E5%9A%B4" title="二勝六莊嚴">二勝六莊嚴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E9%81%93%E7%87%88%E8%AB%96" title="菩提道燈論">菩提道燈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" title="入中論">入中论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%A7%80%E8%8E%8A%E5%9A%B4%E8%AB%96" title="現觀莊嚴論">現觀莊嚴論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E9%81%93%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%E5%BB%A3%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="菩提道次第廣論">菩提道次第廣論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E9%81%93%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%E5%BB%A3%E8%AB%96" title="密宗道次第廣論">密宗道次第廣論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大圓滿直指教授" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pointing-out instruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%93%E6%BB%BF%E7%9B%B4%E6%8C%87%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大圓滿直指教授（页面不存在）">大圓滿直指教授</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing-out_instruction" class="extiw" title="en:Pointing-out instruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pointing-out instruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%82%B2%E5%92%92" title="大悲咒">八十四句大悲咒和千句大悲咒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9A%A8%E6%B1%82%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" title="大隨求菩薩">大隨求菩薩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%8B%9D%E5%92%92" title="尊勝咒">尊勝咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E5%BF%83%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%85%A8%E8%BA%AB%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%AF%B6%E7%AF%8B%E5%8D%B0%E9%99%80%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%93" title="一切如來心秘密全身舍利寶篋印陀羅尼經">宝箧印咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E5%9A%B4%E5%92%92" title="楞嚴咒">楞嚴咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E6%8F%90%E9%99%80%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC" title="准提陀羅尼">准提咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E7%81%8C%E9%A0%82%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="藥師灌頂真言">药师灌顶咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BD%E8%BF%B9%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E5%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="秽迹金刚咒">秽迹金刚咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E8%96%A9%E5%9F%B5#外部連結" title="金剛薩埵">金剛薩埵百字明咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="六字真言">六字大明咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%BD%E9%A3%9F" title="蒙山施食">蒙山施食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%84%B0%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="放焰口">放焰口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="五壇法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="五壇法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E5%A3%87%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五壇法（页面不存在）">五壇法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A3%87%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:五壇法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">五壇法</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E6%91%A9" title="護摩">火供</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A8%E6%A1%91" title="煨桑">煙供</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="八吉祥">八吉祥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E6%9D%B5" title="金刚杵">金刚杵</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三棱杵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kīla (Buddhism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%A3%B1%E6%9D%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三棱杵（页面不存在）">三棱杵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABla_(Buddhism)" class="extiw" title="en:Kīla (Buddhism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kīla (Buddhism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金剛鈴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ghanta"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E9%88%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金剛鈴（页面不存在）">金剛鈴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanta" class="extiw" title="en:Ghanta"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ghanta</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒">轉經筒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮鼓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Damaru"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E9%BC%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮鼓（页面不存在）">达玛如皮鼓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" class="extiw" title="en:Damaru"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Damaru</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E6%84%8F%E5%AF%B6%E7%8F%A0" title="如意寶珠">摩尼寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8D%A1" title="唐卡">唐卡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="筒欽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tibetan horn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%92%E6%AC%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="筒欽（页面不存在）">筒欽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_horn" class="extiw" title="en:Tibetan horn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tibetan horn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#ffeec2;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/16px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/24px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/32px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主題</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetian_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/16px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/24px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tibetian_Wheel.gif/32px-Tibetian_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br />相關模板：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template:藏传佛教">藏傳佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="Template:漢傳密宗">漢傳密宗</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="藏传佛教主要祖古系统" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B00760; color:yellow;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="Template:藏传佛教活佛"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:yellow">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="Template talk:藏传佛教活佛"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:yellow">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:藏传佛教活佛"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:yellow">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="藏传佛教主要祖古系统" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">藏传佛教</span></a>主要<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8F%A4" title="祖古"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">祖古系统</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#D22982; color:yellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">格鲁派</span></a>（黃敎）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅额尔德尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%98%89%E5%91%BC%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="章嘉呼图克图">章嘉呼图克图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%8A%E4%B8%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%91%BC%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="哲布尊丹巴呼图克图">哲布尊丹巴呼图克图</a></li></ul> <p>駐京八大呼圖克圖：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%98%89%E5%91%BC%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="章嘉呼图克图">章嘉呼图克图</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E8%B5%A4%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="赛赤活佛">噶勒丹錫埒圖呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8F%E7%8F%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="敏珠尔活佛">敏珠爾呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%AF%9F%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="达察活佛">濟嚨呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%9C%A8%E5%AF%9F%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="萨木察仓活佛">那木喀呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%98%89%E5%91%BC%E5%9C%96%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96" title="阿嘉呼圖克圖">阿嘉呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="拉科活佛">喇果呼圖克圖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E7%BD%95%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%B1%97%E5%91%BC%E5%9C%96%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96" title="察罕達爾汗呼圖克圖">察罕達爾汗呼圖克圖</a> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="四大林">四大林</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="熱振活佛">熱振活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E5%A2%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="策墨林活佛">策墨林活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%A8%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="德木活佛">德木活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%AF%9F%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="达察活佛">达察活佛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E8%9A%8C%E5%AF%BA" title="哲蚌寺">哲蚌寺</a>系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%90%89%E8%89%B2%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetian_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/80px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/120px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tibetian_Wheel.svg/160px-Tibetian_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#D22982; color:yellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="噶举派"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">噶举派</span></a>（白敎）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%B4%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="香巴噶举派">香巴噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E9%A1%B6%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%90%89%E5%B8%95%E5%A7%86%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="桑顶·多吉帕姆活佛">桑顶·多吉帕姆活佛</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%A2%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔波噶举派（页面不存在）">塔波噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="噶玛噶举派">噶玛噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B7%B4" title="噶玛巴">噶玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%B7%B4" title="夏瑪巴">夏玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%B8%E5%BE%92%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" title="大司徒仁波切">大司徒活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%AF%9F%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="嘉察活佛">嘉察活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%9D%C2%B7%E4%BB%B2%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东宝·仲巴活佛（页面不存在）">东宝·仲巴活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E8%B2%A2%E5%BA%B7%E6%A5%9A" title="蔣貢康楚">蒋贡康楚活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴沃活佛（页面不存在）">巴沃活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BE%E6%9B%B9%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贾曹活佛（页面不存在）">贾曹活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%82%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新杂活佛（页面不存在）">新杂活佛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE" title="竹巴噶举">竹巴噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E9%92%A6%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="竹钦活佛">竹钦活佛</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E7%AB%B9%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕竹噶举派（页面不存在）">帕竹噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="直贡噶举派" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%B2%A2%E5%99%B6%E8%88%89%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="直貢噶舉派">直贡噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%B4%A1%E7%90%BC%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直贡琼仓活佛（页面不存在）">直贡琼仓活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%B4%A1%E5%88%87%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直贡切仓活佛（页面不存在）">直贡切仓活佛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达隆噶举派（页面不存在）">达隆噶举派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E4%BB%B2%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉仲活佛（页面不存在）">吉仲活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E7%A1%AE%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕确活佛（页面不存在）">帕确活佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%B2%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="夏仲活佛">夏仲活佛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#D22982; color:yellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E7%8E%9B%E6%B4%BE" title="宁玛派"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">宁玛派</span></a>（紅敎）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%B5%A4%E9%92%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敏林赤钦（页面不存在）">敏林赤钦</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%AA%E5%8D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="敏林堪千">敏林堪千</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%90%89%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多吉扎活佛（页面不存在）">多吉扎活佛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#D22982; color:yellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="萨迦派"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">萨迦派</span></a>（花敎）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%8B" title="薩迦法王">萨迦崔津法王</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6%E8%BE%BE%E9%92%A6%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨迦达钦法王（页面不存在）">萨迦达钦法王</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="西藏主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:西藏主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:西藏主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:西藏主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="西藏主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉萨市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9C%81%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国省会列表">自治区首府</a>）、印度<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%B0%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="达兰萨拉">达兰萨拉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡政府">西藏流亡政府所在地</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of European exploration in Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史（页面不存在）">欧洲人在西藏的探险史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:History of European exploration in Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of European exploration in Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏護照史">護照史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%BC%E9%93%B6%E9%92%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中尼银钱贸易">藏尼银钱贸易</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏攝影史">攝影史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F" title="历史分期">分期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#上古时期" title="西藏历史">史前<small>(新石器时期)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃帝國歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="唐朝與吐蕃關係史">与唐朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="吐蕃分裂时期">分裂时期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%87%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%9B" title="吐蕃臣民大反叛">臣民大反叛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="宋朝與吐蕃關係史">与宋朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="蒙古征服吐蕃">蒙古入侵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="元朝治藏歷史">元朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="宣政院">宣政院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%B7%B4" title="夏瑪巴">夏瑪巴</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B7%B4" title="噶玛巴">噶玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B7%B4%E6%B1%97" title="藏巴汗">藏巴汗王朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝與吐蕃關係史">与明朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和硕特汗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E4%B8%B9%E9%A2%87%E7%AB%A0" title="甘丹颇章">甘丹颇章</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治藏歷史">清朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="清朝征服西藏">清朝征服西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E8%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="駐藏大臣">駐藏大臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="藏區分治">藏區分治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="藏軍 (清朝)">清朝藏軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F" title="川軍入藏">川軍入藏</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">1912-1951年</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國與西藏關係史">與民國關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9B" title="藏军">藏军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="西姆拉條約">西姆拉條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">康藏边界纠纷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第二次驅漢事件">第二次驅漢事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華人民共和國治藏歷史">中華人民共和國统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议">十七条协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="西藏和平解放">解放军进驻西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%87%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%A6" title="七万言书">七萬言書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA1950%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E5%92%8C%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱（页面不存在）">抗议和骚乱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" class="extiw" title="en:Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1959年藏区骚乱">1959年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1989年拉萨骚乱">1989年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2008年西藏骚乱">2008年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年藏区骚乱">2012年</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="西藏地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Category:西藏植物">植物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏湖泊列表（页面不存在）">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="Category:西藏山脉">山脉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜马拉雅山">喜马拉雅山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="洛子峰">洛子峰</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="章子峰">章子峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B3%B0" title="南迦巴瓦峰">南迦巴瓦峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="唐古拉山脉">唐古拉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="Category:西藏河流">河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="雅鲁藏布大峡谷">大峡谷</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%92%E5%B8%83%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="绒布冰川">绒布冰川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E5%A1%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="羌塘国家级自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:西藏峡谷（页面不存在）">峡谷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">传统地区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多地区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">乌思藏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="西藏政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="西藏自治区人民政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">党委</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会">人大</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会">人大常委会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国人民政治协商会议西藏自治区委员会">政协</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自治区外事办公室（页面不存在）">外事办</a></li></ul></li> <li>领导人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏君主列表">西藏君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃君主列表">吐蕃君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="西藏自治区人民政府主席">自治区主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">自治区党委书记</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央">藏人行政中央</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡议会">议会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="西藏的名称">名称</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏对外事务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏对外事务（页面不存在）">对外关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="檀越关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patron and priest relationship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%80%E8%B6%8A%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="檀越关系（页面不存在）">檀越关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="extiw" title="en:Patron and priest relationship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patron and priest relationship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏印关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="India–Tibet relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏印关系（页面不存在）">藏印关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" class="extiw" title="en:India–Tibet relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">India–Tibet relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%83%85%E5%B1%80%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="中情局西藏项目">中情局西藏项目</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="西藏人权">人权</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8FLGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A" title="西藏LGBT权益">LGBT权益</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="西藏独立运动">藏独</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="西藏农奴制度">农奴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="西藏问题">西藏问题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏經濟">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏郵政史">邮票和邮政史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%81" title="藏币">藏币</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="西藏交通">西藏交通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏铁路">青藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏铁路">川藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%97%A5%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉日铁路">拉日铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%9E%97%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉林铁路">拉林铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏公路">青藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏公路">川藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E8%B4%A1%E5%98%8E%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨贡嘎机场">拉萨贡嘎机场</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="西藏旅游">旅游业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#教育" title="西藏自治区">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#宗教" title="西藏自治区">宗教</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏傳佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E9%94%99" title="拉姆拉错">拉姆拉错</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒">轉經筒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A8%E6%A1%91" title="煨桑">煨桑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%8E%A3%E7%B1%A4" title="金瓶掣籤">金瓶掣籤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%96%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="西藏汉化政策">汉化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B6%E5%B1%82" title="西藏社会阶层">社会阶层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羌巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Changpa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羌巴（页面不存在）">羌巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpa" class="extiw" title="en:Changpa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Changpa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="由牧族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yolmo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B1%E7%89%A7%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="由牧族（页面不存在）">由牧族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolmo" class="extiw" title="en:Yolmo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yolmo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="海外藏人">海外藏人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="藏族人名">姓名</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:西藏艺术">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">历法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%9C" title="西藏菜">饮食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97_(%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91)" title="宗 (建筑)">宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="西藏国徽">国徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="藏族节日">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E6%97%97" title="雪山獅子旗">旗帜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏自治区境内的全国重点文物保护单位列表">全国重点文物保护单位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE" title="哈达">哈达<small>(礼敬围巾)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="藏族文学">文学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="吐蕃大事纪年">吐蕃大事纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%B4%8A%E6%99%AE%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="吐蕃贊普傳記">吐蕃贊普傳記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%A4%AE%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="倉央嘉措詩歌">倉央嘉措詩歌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏作家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Tibetan writers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏作家列表（页面不存在）">作家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tibetan writers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Tibetan writers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="藏族音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="藏学">藏学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏医</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%8C%BB%E5%85%B8" title="四部医典">四部医典</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="Category:西藏">分类</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="藏区" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:藏区"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Template talk:藏区"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:藏区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="藏区" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">藏北高原</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E%E5%B1%B1" title="藏区八大神山">藏区八大神山</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="喜马拉雅山脉">喜马拉雅山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="横断山脉">横断山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%B5%E9%9D%92%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1" title="念青唐古拉山">念青唐古拉山</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="唐古拉山脉">唐古拉山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%A2%9C%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="巴颜喀拉山脉">巴颜喀拉山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E5%BA%95%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="冈底斯山脉">冈底斯山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="昆仑山脉">昆仑山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="柴达木盆地">柴达木盆地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南谷地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="雅鲁藏布大峡谷">雅鲁藏布大峡谷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%92%E6%B1%9F" title="怒江">怒江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E6%B1%9F" title="金沙江">金沙江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%9C%E6%B2%A7%E6%B1%9F" title="澜沧江">澜沧江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%9C%A8%E9%94%99" title="纳木错">纳木错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E5%8D%93%E9%9B%8D%E9%94%99" title="羊卓雍错">羊卓雍错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%97%81%E9%9B%8D%E9%8C%AF" title="瑪旁雍錯">瑪旁雍錯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%AC%E9%94%99" title="班公错">班公错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E6%8E%AA" title="巴松措">巴松措</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%94%99" title="森里错">森里错</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="古羌人">古羌人</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%BE%8C%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F" title="发羌入藏">发羌入藏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%90" title="氐">氐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%97%84" title="唐旄">唐旄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%91" title="吐谷浑">吐谷浑</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%83%E5%8E%AE%E5%95%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="唃厮啰国">唃厮啰国</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="蒙古征服吐蕃">蒙古征服</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="元朝治藏歷史">元</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="薩迦巴">薩迦巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="宣政院">宣政院</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a>）/ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝與吐蕃關係史">明</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B7%B4%E6%B1%97" title="藏巴汗">藏巴汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和碩特汗國</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治藏歷史">清</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="藏區分治">藏區分治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%97%A9%E9%99%A2" title="理藩院">理藩院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E8%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="駐藏大臣">駐藏大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BB%88" title="噶廈">噶廈</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">西藏</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9B" title="藏军">藏軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="西姆拉條約">西姆拉條約</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">中藏戰爭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第二次驅漢事件">第二次驅漢事件</a>）/ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國與西藏關係史">民国</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="蒙藏委員會">蒙藏会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="西藏地方">西藏地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81" title="西康省">西康省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="青海省 (中華民國)">青海省</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華人民共和國治藏歷史">共和国</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="西藏和平解放">西藏和平解放</a>、<a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1959年藏区骚乱">1959年藏区骚乱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="西藏土地改革运动">土地改革</a>、<a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2008年西藏骚乱">2008年西藏骚乱</a>、<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年藏区骚乱">2012年藏区骚乱</a>（<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%98%E5%AD%9C%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年甘孜骚乱">甘孜</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E9%80%A3%E7%92%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%84%9A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="藏區連環自焚事件">藏人自焚</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏護照史">護照</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">貨幣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏郵政史">郵政</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="西藏农奴制度">农奴制争议</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏攝影史">攝影</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央">藏人行政中央</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">传统<br />分区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">衛藏</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">卫</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">藏</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘</a>） |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E7%94%98%E6%80%9D" title="朵甘思">多康</a>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多</a></b> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a></b>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%9C%81%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="四省藏区">四省藏区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E7%9C%81" title="青海省">青海省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81" title="四川省">四川省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="云南省">云南省</a>各藏族自治地方</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="中印边界问题">中印爭議地區</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E7%BA%B3%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="阿鲁纳恰尔邦">阿鲁纳恰尔邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南地區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现居<br />族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國民族列表">官方识别</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="门巴族">门巴族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%9E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="珞巴族">珞巴族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a></li></ol> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华人民共和国未识别民族">官方未识别</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="僜人">僜人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B5%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="嘉絨人">嘉絨人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="白馬人">白馬人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="夏尔巴人">夏尔巴人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%9E" title="藏回">藏回（古格人）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="羌塘（藏北）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘<small>（藏北）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">藏北高原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E6%BA%90" title="三江源">三江源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E6%BA%90" title="长江源">长江源</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄河源（页面不存在）">黄河源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E6%9B%B2_(%E6%BE%9C%E6%B2%A7%E6%B1%9F)" title="扎曲 (澜沧江)">澜沧江源</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%8F" title="霍爾三十九族">霍爾三十九族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9B%E6%9B%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%A7" title="绛曲基巧">绛曲基巧</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%9B%B2%E5%B8%82" title="那曲市">那曲</a></b>：<br /><b>拉萨</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E9%9B%84%E5%8E%BF" title="当雄县">当雄县</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="阿里（纳里、俄力思）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里<small>（纳里、俄力思）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里高原（页面不存在）">阿里高原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%AC%E9%94%99" title="班公错">班公错</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8A%9B%E6%80%9D%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5%E5%BA%9C" title="俄力思軍民元帥府">俄力思軍民元帥府</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里地区</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%97%E7%96%86%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BA" title="中国人民解放军南疆军区">南疆军区</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%86%9B%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="中国人民解放军西藏阿里军分区">阿里军分区</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="卫（前藏）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">卫<small>（前藏）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E6%B2%B3" title="拉萨河">拉萨河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%97%84" title="唐旄">唐旄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏都司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">近代西藏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉萨市</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="山南市">山南市</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8A%9D%E5%B8%82" title="林芝市">林芝市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%AE%9C%E5%8C%BA" title="巴宜区">巴宜区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%BF" title="工布江达县">工布江达县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%82" title="米林市">米林市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E5%8E%BF" title="朗县">朗县</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB" title="布达拉宫">冬宫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%A1" title="罗布林卡">夏宫</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="藏（后藏）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">藏<small>（后藏）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏都司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和硕特汗国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">近代西藏</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%96%80%E5%88%99%E5%B8%82" title="日喀则市">日喀则市</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅额尔德尼</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E4%BB%80%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%BA" title="扎什伦布寺">扎什伦布寺</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="康（喀木、多朵）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康<small>（喀木、多朵）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E7%AD%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="吐蕃等路宣慰使司都元帅府">吐蕃等路</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E7%94%98%E8%A1%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="朵甘行都指挥使司">朵甘行都司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="巴塘事变">巴塘事变</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%95%A5%E4%BD%BF_(%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C)" title="经略使 (北洋政府)">川边经略使</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E5%AE%88%E4%BD%BF" title="鎮守使">川边镇守使</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%82%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%8D%80" title="川邊特別區">川邊特別區</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81" title="西康省">西康省</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E9%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%A7" title="朵麦基巧">朵麥基巧</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">康藏纠纷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD)" title="西康省 (中华人民共和国)">西康戰役</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="昌都地区">昌都地区</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%9B%B2%E5%B8%82" title="那曲市">那曲市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%82%E8%8D%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="聂荣县">聂荣县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%8E%BF" title="巴青县">巴青县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%8E%BF" title="索县">索县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%82%E5%8E%BF" title="比如县">比如县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E9%BB%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="嘉黎县">嘉黎县</a>） |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8A%9D%E5%B8%82" title="林芝市">林芝市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E9%9A%85%E5%8E%BF" title="察隅县">察隅县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%86%E5%8E%BF" title="波密县">波密县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%84%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="墨脱县">墨脱县</a>）<br /><b>青海</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E6%A0%91%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="玉树藏族自治州">玉树州</a><br /><b>四川</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%AD%9C%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘孜藏族自治州">甘孜州</a><br /><b>云南</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%BA%86%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="迪庆藏族自治州">迪庆州</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%AB%E8%A7%86" title="康巴卫视">康巴卫视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%BB%92%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="嘉绒语支">嘉绒语支</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="帕巴拉活佛">帕巴拉活佛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" title="强巴林寺">强巴林寺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="安多（多麦）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多<small>（多麦）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%83%E5%8E%AE%E5%95%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="唃厮啰国">唃厮啰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E7%AD%89%E5%A4%84%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="吐蕃等处宣慰使司都元帅府">吐蕃等處</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>青海</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="海北藏族自治州">海北州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="海南藏族自治州">海南州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="黄南藏族自治州">黃南州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%B4%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="果洛藏族自治州">果洛州</a><br /><b>甘肃</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘南藏族自治州">甘南州</a><br /><b>四川</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%9D%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="阿坝藏族羌族自治州">阿坝州(北部)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%8D%AB%E8%A7%86" title="安多卫视">安多卫视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%9C%E6%A5%9E%E5%AF%BA" title="拉卜楞寺">拉卜楞寺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国宪法">宪法</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国宪法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国婚姻法">婚姻法</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国婚姻法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国教育法">教育法</a> <ul><li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:中国伊斯兰教院校（页面不存在）">院校</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="中国天主教">天主教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>一会一团：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教爱国会">中国天主教爱国会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" title="中國天主教主教團">中國天主教主教團</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="中華人民共和國—梵蒂岡關係">中梵关系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%81%B8%E8%87%AA%E8%81%96%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國自選自聖主教列表">自选自圣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">地上教会</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教地下教会">地下教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)" title="中華殉道聖人 (天主教)">中华殉道圣人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教教区列表">教区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E8%AA%8D%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聖座認可之中國大陸主教列表">主教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国天主教堂">圣堂</a><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教堂列表">列表</a></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%BF%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BD%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="佘山进教之佑圣母大殿">宗座圣殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国天主教主教座堂">主教座堂</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E9%99%A2" title="Category:中国天主教修院">修院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国天主教圣母朝圣地（页面不存在）">圣母朝圣地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%BE%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A0%82" title="东闾中华圣母堂">河北东闾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%BF%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BD%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="佘山进教之佑圣母大殿">上海佘山</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="中国基督教新教">基督新教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="两会 (消歧义)">两会</a>”：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会">全国三自</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教协会">中国基督教协会</a></b><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="爱德基金会">爱德基金会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="南京爱德印刷有限公司">爱德印刷公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="金陵协和神学院">金陵协和神学院</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">三自教会</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">地下教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="中國自立教會">中国自立教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="真耶稣教会">真耶稣教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="安息日会在中国">安息日会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="三自宣言">《三自宣言》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%AE%E5%A0%82%E7%8C%AE%E5%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="献堂献庙（页面不存在）">献堂献庙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合礼拜（页面不存在）">联合礼拜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="控诉运动">控诉运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%97%EF%BC%88%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%EF%BC%89" title="赞美诗（新编）">《赞美诗（新编）》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国基督教神学思想建设（页面不存在）">神学思想建设</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国新教教堂">教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="Category:中国基督教新教神学院校">神学院校</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非全国性<br />合法宗教<br />及其团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">东正教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中华东正教会">中华东正教会</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑龙江东正教（页面不存在）">黑龙江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="哈尔滨东正教">哈尔滨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内蒙古东正教（页面不存在）">内蒙古</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新疆东正教（页面不存在）">新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京东正教（页面不存在）">北京</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海东正教（页面不存在）">上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%8A%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="正教會普世宗主教聖統香港及東南亞都主教教區">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99)" title="中華殉道聖人 (東正教)">中华殉道圣人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">少数民族<br />传统宗教及信仰</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%8E%9B%E6%95%99" title="赛玛教">赛玛教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E6%97%8F" title="佤族">佤族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="毕摩教">毕摩教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族">彝族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">东巴教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="纳西族">纳西族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99" title="师公教">师公教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BD%E6%95%99" title="麽教">麽教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">摩教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F" title="布依族">布依族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="羌族傳統信仰">羌族传统信仰</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="瑶族道教">瑶族道教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苗族传统信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Miao folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苗族传统信仰（页面不存在）">苗族传统信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Miao folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Miao folk religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F" title="苗族">苗族</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">汉族传统宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="孔教">孔教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="香港孔教學院">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳門孔教會（页面不存在）">澳門</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%AD%94%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="深圳孔聖堂（页面不存在）">深圳</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莆田市三一教协会（页面不存在）">福建</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他信仰<br />及其组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國傳統宗法性宗教">中國傳統宗法性宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="中國祕密宗教">中國祕密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國大陸神社列表">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩门教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国印度教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hinduism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国印度教（页面不存在）">中国印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Hinduism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hinduism in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国锡克教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sikhism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国锡克教（页面不存在）">中国锡克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Sikhism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sikhism in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非法教派<br />或团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="行政认定的邪教" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">行政认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%96%E9%81%93" title="附佛外道">相关</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95%E9%96%80_(%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="觀音法門 (新興宗教)">觀音法門</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" title="圆顿法门">圆顿法门</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E5%AE%97" title="真佛宗">灵仙真佛宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="心灵法门">心灵法门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%96%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="呼喊派">呼喊派</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="地方召會運動">地方召會運動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%89%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%AB%99" title="中华大陆行政执事站">中华大陆行政执事站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%83%BD%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="全能神教會">全能神教會/东方闪电</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%AB%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="被立王">被立王</a>及其派生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="主神教">主神教</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%B5%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="三赎基督">门徒会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BE" title="重生派">全范围教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%81%B5%E6%95%99" title="灵灵教">灵灵教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新約教會">新约教会</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5" title="血水圣灵">血水圣灵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="統一教">統一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%8F%AD%E4%BB%86%E4%BA%BA" title="三班仆人">三班仆人派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="家庭國際">天父的儿女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="达米宣教会">达米宣教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="世界以利亚福音宣教会">世界以利亚福音宣教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">法院认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门（华藏功）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="银河联邦">银河联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A6%85%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生命禅院（页面不存在）">生命禅院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="净空法师">净宗学会</a></li> <li>部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">基督教家庭教會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氣功">氣功</a>团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%9B%8A%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9F" title="中华养生益智功">中功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="亚洲各国家和地區佛教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:亚洲题目"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template talk:亚洲题目"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" 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