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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>This was the first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> State <a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Equal Rights</a> League, which was a <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> organization formed to promote equal rights for <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> citizens of the state. The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League was part of a nationwide movement to promote legal and political rights for black Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proceedings_of_the_Convention">Proceedings of the Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Proceedings of the Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This convention convened in <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg">Harrisburg</a>, Pennsylvania at the Union Wesleyan Church from February 8–10, 1865. Two sessions were held per day. The morning session was from 9:30am to 12:30pm, and the afternoon session was from 2pm to 5pm. Each session was opened with prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolutions_Adopted">Resolutions Adopted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Resolutions Adopted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>African American citizens of Pennsylvania should commit themselves to studying industrial, mercantile, commercial, and literary topics.</li> <li>Southern freedmen should pursue moral and religious edification, as well as frugality, self-reliance, and practical education. Assistance was offered to them in these regards, and the League extended its warmest brotherly concern.</li> <li>All due effort was to be put forth toward gaining nationwide elective franchise.</li> <li>The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League would support the decisions made by the <a href="/wiki/National_Equal_Rights_League" title="National Equal Rights League">National Equal Rights League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Rules for the conduction of future League meetings were also established:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ol><li>A quorum on business was to be made of a third of the members of the Convention.</li> <li>No motion would be received unless the Speaker of the Convention was present at the bar.</li> <li>No Convention member would be allowed to speak more than twice on any single question unless they were given special permission to do so. Contributions were to be limited to ten minutes of floor time for the first, and five minutes for the second.</li> <li>Each member of the Convention would pay $2 for membership.</li> <li>A collection would be taken at the end of each Convention session, the proceeds of which would support Convention business.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_of_the_Convention">Legacy of the Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy of the Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A devoted contingent of interracial civil rights activists was established and supported by the work of this Convention, though the emphasis was still on activists of color. The members of the Convention acknowledged and welcomed the input and effort of "... the friends of Equal Rights without regard to color."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the Convention petitioned Congress for nationwide citizenship and enfranchisement. They published an address to the citizens of Pennsylvania, explaining the reasons for the League's formation, and calling for equal rights to be conferred upon the colored people of Pennsylvania; they reminded citizens and lawmakers that colored people had once been considered legal citizens of the state, and those rights had been taken from them.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special mention was made of the women whose work supported the Convention. The Convention offered thanks to the women who worked to alleviate the suffering of African-American soldiers and pledged to help them however possible, though Convention membership was not offered to women.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Members">Notable Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some parties to the convention were prominent civil rights activists. These men were elected to office within the League.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Nesbit_(activist)" title="William Nesbit (activist)">William Nesbit</a> was elected president of the League. He was instrumental in lobbying Congress for the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment.</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Octavius_Catto" title="Octavius Catto">Octavius Catto</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Boyer_Vashon" title="George Boyer Vashon">George B. Vashon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_C._White_Jr." title="Jacob C. White Jr.">Jacob C. White Jr</a>. were elected as secretaries over the longer course of the League's lifespan. For this first meeting, Octavius Catto, Redman Fausett, and Alex T. Harris served as secretaries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colored_Conventions_Movement" title="Colored Conventions Movement">Colored Conventions Movement</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Equal_Rights_League" title="National Equal Rights League">National Equal Rights League</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavius_Catto" title="Octavius Catto">Octavius Catto</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Nesbit_(activist)" title="William Nesbit (activist)">William Nesbit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavis2002" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Hugh (Oct 2002). "The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League and the Northern Black Struggle for Legal Equality, 1864-1877". <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>126</b> (4): 611–634. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093576">20093576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+and+the+Northern+Black+Struggle+for+Legal+Equality%2C+1864-1877&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=611-634&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20093576%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/files/original/3851ecc716172408f931c61eccdbbc14.pdf"><i>Proceedings of the State Equal Rights' Convention, of the Colored People of Pennsylvania, held in the city of Harrisburg February 8th, 9th, and 10th, 1865 : together with a few of the arguments presented suggesting the necessity for holding the convention, and an address of the Colored State Convention to the people of Pennsylvania</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Harrisburg, PA: Mc. C. Crummill. 1865. pp. 3–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+State+Equal+Rights%27+Convention%2C+of+the+Colored+People+of+Pennsylvania%2C+held+in+the+city+of+Harrisburg+February+8th%2C+9th%2C+and+10th%2C+1865+%3A+together+with+a+few+of+the+arguments+presented+suggesting+the+necessity+for+holding+the+convention%2C+and+an+address+of+the+Colored+State+Convention+to+the+people+of+Pennsylvania.&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=3-54&rft.pub=Mc.+C.+Crummill&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomeka.coloredconventions.org%2Ffiles%2Foriginal%2F3851ecc716172408f931c61eccdbbc14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn84025760/1865-02-13/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=01%2F01%2F1865&city=&date2=03%2F01%2F1865&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=1&words=colored+Convention&county=&frequency=&ortext=&proxtext=colored+convention&phrasetext=&andtext=&rows=20&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1">"Colored Equal Rights Convention"</a>. <i>The Daily Pittsburgh Gazette</i>. Feb 13, 1865.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Pittsburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=Colored+Equal+Rights+Convention&rft.date=1865-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanewsarchive.psu.edu%2Flccn%2Fsn84025760%2F1865-02-13%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F%23date1%3D01%252F01%252F1865%26city%3D%26date2%3D03%252F01%252F1865%26searchType%3Dadvanced%26language%3D%26sequence%3D0%26index%3D1%26words%3Dcolored%2BConvention%26county%3D%26frequency%3D%26ortext%3D%26proxtext%3Dcolored%2Bconvention%26phrasetext%3D%26andtext%3D%26rows%3D20%26dateFilterType%3DyearRange%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Hugh (October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093576">"The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League and the Northern Black Struggle for Legal Equality, 1864-1877"</a>. <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>126</b> (4): 613–614. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093576">20093576</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+and+the+Northern+Black+Struggle+for+Legal+Equality%2C+1864-1877&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=613-614&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20093576%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20093576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+Pennsylvania+State+Equal+Rights+League+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coloredconventions.org/">Colored Conventions Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarycompany.org/geniusoffreedom/colored-conventions/">The Genius of Freedom</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&oldid=1260910337">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1865_Pennsylvania_State_Equal_Rights_League_Convention&oldid=1260910337</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1865_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:1865 in Pennsylvania">1865 in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1865_conferences" title="Category:1865 conferences">1865 conferences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania in the American Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reconstruction_Era" title="Category:Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction Era</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 December 2024, at 06:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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