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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Akoma Ntoso</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akoma_Ntoso_NPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Akoma_Ntoso_NPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <i>akoma ntoso</i> symbol (as seen on the US <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a> in New York City)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> application/akn+xml</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">UN DESA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">30 August 2018<span class="noprint">; 6 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-08-30</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_informatics" title="Legal informatics">Legal informatics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/cos01/part1-vocabulary/akn-core-v1.0-cos01-part1-vocabulary.html">Akoma Ntoso 1.0 - XML vocabulary</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/cos01/part2-specs/akn-core-v1.0-cos01-part2-specs.html">specifications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Akoma Ntoso</b> (<i>A</i>rchitecture for <i>K</i>nowledge-<i>O</i>riented <i>M</i>anagement of <i>A</i>frican <i>N</i>ormative <i>T</i>exts using <i>O</i>pen <i>S</i>tandards and <i>O</i>ntologies) is an international <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">technical standard</a> for representing <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> documents in a structured manner using a domain specific, legal XML vocabulary. </p><p>The term <i>akoma ntoso</i> means "linked hearts" in the <a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan language</a> of West Africa and for this reason it was selected for nominating this legal XML standard. The usual acronym is <b>AKN</b>, to designate the <i>XML AKN format</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Akoma Ntoso standard defines a set of ‘machine readable’ electronic representations in <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> format of the building blocks of parliamentary, legislative and judiciary documents". </p><p>The standard is composed of : </p> <ul><li>an XML vocabulary<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that defines the mapping between the structure of legal documents and their equivalent in XML;</li> <li>specifications of an <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that defines the structure of legal documents in <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>. They provide rich possibilities of description for several types of parliamentary, legislative and judiciary document, such as bills, acts and parliamentary records, judgments, or gazettes;</li> <li>a recommended naming convention<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for providing unique identifier to legal sources based on <a href="/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records" title="Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records">FRBR</a> model;</li> <li>a MIME type definition.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akoma Ntoso is an international legal document standard that serves as the basis for modern machine-readable and fully digital legislative and judicial processes. This is achieved by providing a coherent syntax and well-defined semantics to represent legal documents in a digital format. It is designed to be suitable as a common exchange format in all parliamentary, legal and judicial systems around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking advantage of the shared heritage present in all legal systems, Akoma Ntoso has been developed to have ample flexibility to respond to all the differences in texts, languages, and legal practices. Aiming to expand on certain common practices, the standard therefore has a broad scope. It provides, inter alia, a common extensible model for data (the document content) and metadata (such as bibliographic information and annotations). Specifically, as a common legal document standard for the interchange of legal documents it is designed to be highly flexible in its support of documents and functionalities,12 maintaining a large set of both structural and semantic building blocks (over 500 entities in version 3.0) for representing this wide variety of document types of virtually all legal traditions. It is extensible in order to allow for modifications to address the individual criteria of organizations or unique aspects of various legal practices and languages without sacrificing interoperability with other systems. </p><p>Akoma Ntoso is as such part of a wider approach to developing open, non-proprietary technical standards for structuring legal documents and information under the name of <a href="/wiki/Legal_XML" title="Legal XML">Legal XML</a>, which also includes formats and standards for, e.g., eContracts, eNotarization, electronic court filings, the technical representation of legal norms and rules (<a href="/w/index.php?title=LegalRuleML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LegalRuleML (page does not exist)">LegalRuleML</a>) or technical standards for the interfaces of, e.g., litigant portal exchange platforms. </p><p>Akoma Ntoso allows machine-driven processes to operate on the syntactic and semantic components of digital parliamentary, judicial and legislative documents, thus facilitating the development of high-quality information resources.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can substantially enhance the performance, accountability, quality and openness of parliamentary and legislative operations based on best practices and guidance through machine-assisted drafting and machine-assisted (legal) analysis. Embedded in the environment of the semantic web, it forms the basis for a heterogenous yet interoperable ecosystem, with which these tools can operate and communicate, as well as for future applications and use cases based on digital law or rule representation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_adoption_throughout_the_world">History and adoption throughout the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History and adoption throughout the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akoma Ntoso started as an <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">UNDESA</a> project in 2004<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the initiative <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_informatics#Africa" title="Parliamentary informatics">"Strengthening Parliaments’ Information Systems in Africa"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its core vocabulary was created mostly by two professors from the Centre for Research in the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Law and in Computer Science and Law (CIRSFID) of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>. A first legislative <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a> supporting Akoma Ntoso was developed in 2007 on the base of <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010 <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> developed an open source web-based application called AT4AM<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on Akoma Ntoso<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for facilitating the production and the management of legislative amendments.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanks to this project, the application of Akoma Ntoso could be extended to new type of documents (e.g. legislative proposal, transcript) and to other scenarios (e.g., multilingual translation process). </p><p>Akoma Ntoso also was explicitly designed to be compliant with <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">CEN</a> Metalex,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the other popular legal standards,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is used in the <a href="/wiki/UK_Statute_Law_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Statute Law Database">UK Statute Law Database</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the Akoma Ntoso specifications became the main working base for the activities of the LegalDocML Technical Committee within the <a href="/wiki/Legal_XML" title="Legal XML">LegalXML</a> member section of <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oasis-akoma-ntoso_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oasis-akoma-ntoso-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "United States Legislative Markup" (USLM) schema<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> (the US codified laws), developed in 2013, and the <a href="/wiki/LexML_Brasil" title="LexML Brasil">LexML Brasil</a> XML schema for Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> documents, developed before, in 2008, were both designed to be consistent with Akoma Ntoso.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lexml_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lexml-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">United States Library of Congress</a> created the Markup of US Legislation in Akoma Ntoso challenge in July 2013 to create representations of selected US bills using the most recent Akoma Ntoso standard within a couple months for a $5000 prize,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Legislative XML Data Mapping challenge in September 2013 to produce a data map for US bill XML and UK bill XML to the most recent Akoma Ntoso schema within a couple months for a $10000 prize.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives of UK</a> converted all the legislation in AKN in 2014. The availability of bulk legislation "moved the UK's ranking from fourth to first, in the 2014 Global Open Data Index, for legislation".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of Italian Republic</a> provides, since July 2016, all the bills in Akoma Ntoso as bulk in open data repository.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German Federal Ministry of the Interior started the project Elektronische Gesetzgebung ("Electronic Legislation") in 2015/2016<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published Version 1.0 of the German application profile "LegalDocML.de" in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The projects aim is to digitalize the entire legislative lifecycle from drafting to publication. Germany decided to adopt a model-driven development approach to creating and providing a subschema-based application profile in order to ensure interoperability among organizationally independent actors, each with their respective IT landscapes and tools.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this initial version LegalDocML.de covers draft bills in the form of laws, regulations and general administrative directives. As part of an ongoing development process, the standard could incrementally be expanded in future stages to include all relevant document types of parliamentary, legislative and promulgation processes and tools.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The High-Level Committee on Management (HLCM), part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">United Nations System</a> Chief Executives Board for Coordination, set up a Working Group on Document Standards that approved in April 2017 to adopt Akoma Ntoso as standard for modeling its documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akoma Ntoso in its version 1.0 is finally adopted as OASIS standard in the frame of LegalDocML in August 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_aims">Definition and aims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Definition and aims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As official self-description, the standard </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>(...) defines a set of simple, technology-neutral electronic representations of parliamentary, legislative and judiciary documents for e-services in a worldwide context and provides an enabling framework for the effective exchange of "machine readable" parliamentary, legislative and judiciary documents such as legislation, debate record, minutes, judgements, etc. </p><p><br />Providing access to primary legal materials, parliamentary works and judiciaries documents is not just a matter of giving physical or on-line access to them. "Open access" requires the information to be described and classified in a uniform and organized way so that content is structured into meaningful elements that can be read and understood by software applications, so that the content is made "machine readable" and more sophisticated applications than on-screen display are made possible. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_XML" title="Legal XML">Legal XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LexML" title="LexML">LexML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_informatics" title="Legal informatics">Legal informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_informatics" title="Parliamentary informatics">Parliamentary informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LegalDocML" class="mw-redirect" title="LegalDocML">LegalDocML</a> (OASIS LegalDocumentML)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/os/part1-vocabulary/akn-core-v1.0-os-part1-vocabulary.html">"Akoma Ntoso Version 1.0. Part 1: XML Vocabulary"</a>. <i>docs.oasis-open.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.oasis-open.org&rft.atitle=Akoma+Ntoso+Version+1.0.+Part+1%3A+XML+Vocabulary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oasis-open.org%2Flegaldocml%2Fakn-core%2Fv1.0%2Fos%2Fpart1-vocabulary%2Fakn-core-v1.0-os-part1-vocabulary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkoma+Ntoso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/akn-core-v1.0-part2-specs.html">"Akoma Ntoso Version 1.0. Part 2: Specifications"</a>. <i>docs.oasis-open.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fragdenstaat.de&rft.atitle=Standard+LegalDocML.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffragdenstaat.de%2Fanfrage%2Fstandard-legaldocmlde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkoma+Ntoso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlattLangnerLeps2022" class="citation book cs1">Flatt, Amelie; Langner, Arne; Leps, Olof (2022). <i>Model-Driven Development of Akoma Ntoso Application Profiles - A Conceptual Framework for Model-Based Generation of XML Subschemas</i> (1st ed.). Heidelberg: Sprinter Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-14131-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-14131-7"><bdi>978-3-031-14131-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Model-Driven+Development+of+Akoma+Ntoso+Application+Profiles+-+A+Conceptual+Framework+for+Model-Based+Generation+of+XML+Subschemas&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Sprinter+Nature&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-3-031-14131-7&rft.aulast=Flatt&rft.aufirst=Amelie&rft.au=Langner%2C+Arne&rft.au=Leps%2C+Olof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkoma+Ntoso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlattLangnerLeps2022" class="citation book cs1">Flatt, Amelie; Langner, Arne; Leps, Olof (2022). <i>Model-Driven Development of Akoma Ntoso Application Profiles - A Conceptual Framework for Model-Based Generation of XML Subschemas</i> (1st ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unsceb-hlcm.github.io&rft.atitle=Akoma+Ntoso+Guidelines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funsceb-hlcm.github.io%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkoma+Ntoso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719093135/https://www.oasis-open.org/news/announcements/akoma-ntoso-version-1-0-becomes-an-oasis-standard">"Akoma Ntoso Version 1.0 becomes an OASIS Standard | OASIS"</a>. <i>www.oasis-open.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oasis-open.org/news/announcements/akoma-ntoso-version-1-0-becomes-an-oasis-standard">the original</a> on 19 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oasis-open.org&rft.atitle=Akoma+Ntoso+Version+1.0+becomes+an+OASIS+Standard+%7C+OASIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oasis-open.org%2Fnews%2Fannouncements%2Fakoma-ntoso-version-1-0-becomes-an-oasis-standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkoma+Ntoso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=legaldocml">Official site of the OASIS LegalDocumentML technical committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/fr/web/eu-vocabularies/akn4eu">Akoma Ntoso for European Union (AKN4EU)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unsceb-hlcm.github.io/">AKN for the United Nations System - Guidelines for the mark-up of UN normative, parliamentary and judicial documents (AKN4UN)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308150550/http://www.akomantoso.org/">https://web.archive.org/web/20170308150550/http://www.akomantoso.org/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-nc/v1.0/akn-nc-v1.0.html">http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-nc/v1.0/akn-nc-v1.0.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://code.google.com/p/akomantoso/">http://code.google.com/p/akomantoso/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slaw.ca/2015/05/11/public-review-of-legaldocmls-akoma-ntoso-v1-0/">slaw.ca/2015/05/11 Akoma Ntoso v1.0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://akoma-ntoso-markup.challengepost.com/">akoma-ntoso-markup.challengepost.com</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislative-data-mapping.challengepost.com/submissions/19630-akoma-ntoso-converter">legislative-data-mapping</a> (Akoma Ntoso converter)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.opencode.de/bmi/e-gesetzgebung/ldml_de/-/tree/main/Spezifikation?ref_type=heads">Specification, schema and artifacts of the German Application Profile LegalDocML.de</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&oldid=1238037329">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akoma_Ntoso&oldid=1238037329</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Argument_technology" title="Category:Argument technology">Argument technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Markup_languages" title="Category:Markup languages">Markup languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Open_standards" title="Category:Open standards">Open standards</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2021">Use dmy dates from January 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 August 2024, at 19:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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