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China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, who served as a <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Yizong of Tang">Emperor Yizong</a>. (833-873) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Shenquan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known when Du Shenquan was born. He was a sixth-generation descendant of the early <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Du_Ruhui" title="Du Ruhui">Du Ruhui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBT96_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBT96-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandfather Du Zuo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杜佐</span></span>) served as a judge at the supreme court. His uncle <a href="/wiki/Du_Yuanying" title="Du Yuanying">Du Yuanying</a> served as a chancellor during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Muzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Muzong of Tang">Emperor Muzong</a>, while his father Du Yuanjiang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杜元絳</span></span>) served as an advisor for a <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Du Shenquan and his younger brother Du Wei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杜蔚</span></span>) passed the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">imperial examinations</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshi (title)">Jinshi</a></i> class.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> He thereafter served as an assistant to the governor of Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>), and, after subsequently passing a special imperial examination for those who made good rulings, remained at the capital <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> to serve as <i>You Shiyi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">右拾遺</span></span>), a low-level advisory official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, <i>Zhongshu Sheng</i>). He was later promoted to <i>Zuo Bujue</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">左補闕</span></span>), an advisory official at the examination bureau (門下省, <i>Menxia Sheng</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Emperor_Xuānzong's_reign"><span id="During_Emperor_Xu.C4.81nzong.27s_reign"></span>During Emperor Xuānzong's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Shenquan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: During Emperor Xuānzong's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in the <i>Dazhong</i> era (847-860) of Emperor Muzong's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xu%C4%81nzong_of_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xuānzong of Tang">Emperor Xuānzong</a>, Du Shenquan was made <i>Sixun Yuanwailang</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">司勛員外郎</span></span>), a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, <i>Lìbu</i>), and then was promoted to supervisor (郎中, <i>Langzhong</i>). He was later put in charge of drafting edicts, and later made <i>Zhongshu Sheren</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中書舍人</span></span>), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. In 856, he was put in charge of determining the passage for imperial examinees at the ministry of rites (禮部, <i>Lǐbu</i>, note different tone), and in 857, he selected some 30 of them; it was said that many of them became prominent officials later. He was thereafter made the deputy minister of rites (禮部侍郎, <i>Libu Shilang</i>). That winter, he was sent out of Chang'an to serve as the governor (觀察使, <i>Guanchashi</i>) of Shanguo Circuit (陝虢, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 859, he was recalled to serve as the deputy minister of census (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">戶部侍郎</span></span>), in charge of taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-BT18-2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT18-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Emperor_Yizong's_reign"><span id="During_Emperor_Yizong.27s_reign"></span>During Emperor Yizong's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Shenquan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During Emperor Yizong's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emperor Xuānzong died later in 859 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Yizong of Tang">Emperor Yizong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT18-2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT18-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, Du Shenquan was made the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">Jiedushi</a></i>) of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng,_Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng, Shanxi">Yuncheng, Shanxi</a>) as well as the mayor of its capital Hezhong Municipality, but almost immediately thereafter recalled to serve as the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, <i>Bingbu Shilang</i>) and the director of finances, and then made a chancellor <i>de facto</i> with the designation <i>Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">同中書門下平章事</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because, during the time he served as chancellor, the more senior official <a href="/wiki/Du_Cong" title="Du Cong">Du Cong</a> also served as chancellor, Du Shenquan became known colloquially as "Little Duke Du."<sup id="cite_ref-NBT96_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBT96-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Du Shenquan served as chancellor until 863, when he was sent to Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) to serve as its military governor, continuing to carry the <i>Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi</i> title as an honorary chancellor title.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the subsequent 868-869 rebellion by the officer <a href="/wiki/Pang_Xun" title="Pang Xun">Pang Xun</a>, who seized Xusi Circuit (徐泗, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) and attacked nearby circuits, Du, along with fellow military governors <a href="/wiki/Linghu_Tao" title="Linghu Tao">Linghu Tao</a> (of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>)) and <a href="/wiki/Cui_Xuan" title="Cui Xuan">Cui Xuan</a> (of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xiangfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfan">Xiangfan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>)) ensured that the supply route for Chang'an and the eastern capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> was continued to be open despite the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also sent troops under his officer Zhai Xingyue (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">翟行約</span></span>) to try to lift the siege that Pang's followers Wu Jiong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">吳迥</span></span>) and Liu Ji (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">劉佶</span></span>) put Si Prefecture (泗州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) under, although Zhai and his soldiers were subsequently annihilated by the rebels. When Xin Dang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">辛讜</span></span>), a friend of Si's prefect Du Tao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杜慆</span></span>), subsequently fought his way out of the siege to seek aid from Linghu and Du Shenquan, Du sent another officer, Zhao Yi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">趙翼</span></span>), with 2,000 soldiers and a supply of rice and salt, to join forces with Linghu to try to again lift the siege. Xin, along with the Huai'nan and Zhenhai soldiers, were able to fight their way back into the siege to assist its defense, and subsequently, Ma Ju (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馬舉</span></span>), who had by that point succeeded Linghu as the military governor of Huai'nan, was able to defeat the rebels and lift the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ251_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ251-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Pang was defeated and killed, for his contributions, Du Shenquan was given the honorary title of acting <i>Sikong</i> (司空, one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Excellencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Excellencies">Three Excellencies</a>), and subsequently recalled to Chang'an to serve as <i>Zuo Pushe</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">左僕射</span></span>), one of the heads of the executive bureau (尚書省, <i>Shangshu Sheng</i>). He was also created the Duke of Xiangyang.<sup id="cite_ref-NBT96_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBT96-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 870, he was again sent to Hezhong Circuit to serve as its military governor, as well as the mayor of Hezhong. He served there for a few years before he was transferred to Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>). Yet later, he was made a senior advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his office at Luoyang.<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known when he died,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is known that after he died, he was given posthumous honors, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a> of <i>De</i> (德, "virtuous"). His son <a href="/wiki/Du_Rangneng" title="Du Rangneng">Du Rangneng</a> later served as a chancellor under Emperor Yizong's sons <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xizong of Tang">Emperor Xizong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Emperor Zhaozong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT177_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Shenquan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BT177-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT177_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7177" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷177">vol. 177</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBT96-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBT96_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBT96_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBT96_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7096" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷096">vol. 96</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Du Shenquan's biographies in the <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i> indicated that he was a direct descendant of Du Ruhui's. However, the table of the chancellors' family trees in the <i>New Book of Tang</i> indicated that Du Shenquan was descended from Du Ruhui's cousin Du Jingtong (杜敬同), whose father <a href="/wiki/Du_Yan" title="Du Yan">Du Yan</a> also briefly served as chancellor. See <i>New Book of Tang</i>, vol. 72.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120085821/http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/072.htm">"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十二‧表第十二"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/072.htm">the original</a> on 2008-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%A2%E5%B7%9D%E8%8D%89%E5%BB%AC-%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B2-%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E2%80%A7%E8%A1%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyluo.net%2Fa%2Fa17%2F072.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADu+Shenquan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620180552/http://sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form46.htm">"新唐書-宰相世系二(杜氏)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form46.htm">the original</a> on 2010-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8-%E5%AE%B0%E7%9B%B8%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E4%BA%8C%28%E6%9D%9C%E6%B0%8F%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyluo.net%2Fa%2Fa17%2Ftable%2Fform46.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADu+Shenquan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BT18-2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BT18-2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT18-2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Old Book of Tang</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B718%E4%B8%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷18下">vol. 18, part 2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Old Book of Tang</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B719%E4%B8%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷19上">vol. 19, part 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7250" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷250">vol. 250</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ251-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ251_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7251" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷251">vol. 251</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, as there was no crown prince at the time, the post was entirely honorary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, it is known that Du Shenquan's son <a href="/wiki/Du_Rangneng" title="Du Rangneng">Du Rangneng</a> was created the Duke of Xiangyang in or shortly after 886, implying that Du Shenquan was no longer alive by that point.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7177" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷177">vol. 177</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7096" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷096">vol. 96</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7249" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷249">249</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7250" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷250">250</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7251" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷251">251</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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