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class="vector-toc-link" href="#1755_to_1820"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>1755 to 1820</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1755_to_1820-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1820s_to_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1820s_to_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>1820s to Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1820s_to_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ardnacrusha_and_passenger_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ardnacrusha_and_passenger_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ardnacrusha and passenger use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ardnacrusha_and_passenger_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Canals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Etymology and folklore</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etymology_and_folklore-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Etymology and folklore subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sionnann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sionnann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sionnann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sionnann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Creatures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora and fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shannon_eel_management_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shannon_eel_management_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Shannon eel management programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shannon_eel_management_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Fishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_extraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_extraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Water extraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_extraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">River Shannon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scene" title="Scene – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Scene" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="شانون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Shannon" title="Ríu Shannon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Shannon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eannon_(%C3%A7ay)" title="Şannon (çay) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şannon (çay)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شانون چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شانون چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шанан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шанан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шанън (река) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанън (река)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSionainn" title="An tSionainn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="An tSionainn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Shannon" title="Riu Shannon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riu Shannon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Шаннон (юханшыв) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шаннон (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Shannon_(suba_sa_Irland)" title="River Shannon (suba sa Irland) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="River Shannon (suba sa Irland)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(%C5%99eka)" title="Shannon (řeka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shannon (řeka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Shannon" title="Afon Shannon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Shannon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(flod)" title="Shannon (flod) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shannon (flod)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(Fluss)" title="Shannon (Fluss) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shannon (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannoni_j%C3%B5gi" title="Shannoni jõgi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shannoni jõgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Shannon" title="Río Shannon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Shannon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Canono" title="Ŝanono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝanono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_ibaia" title="Shannon ibaia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shannon ibaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="رود شانون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رود شانون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(fleuve)" title="Shannon (fleuve) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shannon (fleuve)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rivier)" title="Shannon (rivier) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Shannon (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSionainn" title="An tSionainn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSionainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hannon" title="Yn Çhannon – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhannon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Sionainn" title="Río Sionainn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Sionainn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%80%EB%84%8C%EA%B0%95" title="섀넌강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섀넌강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Շանոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rijeka)" title="Shannon (rijeka) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shannon (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Shannon" title="Sungai Shannon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Shannon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(flj%C3%B3t)" title="Shannon (fljót) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shannon (fljót)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(fiume)" title="Shannon (fiume) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shannon (fiume)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8)" title="שאנון (נהר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאנון (נהר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(ruf)" title="Shannon (ruf) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Shannon (ruf)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senus" title="Senus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Senus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0enona" title="Šenona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šenona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anonas" title="Šanonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šanonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionainn" title="Sionainn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sionainn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(foly%C3%B3)" title="Shannon (folyó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Shannon (folyó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шанон (река) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шанон (река)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3)" title="შანონი (წყარმალუ) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შანონი (წყარმალუ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نهر شانون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر شانون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rivier)" title="Shannon (rivier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shannon (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9D" title="シャノン川 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャノン川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon" title="Shannon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shannon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannonelva" title="Shannonelva – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shannonelva" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(daryo)" title="Shannon (daryo) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shannon (daryo)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rzeka)" title="Shannon (rzeka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shannon (rzeka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Shannon" title="Rio Shannon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Shannon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Shannon" title="Râul Shannon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Râul Shannon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon" title="Shannon – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shannon" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шаннон (река) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаннон (река)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="River Shannon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rieka)" title="Shannon (rieka) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Shannon (rieka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(reka)" title="Shannon (reka) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Shannon (reka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шенон (река) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шенон (река)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(rijeka)" title="Shannon (rijeka) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shannon (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon" title="Shannon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shannon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_(flod)" title="Shannon (flod) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shannon (flod)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Nehri" title="Shannon Nehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shannon Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шеннон (річка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шеннон (річка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86" title="دریائے شینن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے شینن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E6%B2%B3" title="香农河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="香农河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E6%B2%B3" title="香农河 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香农河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Shannon" title="Sungai Shannon – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sungai Shannon" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192820#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Shannon&params=52.657_N_8.66_W_type:river"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°39′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.657°N 8.66°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.657; -8.66</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Longest river in the British Isles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">River Shannon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg/240px-River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg/360px-River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg/480px-River_Shannon_from_Drumsna_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">River Shannon from <a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna</a> bridge, County Leitrim</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Shannon_watershed.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/River_Shannon_watershed.png/250px-River_Shannon_watershed.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/River_Shannon_watershed.png/375px-River_Shannon_watershed.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/River_Shannon_watershed.png/500px-River_Shannon_watershed.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="840" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">River Shannon watershed (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/A56884.html">Interactive map</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-overlays="["_e9efc7098f382b956311d46155c5bfb8ad832f3b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=River_Shannon&revid=1280709704&groups=_e9efc7098f382b956311d46155c5bfb8ad832f3b" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=River_Shannon&revid=1280709704&groups=_e9efc7098f382b956311d46155c5bfb8ad832f3b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Abhainn na Sionainne</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Counties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">Cavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">Leitrim</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Longford" title="County Longford">Longford</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">Roscommon</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Westmeath" title="County Westmeath">Westmeath</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">Offaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Pot" title="Shannon Pot">Shannon Pot</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glangevlin" title="Glangevlin">Glangevlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuilcagh_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuilcagh Mountain">Cuilcagh Mountain</a>, County Cavan</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Shannon&params=54.235_N_7.92_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°14′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°55′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.235°N 7.92°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.235; -7.92</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">100</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Shannon&params=52.657_N_8.66_W_type:river"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°39′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.657°N 8.66°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.657; -8.66</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">360 kilometres (220 mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">300 cubic metres per second (11,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>River Shannon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">an tSionainn, Abhainn na Sionainne</i> or archaic <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">an tSionna</i></span><i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>) is the major river on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and at 360 km (224 miles) in length,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the longest <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">river</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BI1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BI2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It drains the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_River_Basin" title="Shannon River Basin">Shannon River Basin</a>, which has an area of 16,900 km<sup>2</sup> (6,525 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – approximately one fifth of the area of Ireland. </p><p>Known as an important <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a> since antiquity, the Shannon first appeared in maps by the Graeco-Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 100 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 170 AD). The river flows generally southwards from the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Pot" title="Shannon Pot">Shannon Pot</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a> before turning west and emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> through the 102.1 km (63.4 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick city stands at the point where the river water meets the <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">sea water</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>. The Shannon is tidal east of Limerick as far as the base of the <a href="/wiki/Ardnacrusha_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardnacrusha power plant">Ardnacrusha dam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shannon divides the west of Ireland (principally the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a>) from the east and south (<a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>, being west of the Shannon but part of the province of Munster, is the major exception.) The river represents a major physical barrier between east and west, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Shannon" title="List of crossings of the Shannon">fewer than thirty-five</a> crossing points between the village of <a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> city in the south. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course">Course</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By tradition the Shannon is said to rise in the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Pot" title="Shannon Pot">Shannon Pot</a>, a small pool in the townland of <a href="/wiki/Derrylahan" title="Derrylahan">Derrylahan</a> on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Cuilcagh" title="Cuilcagh">Cuilcagh Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, from where the young river appears as a small trout stream. Surveys have defined a 12.8 km<sup>2</sup> (4.9 sq mi) immediate pot catchment area covering the slopes of Cuilcagh. This area includes Garvah Lough, Cavan, 2.2 km (1.4 mi) to the northeast, drained by <i>Pollnaowen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further sinks that source the pot include Pollboy and, through <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Cave" title="Shannon Cave">Shannon Cave</a>, Pollahune in Cavan and Polltullyard and Tullynakeeragh in <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">County Fermanagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. The highest point in the catchment is a spring at Tiltinbane on the western end of the Cuilcagh mountain ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-SBW_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the Shannon Pot, the river subsumes a number of tributaries before replenishing <a href="/wiki/Lough_Allen" title="Lough Allen">Lough Allen</a> at its head.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river runs through or between 11 of Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">counties</a>, subsuming the tributary rivers <a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Westmeath" class="mw-redirect" title="River Inny, Westmeath">Inny</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">Suck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulkear_River" title="Mulkear River">Mulkear</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Brosna" title="River Brosna">Brosna</a>, among others, before reaching the Shannon Estuary at <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shannon_Pot_(474383119).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg/220px-Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg/330px-Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg/440px-Shannon_Pot_%28474383119%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Pot" title="Shannon Pot">Shannon Pot</a>, the traditional source of the river</figcaption></figure> <p>Many different values have been given for the length of the Shannon. A traditional value is 390 km (240 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An official Irish source gives a total length of 360.5 km (224.0 mi) (being 258.1 km [160.4 mi] fresh and 102.1 km [63.4 mi] tidal).<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Irish guides now give 344 km (214 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Discover_Ireland_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discover_Ireland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some academic sources give 280 km (170 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-Environmental_Geology_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environmental_Geology-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although most will refuse to give a number. The reason is that there is no particular end to a river that empties into an estuary. The 344 km length relates to the distance between Shannon Pot and a line between <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Head" title="Kerry Head">Kerry Head</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loop_Head" title="Loop Head">Loop Head</a>, the furthest reaches of the land. (It also assumes the current shipping route via Ardnacrusha, which takes 7 km (4.3 mi) off the distance.) The 280 km distance finishes where the Shannon estuary joins the estuary of the <a href="/wiki/River_Fergus" title="River Fergus">River Fergus</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a>. Longer claimed lengths emerged before the use of modern surveying instruments. </p><p>At a total length of 360.5 km (224 miles), it is the longest river in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Discover_Ireland_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discover_Ireland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That the Shannon is the longest river in the British Isles was evidently known in the 12th century, although a map of the time showed this river as flowing out of the south of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-BI1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are some tributaries within the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_River_Basin" title="Shannon River Basin">Shannon River Basin</a> which have headwaters that are further in length (from source to mouth) than the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Pot" title="Shannon Pot">Shannon Pot</a> source's length of 360.5 km (224 miles), such as the <a href="/wiki/Owenmore_River_(County_Cavan)" title="Owenmore River (County Cavan)">Owenmore River</a>, total length 372 km (231 mi) in County Cavan<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle River</a>, total length 392.1 km (243.6 mi) with its source in <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">County Mayo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg/220px-Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg/330px-Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/Upper_Shannon_catchment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Upper Shannon catchment (with Shannon source, Owenmore River and Boyle River Basin)</figcaption></figure> <p>The River Shannon is a traditional freshwater river for about 45% of its total length. Excluding the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>102 km (<span class="frac">63<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mi) tidal estuary from its total length of 360 km (224 mi), if one also excludes the lakes (<a href="/wiki/Lough_Derg_(Shannon)" title="Lough Derg (Shannon)">L. Derg</a> 39 km (24 mi), <a href="/wiki/Lough_Ree" title="Lough Ree">L. Ree</a> 29 km (18 mi), <a href="/wiki/Lough_Allen" title="Lough Allen">L. Allen</a> 11 km (7 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus <a href="/wiki/Lough_Boderg" title="Lough Boderg">L. Boderg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lough_Bofin_(River_Shannon)" title="Lough Bofin (River Shannon)">L. Bofin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lough_Forbes" title="Lough Forbes">L. Forbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lough_Corry" title="Lough Corry">L. Corry</a>) from the Shannon's freshwater flow of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />258 km (<span class="frac">160<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mi), the Shannon, as a freshwater river, is only about 161 km (100 mi) long. </p><p>Apart from being Ireland's longest river, the Shannon is also, by far, Ireland's largest river by <a href="/wiki/Streamflow" title="Streamflow">flow</a>. It has a long-term average flow rate of 208.1 m<sup>3</sup>/s (7,350 cu ft/s) (at <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>). This is double the flow rate of Ireland's second highest-volume river, the short <a href="/wiki/River_Corrib" title="River Corrib">River Corrib</a> (104.8 m<sup>3</sup>/s [3,700 cu ft/s].<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the discharges from all of the rivers and streams into the Shannon Estuary (including the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Feale" title="River Feale">Feale</a> 34.6 m<sup>3</sup>/s [1,220 cu ft/s], <a href="/wiki/River_Maigue" title="River Maigue">Maigue</a> 15.6 m<sup>3</sup>/s [550 cu ft/s], <a href="/wiki/River_Fergus" title="River Fergus">Fergus</a> 25.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s [910 cu ft/s], and <a href="/wiki/River_Deel" title="River Deel">Deel</a> 7.4 m<sup>3</sup>/s [260 cu ft/s])<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are added to the discharge at Limerick, the total discharge of the River Shannon at its mouth at Loop Head reaches 300 m<sup>3</sup>/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Indeed, the Shannon is a major river by the time it leaves <a href="/wiki/Lough_Ree" title="Lough Ree">Lough Ree</a> with an average flow rate (at <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a> weir) of 98 m<sup>3</sup>/s (3,500 cu ft/s),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> larger than any of the other Irish rivers' total flow (apart from the <a href="/wiki/River_Corrib" title="River Corrib">River Corrib</a> at <a href="/wiki/Galway_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Galway City">Galway</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distributaries">Distributaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main flow of the river is affected by some <a href="/wiki/Distributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributaries">distributaries</a> along its course, many of which rejoin it downstream. The <a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey River</a> flows around the northeastern, eastern, and southern shores of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Island,_Limerick" title="King's Island, Limerick">King's Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> before rejoining the Shannon at <i>Hellsgate Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Callows" title="Shannon Callows">Shannon Callows</a>, areas of lowland along the river, are classified as a <a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements">Settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Settlements along the river (going upriver) include <a href="/wiki/Kilrush" title="Kilrush">Kilrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarbert,_Kerry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarbert, Kerry">Tarbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glin,_County_Limerick" title="Glin, County Limerick">Glin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foynes" title="Foynes">Foynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Askeaton" title="Askeaton">Askeaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon,_County_Clare" title="Shannon, County Clare">Shannon Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%27Briensbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Briensbridge">O'Briensbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_County_Limerick" title="Montpelier, County Limerick">Montpelier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killaloe,_County_Clare" title="Killaloe, County Clare">Killaloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballina,_County_Tipperary" title="Ballina, County Tipperary">Ballina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portumna" title="Portumna">Portumna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banagher" title="Banagher">Banagher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanesborough%E2%80%93Ballyleague" title="Lanesborough–Ballyleague">Lanesborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick-on-Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leitrim,_County_Leitrim" title="Leitrim, County Leitrim">Leitrim village</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_aspects">Historical aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg/220px-Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg/330px-Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg/440px-Clonmacnoise_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585622.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>River Shannon at <a href="/wiki/Clonmacnoise" title="Clonmacnoise">Clonmacnoise</a>, County Offaly</figcaption></figure><p>The river began flowing along its present course after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i> (2nd century AD) described a river called Σηνος (<i>Sēnos</i>) from PIE *<i>sai</i>-/<i>sei</i>- 'to bind', the root of English <i>sinew</i> and Irish <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sin#Irish" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sin"><i>sin</i></a> ‘<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collar" class="extiw" title="wikt:collar">collar</a>’, referring to the long and sinuous <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> leading up to Limerick.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> settled in the region in the 10th century and used the river to raid the rich monasteries deep inland. In 937 the Limerick Vikings clashed with those of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> on Lough Ree and were defeated. </p><p>In the 17th century, the Shannon was of major strategic importance in military campaigns in Ireland, as it formed a physical boundary between the east and west of the country. In the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Irish Confederate Wars</a> of 1641–53, the Irish retreated behind the Shannon in 1650 and held out for two further years against <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">English Parliamentarian</a> forces. In preparing a <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">land settlement</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland" title="Plantations of Ireland">plantation</a> after his <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">conquest of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> reputedly said the remaining Irish landowners would go to "Hell or Connacht", referring to their choice of <a href="/wiki/Forced_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced migration">forced migration</a> west across the river Shannon, or death, thus freeing up the eastern landholdings for the incoming English settlers. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War in Ireland</a> (1689–91), the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a> also retreated behind the Shannon after their defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Battle of the Boyne</a> in 1690. <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a> and Limerick, cities commanding bridges over the river, saw bloody sieges. (See <a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Limerick_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sieges of Limerick (disambiguation)">Sieges of Limerick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Athlone" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Athlone">Siege of Athlone</a>.) </p><p>As late as 1916, the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> planned to have their forces in the west "hold the line of the Shannon". However, in the event, the rebels were neither well enough armed nor equipped to attempt such an ambitious policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigation">Navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShannonRiversml.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ShannonRiversml.png/220px-ShannonRiversml.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ShannonRiversml.png/330px-ShannonRiversml.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/ShannonRiversml.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>Course of River Shannon</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1755_to_1820">1755 to 1820</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1755 to 1820"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the Shannon has always been important for navigation in Ireland, there is a fall of only 18 m (59 ft) in its first 250 km (160 mi). Consequently, it has always been shallow, with 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) depths in various places. The first serious attempt to improve navigability came in 1755 when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissioners_of_Inland_Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissioners of Inland Navigation (page does not exist)">Commissioners of Inland Navigation</a> ordered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Omer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Omer (page does not exist)">Thomas Omer</a>, a new immigrant from England, possibly of Dutch origin, to commence work.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked at four places between <a href="/wiki/Lough_Derg_(Shannon)" title="Lough Derg (Shannon)">Lough Derg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lough_Ree" title="Lough Ree">Lough Ree</a> where natural navigation was obstructed, by installing lateral canals and either <a href="/wiki/Pound_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound lock">pound locks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flash_lock" title="Flash lock">flash locks</a>. He then continued north of Lough Ree and made several similar improvements, most notably by creating the first <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Canal" title="Jamestown Canal">Jamestown Canal</a> which cut out a loop of the river between <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna</a>, as well as lateral canals at <a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanesborough,_Longford" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanesborough, Longford">Lanesborough</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lower Shannon between <a href="/wiki/Killaloe,_County_Clare" title="Killaloe, County Clare">Killaloe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> had a topography quite different from the long upper reaches. Here the river falls by 30 m (98 ft) in only 20 km (12 mi). William Ockenden, also from England, was placed in charge of works on this stretch in 1757 and spent £12,000 over the next four years, without fully completing the task. In 1771 parliament handed over responsibility to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick_Navigation_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limerick Navigation Company (page does not exist)">Limerick Navigation Company</a>, with a grant of £6,000 to add to their subscriptions of £10,000. A lateral canal, 8 km (5 mi) long with six locks, was started but the company needed more funds to complete it. In 1791, <a href="/wiki/William_Chapman_(engineer)" title="William Chapman (engineer)">William Chapman</a> was brought in to advise and discovered a sorry state of affairs – all the locks had been built to different dimensions and he spent the next three years supervising the rebuilding of most of them. The navigation was finally opened in 1799, when over 1,000 long tons (1,000 tonnes) of corn came down to Limerick, as well as <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">turf</a>. But even then, there were no <a href="/wiki/Tow_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Tow path">tow paths</a> in the river sections and there were still shoals in the summer months, as well as a lack of harbour facilities at Limerick, and boats were limited to 15–20 long tons (15–20 tonnes) load, often less.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With the approaching opening of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a>, the Grand Canal Company obtained permission from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Directors_General_of_Inland_Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directors General of Inland Navigation (page does not exist)">Directors General of Inland Navigation</a>, and asked <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brownrigg_(surveyor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brownrigg (surveyor) (page does not exist)">John Brownrigg</a> to do a survey which found that much of Omer's work had deteriorated badly, so they started repairs. After protracted negotiations on costs and conditions, the work was completed by 1810, so that boats drawing 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) could pass from <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a> to <a href="/wiki/Killaloe,_County_Clare" title="Killaloe, County Clare">Killaloe</a>. Improvements on the lower levels were also undertaken, being completed by 1814.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> was completed in 1817 there was pressure to improve the navigation above Lough Ree. The Jamestown Canal was repaired, harbours built and <a href="/wiki/John_Killaly" title="John Killaly">John Killaly</a> designed a canal alongside the river from <a href="/wiki/Battlebridge,_County_Roscommon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battlebridge, County Roscommon">Battlebridge</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lough_Allen" title="Lough Allen">Lough Allen</a>, which was opened in 1820.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1820s_to_Independence">1820s to Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1820s to Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/River_Shannon" title="Special:EditPage/River Shannon">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG/220px-Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG/330px-Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG/440px-Boats_on_shannon_rally.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>2012 Shannon Boat Rally</figcaption></figure> <p>In the latter part of the 1820s, trade increased dramatically with the arrival of paddle-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamers</a> on the river which carried passengers and goods. By 1831 14,600 passengers and 36,000 long tons (37,000 tonnes) of freight were being carried. This put new pressure on the navigation and a commission was set up resulting in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shannon_Navigation_Improvement_Act_1835&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shannon Navigation Improvement Act 1835 (page does not exist)">Shannon Navigation Improvement Act 1835</a> (<a href="/wiki/5_%26_6_Will._4" class="mw-redirect" title="5 & 6 Will. 4">5 & 6 Will. 4</a>. c. 67) appointing five commissioners for the improvement of navigation and drainage who took possession of the whole navigation. Over the next 15 years, many improvements were made but in 1849 a railway was opened from Dublin to Limerick and the number of passengers fell dramatically. Freight, which had risen to over 100,000 long tons (100,000 tonnes) per year, was also halved. </p><p>But the work the commissioners carried out failed to solve the problems of flooding and there were disastrous floods in the early 1860s. Given the flat nature of most of the riverbank, this was not easily addressed and nothing much was done till the twentieth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ardnacrusha_and_passenger_use">Ardnacrusha and passenger use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ardnacrusha and passenger use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/River_Shannon" title="Special:EditPage/River Shannon">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg/250px-Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg/330px-Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg/500px-Shannon_at_Limerick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>River Shannon at <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, where it flows into the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the first projects of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> in the 1920s was the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_hydroelectric_scheme" title="Shannon hydroelectric scheme">Shannon hydroelectric scheme</a> which established the Ardnacrusha <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power station</a> on the lower Shannon above Limerick. The old Killaloe to Limerick canal with its five locks was abandoned and the head race constructed from Lough Derg also served for navigation. A double lock was provided at the dam. </p><p>In the 1950s traffic began to fall and low fixed bridges would have replaced opening bridges but for the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Waterways_Association_of_Ireland" title="Inland Waterways Association of Ireland">Inland Waterways Association of Ireland</a> which persuaded the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a> to encourage passenger launches, which kept the bridges high enough for navigation. Since then the leisure trade has steadily increased, becoming a great success story. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canals">Canals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Canals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are also many <a href="/wiki/Canals_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Canals of Ireland">canals</a> connecting with the River Shannon. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> connect the Shannon to Dublin and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>. It is linked to the <a href="/wiki/River_Erne" title="River Erne">River Erne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lough_Erne" title="Lough Erne">Lough Erne</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Erne_Waterway" title="Shannon–Erne Waterway">Shannon–Erne Waterway</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ballinasloe" title="Ballinasloe">Ballinasloe</a> is linked to the Shannon via the <a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">River Suck</a> and canal, while <a href="/wiki/Boyle,_County_Roscommon" title="Boyle, County Roscommon">Boyle</a> is connected via the Boyle canal, the <a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">river Boyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lough_Key" title="Lough Key">Lough Key</a>. There is also the Ardnacrusha canal connected with the Ardnacrusha dam south of Lough Derg. Near Limerick, a short canal connects <a href="/wiki/Plassey,_County_Limerick" title="Plassey, County Limerick">Plassey</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey River</a>, allowing boats to bypass the Curraghower Falls, a major obstacle to navigation. <a href="/wiki/Lecarrow" title="Lecarrow">Lecarrow</a> village in <a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">County Roscommon</a> is connected to Lough Ree via the Lecarrow canal. <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Canal" title="Jamestown Canal">Jamestown Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lock" title="Albert Lock">Albert Lock</a> form a link between the River Shannon, from south of <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown</a>, to Lough Nanoge to the south of <a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_folklore">Etymology and folklore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Etymology and folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sionnann">Sionnann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sionnann"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myths_and_legends;_the_Celtic_race_(1910)_(14760458156).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg/170px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg/255px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg/340px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760458156%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2846" /></a><figcaption>An illustration, titled "Sinend and Connla's Well", from <i>Myths and Legends; the Celtic Race</i> (1910) by <a href="/wiki/T._W._Rolleston" title="T. W. Rolleston">T. W. Rolleston</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>, the river was named after a woman (in many sources a member of the <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_de_Danaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuatha de Danaan">Tuatha de Danaan</a>) named Sionann (older spelling forms: Sínann or Sínand), the granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán mac Lir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She went to <a href="/wiki/Connla%27s_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Connla's Well">Connla's Well</a> to find wisdom, despite having been warned not to approach it. In some sources she, like <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn mac Cumhaill</a>, caught and ate the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_of_Knowledge" title="Salmon of Knowledge">Salmon of Wisdom</a> who swam there, becoming the wisest being on Earth, in others, she merely drank from the well. At any rate, the waters of the well are said to have burst forth, drowning Sionann, and carrying her out to sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, a similar tale is told of <a href="/wiki/Boann" title="Boann">Boann</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Boyne" title="River Boyne">River Boyne</a>. It is said that Sionann thus became the goddess of the river. Patricia Monaghan notes that "The drowning of a goddess in a river is common in Irish mythology and typically represents the dissolving of her divine power into the water, which then gives life to the land".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small myth about Sionann tells that the legendary hunter-warrior <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn mac Cumhaill</a> was attacked by a number of other warriors at Ballyleague, near north Lough Ree. It is said that when Fionn was near to defeat, Sionnan rescued him, and he arrived with the Stone of Sionann, threw the stone, and the warriors were immediately killed. It further says that Fionn was afraid of the power of the stone and threw it into the river, where it remains at a low <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a>, and that if a woman named Be Thuinne finds it, then the world's end is near.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creatures">Creatures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Creatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shannon reputedly hosts a river monster named Cata, the first known mention being in the medieval <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lismore" title="Book of Lismore">Book of Lismore</a>. In this manuscript, we are told that <a href="/wiki/Sen%C3%A1n_mac_Geirrcinn" title="Senán mac Geirrcinn">Senán</a>, patron saint of <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>, defeated the monster at <a href="/wiki/Inis_Cathaigh" title="Inis Cathaigh">Inis Cathaigh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cata is described as a large creature with a horse's mane, gleaming eyes, thick feet, nails of iron, and a whale's tail.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another story has an <a href="/wiki/Oilliph%C3%A9ist" title="Oilliphéist">oilliphéist</a> flee its home in the Shannon, upon hearing that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> has arrived to remove its kind from Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shannonbridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shannonbridge.jpg/220px-Shannonbridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shannonbridge.jpg/330px-Shannonbridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shannonbridge.jpg/440px-Shannonbridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shannonbridge" title="Shannonbridge">Shannonbridge</a>, County Offaly</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite being 360.5 km (224.0 mi) long, it rises only 76 m (249 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>, so the river is easily navigable, with only a few locks along its length. There is a <a href="/wiki/Ardnacrusha_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardnacrusha power plant">hydroelectric generation plant</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ardnacrusha_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardnacrusha (village)">Ardnacrusha</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Electricity_Supply_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity Supply Board">ESB</a>. </p><p>Shipping in the Shannon estuary was developed extensively during the 1980s, with over <a href="/wiki/Irish_pound" title="Irish pound">IR£</a>2 billion (€2.5 billion) investment. A tanker terminal at <a href="/wiki/Foynes" title="Foynes">Foynes</a> and an oil jetty at <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a> were built. In 1982 a large-scale <a href="/wiki/Alumina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumina">alumina</a> extraction plant was built at <a href="/wiki/Aughinish,_County_Limerick" title="Aughinish, County Limerick">Aughinish</a>. 60,000-tonne cargo vessels now carry raw <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> from West African mines to the plant, where it is refined to alumina. This is then exported to Canada where it is further refined to aluminium. 1985 saw the opening of a 915 MW coal-fired electricity plant at <a href="/wiki/Moneypoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneypoint">Moneypoint</a>, fed by regular visits by 150,000-tonne bulk carriers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shannon_eel_management_programme">Shannon eel management programme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shannon eel management programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A trap and transport scheme is in force on the Shannon as part of an <a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">eel</a> management programme following the discovery of a reduced eel population. This scheme ensures safe passage for young eels between <a href="/wiki/Lough_Derg_(Shannon)" title="Lough Derg (Shannon)">Lough Derg</a> and the Shannon estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fishing">Fishing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the Shannon estuary fishing industry is now depleted, at one time it employed hundreds of men along its length. At <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, fishermen based on Clancy's Strand used the <a href="/wiki/Gandelow" title="Gandelow">Gandelow</a> to catch <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abbey Fishermen used a net and a boat type known as a Breacaun to fish between Limerick City and Plassey until 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929, the construction of a dam at <a href="/wiki/Ardnacrusha" title="Ardnacrusha">Ardnacrusha</a> severely impacted salmon breeding and that, and the introduction of quotas, had by the 1950s caused salmon fishing to cease.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, recreational fishing still goes on. Further down the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kilrush" title="Kilrush">Kilrush</a> the <a href="/wiki/Currach" title="Currach">Currach</a> was used to catch <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> as well as drift netting for salmon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_extraction">Water extraction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Water extraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athlone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Athlone.jpg/220px-Athlone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Athlone.jpg/330px-Athlone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Athlone.jpg/440px-Athlone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5666" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a>, County Westmeath</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_Council" title="Dublin City Council">Dublin City Council</a> published a plan in 2011 to supply up to 350 million litres of water a day from Lough Derg to Dublin city and region. In 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Parteen" title="Parteen">Parteen</a> Basin to the south of lough was chosen as the proposed site of extraction. Water would be pumped to a break pressure tank <a href="/wiki/Knockanacree" title="Knockanacree">Knockanacree</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cloughjordan" title="Cloughjordan">Cloughjordan</a> in County Tipperary and gravity fed from there by <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon_to_Dublin_pipeline" title="River Shannon to Dublin pipeline">pipeline</a> to Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">List of loughs of Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note <b>Poll nm1:</b> hole, pit, sink, leak, aperture (<i>The Pocket Oxford Irish Dictionary – Irish-English</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166693">"An tSionainn/River Shannon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+tSionainn%2FRiver+Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logainm.ie%2Fga%2F1166693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051622/http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-%281%29.aspx">"Primary Seniors – Mountains, Rivers & Lakes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_Ireland" title="Ordnance Survey Ireland">Ordnance Survey Ireland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-%281%29.aspx">the original</a> on 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+Seniors+%E2%80%93+Mountains%2C+Rivers+%26+Lakes&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osi.ie%2FEducation%2FPrimary-Schools%2FSeniors%2FMountains%2C-Rivers-Lakes-%25281%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BI1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BI1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeeleyBruenBullockChristie2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Feeley, Hugh B.; Bruen, Michael; Bullock, Craig; Christie, Mike; Kelly, Fiona; Kelly-Quinn, Mary (2017). <i>ESManage Project: Irish Freshwater Resources and Assessment of Ecosystem Services Provision</i>. Vol. Report No. 207. EPA. pp. Section 3.1.2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84095-699-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84095-699-3"><bdi>978-1-84095-699-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESManage+Project%3A+Irish+Freshwater+Resources+and+Assessment+of+Ecosystem+Services+Provision&rft.pages=Section+3.1.2&rft.pub=EPA&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-84095-699-3&rft.aulast=Feeley&rft.aufirst=Hugh+B.&rft.au=Bruen%2C+Michael&rft.au=Bullock%2C+Craig&rft.au=Christie%2C+Mike&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Kelly-Quinn%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BI2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDobrzynski2016" class="citation book cs1">Dobrzynski, Jan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nFAdDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6">"Introduction"</a>. <i>River Severn: From Source to Sea</i>. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781445649054" title="Special:BookSources/9781445649054"><bdi>9781445649054</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=River+Severn%3A+From+Source+to+Sea&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781445649054&rft.aulast=Dobrzynski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnFAdDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeaneel.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/chapter-2-study-area.pdf">"Chapter 2: Study Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biology and Management of European Eel (</i>Anguilla anguilla<i>, L) in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907173249/http://europeaneel.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/chapter-2-study-area.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Study+Area&rft.btitle=Biology+and+Management+of+European+Eel+%28Anguilla+anguilla%2C+L%29+in+the+Shannon+Estuary%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropeaneel.files.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F02%2Fchapter-2-study-area.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Facts-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Facts_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Facts_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osi.ie/Education/Secondary-Schools/Teacher-Resources/Facts-%281%29.aspx">"Facts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_Ireland" title="Ordnance Survey Ireland">Ordnance Survey Ireland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001931/http://www.osi.ie/Education/Secondary-Schools/Teacher-Resources/Facts-%281%29.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osi.ie%2FEducation%2FSecondary-Schools%2FTeacher-Resources%2FFacts-%25281%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053029/http://iwn.iwai.ie/v28i2/guide2.PDF">"Going through Ardnacrusha"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Inland Waterways News</i> (Summer 2001 – Volume 28 Number 2). <a href="/wiki/Inland_Waterways_Association_of_Ireland" title="Inland Waterways Association of Ireland">Inland Waterways Association of Ireland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwn.iwai.ie/v28i2/guide2.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inland+Waterways+News&rft.atitle=Going+through+Ardnacrusha&rft.issue=Summer+2001+%E2%80%93+Volume+28+Number+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwn.iwai.ie%2Fv28i2%2Fguide2.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBW-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SBW_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Elmer et al. <i>Springs and Bottled Waters of the World</i> Springer <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-61841-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-61841-4">3-540-61841-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319000141/http://www.iwai.ie/maps/shannon/guide/17.php3">"The Shannon Guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwai.ie/maps/shannon/guide/17.php3">the original</a> on 19 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shannon+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwai.ie%2Fmaps%2Fshannon%2Fguide%2F17.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Shannon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Shannon">"Shannon" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">819–</span>820, see page 819, line two. <q>...with a length of about 240 m....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shannon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E819-%3C%2Fspan%3E820%2C+see+page+819%2C+line+two&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelaney1996" class="citation book cs1">Delaney, Ruth (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwai.ie/maps/shannon/guide/1.php3"><i>Shell Guide to the River Shannon</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165644/http://www.iwai.ie/maps/shannon/guide/1.php3">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warpoliticsinire0000simm"><i>War and Politics in Ireland, 1649-1730</i></a></span>. London: Hambledon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warpoliticsinire0000simm/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0907628729" title="Special:BookSources/978-0907628729"><bdi>978-0907628729</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Shannon divides at Limerick; a branch, called the Abbey river, makes an island which was called the King's Island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Politics+in+Ireland%2C+1649-1730&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Hambledon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0907628729&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarpoliticsinire0000simm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2141679&fid=1641&c=ireland">"Abbey River, Ireland"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+ICA&rft.atitle=Ptolemy%27s+Britain+and+Ireland%3A+A+New+Digital+Reconstruction&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fica-proc-1-1-2018&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PrICA...1....1A&rft.aulast=Abshire&rft.aufirst=Corey&rft.au=Durham%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Gusev%2C+Dmitri+A.&rft.au=Stafeyev%2C+Sergey+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proc-int-cartogr-assoc.net%2F1%2F1%2F2018%2Fica-proc-1-1-2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Delaney2004" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Delaney (2004). <i>Ireland's Inland Waterways</i>. Appletree Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%27s+Inland+Waterways&rft.pub=Appletree+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Ruth+Delaney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Delaney2004" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Delaney (2004). <i>Ireland's Inland Waterways</i>. Appletree Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%27s+Inland+Waterways&rft.pub=Appletree+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Ruth+Delaney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMícheál_O_Súilleabháin" class="citation book cs1">Mícheál O Súilleabháin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404074405/http://www.catholicireland.net/books-a-media/193-moral-issues-a-values/443-global-aspirations-and-the-reality-of-change">"Listening to difference: Ireland in a world of music"</a>. In Harry Bohan and Gerard Kennedy (ed.). <i>Global aspirations and the reality of change</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicireland.net/books-a-media/193-moral-issues-a-values/443-global-aspirations-and-the-reality-of-change">the original</a> on 4 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Listening+to+difference%3A+Ireland+in+a+world+of+music&rft.btitle=Global+aspirations+and+the+reality+of+change&rft.au=M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l+O+S%C3%BAilleabh%C3%A1in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicireland.net%2Fbooks-a-media%2F193-moral-issues-a-values%2F443-global-aspirations-and-the-reality-of-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, Patricia. <i>The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore</i>. Infobase Publishing, 2004. p.420</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, p.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/folklore/folklore_survey/chapter8.htm">A Folklore Survey of County Clare: Supernatural Animals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907080705/http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/folklore/folklore_survey/chapter8.htm">Archived</a> 7 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Clarelibrary.ie. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cata The Monster of Shannon Waves : A true Story by Shane Mac Olon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649686/4647061">"The Schools' Collection, Volume 0210, Page 152"</a>. <i>Duchas.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025192426/https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649686/4647061">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Duchas.ie&rft.atitle=The+Schools%27+Collection%2C+Volume+0210%2C+Page+152&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duchas.ie%2Fen%2Fcbes%2F4649686%2F4647061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214023514/http://www.dcenr.gov.ie/nr/rdonlyres/3a6f7001-9bed-4fad-8e00-fbe2f7aea042/0/shirbd191208.pdf">"Shannon International River Basin District Eel Management Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcenr.gov.ie/nr/rdonlyres/3a6f7001-9bed-4fad-8e00-fbe2f7aea042/0/shirbd191208.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shannon+International+River+Basin+District+Eel+Management+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcenr.gov.ie%2Fnr%2Frdonlyres%2F3a6f7001-9bed-4fad-8e00-fbe2f7aea042%2F0%2Fshirbd191208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804194225/http://www.esb.ie/main/sustainability/eel-trap-and-transport.jsp">"Eel traps & transport"</a>. <i>esb.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esb.ie/main/sustainability/eel-trap-and-transport.jsp">the original</a> on 4 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esb.ie&rft.atitle=Eel+traps+%26+transport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esb.ie%2Fmain%2Fsustainability%2Feel-trap-and-transport.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McInerney, Jim (2005) "The Gandelow: a Shannon Estuary Fishing Boat" A.K. Ilen Company Ltd, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9547915-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9547915-1-7">0-9547915-1-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://limerickslife.com/abbey-fishermen/">"The Abbey Fisherman of the Abbey area in Limerick city, Ireland"</a>. <i>Limerick's Life</i>. 1 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412075416/http://limerickslife.com/abbey-fishermen/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limerick%27s+Life&rft.atitle=The+Abbey+Fisherman+of+the+Abbey+area+in+Limerick+city%2C+Ireland&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flimerickslife.com%2Fabbey-fishermen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarina_Tully" class="citation web cs1">Darina Tully. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204739/http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/heritage/pdfs/clare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf">"Clare Traditional Boat and Currach Project 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/heritage/pdfs/clare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clare+Traditional+Boat+and+Currach+Project+2008&rft.au=Darina+Tully&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarelibrary.ie%2Feolas%2Fcoclare%2Fheritage%2Fpdfs%2Fclare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watersupplyproject.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/appendix_g_break_pressure_tank.pdf">"Water Supply Project Eastern and Midlands Region: Appendix G Break Pressure Tank"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108195425/http://www.watersupplyproject.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/appendix_g_break_pressure_tank.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Supply+Project+Eastern+and+Midlands+Region%3A+Appendix+G+Break+Pressure+Tank&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watersupplyproject.ie%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F11%2Fappendix_g_break_pressure_tank.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0731/106457-water/">"Warning over Shannon water extraction"</a>. 31 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103120738/https://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0731/106457-water/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span> – via rte.ie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Warning+over+Shannon+water+extraction&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2008%2F0731%2F106457-water%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/business/196725/Shannon-water-extraction-a-concern-for.html">"Shannon water extraction a concern for Limerick councillors"</a>. <i>limerickleader.ie</i>. 7 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228092425/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/business/196725/Shannon-water-extraction-a-concern-for.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=limerickleader.ie&rft.atitle=Shannon+water+extraction+a+concern+for+Limerick+councillors&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F196725%2FShannon-water-extraction-a-concern-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108195819/http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/environmenttransportcultureandthegaeltacht/8november/River-Shannon-Protection-Alliance-Position-Paper.pdf">"River Shannon Protection Alliance: Why we say the Dublin Region Water Supply Project is a bad scheme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>oireachtas.ie</i>. 26 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/environmenttransportcultureandthegaeltacht/8november/River-Shannon-Protection-Alliance-Position-Paper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oireachtas.ie&rft.atitle=River+Shannon+Protection+Alliance%3A+Why+we+say+the+Dublin+Region+Water+Supply+Project+is+a+bad+scheme&rft.date=2011-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fparliament%2Fmedia%2Fcommittees%2Fenvironmenttransportcultureandthegaeltacht%2F8november%2FRiver-Shannon-Protection-Alliance-Position-Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Shannon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:River_Shannon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:River Shannon">River Shannon</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051204093359/http://www.iwai.ie/nav/shannon.html">Information, maps, etc. on The Shannon Navigation (from Inland Waterways Association of Ireland)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/538586/River-Shannon">"River Shannon"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=River+Shannon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F538586%2FRiver-Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Shannon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/irelands-wild-river-irelands-wild-river/8638/">Ireland's Wild River (2014 "Nature" episode on the River Shannon by wildlife cameraman Colin Stafford-Johnson)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:River_Shannon" title="Template:River Shannon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:River_Shannon" title="Template talk:River Shannon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:River_Shannon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:River Shannon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="River_Shannon,_Ireland_(Basin)136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">River Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shannon_River_Basin" title="Shannon River Basin">Basin</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">Leitrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Longford" title="County Longford">Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Westmeath" title="County Westmeath">Westmeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">Offaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick"> Limerick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinaglera" title="Ballinaglera">Ballinaglera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumshanbo" title="Drumshanbo">Drumshanbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick-on-Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromod" title="Dromod">Dromod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_Forbes" title="Newtown Forbes">Newtown Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmonbarry" title="Tarmonbarry">Tarmonbarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanesborough-Ballyleague" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanesborough-Ballyleague">Lanesborough-Ballyleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannonbridge" title="Shannonbridge">Shannonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banagher" title="Banagher">Banagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killaloe,_County_Clare" title="Killaloe, County Clare">Killaloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick City">Limerick City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brosna" title="River Brosna">Brosna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Deel" title="River Deel">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Westmeath" class="mw-redirect" title="River Inny, Westmeath">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maigue" title="River Maigue">Maigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulkear_River" title="Mulkear River">Mulkear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenagh_River" title="Nenagh River">Nenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">Suck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flows into</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linked canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Erne_Waterway" title="Shannon–Erne Waterway">Shannon–Erne Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Canal" title="Jamestown Canal">Jamestown Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">River Suck canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle,_County_Roscommon#Transport" title="Boyle, County Roscommon">Boyle canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecarrow_Canal" title="Lecarrow Canal">Lecarrow Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_hydroelectric_scheme#Navigation" title="Shannon hydroelectric scheme">Headrace canal (Ardnacrusha)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major crossings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon#Carrick_Bridge_and_Quay" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim#River_crossings" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmonbarry" title="Tarmonbarry"> Termonbarry Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N6_road_(Ireland)" title="N6 road (Ireland)">N6 Athlone bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannonbridge" title="Shannonbridge">Shannonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banagher_bridge" title="Banagher bridge">Banagher bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portumna_bridge" title="Portumna bridge">Portumna bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killaloe_Bridge" title="Killaloe Bridge">Killaloe Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick#Expansion" title="University of Limerick"><i>The Living Bridge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick#Expansion" title="University of Limerick">University Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien%27s_Bridge" title="O'Brien's Bridge">O'Briensbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Limerick#Shannon_Bridge" title="Architecture of Limerick">Shannon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Tunnel" title="Limerick Tunnel">Limerick Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Ferry" title="Shannon Ferry">Shannon Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Shannon" title="List of crossings of the Shannon">All crossings of the River Shannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rivers_of_Ireland380" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Template:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers_of_Ireland380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing north</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Bann" title="River Bann">Bann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Bush" title="River Bush">Bush</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Faughan" title="River Faughan">Faughan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Foyle" title="River Foyle">Foyle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Roe" title="River Roe">Roe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Avoca" title="River Avoca">Avoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Boyne" title="River Boyne">Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_River" title="Broadmeadow River">Broadmeadow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ward_River_(Ireland)" title="Ward River (Ireland)">Ward</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castletown_River" title="Castletown River">Castletown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dargle" title="River Dargle">Dargle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glencullen_River" title="Glencullen River">Glencullen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fane" title="River Fane">Fane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Glyde" title="River Glyde">Glyde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Dee_(Ireland)" title="River Dee (Ireland)">Dee</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Lagan" title="River Lagan">Lagan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Liffey" title="River Liffey">Liffey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morell_River" title="Morell River">Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rye_(Ireland)" title="River Rye (Ireland)">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">Camac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">Poddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">Dodder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayne_River" title="Mayne River">Mayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naniken_River" title="Naniken River">Naniken</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newry_River" title="Newry River">Newry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Quoile" title="River Quoile">Quoile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santry_River" title="Santry River">Santry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanganagh_River" title="Shanganagh River">Shanganagh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Slaney" title="River Slaney">Slaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tolka" title="River Tolka">Tolka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Vartry" title="River Vartry">Vartry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Bandon" title="River Bandon">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Blackwater" title="Munster Blackwater">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lee" title="River Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mahon" title="River Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(Ireland)" title="The Three Sisters (Ireland)">The Three Sisters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Barrow" title="River Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">Nore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suir" title="River Suir">Suir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballisodare_River" title="Ballisodare River">Ballisodare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caragh_River" title="Caragh River">Caragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Clare" title="River Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Corrib" title="River Corrib">Corrib</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Erne" title="River Erne">Erne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Eske" title="River Eske">Eske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Feale" title="River Feale">Feale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny_(County_Kerry)" title="River Inny (County Kerry)">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Laune" title="River Laune">Laune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ferta" title="River Ferta">Ferta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maine_(County_Kerry)" title="River Maine (County Kerry)">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Moy" title="River Moy">Moy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Robe" class="mw-redirect" title="River Robe">Robe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Swilly" title="River Swilly">Swilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">Tributaries</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shannon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brosna" title="River Brosna">Brosna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Deel" title="River Deel">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fergus" title="River Fergus">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Westmeath" class="mw-redirect" title="River Inny, Westmeath">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maigue" title="River Maigue">Maigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulkear_River" title="Mulkear River">Mulkear River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenagh_River" title="Nenagh River">Nenagh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">Suck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>River names in <i>italics</i> indicate rivers which are partially or wholly in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, with the rest being wholly in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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