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<div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Nichel" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Nichel" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" 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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Nichel" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Nichel" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div 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<nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disponibilità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disponibilità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Disponibilità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disponibilità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isotopi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isotopi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Isotopi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isotopi_stabili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopi_stabili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Isotopi stabili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopi_stabili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopi_radioattivi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopi_radioattivi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Isotopi radioattivi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopi_radioattivi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importanza_biologica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importanza_biologica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Importanza biologica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importanza_biologica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tossicità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tossicità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tossicità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tossicità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leghe_di_nichel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leghe_di_nichel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Leghe di nichel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leghe_di_nichel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nichel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 153 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%AC%E1%88%8D" title="ኒኬል - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒኬል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="निकल - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="निकल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84" title="نيكل - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84" title="نيكل - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيكل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84" title="نيكل - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نیکل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нікель - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нікель - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нікель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Никел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နီကယ် - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နီကယ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="নিকেল - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="དང་གཤའ་དཀར། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དང་གཤའ་དཀར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nikl" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C4%95k" title="Ngiĕk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngiĕk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikil" title="Nikil - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nikil" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5" title="نیکڵ - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیکڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichele" title="Nichele - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nichele" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicel" title="Nicel - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nicel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="ނިކަލް - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނިކަލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νικέλιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικέλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikelo" title="Nikelo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nikelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نیکل - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkeli" title="Nikkeli - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikkeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Nichel" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicil" title="Nicil - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nicil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niceal" title="Niceal - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Niceal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2" title="નિકલ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નિકલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickyl" title="Nickyl - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nickyl" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="ניקל - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="निकल - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikal" title="Nikal - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nikal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik%C3%A8l" title="Nikèl - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nikèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Նիկել - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A7%D5%B2" title="Նիքէղ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիքէղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikelo" title="Nikelo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nikelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB" title="ニッケル - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニッケル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nikle" title="nikle - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nikle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნიკელი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%A9k%C9%9Bl%C9%A9" title="Nɩkɛlɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nɩkɛlɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಿಕಲ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಕಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%88" title="니켈 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니켈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEkel" title="Nîkel - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîkel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolum" title="Niccolum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Niccolum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ckel" title="Néckel - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Néckel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nichel" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ACchel" title="Nìchel - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nìchel" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikelis" title="Nikelis - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nikelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C4%B7elis" title="Niķelis - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Niķelis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никели - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Никели" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikela" title="Nikela - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nikela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konuk%C5%8Dreko" title="Konukōreko - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konukōreko" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Никел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="നിക്കൽ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിക്കൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နီကယ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နီကယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztac_tepoztli" title="Iztac tepoztli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Iztac tepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_(Metall)" title="Nickel (Metall) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nickel (Metall)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqu%C3%A8l" title="Niquèl - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Niquèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeli" title="Nikeli - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nikeli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2" title="ନିକେଲ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିକେଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨਿਕਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਕਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nikiel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ACchel" title="Nìchel - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nìchel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نکل - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نکل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نېکل - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نېکل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Níquel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikil" title="Nikil - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nikil" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nichel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichelu" title="Nichelu - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Nichelu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="निकेल - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="निकेल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ACchel" title="Nìchel - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nìchel" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nichel" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nikl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikelj" title="Nikelj - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nikelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyakari" title="Niyakari - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Niyakari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeli" title="Nikeli - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nikeli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Никл - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Никл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Nikkel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeli" title="Nikeli - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nikeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நிக்கல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிக்கல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నికెల్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నికెల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Никел" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="นิกเกิล - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิกเกิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Никель - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Никель" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D9%83%DB%90%D9%84" title="نىكېل - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىكېل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нікель - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нікель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نکل - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نکل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel%27" title="Nikel' - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nikel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nikel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镍" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Никелион - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Никелион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="ניקל - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניקל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nickel" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="镍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%B3" title="鎳 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鎳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni-k%C3%A9-luh" title="Ni-ké-luh - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ni-ké-luh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%B3" title="鎳 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鎳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INimbi" title="INimbi - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INimbi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q744#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Nichel" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nichel"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nichel"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Nichel" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Nichel" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&oldid=141932231" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Nichel&id=141932231&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNichel"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNichel"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Nichel"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nichel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nickel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q744" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Nichel_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nichel (disambigua)">Nichel (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width: 300px;"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Nichel</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;">  </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />28</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Ni</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Zolfo" title="Zolfo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandio" title="Scandio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 10px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Gallio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Gallio (elemento 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href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e8ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffeedd;"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">cobalto</a> ← nichel → <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a> </p> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Aspetto</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickel_chunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aspetto dell'elemento"><img alt="Aspetto dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nickel_chunk.jpg/200px-Nickel_chunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nickel_chunk.jpg/300px-Nickel_chunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nickel_chunk.jpg/400px-Nickel_chunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Aspetto dell'elemento</figcaption></figure>metallo lucido</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Linea_spettrale" title="Linea spettrale">Linea spettrale</a></b><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickel_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Linea spettrale dell'elemento"><img alt="Linea spettrale dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nickel_spectrum_visible.png/200px-Nickel_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nickel_spectrum_visible.png/300px-Nickel_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nickel_spectrum_visible.png/400px-Nickel_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Linea spettrale dell'elemento</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Generalità</th></tr><tr><th>Nome, simbolo, numero atomico</th><td>nichel, Ni, 28 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimica" title="Serie chimica">Serie</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Metalli_del_blocco_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalli del blocco d">metalli di transizione</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">periodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">blocco</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_gruppo_10" title="Elementi del gruppo 10">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_periodo_4" title="Elementi del periodo 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orbitale_atomico" title="Orbitale atomico">d</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">Densità</a></th><td>8 908 kg/m³ </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Mohs" title="Scala di Mohs">Durezza</a></th><td>4,0 </td></tr><tr><th>Configurazione elettronica</th><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elektronskal_28.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Configurazione elettronica"><img alt="Configurazione elettronica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Elektronskal_28.svg/125px-Elektronskal_28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Elektronskal_28.svg/188px-Elektronskal_28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Elektronskal_28.svg/250px-Elektronskal_28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Configurazione elettronica</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Termine_spettroscopico" title="Termine spettroscopico">Termine spettroscopico</a></th><td><sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Proprietà atomiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Peso_atomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Peso atomico">Peso atomico</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001586934000000000♠"></span>58,6934</span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_atomico" title="Raggio atomico">Raggio atomico</a> (calc.)</th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990135000000000000♠"></span>135(149) <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">pm</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_covalente" title="Raggio covalente">Raggio covalente</a></th><td>121 pm </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_di_van_der_Waals" title="Raggio di van der Waals">Raggio di van der Waals</a></th><td>163 pm </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Configurazione_elettronica" title="Configurazione elettronica">Configurazione elettronica</a></th><td>[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>]3d<sup>8</sup>4s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">e<sup>−</sup></a> per <a href="/wiki/Livello_energetico" title="Livello energetico">livello energetico</a></th><td>2, 8, 16, 2 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">Stati di ossidazione</a></th><td><b>2</b>,3 (debolmente <a href="/wiki/Base_(chimica)" title="Base (chimica)">basico</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo">Struttura cristallina</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_cubico_a_facce_centrate" title="Reticolo cubico a facce centrate">cubica a facce centrate</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">Stato della materia</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismo" title="Ferromagnetismo">ferromagnetico</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a></th><td>1 728 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1 455 <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_ebollizione" title="Punto di ebollizione">Punto di ebollizione</a></th><td>3 186 K (2 913 °C) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Volume_molare" title="Volume molare">Volume molare</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994659000000000000♠"></span>6,59<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span> m³/mol </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_vaporizzazione" title="Entalpia di vaporizzazione">Entalpia di vaporizzazione</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005370400000000000♠"></span>370,4 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mole" title="Joule per mole">kJ/mol</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_di_fusione" class="mw-redirect" title="Calore di fusione">Calore di fusione</a></th><td>17,47 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Tensione_di_vapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensione di vapore">Tensione di vapore</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002237000000000000♠"></span>237 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">Pa</a></span> a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003172600000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">726</span> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_del_suono" title="Velocità del suono">Velocità del suono</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003497000000000000♠"></span>4<span style="margin-left:.25em;">970</span> <a href="/wiki/Metro_al_secondo" title="Metro al secondo">m/s</a></span> a 293,15 K </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Altre proprietà</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Numero_CAS" title="Numero CAS">Numero CAS</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=it&cas=7440-02-0">7440-02-0</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettronegativit%C3%A0" title="Elettronegatività">Elettronegatività</a></th><td>1,91 (<a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Scala di Pauling">Scala di Pauling</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_specifico" title="Calore specifico">Calore specifico</a></th><td>440 <a href="/wiki/Calore_specifico" title="Calore specifico">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_elettrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducibilità elettrica">Conducibilità elettrica</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007143000000000000♠"></span>14,3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_elettrica#Unità_di_misura" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducibilità elettrica">S/m</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica" title="Conducibilità termica">Conducibilità termica</a></th><td>90,7 <a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica#Unità_di_misura" title="Conducibilità termica">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Energia_di_ionizzazione" title="Energia di ionizzazione">Energia di prima ionizzazione</a></th><td>737,1 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di seconda ionizzazione</th><td>1 753 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di terza ionizzazione</th><td>3 395 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di quarta ionizzazione</th><td>5 300 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Isotopi più stabili</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><th>iso</th><th>NA</th><th>TD</th><th>DM</th><th>DE</th><th>DP</th></tr> <tr><td><sup>56</sup>Ni</td><td>sintetico</td> <td>6,077 giorni</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">ε</a></td><td>2,136</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><sup>56</sup>Co</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>58</sup>Ni</td><td><b>68,077%</b></td> <td colspan="4">Ni è stabile con 30 <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutroni</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>59</sup>Ni</td><td>sintetico</td> <td>76000 anni</td><td>ε</td><td>1,072</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><sup>59</sup>Co</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>60</sup>Ni</td><td>26,233%</td> <td colspan="4">Ni è stabile con 32 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>61</sup>Ni</td><td>1,1399%</td> <td colspan="4">Ni è stabile con 33 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>62</sup>Ni</td><td>3,6346%</td> <td colspan="4">Ni è stabile con 34 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>63</sup>Ni</td><td>sintetico</td> <td>100,1 anni</td><td>β<sup>−</sup></td><td>2,137</td><td><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame"><sup>63</sup>Cu</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>64</sup>Ni</td><td>0,9255%</td> <td colspan="4">Ni è stabile con 36 neutroni</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;"><small>iso: <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a><br />NA: abbondanza in natura<br />TD: <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">tempo di dimezzamento</a><br />DM: modalità di decadimento<br />DE: energia di decadimento in MeV<br />DP: prodotto del decadimento</small></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>nichel</b> (o <b>nichelio</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) è l'<a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento chimico</a> di <a href="/wiki/Numero_atomico" title="Numero atomico">numero atomico</a> 28 e il suo simbolo è <b>Ni</b>. È il primo elemento del <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">gruppo</a> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_gruppo_10" title="Elementi del gruppo 10">10</a> del <a href="/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi">sistema periodico</a>, facente parte del <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">blocco</a> <i>d</i>, ed è quindi un <a href="/wiki/Elementi_di_transizione" title="Elementi di transizione">elemento di transizione</a>. Nella vecchia nomenclatura ha costituito, insieme al <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> e al <a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">cobalto</a> la triade del gruppo VIII del sistema periodico, detto anche <i>gruppo del ferro;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> allo stato metallico condivide con essi il <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismo" title="Ferromagnetismo">ferromagnetismo</a>, sebbene meno spiccato che nel ferro. </p><p>Il nichel è un metallo leggermente meno duro del <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> puro (4 contro 4,5 su <a href="/wiki/Scala_Mohs" class="mw-redirect" title="Scala Mohs">scala Mohs</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e con una <a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_elettrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducibilità elettrica">conducibilità elettrica</a> un po' minore,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ma è molto più resistente alla <a href="/wiki/Corrosione" title="Corrosione">corrosione</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presenta una lucentezza bianco argentea che ha però una lieve sfumatura gialla, riscontrabile nello spettro della luce riflessa.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il nome deriva dallo <a href="/wiki/Lingua_svedese" title="Lingua svedese">svedese</a> Nickel, diminutivo di Nikolaus, anticamente associato a persona da poco, <a href="/wiki/Folletto" title="Folletto">folletto</a> o ragazzo irrequieto, troppo pieno di vitalità<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Esiste poi il derivato tedesco Kupfernickel ("rame del diavolo"), nome dato dai minatori che, cercando il rame, trovavano invece questo elemento e ne davano la colpa a un genio maligno<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il nichel si usa almeno dal <a href="/wiki/XXXVI_secolo_a.C." title="XXXVI secolo a.C.">3500 a.C.</a>: alcuni bronzi provenienti da quella che è oggi la <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> contengono fino al 2% di nichel. Inoltre esistono alcuni manoscritti cinesi che suggeriscono che il "<a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a> bianco" (<i>paitung</i>) fosse in uso in Oriente fra il <a href="/wiki/II_millennio_a.C." title="II millennio a.C.">1700</a> e il <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo_a.C." title="XV secolo a.C.">1400 a.C.</a> Comunque, poiché i minerali di nichel possono facilmente essere confusi con minerali di <a href="/wiki/Argento" title="Argento">argento</a>, l'uso consapevole del nichel in quanto tale risale all'era contemporanea. </p><p>I minerali che contengono nichel, come la <a href="/wiki/Niccolite" title="Niccolite">niccolite</a> o falso rame, erano apprezzati anticamente per il colore verde che conferivano al <a href="/wiki/Vetro" title="Vetro">vetro</a>. Nel 1751 il mineralogista svedese <a href="/wiki/Axel_Fredrik_Cronstedt" title="Axel Fredrik Cronstedt">Axel Fredrik Cronstedt</a>, tentando di estrarre rame dalla niccolite, ottenne invece un metallo bianco-argenteo che battezzò nickhel, dal tedesco <i>Kupfernickel</i> (falso rame) o da nickel (<a href="/wiki/Folletto" title="Folletto">folletto</a>, diavoletto). </p><p>La prima <a href="/wiki/Moneta" title="Moneta">moneta</a> di nichel puro venne coniata nel 1881, mentre monete in nichel-rame vennero emesse da tre sovrani del <a href="/wiki/Regno_indo-greco" title="Regno indo-greco">Regno indo-greco</a> nel <a href="/wiki/II_secolo_a.C." title="II secolo a.C.">II secolo a.C.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il nichel è un <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">metallo</a> argenteo. Appartiene al blocco del <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> ed è duro, malleabile e duttile. </p><p>Il nichel è uno dei cinque elementi <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismo" title="Ferromagnetismo">ferromagnetici</a>. Si accompagna molto spesso con il <a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">cobalto</a>: entrambi si possono trovare nel <a href="/wiki/Meteorite_ferroso#Composizione" title="Meteorite ferroso">ferro meteoritico</a>. È assai apprezzato per le proprietà che conferisce alle <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">leghe metalliche</a> di cui fa parte. La moneta <a href="/wiki/Statunitense" class="mw-redirect" title="Statunitense">statunitense</a> detta "nichelino"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a causa della particolare lega usata non è ferromagnetica, mentre l'equivalente <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">canadese</a> lo era fino all'anno di conio 1958 compreso. </p><p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">stato di ossidazione</a> più comune del nichel è +2, ma sono stati osservati anche complessi di nichel in stati di ossidazione 0, +1 e +3. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disponibilità"><span id="Disponibilit.C3.A0"></span>Disponibilità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Disponibilità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Disponibilità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La maggior parte di tutto il nichel viene estratto da due tipi di deposito minerale; il primo tipo è costituito da lateriti in cui i minerali principali sono limonite nichelifera [(Fe,Ni)O(OH)] e <a href="/wiki/Garnierite" title="Garnierite">garnierite</a> (un silicato idrato di nichel). Il secondo tipo è costituito da depositi di solfuri di origine magmatica in cui il principale minerale è la <a href="/wiki/Pentlandite" title="Pentlandite">pentlandite</a> [(Ni,Fe)<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>]. Il nichel si trova anche nella <a href="/wiki/Camacite" title="Camacite">kamacite</a>, una lega naturale di <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> e nichel. </p><p>Le riserve maggiori di nichel sono in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nuova_Caledonia" title="Nuova Caledonia">Nuova Caledonia</a> e ammontano a circa il 45% delle riserve totali note. </p><p>Si stima che, a partire dalle zone emerse in cui si è osservato almeno 1% di concentrazione di nichel, le risorse di nichel disponibili siano almeno 130 milioni di <a href="/wiki/Tonnellata" title="Tonnellata">tonnellate</a>, circa il doppio delle riserve già note. Il 60% è in <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">lateriti</a> e il 40% in depositi di <a href="/wiki/Solfuri" title="Solfuri">solfuri</a>. </p><p>Nel 2011 la <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> è stato il più grande produttore di nichel con circa il 20% della produzione mondiale seguito da vicino da <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, Australia, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filippine" title="Filippine">Filippine</a>, come riportato da "<a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">US Geological Survey</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-USGSCS2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCS2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickel_(mined)2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG/400px-Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG/600px-Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG/800px-Nickel_%28mined%292.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Produzione mondiale di nichel nel 2005</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">I maggiori produttori di nichel nel 2019<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Posizione </th> <th>Paese </th> <th>Produzione (mille tonnellate) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indonesia (bandiera)"><img alt="Indonesia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td align="right">853 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippine (bandiera)"><img alt="Filippine (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Filippine" title="Filippine">Filippine</a></td> <td align="right">323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td align="right">279 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Caledonia_flags_merged_(2017).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuova Caledonia (bandiera)"><img alt="Nuova Caledonia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg/20px-New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg/30px-New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg/40px-New_Caledonia_flags_merged_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nuova_Caledonia" title="Nuova Caledonia">Nuova Caledonia</a></td> <td align="right">208 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canada (bandiera)"><img alt="Canada (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td align="right">181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australia (bandiera)"><img alt="Australia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="right">159 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cina (bandiera)"><img alt="Cina (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a></td> <td align="right">120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brasile (bandiera)"><img alt="Brasile (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brasile" title="Brasile">Brasile</a></td> <td align="right">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Dominicana (bandiera)"><img alt="Rep. Dominicana (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Dominicana" title="Repubblica Dominicana">Rep. Dominicana</a></td> <td align="right">57 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopi">Isotopi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Isotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Isotopi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dell'<a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento</a> nichel si conoscono almeno trentuno <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopi</a>, con <a href="/wiki/Numero_di_massa" title="Numero di massa">numeri di massa</a> che vanno da <i><a href="/wiki/Numero_di_massa" title="Numero di massa">A</a></i> = 48 ad <i>A</i> = 78.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tra questi, gli isotopi stabili (o almeno apparentemente stabili) del nichel esistenti in natura sono i cinque seguenti, con le loro abbondanze relative in parentesi: <sup>58</sup>Ni (68,077%), <sup>60</sup>Ni (26,223%), <sup>61</sup>Ni (1,1399%), <sup>62</sup>Ni (3,6345%) e <sup>64</sup>Ni (0,9256%).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopi_stabili">Isotopi stabili</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Isotopi stabili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Isotopi stabili"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il primo isotopo naturale del nichel e il più abbondante, il <sup>58</sup>Ni, è osservativamente stabile;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tuttavia, è teoricamente soggetto a decadimento per dare l'ultimo isotopo stabile del <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>, il <sup>58</sup>Fe, attraverso una <a href="/wiki/Doppia_cattura_elettronica" title="Doppia cattura elettronica">doppia cattura elettronica</a> (ε ε) o anche per cattura elettronica ed <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">emissione di positrone</a> (ε β<sup>+</sup>), mentre il modo di doppia emissione di positrone (β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>) risulta proibito e l'energia di decadimento massima è pari a 1,675 MeV.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuttavia, l'emivita stimata per questi processi è superiore a 10<sup>21</sup> anni,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> un periodo di centinaia di migliaia di volte superiore all'età dell'<a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">universo</a>, per cui questo decadimento sarebbe del tutto inavvertibile e privo di qualsiasi conseguenza da un punto di vista pratico. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nichel-60" title="Nichel-60"><sup>60</sup>Ni</a> è l'ultimo prodotto della catena di decadimento dell'estinto <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclide</a> <sup>60</sup>Fe (emivita: 2,6 milioni di anni), attraverso l'intermedio <sup>60</sup><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">Co</a> (due successivi decadimenti β<sup>−</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'abbondanza del <sup>60</sup>Ni presente in materiale di origine extra-terrestre può aiutare a far luce sull'origine e sulla storia del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solare" title="Sistema solare">sistema solare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>61</sup>Ni è l'unico nuclide stabile del nichel ad avere spin nucleare (3/2-) non nullo, il che permette l'uso della <a href="/wiki/Spettroscopia_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Spettroscopia Mössbauer">spettroscopia Mössbauer</a> per i composti di nichel.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>62</sup>Ni, terzo per abbondanza naturale, è il nuclide che ha il primato di essere il nuclide più fortemente legato, quello cioè avente la più alta <a href="/wiki/Energia_di_legame" title="Energia di legame">energia di legame</a> per <a href="/wiki/Nucleone" title="Nucleone">nucleone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che ammonta a 8,7946 MeV/nucleone,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seguito in questo dal <sup>58</sup>Fe e poi dal <sup>56</sup>Fe. </p><p><sup>64</sup>Ni è l'ultimo isotopo stabile del nichel e il meno abbondante. Campioni di nichel arricchito in questo isotopo vengono usati per produrre, tramite bombardamento con <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a> di ~17 MeV, il <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radioisotopo</a> <sup>64</sup>Cu secondo la <a href="/wiki/Reazione_nucleare" title="Reazione nucleare">reazione nucleare</a> <sup>64</sup>Ni(<i>p</i>,<i>n</i>)<sup>64</sup>Cu,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> il quale ha la caratteristica inusuale di decadere sia per emissione di elettrone (<i>β</i>−, 61%), sia per emissione di positrone (<i>β<sup>+</sup></i>, 39%).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di questo isotopo del <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a> si sfrutta il suo modo di decadimento <i>β<sup>+</sup></i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in applicazioni di <a href="/wiki/Tomografia_a_emissione_di_positroni" title="Tomografia a emissione di positroni">tomografia a emissione di positroni</a> (PET).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopi_radioattivi">Isotopi radioattivi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Isotopi radioattivi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Isotopi radioattivi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Del nichel sono stati inoltre prodotti artificialmente ed identificati 18 isotopi radioattivi, di cui il più longevo è <sup>59</sup>Ni con un'<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> di 76 000 anni, seguito da <sup>63</sup>Ni (100,1 anni) e da <sup>56</sup>Ni (6,077 giorni). Tutti gli altri isotopi hanno un'emivita inferiore alle 60 ore e nella maggior parte di essi inferiore ai 30 secondi. </p><p><sup>54</sup>Ni (spin 0) è un isotopo del nichel povero di neutroni che decade (<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)"><i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub></a> = 0,104 s) per emissione di positrone in <sup>54</sup>Co (<a href="/wiki/Energia_di_decadimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia di decadimento">Q</a> = 7,78 MeV), il quale decade a sua volta (Q = 7,22 MeV), anch'esso per emissione di positrone, per dare <sup>54</sup>Fe, un isotopo del ferro osservativamente stabile.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il <a href="/wiki/Raggio_(geometria)" title="Raggio (geometria)">raggio</a> <a href="/wiki/Valore_quadratico_medio" class="mw-redirect" title="Valore quadratico medio">quadratico medio</a> della sua carica elettrica nucleare è stato stimato in 3,737 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">femtometri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>55</sup>Ni (spin 7/2-) è un isotopo del nichel, anch'esso povero di neutroni, che decade <i>β<sup>+</sup></i> (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 204,7 ms) in <sup>55</sup>Co (Q = 7,67 MeV), il quale decade a sua volta (Q = 7,22 MeV), anch'esso <i>β<sup>+</sup></i>, per dare <sup>55</sup>Fe, il quale decade ancora, questa volta per cattura elettronica (<i><a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">ε</a></i>), per dare infine <sup>55</sup>Mn, stabile.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>56</sup>Ni (spin 0) viene prodotto in grandi quantità nelle <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernove</a> di tipo II;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> questo nuclide, nonostante sia doppiamente <a href="/wiki/Numero_magico_(fisica)" title="Numero magico (fisica)">magico</a> (28 protoni e 28 neutroni), è radioattivo a vita breve (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub> ≈ 6 giorni) e decade <i><a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">ε</a>/<a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">β</a><sup>+</sup></i> a <sup>56</sup>Co (Q = 1,11 MeV),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che poi decade anch'esso con la stessa modalità (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub> ≈ 77 giorni, Q = 3,54 MeV) a <sup>56</sup>Fe, stabile.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questi processi all'interno delle stelle massive costituiscono il principale punto di arrivo della <a href="/wiki/Nucleosintesi" title="Nucleosintesi">nucleosintesi</a> che porta alla formazione della maggior parte dei nuclei di <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">Universo</a> e nel sistema solare.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>57</sup>Ni (spin 3/2-) decade in modalità <a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">cattura elettronica</a> ed emissione di positrone (<i>ε/β<sup>+</sup></i>) (T<sub>1/2</sub> = 35,6 ore; Q = 3,262 MeV),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dando l'isotopo <sup>57</sup>Fe, spin 1/2- (stabile). </p><p><sup>59</sup>Ni (spin 3/2-) è un <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclide</a> di origine cosmica che decade nella quasi totalità dei casi per cattura elettronica (<i>ε</i>) a <sup>59</sup>Co, stabile, Q = 1,073 MeV;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nell'1,5×10<sup>−5</sup>% decade <i>β<sup>+</sup></i> dando lo stesso prodotto.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grazie al suo tempo di dimezzamento sufficientemente lungo (76 000 anni) trova impiego in <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a> per eseguire datazioni; in particolare, è stato usato per datare l'età delle <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteoriti</a> e per stimare l'abbondanza di pulviscolo cosmico nei ghiacci e nei sedimenti terrestri.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>63</sup>Ni (spin 1/2-) decade <i>β<sup>−</sup></i> all'isotopo stabile <sup>63</sup><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">Cu</a> (T<sub>1/2</sub> = 101,2 anni; Q = 0,06698 MeV).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questo isotopo si trova nelle strutture di supporto dei <a href="/wiki/Reattore_nucleare" title="Reattore nucleare">reattori nucleari</a> in quanto si forma dal <sup>62</sup>Ni per <a href="/wiki/Reazione_nucleare" title="Reazione nucleare">cattura di neutrone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>65</sup>Ni (spin 5/2-) decade <i>β<sup>−</sup></i> all'isotopo stabile <sup>65</sup>Cu (T<sub>1/2</sub> = 2,52 ore; Q = 2,138 MeV).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>66</sup>Ni (spin 1) decade <i>β<sup>−</sup></i> (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 2,280 giorni) in <sup>66</sup>Cu (Q = 251,99 keV), il quale decade a sua volta (Q = 2,64 MeV), anch'esso <i>β<sup>−</sup></i>, per dare <sup>66</sup><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">Zn</a>, stabile.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Circa il 77% del nichel consumato nel mondo occidentale viene impiegato per fabbricare <a href="/wiki/Acciaio_inossidabile" title="Acciaio inossidabile">acciaio inox</a> <a href="/wiki/Austenitico" class="mw-redirect" title="Austenitico">austenitico</a>; un altro 12% viene impiegato in <a href="/wiki/Superleghe" class="mw-redirect" title="Superleghe">superleghe</a>. Il restante 11% del fabbisogno è diviso fra altri tipi di <a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batterie_ricaricabili" class="mw-redirect" title="Batterie ricaricabili">batterie ricaricabili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalizzatore" title="Catalizzatore">catalizzatori</a> e altri prodotti chimici, conio, prodotti per <a href="/wiki/Fonderia" title="Fonderia">fonderia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placcature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placcature (la pagina non esiste)">placcature</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Data la sua ottima resistenza all'<a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidazione</a>, il nichel è impiegato: </p> <ul><li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Acciaio_inossidabile" title="Acciaio inossidabile">acciaio inossidabile</a> e altre leghe resistenti alla <a href="/wiki/Corrosione" title="Corrosione">corrosione</a>;</li> <li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a> al nichel, usato per impieghi a bassa temperatura;</li> <li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Alnico" title="Alnico">alnico</a>, una lega usata nei <a href="/wiki/Magnete" title="Magnete">magneti</a>;</li> <li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Mu-metal" title="Mu-metal">mumetal</a>, che ha una permeabilità magnetica particolarmente alta e si usa per schermare <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campi magnetici</a>;</li> <li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Monel" title="Monel">monel</a>, una lega di nichel estremamente resistente alla <a href="/wiki/Corrosione" title="Corrosione">corrosione</a> usata per <a href="/wiki/Elica#Eliche_marine" title="Elica">eliche di navi</a>, attrezzature da cucina e tubature di impianti chimici industriali;</li> <li>nella produzione di <a href="/wiki/Lega_a_memoria_di_forma" title="Lega a memoria di forma">leghe a memoria di forma</a>, come il <a href="/wiki/Nitinol" title="Nitinol">nitinol</a>, usate in <a href="/wiki/Robotica" title="Robotica">robotica</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Endodonzia" title="Endodonzia">endodonzia</a>, un ramo dell'<a href="/wiki/Odontoiatria" title="Odontoiatria">odontoiatria</a>;</li> <li>nella produzione di batterie ricaricabili come le batterie al <a href="/wiki/Accumulatore_nichel-metallo_idruro" title="Accumulatore nichel-metallo idruro">nichel-idruro metallico</a> e al <a href="/wiki/Accumulatore_nichel-cadmio" title="Accumulatore nichel-cadmio">nichel-cadmio</a>;</li> <li>nella <a href="/wiki/Monetazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetazione">monetazione</a>: negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> il nichel è usato nelle <a href="/wiki/Moneta" title="Moneta">monete</a> da un centesimo; in <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> le monete da 50 e 100 <a href="/wiki/Lira_italiana" title="Lira italiana">lire</a> erano fatte di <a href="/wiki/Acmonital" title="Acmonital">acmonital</a> o di <a href="/wiki/Cupronichel" title="Cupronichel">cupronichel</a>, due leghe di nichel. È contenuto nelle monete da 1 e 2 <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. Molti altri Stati usano o hanno usato nichel nelle loro monete;</li> <li>nell'<a href="/wiki/Galvanostegia" title="Galvanostegia">elettrodeposizione</a>;</li> <li>nella realizzazione di <a href="/wiki/Crogiolo" title="Crogiolo">crogiuoli</a> per <a href="/wiki/Laboratorio" title="Laboratorio">laboratori</a> chimici;</li> <li>nell'<a href="/wiki/Idrogenazione" title="Idrogenazione">idrogenazione</a> degli oli vegetali: il nichel finemente polverizzato è un <a href="/wiki/Catalizzatore" title="Catalizzatore">catalizzatore</a>;</li> <li>nel rivestimento di ferro, <a href="/wiki/Ottone_(lega)" title="Ottone (lega)">ottone</a> e altri materiali metallici;</li> <li>nella produzione di certe leghe, come per esempio l'<a href="/wiki/Alpacca" title="Alpacca">argento tedesco</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monete (Fiorino olandese) in nichel"><img alt="Monete (Fiorino olandese) in nichel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nickel2.jpg/120px-Nickel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nickel2.jpg/180px-Nickel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nickel2.jpg/240px-Nickel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monete (<a href="/wiki/Fiorino_olandese" title="Fiorino olandese">Fiorino olandese</a>) in nichel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NiCd_various.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Batterie al nichel-cadmio"><img alt="Batterie al nichel-cadmio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NiCd_various.jpg/120px-NiCd_various.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NiCd_various.jpg/180px-NiCd_various.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NiCd_various.jpg/240px-NiCd_various.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Accumulatore_nichel-cadmio" title="Accumulatore nichel-cadmio">Batterie al nichel-cadmio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alloy_valves.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Valvola a sfera in monel"><img alt="Valvola a sfera in monel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alloy_valves.JPG/120px-Alloy_valves.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alloy_valves.JPG/180px-Alloy_valves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alloy_valves.JPG/240px-Alloy_valves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Valvola_a_sfera" title="Valvola a sfera">Valvola a sfera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monel" title="Monel">monel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mu-metal_cable.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schema di un cavo in mumetal"><img alt="Schema di un cavo in mumetal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mu-metal_cable.svg/120px-Mu-metal_cable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mu-metal_cable.svg/180px-Mu-metal_cable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mu-metal_cable.svg/240px-Mu-metal_cable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schema di un cavo in <a href="/wiki/Mumetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumetal">mumetal</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importanza_biologica">Importanza biologica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Importanza biologica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Importanza biologica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molti degli <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimi</a> del tipo <a href="/wiki/Idrogenasi" title="Idrogenasi">idrogenasi</a> contengono nichel in aggiunta agli <a href="/wiki/Centri_di_ferro-zolfo" title="Centri di ferro-zolfo">aggregati ferro-zolfo</a>. I siti nichel in queste idrogenasi hanno il compito di ossidarsi piuttosto che di sviluppare idrogeno: pare che il sito nichel cambi il suo stato di ossidazione durante l'azione dell'enzima e sono state presentate prove a sostegno dell'ipotesi che i centri nichel siano i reali siti attivi di questa classe di enzimi. </p><p>Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-F430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Co-F430 (la pagina non esiste)">Co-F430</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Coenzima" class="mw-redirect" title="Coenzima">coenzima</a> nichel-tetrapirrolo, è presente nella metil-CoM-riduttasi e nei <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">batteri</a> <a href="/wiki/Metanogenesi" title="Metanogenesi">metanogeni</a>. Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapirrolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrapirrolo (la pagina non esiste)">tetrapirrolo</a> è un intermedio nella struttura fra <a href="/wiki/Porfirina" title="Porfirina">porfirina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Corrina" title="Corrina">corrina</a>. Di recente sono state osservate variazioni sia nello stato di ossidazione sia nel tipo di coordinazione del nichel all'interno di tale enzima. </p><p>Esiste anche una carbonio-monossido-deidrogenasi contenente nichel della cui struttura si sa molto poco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tossicità"><span id="Tossicit.C3.A0"></span>Tossicità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Tossicità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Tossicità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Simboli_di_rischio_chimico" title="Simboli di rischio chimico">Simboli di rischio chimico</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="tossico a lungo termine"><img alt="tossico a lungo termine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="irritante"><img alt="irritante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>  <br />pericolo <hr /> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_H" class="mw-redirect" title="Frasi H">frasi H</a></th><td><abbr title="Sospettato di provocare il cancro.">351 </abbr>- <abbr title="Provoca danni agli organi in caso di esposizione prolungata o ripetuta.">372 </abbr>- <abbr title="Può provocare una reazione allergica cutanea.">317 </abbr>- <abbr title="Nocivo per gli organismi acquatici con effetti di lunga durata.">412 </abbr> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_R" title="Frasi R">frasi R</a></th><td>R 40-43 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Consigli_P" title="Consigli P">consigli P</a></th><td><abbr title="Utilizzare i dispositivi di protezione individuale richiesti.">281 </abbr>- <abbr title="Non disperdere nell'ambiente.">273 </abbr>- <abbr title="In caso di esposizione o di possibile esposizione, consultare un medico.">308+313 </abbr>- <abbr title="In caso di contatto con la pelle: lavare abbondantemente con acqua e sapone.">302+352 </abbr><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_S" title="Frasi S">frasi S</a></th><td>S 2-22-36 </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><hr /> <span style="font-size:90%"><b>Le sostanze chimiche<br />vanno manipolate con cautela</b></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disclaimer_sul_rischio" title="Wikipedia:Disclaimer sul rischio">Avvertenze</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La principale fonte di esposizione al nichel è l'assunzione per via orale, poiché questo metallo si trova sia nel cibo sia nell'acqua ed è presente come elemento contaminante per cause antropiche. Alcuni esempi: rubinetti di nichel che contaminano le acque e il suolo, sottoprodotti industriali dell'attività di miniere e fonderie, uso di pentole e tegami in leghe di nichel, uso di piatti dipinti con vernici contenenti nichel. Altre forme di esposizione sono quelle per via aerea: aria inquinata dalle raffinerie di nichel, combustione dei carburanti fossili, fumo di tabacco. Altra via di esposizione è il contatto della pelle con gioielli, monete, shampoo e detergenti. Infine una forma meno comune di esposizione cronica è l'emodialisi, poiché tracce di ioni nichel possono essere assorbiti nel <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(biologia)" title="Plasma (biologia)">plasma</a> a causa dell'azione <a href="/wiki/Chelante" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelante">chelante</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Albumina" title="Albumina">albumina</a>. La quantità media a cui la maggior parte delle persone è esposta non rappresenta un pericolo per la salute umana. La maggior parte del nichel assorbito quotidianamente dagli umani è rimosso per via renale ed eliminato attraverso le urine, oppure passa non modificato attraverso il tratto gastrointestinale senza essere assorbito. Il nichel non è causa di intossicazioni da accumulo, tuttavia le dosi massicce o l'esposizione cronica possono rappresentare un <a href="/wiki/Malattia_professionale" title="Malattia professionale">rischio professionale</a> a causa della sua tossicità acuta e della sua <a href="/wiki/Carcinogeno" title="Carcinogeno">cancerogenicità</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'esposizione al nichel metallico e ai suoi sali solubili non dovrebbe superare (per la popolazione) il valore ematico di 13 microgrammi/litro, non esiste un (<a href="/wiki/Threshold_Limit_Value" title="Threshold Limit Value">TLV-TWA</a>); fumi e polveri di <a href="/wiki/Millerite" title="Millerite">solfuro di nichel</a> sono considerati cancerogeni; molti altri composti del nichel sono sospetti cancerogeni. </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Tetracarbonilnichel" title="Tetracarbonilnichel">nichel tetracarbonile</a> ([Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub>]) è un <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> estremamente tossico la cui <a href="/wiki/Veleno" title="Veleno">tossicità</a> è la combinazione della tossicità del metallo con la tendenza del composto a dissociarsi liberando <a href="/wiki/Monossido_di_carbonio" title="Monossido di carbonio">monossido di carbonio</a>, anch'esso molto tossico. </p><p>Alcune persone possono mostrare ipersensibilità al nichel che si manifesta sulle zone della <a href="/wiki/Pelle" title="Pelle">pelle</a> esposte a esso. L'<a href="/wiki/Allergia" title="Allergia">allergia</a> al nichel è una delle cause principali della <a href="/wiki/Dermatite_allergica_da_contatto" title="Dermatite allergica da contatto">dermatite allergica da contatto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'<a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Unione europea</a> regola per decreto la quantità di nichel che può essere contenuta in prodotti che sono a contatto con la pelle. Nel 2002, in un articolo della rivista <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> alcuni ricercatori hanno dimostrato che le monete da <a href="/wiki/1_euro" title="1 euro">1</a> e <a href="/wiki/2_euro" title="2 euro">2 euro</a> in presenza di sudore possono rilasciare nichel eccedendo i limiti fissati dalla norma europea.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questo pare dipendere dalla corrosione prodotta dalle correnti galvaniche che si generano tra le due leghe metalliche diverse che compongono queste monete.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leghe_di_nichel">Leghe di nichel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Leghe di nichel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Leghe di nichel"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il nichel è un elemento che presenta le seguenti caratteristiche </p> <ul><li>elevata duttilità;</li> <li>ottima resistenza alla corrosione in ambienti ricchi di cloruri;</li> <li>ottima resistenza meccanica ad alte temperature.</li></ul> <p>Con l'aggiunta di alcuni elementi di lega è possibile enfatizzare alcune di queste proprietà. Ad esempio l'aggiunta di <a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">molibdeno</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo">cromo</a> aumenta la resistenza alla corrosione della lega. </p><p>Una comune applicazione delle leghe di nichel è nei materiali strutturali impiegati nella costruzione dei <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_turbogas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo turbogas">turbogas</a> poiché in questi impianti coesistono condizioni molto avverse per i materiali quali: alte temperature, ambiente corrosivo e alte sollecitazioni. </p><p>Si evidenziano in particolare tre diverse leghe di nichel: </p> <ol><li>Nichel commercialmente puro;</li> <li>Leghe nichel-cromo;</li> <li>Leghe nichel-cromo-ferro.</li></ol> <p>Il nichel commercialmente puro è identificato solitamente con una numerazioni standard (Es: 200, 201, 270). Queste leghe sono induribili mediante incrudimento, a queste leghe vengono spesso aggiunti particolari alliganti quali <a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio">alluminio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">titanio</a> al fine di migliorare le capacità meccaniche. </p><p>Le leghe di nichel-cromo, chiamate anche <i>nimonic</i>, sono costituite generalmente da circa l'80% di nichel e da circa il 20% di cromo, più piccole percentuali di altri alliganti; sono leghe con le seguenti proprietà </p> <ul><li>Ottima resistenza alla corrosione dovuta anche alla presenza del cromo che ossidando genera una patina protettiva sulla superficie del pezzo;</li> <li>Basso carico di snervamento.</li></ul> <p>Le leghe nichel-cromo-ferro (<i>inconel</i> o <i>hastelloy</i> a seconda degli elementi di lega disciolti) sono leghe solitamente composte da circa il 70% di nichel, il 20% di cromo, il 10% di <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> più piccole percentuali di altri alliganti. Il ferro in particolare serve a sostituire il nichel che risulta essere molto più costoso. In particolare le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hastelloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hastelloy (la pagina non esiste)">hastelloy</a> (forte presenza di molibdeno) risultano particolarmente efficaci nella resistenza alla corrosione. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Cupronichel" title="Cupronichel">cupronichel</a> sono le leghe di <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a> in cui il nichel è il principale elemento aggiunto. Sono caratterizzate da un'ottima resistenza alla corrosione in ambienti marini (si usano in impianti di dissalazione e condensatori marini); notevole è la resistenza meccanica, in particolare all'erosione. Le monete da 1 e 2 euro sono composte da 2 cupronichel: la lega CuNi25, bianca, formata da rame con un 25% di nichel e la lega CuZn5Ni20, detta anche ottone al nichel, gialla, formata da rame con un 5% di zinco e un 20% di nichel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> G. Deiana e M. V. Crivelli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e Mineralogia</span>, collana <span style="font-style:italic;">Principia Naturae</span>, Vol. 3, Società Editrice Internazionale, 1961, p. 366.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Michell J. Sienko e Robert A. Plane, <span style="font-style:italic;">CHIMICA Principi e proprietà</span>, traduzione di Antonino Fava, Piccin, 1980, p. 485, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-212-0861-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-212-0861-3">88-212-0861-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Canonica, <span style="font-style:italic;">Elementi di Chimica e Mineralogia</span>, 4ª ed., Principato, 1965, p. 176.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) G. V. Samsonov, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7_7"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mechanical Properties of the Elements</span></a>, Springer US, 1968, pp. 387–446, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-6066-7_7">10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7_7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4684-6066-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4684-6066-7">978-1-4684-6066-7</a>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781498754293"><span style="font-style:italic;">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</span></a>, 97ª ed., CRC Press, 24 giugno 2016, 12-216, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1201%2F9781315380476">10.1201/9781315380476</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-315-38047-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-315-38047-6">978-1-315-38047-6</a>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lksteelpipe.com/news/what-is-the-difference-between-pure-nickel-and-64918764.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">What Is The Difference Between Pure Nickel And Nickel Alloys? You Will Know After Reading It - News - News</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.lksteelpipe.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) G. E. Gardam, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00202967.1966.11870007"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Colours of Some Metals and Alloys</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Transactions of the IMF</span>, vol. 44, n. 1, 1966-01, pp. 186–188, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F00202967.1966.11870007">10.1080/00202967.1966.11870007</a>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Ottavio Lurati, <span style="font-style:italic;">Toponymie et géologie</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Quaderni di semantica</span>, 2, anno XXIX, dicembre 2008, p. 446.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Atkins" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <i>Chimica Generale</i> p.623; <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808152766" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-15276-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Effettivamente, vengono indicate con questo nome tutte le monete di piccolo taglio a base di nichel, come anche quella da 20 centesimi di <a href="/wiki/Lira_italiana" title="Lira italiana">lira</a>, coniata da re <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_di_Savoia" title="Umberto I di Savoia">Umberto I di Savoia</a>. <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://numismatica-italiana.lamoneta.it/moneta.php/W-U1/4"><span style="font-style:italic;">lamoneta.it</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">numismatica-italiana.lamoneta.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSCS2012-11"><a href="#cite_ref-USGSCS2012_11-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Peter H. Kuck, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/nickel/mcs-2012-nicke.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2012: Nickel</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">minerals.usgs.gov</span>, United States Geological Survey. <small>URL consultato il 19 novembre 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf">Statistiche sulla produzione di nichel por USGS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/028.59/index.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for nickel-59 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) G. Audi, F. G. Kondev e Meng Wang, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001"><span style="font-style:italic;">The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Chinese Physics C</span>, vol. 41, n. 3, 2017-03, pp. 030001, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2F41%2F3%2F030001">10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Livechart - Table of Nuclides - Nuclear structure and decay data</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www-nds.iaea.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> E. Rukhadze, V.B. Brudanin e A.A. Klimenko, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1342/1/012041"><span style="font-style:italic;">Investigation of double beta decay of 58 Ni at the Modane Underground Laboratory</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Physics: Conference Series</span>, vol. 1342, n. 1, 1º gennaio 2020, pp. 012041, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F1342%2F1%2F012041">10.1088/1742-6596/1342/1/012041</a>. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> E. Rukhadze, V. Brudanin e L. Fajt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4928015"><span style="font-style:italic;">Investigations of 2β decay of 106Cd and 58Ni with HPGe spectrometer OBELIX</span></a>, 2015, pp. 130005, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.4928015">10.1063/1.4928015</a>. <small>URL consultato il 17 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physicsworld.com/a/nailing-the-half-life-of-iron-60/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nailing the half-life of iron-60 – Physics World</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">physicsworld.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/ni_iig.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">USGS -- Isotope Tracers -- Resources</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) N. Jansen, D. Walcher e P. Gütlich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02458896"><span style="font-style:italic;">Application of 61Ni Mössbauer spectroscopy to chemical problems</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Il Nuovo Cimento D</span>, vol. 18, n. 2-3, 1996-02, pp. 231–235, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02458896">10.1007/BF02458896</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) B.W. Dale, R.J. Dickinson e R.V. 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Michel e A.-C. Bonraisin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/ract.2011.1821/html"><span style="font-style:italic;">One step purification process for no-carrier-added 64 Cu produced using enriched nickel target</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">ract</span>, vol. 99, n. 10, 2011-10, pp. 627–630, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1524%2Fract.2011.1821">10.1524/ract.2011.1821</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/029.64/index.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for copper-64 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/029.64/index.full.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for copper-64 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/028.54/index.full.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for nickel-54 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Skyy V. Pineda, Kristian König e Dominic M. Rossi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.182503"><span style="font-style:italic;">Charge Radius of Neutron-Deficient Ni 54 and Symmetry Energy Constraints Using the Difference in Mirror Pair Charge Radii</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Physical Review Letters</span>, vol. 127, n. 18, 29 ottobre 2021, pp. 182503, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.127.182503">10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.182503</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/028.55/index.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for nickel-55 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 aprile 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> F. Hoyle e William A. Fowler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960ApJ...132..565H"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nucleosynthesis in Supernovae.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Astrophysical Journal</span>, vol. 132, 1º novembre 1960, pp. 565, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F146963">10.1086/146963</a>. <small>URL consultato il 17 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/028.56/index.full.dm.prod.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for nickel-56 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/027.56/index.full.dm.prod.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for cobalt-56 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> John C. 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Tölgyesi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026214310645"><span style="font-style:italic;">Determination of soft X-ray emitting isotopes in radioactive liquid wastes of nuclear power plants</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry</span>, vol. 258, n. 1, 1º settembre 2003, pp. 107–112, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1026214310645">10.1023/A:1026214310645</a>. <small>URL consultato il 12 aprile 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/ni_iig.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">USGS -- Isotope Tracers -- Resources</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 aprile 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Livechart - Table of Nuclides - Nuclear structure and decay data</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www-nds.iaea.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) M.L. Carboneau e J.P. Adams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/31669-RfBUBr/webviewable/"><span style="font-style:italic;">National Low-Level Waste Management Program Radionuclide Report Series. Volume 10, Nickel-63</span></a>, DOE/LLW--126, 31669, 1º febbraio 1995, pp. DOE/LLW––126, 31669, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2172%2F31669">10.2172/31669</a>. <small>URL consultato il 18 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/028.66/index.dm.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Isotope data for nickel-66 in the Periodic Table</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodictable.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Glenstar Ventures Inc, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glenstar.ca/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Glenstar Ventures Inc.</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Glenstar Ventures Inc.</span>. <small>URL consultato il 31 ottobre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">scheda del nichel in polvere su <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis-database.dguv.de/data?name=008230"><span style="font-style:italic;">IFA-GESTIS</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gestis-database.dguv.de</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Claudio Butticè, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16322599/Nickel_Compounds"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nickel Compounds</span></a>, in Colditz, Graham A. (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">The SAGE Encyclopedia of Cancer and Society</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup>, Seconda Edizione, Thousand Oak, SAGE Publications, Inc., 2015, pp. 828–831, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781483345734." title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781483345734.">9781483345734.</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanitas.it/malattie/allergia-al-nichel/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Allergia al nichel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Humanitas</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_45-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_45-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/news020909-9"><span style="font-style:italic;">High nickel release from 1- and 2-euro coins</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Nature</span>, 12 settembre 2002, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews020909-9">10.1038/news020909-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Francesco Borgese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=9uNyAAAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gli elementi della tavola periodica. Rinvenimento, proprietà, usi. Prontuario chimico, fisico, geologico</span></a>, Roma, CISU, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1">88-7975-077-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTavola_periodica_e_proprietà_degli_elementi" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> R. Barbucci, A. Sabatini e P. Dapporto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022060832/http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tavola periodica e proprietà degli elementi</span></a>, Firenze, Edizioni V. Morelli, 1998 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html">url originale</abbr> il 22 ottobre 2010)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leghe_di_nichel" title="Leghe di nichel">Leghe di nichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichel_nativo" title="Nichel nativo">Nichel nativo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichelatura" title="Nichelatura">Nichelatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a> – mercato dei metalli non ferrosi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrato_di_nichel" title="Nitrato di nichel">Nitrato di nichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solfato_di_nichel" title="Solfato di nichel">Solfato di nichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindrome_da_allergia_sistemica_al_nichel" title="Sindrome da allergia sistemica al nichel">Sindrome da allergia sistemica al nichel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/nickel" class="extiw" title="wikt:nickel">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Nickel"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nickel?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/nickel" class="extiw" title="wikt:nickel">nickel</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nickel?uselang=it">nichel</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/nichel"><span style="font-style:italic;">nichel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/nickel-chemical-element"><span style="font-style:italic;">nickel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_canadese" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nickel/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nichel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_canadese" title="Enciclopedia canadese">Enciclopedia canadese</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744#P5395" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ni/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ni</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">WebElements.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ni.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ni</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v419/n6903/abs/419132a_fs.html&filetype=&_UserReference=C0A804ED4653F39333F43C407C6F3D7FE5CE"><span style="font-style:italic;">Articolo su "Nature" sul nichel emesso dalle monete dell'euro</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nature.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216202904/http://www.lme.co.uk/"><span style="font-style:italic;">London Metal Exchange</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lme.co.uk</span>. <small>URL consultato il 27 aprile 2019</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.lme.co.uk">url originale</abbr> il 16 dicembre 2008)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207161120/http://verna.blog.tiscali.it/Allergia_al_nickel_1750718.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Allergia al Nickel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">verna.blog.tiscali.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2008</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://verna.blog.tiscali.it//Allergia_al_nickel_1750718.shtml">url originale</abbr> il 7 febbraio 2009)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Elementi_chimici"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">O</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro">F</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Na</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">Mg</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio">Al</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio">Si</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">P</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Zolfo" title="Zolfo">S</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">K</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)">Ca</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandio" title="Scandio">Sc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio">V</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo">Cr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">Fe</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">Co</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ni</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">Cu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">Zn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Gallio (elemento chimico)">Ga</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Ge</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenico" title="Arsenico">As</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Selenio" title="Selenio">Se</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">Br</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">Rb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Stronzio" title="Stronzio">Sr</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio">Y</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconio" title="Zirconio">Zr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio">Nb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">Mo</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tecnezio" title="Tecnezio">Tc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio">Ru</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio">Rh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Palladio (elemento chimico)">Pd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argento" title="Argento">Ag</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cadmio" title="Cadmio">Cd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indio" title="Indio">In</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Stagno_(elemento_chimico)" title="Stagno (elemento chimico)">Sn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Sb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Tellurio" title="Tellurio">Te</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio">I</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">Xe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesio" title="Cesio">Cs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Ba</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantanio" title="Lantanio">La</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio">Ce</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio">Pr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodimio" title="Neodimio">Nd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promezio" title="Promezio">Pm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samario" title="Samario">Sm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europio" title="Europio">Eu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio">Gd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbio" title="Terbio">Tb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Disprosio" title="Disprosio">Dy</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Olmio" title="Olmio">Ho</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio">Er</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio">Tm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Itterbio" title="Itterbio">Yb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutezio" title="Lutezio">Lu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio">Hf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalio" title="Tantalio">Ta</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno">W</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio">Re</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio">Os</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio">Ir</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platino" title="Platino">Pt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">Au</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">Hg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio">Tl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">Pb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio">Po</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato">At</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio">Fr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)">Ra</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Attinio" title="Attinio">Ac</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio">Th</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio">Pa</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">U</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nettunio" title="Nettunio">Np</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">Pu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americio" title="Americio">Am</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio">Cm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio">Bk</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio">Cf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio">Es</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio">Fm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio">Md</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio">No</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio">Lr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio">Rf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio">Db</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio">Sg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio">Bh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio">Hs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio">Mt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio">Ds</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio">Rg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio">Cn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio">Nh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio">Fl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio">Mc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">Lv</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso">Ts</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio">Uue</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio">Ubn</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC; width:20px">Ubu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ube</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uth</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uts</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uto</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ute</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqe</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upt</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> Suddivisioni della tavola periodica: <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">Periodi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">Blocchi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">Metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metalloide" title="Metalloide">Metalloidi</a> (semimetalli)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Non_metallo" title="Non metallo">Non metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Attinoidi" title="Attinoidi">Attinoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_transuranici" title="Elementi transuranici">Elementi transuranici</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=20098">20098</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85091772">sh85091772</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042133-8">4042133-8</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119445481">cb119445481</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119445481">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531440305171">987007531440305171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568497">00568497</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" 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