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China’s property crisis sees homeowners scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace | South China Morning Post
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But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”\nFor many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier.\nJiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan.\n“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”\nA research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned.\n\n\nMeanwhile, China’s medium- and long-term new yuan loans among households, comprising mostly mortgages, totalled 51.4 billion yuan in May, or 117 billion yuan less than the same period a year prior, according to another research note from Guotai Junan Securities on Tuesday.\nThe early-repayment rate and falling new-mortgage-loan data reflect the trend of China’s household deleveraging, despite recent government efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories.\nGary Ng, senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Bank, said that the impact of Beijing’s latest support measures remains to be seen as China’s homeowners might have turned to safer investments such as bank deposits and government bonds.\n“The measures can help channel financing to property developers, but we will need to see if it leads to significant growth in new property sales,” Ng said.\nStella Fu, a human resources manager in Guangzhou, managed to repay her remaining mortgage loan of 400,000 yuan two months ago by selling stocks and other financial products, and by borrowing money from her in-laws. Now her family’s monthly mortgage payment has dropped from more than 7,000 yuan to less than 4,000 yuan.\n“This choice was intuitive and required no hesitation,” Fu said. “My commercial loan’s annual interest rate is close to 5 per cent, while my family’s investment return rate dropped from nearly double digits a few years ago to less than 2.3 per cent last year, including wealth-management products, funds, and stocks.”\nThe possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment\nBank customer service manager\nMichelle Lam, Greater China economist at Societe Generale, expects the deleveraging trend in the household sector to continue, as the property market has yet to bottom out.\n“The pickup in total social financing in May was primarily due to government bond issuance, while credit growth to households, by our calculations, slowed to 4.4 per cent from 4.8 per cent in April,” Lam said. “The reason is the weak housing market and consumer sentiment, which have also prompted households to pay pack mortgage loans early.”\nAnnual growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, picked up slightly to 8.4 per cent in May from a record low of 8.3 per cent in April, according to data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) released on Friday.\nBut credit demand from households and companies remained weak in China, PBOC data also showed. The growth rate of the M1 money supply, which covers cash and deposits used for immediate transactions, and the M2 supply, which includes more savings deposits, fell to record lows in May.\n“The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment,” said a customer service manager from a Guangzhou branch of the Agricultural Bank of China. “Currently, the application process takes about one to two months.”\nOn Monday, China’s central bank kept the rate on one-year policy loans – the so-called medium-term lending facility – steady at 2.5 per cent, in line with expectations that the PBOC is prioritising the steadying of the yuan exchange rate as the currency has come under depreciation pressure from a strengthening US dollar.\n\n\n\n\nWith China facing “lacklustre demand”, Lam at Societe Generale said: “What the PBOC can do is probably cut rates further, but they may not be willing to do it quickly given the focus on foreign exchange stability. It’s even more important for policymakers to stabilise the property market to shore up confidence.”\nLast month, the Chinese government announced a new suite of policies to restore the property market, including lowering the minimum down-payment ratio for first-time homebuyers to 15 per cent, and to 25 per cent for residents’ second home purchases.\nOther measures include setting a 300 billion yuan relending pool, and allowing local governments and state-owned enterprises to buy unsold land and housing from distressed developers.\nOn Monday, government data showed that new home prices in China extended a decline in May, falling by the most in nearly 10 years as the government’s rescue package has yet to make an impact.\nMeanwhile, some families have said that even though they want to pay off their mortgages early, they simply do not have the money to do so.\n“I already made some early repayments at the beginning of last year, at a minimum of 50,000 yuan each time,” said Zhang Jing, a Shenzhen-based exporting trader. “But the problem is that I haven’t had any surplus money to do it again. It has become increasingly difficult to scrape together enough money to make the monthly payment each month.”\n","articleSection":"Economic Indicators","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"He Huifeng","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/he-huifeng"},"dateCreated":"2024-06-18T18:33:04+08:00","dateModified":"2024-06-18T21:00:15+08:00","datePublished":"2024-06-18T21:00:15+08:00","description":"Celine Jiang, a university teacher in Guangzhou, is trying to sell her two-bedroom flat as quickly as possible to pay off the loan for a bigger unit she purchased at the end of 2022 for 12 million yuan (US$1.65 million).","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".paywalled-content","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"China’s property crisis sees homeowners scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":1333},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/92f66449-8172-40ef-a982-a3f4d10ec418_e171472c.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2000}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Guangdong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3267105/chinas-property-crisis-sees-homeowners-scramble-pay-mortgages-record-pace","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div 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data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China property</a></div><div class=" er6t7fe20 css-1xdhyk6 e1047c925" data-qa="ArticleSections-SectionContainer"><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economy</span><span data-qa="ArticleSections-render-SectionTagsSpacer" class="css-176a798 e1047c920"></span></a><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy/economic-indicators?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economic Indicators</span></a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Headline" class="css-hdf8vf ea45u6l21"><h1 class="er6t7fe5 css-1u8qly9 e298i0d3" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s property crisis sees homeowners scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" class="css-dfnclb ea45u6l20"><h3 class="er6t7fe4 css-19mvk5a e1ql5f172" data-qa="ContentSubHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><ul data-qa="ContentSchemaRender-defaultRenderMapFunctions-Component-0" class="css-1mniedq ex3nmsa12"><li data-qa="ContentSchemaRender-defaultRenderMapFunctions-Component-0" class="css-1mniedq ex3nmsa11">Data on early repayments and new mortgage loans does not bode well for China’s efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories</li> </ul></h3></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Sponsor" class="css-1qzrjqn ea45u6l19"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ReadingTime" class="css-1ic67f3 ea45u6l18"><div class=" er6t7fe21 css-1cyqcxd e17crirv0" data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-Container"><span>Reading Time:</span><strong data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-strong">4 minutes</strong></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><a target="_blank" class=" ea45u6l31 e15mxrzj0 css-1p9kdgq e1llv60l0" 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e1llv60l0" href="/author/amanda-lee" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Amanda Lee</a><span data-qa="AuthorNames-renderLocations-AuthorLocation" class="css-1sn2av9 eybiz6w0">in <!-- -->Hong Kong</span></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe27 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-06-18T13:00:15.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->9:00pm, 18 Jun 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Celine Jiang, a university teacher in Guangzhou, is trying to sell her two-bedroom flat as quickly as possible to pay off the loan for a bigger unit she purchased at the end of 2022 for 12 million yuan (US$1.65 million).</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“Like most ordinary Chinese people, I used to think housing prices and the economy would always go up. But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">For many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Jiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”</p><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">A research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned.</p></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" 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styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleArticle on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n 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images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleArticle on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n 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A graduate of the London School of Economics, she joined the Post in 2017 and has previously worked for Thomson Reuters and Forbes.\r\n","socialLinks":[{"class":"email","title":"","url":"mailto:amanda.lee@scmp.com"}],"role":{"text":"Correspondent, Political Economy\n"},"areaOfExpertise":["Markets, economy"]}],"headline":"China’s property crisis sees homeowners scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace","socialHeadline":"China’s property crisis sparks scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace","images":[{"generic_og":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=eEbGC65w\u0026v=1718706784"},"styles":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_posties_article/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=hyO_oWeh\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_posties_article"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_postmag/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=rfdkCI2v\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_postmag"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_analysis/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=U0xNZ7tJ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_analysis"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_explainer/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=9NhgQ4aQ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_explainer"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_editorial/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=I8BbBOLN\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_editorial"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_fact_check/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=s4_sb_3u\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_fact_check"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_debate/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=gTKO4YC0\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_debate"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_live/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=8MZRtKIT\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_live"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_obituary/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=NCa0yjhQ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_obituary"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_opinion/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=2NIpAhjL\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_opinion"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_review/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=888_g9tf\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_review"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_series/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=D9n5gZE4\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_series"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=eEbGC65w\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_generic"}],"type":"default","style":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=sXfwBbwk\u0026v=1718706784"},"title":"Some analysts say the impact remains to be seen from China’s latest measures to support the housing market. 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But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”\nFor many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier.\nJiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan.\n“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”\nA research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned.\n\n\nMeanwhile, China’s medium- and long-term new yuan loans among households, comprising mostly mortgages, totalled 51.4 billion yuan in May, or 117 billion yuan less than the same period a year prior, according to another research note from Guotai Junan Securities on Tuesday.\nThe early-repayment rate and falling new-mortgage-loan data reflect the trend of China’s household deleveraging, despite recent government efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories.\nGary Ng, senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Bank, said that the impact of Beijing’s latest support measures remains to be seen as China’s homeowners might have turned to safer investments such as bank deposits and government bonds.\n“The measures can help channel financing to property developers, but we will need to see if it leads to significant growth in new property sales,” Ng said.\nStella Fu, a human resources manager in Guangzhou, managed to repay her remaining mortgage loan of 400,000 yuan two months ago by selling stocks and other financial products, and by borrowing money from her in-laws. Now her family’s monthly mortgage payment has dropped from more than 7,000 yuan to less than 4,000 yuan.\n“This choice was intuitive and required no hesitation,” Fu said. “My commercial loan’s annual interest rate is close to 5 per cent, while my family’s investment return rate dropped from nearly double digits a few years ago to less than 2.3 per cent last year, including wealth-management products, funds, and stocks.”\nThe possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment\nBank customer service manager\nMichelle Lam, Greater China economist at Societe Generale, expects the deleveraging trend in the household sector to continue, as the property market has yet to bottom out.\n“The pickup in total social financing in May was primarily due to government bond issuance, while credit growth to households, by our calculations, slowed to 4.4 per cent from 4.8 per cent in April,” Lam said. “The reason is the weak housing market and consumer sentiment, which have also prompted households to pay pack mortgage loans early.”\nAnnual growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, picked up slightly to 8.4 per cent in May from a record low of 8.3 per cent in April, according to data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) released on Friday.\nBut credit demand from households and companies remained weak in China, PBOC data also showed. The growth rate of the M1 money supply, which covers cash and deposits used for immediate transactions, and the M2 supply, which includes more savings deposits, fell to record lows in May.\n“The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment,” said a customer service manager from a Guangzhou branch of the Agricultural Bank of China. “Currently, the application process takes about one to two months.”\nOn Monday, China’s central bank kept the rate on one-year policy loans – the so-called medium-term lending facility – steady at 2.5 per cent, in line with expectations that the PBOC is prioritising the steadying of the yuan exchange rate as the currency has come under depreciation pressure from a strengthening US dollar.\n\n\n\n\nWith China facing “lacklustre demand”, Lam at Societe Generale said: “What the PBOC can do is probably cut rates further, but they may not be willing to do it quickly given the focus on foreign exchange stability. It’s even more important for policymakers to stabilise the property market to shore up confidence.”\nLast month, the Chinese government announced a new suite of policies to restore the property market, including lowering the minimum down-payment ratio for first-time homebuyers to 15 per cent, and to 25 per cent for residents’ second home purchases.\nOther measures include setting a 300 billion yuan relending pool, and allowing local governments and state-owned enterprises to buy unsold land and housing from distressed developers.\nOn Monday, government data showed that new home prices in China extended a decline in May, falling by the most in nearly 10 years as the government’s rescue package has yet to make an impact.\nMeanwhile, some families have said that even though they want to pay off their mortgages early, they simply do not have the money to do so.\n“I already made some early repayments at the beginning of last year, at a minimum of 50,000 yuan each time,” said Zhang Jing, a Shenzhen-based exporting trader. “But the problem is that I haven’t had any surplus money to do it again. It has become increasingly difficult to scrape together enough money to make the monthly payment each month.”\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Celine Jiang, a university teacher in Guangzhou, is trying to sell her two-bedroom flat as quickly as possible to pay off the loan for a bigger unit she purchased at the end of 2022 for 12 million yuan (US$1.65 million)."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Like most ordinary Chinese people, I used to think housing prices and the economy would always go up. But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"For many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ug2Eeflo5ao?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Anger mounts as China's property debt crisis leaves flats unfinished","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=0XRoVSev","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=1MC1r9Ts","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg","data-duration":"04:49","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3234971","data-youtube-id":"Ug2Eeflo5ao"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, China’s medium- and long-term new yuan loans among households, comprising mostly mortgages, totalled 51.4 billion yuan in May, or 117 billion yuan less than the same period a year prior, according to another research note from Guotai Junan Securities on Tuesday."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The early-repayment rate and falling new-mortgage-loan data reflect the trend of China’s household deleveraging, despite recent government efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Gary Ng, senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Bank, said that the impact of Beijing’s latest support measures remains to be seen as China’s homeowners might have turned to safer investments such as bank deposits and government bonds."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The measures can help channel financing to property developers, but we will need to see if it leads to significant growth in new property sales,” Ng said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Stella Fu, a human resources manager in Guangzhou, managed to repay her remaining mortgage loan of 400,000 yuan two months ago by selling stocks and other financial products, and by borrowing money from her in-laws. Now her family’s monthly mortgage payment has dropped from more than 7,000 yuan to less than 4,000 yuan."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“This choice was intuitive and required no hesitation,” Fu said. “My commercial loan’s annual interest rate is close to 5 per cent, while my family’s investment return rate dropped from nearly double digits a few years ago to less than 2.3 per cent last year, including wealth-management products, funds, and stocks.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment"},{"type":"text","data":"Bank customer service manager"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Michelle Lam, Greater China economist at Societe Generale, expects the deleveraging trend in the household sector to continue, as the property market has yet to bottom out."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The pickup in total social financing in May was primarily due to government bond issuance, while credit growth to households, by our calculations, slowed to 4.4 per cent from 4.8 per cent in April,” Lam said. “The reason is the weak housing market and consumer sentiment, which have also prompted households to pay pack mortgage loans early.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Annual growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, picked up slightly to 8.4 per cent in May from a record low of 8.3 per cent in April, according to data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) released on Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But credit demand from households and companies remained weak in China, PBOC data also showed. The growth rate of the M1 money supply, which covers cash and deposits used for immediate transactions, and the M2 supply, which includes more savings deposits, fell to record lows in May."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment,” said a customer service manager from a Guangzhou branch of the Agricultural Bank of China. “Currently, the application process takes about one to two months.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, China’s central bank kept the rate on one-year policy loans – the so-called medium-term lending facility – steady at 2.5 per cent, in line with expectations that the PBOC is prioritising the steadying of the yuan exchange rate as the currency has come under depreciation pressure from a strengthening US dollar."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"","height":"420","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/Dollar-Yuan-Exchange-Rate/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"With China facing “lacklustre demand”, Lam at Societe Generale said: “What the PBOC can do is probably cut rates further, but they may not be willing to do it quickly given the focus on foreign exchange stability. It’s even more important for policymakers to stabilise the property market to shore up confidence.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Last month, the Chinese government announced a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3266633/chinese-government-rushes-shore-struggling-property-sector-new-policies","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"198ba7b2-156a-4f5b-a065-45f0dea2bec9","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"new suite of policies"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to restore the property market, including lowering the minimum down-payment ratio for first-time homebuyers to 15 per cent, and to 25 per cent for residents’ second home purchases."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Other measures include setting a 300 billion yuan relending pool, and allowing local governments and state-owned enterprises to buy unsold land and housing from distressed developers."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, government data showed that new "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-property?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3b636a68-f4f1-4680-8712-465963d7ca9f","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"home prices in China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" extended a decline in May, falling by the most in nearly 10 years as the government’s rescue package has yet to make an impact."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, some families have said that even though they want to pay off their mortgages early, they simply do not have the money to do so."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I already made some early repayments at the beginning of last year, at a minimum of 50,000 yuan each time,” said Zhang Jing, a Shenzhen-based exporting trader. “But the problem is that I haven’t had any surplus money to do it again. 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She has gained an in-depth knowledge of political, economic and social issues in mainland China through years of close observation, which has given her a love for journalism in the field.\r\n","socialLinks":[{"class":"email","title":"","url":"mailto:huifeng.he@scmp.com"}],"role":{"text":"Correspondent, Political Economy\n"},"areaOfExpertise":["Reporting, writing\t\r\n"]},{"types":[],"id":"QXV0aG9yOjkwNmY2YmMxLWRmYTEtNDc1NC1hNTA2LTMwOTZlZDU2OGI4OA==","entityId":"12416","name":"Amanda Lee","location":"Hong Kong","__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Author","__typename":"Author","entityUuid":"906f6bc1-dfa1-4754-a506-3096ed568b88","urlAlias":"/author/amanda-lee","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"disableFollow":false,"image":{"style":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/300x300/public/images/author/pic/2017/09/22/scmp_01jun17_bz_mugshot2_nora9096a.jpg?itok=ByS0lVkG"}},"bio":"Amanda Lee covers markets and the economy for the Post, with an interest in China's economic and social landscape. A graduate of the London School of Economics, she joined the Post in 2017 and has previously worked for Thomson Reuters and Forbes.\r\n","socialLinks":[{"class":"email","title":"","url":"mailto:amanda.lee@scmp.com"}],"role":{"text":"Correspondent, Political Economy\n"},"areaOfExpertise":["Markets, economy"]}],"headline":"China’s property crisis sees homeowners scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace","socialHeadline":"China’s property crisis sparks scramble to pay off mortgages at record pace","images":[{"generic_og":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=eEbGC65w\u0026v=1718706784"},"styles":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_posties_article/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=hyO_oWeh\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_posties_article"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_postmag/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=rfdkCI2v\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_postmag"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_analysis/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=U0xNZ7tJ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_analysis"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_explainer/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=9NhgQ4aQ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_explainer"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_editorial/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=I8BbBOLN\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_editorial"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_fact_check/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=s4_sb_3u\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_fact_check"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_debate/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=gTKO4YC0\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_debate"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_live/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=8MZRtKIT\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_live"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_obituary/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=NCa0yjhQ\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_obituary"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_opinion/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=2NIpAhjL\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_opinion"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_review/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=888_g9tf\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_review"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_series/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=D9n5gZE4\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_series"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=eEbGC65w\u0026v=1718706784","style":"og_image_scmp_generic"}],"type":"default","style":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/18/9d29a70d-65d5-4f76-ab01-7c17cb4e5b4c_fd8b9220.jpg?itok=sXfwBbwk\u0026v=1718706784"},"title":"Some analysts say the impact remains to be seen from China’s latest measures to support the housing market. 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But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”\nFor many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier.\nJiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan.\n“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”\nA research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned.\n\n\nMeanwhile, China’s medium- and long-term new yuan loans among households, comprising mostly mortgages, totalled 51.4 billion yuan in May, or 117 billion yuan less than the same period a year prior, according to another research note from Guotai Junan Securities on Tuesday.\nThe early-repayment rate and falling new-mortgage-loan data reflect the trend of China’s household deleveraging, despite recent government efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories.\nGary Ng, senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Bank, said that the impact of Beijing’s latest support measures remains to be seen as China’s homeowners might have turned to safer investments such as bank deposits and government bonds.\n“The measures can help channel financing to property developers, but we will need to see if it leads to significant growth in new property sales,” Ng said.\nStella Fu, a human resources manager in Guangzhou, managed to repay her remaining mortgage loan of 400,000 yuan two months ago by selling stocks and other financial products, and by borrowing money from her in-laws. Now her family’s monthly mortgage payment has dropped from more than 7,000 yuan to less than 4,000 yuan.\n“This choice was intuitive and required no hesitation,” Fu said. “My commercial loan’s annual interest rate is close to 5 per cent, while my family’s investment return rate dropped from nearly double digits a few years ago to less than 2.3 per cent last year, including wealth-management products, funds, and stocks.”\nThe possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment\nBank customer service manager\nMichelle Lam, Greater China economist at Societe Generale, expects the deleveraging trend in the household sector to continue, as the property market has yet to bottom out.\n“The pickup in total social financing in May was primarily due to government bond issuance, while credit growth to households, by our calculations, slowed to 4.4 per cent from 4.8 per cent in April,” Lam said. “The reason is the weak housing market and consumer sentiment, which have also prompted households to pay pack mortgage loans early.”\nAnnual growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, picked up slightly to 8.4 per cent in May from a record low of 8.3 per cent in April, according to data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) released on Friday.\nBut credit demand from households and companies remained weak in China, PBOC data also showed. The growth rate of the M1 money supply, which covers cash and deposits used for immediate transactions, and the M2 supply, which includes more savings deposits, fell to record lows in May.\n“The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment,” said a customer service manager from a Guangzhou branch of the Agricultural Bank of China. “Currently, the application process takes about one to two months.”\nOn Monday, China’s central bank kept the rate on one-year policy loans – the so-called medium-term lending facility – steady at 2.5 per cent, in line with expectations that the PBOC is prioritising the steadying of the yuan exchange rate as the currency has come under depreciation pressure from a strengthening US dollar.\n\n\n\n\nWith China facing “lacklustre demand”, Lam at Societe Generale said: “What the PBOC can do is probably cut rates further, but they may not be willing to do it quickly given the focus on foreign exchange stability. It’s even more important for policymakers to stabilise the property market to shore up confidence.”\nLast month, the Chinese government announced a new suite of policies to restore the property market, including lowering the minimum down-payment ratio for first-time homebuyers to 15 per cent, and to 25 per cent for residents’ second home purchases.\nOther measures include setting a 300 billion yuan relending pool, and allowing local governments and state-owned enterprises to buy unsold land and housing from distressed developers.\nOn Monday, government data showed that new home prices in China extended a decline in May, falling by the most in nearly 10 years as the government’s rescue package has yet to make an impact.\nMeanwhile, some families have said that even though they want to pay off their mortgages early, they simply do not have the money to do so.\n“I already made some early repayments at the beginning of last year, at a minimum of 50,000 yuan each time,” said Zhang Jing, a Shenzhen-based exporting trader. “But the problem is that I haven’t had any surplus money to do it again. It has become increasingly difficult to scrape together enough money to make the monthly payment each month.”\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Celine Jiang, a university teacher in Guangzhou, is trying to sell her two-bedroom flat as quickly as possible to pay off the loan for a bigger unit she purchased at the end of 2022 for 12 million yuan (US$1.65 million)."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Like most ordinary Chinese people, I used to think housing prices and the economy would always go up. But now, the housing market has taken a sharp turn, and prices are continuing to fall,” Jiang said. “For me, the mortgage interest rate is too high, and I don’t have better investment options, so why not pay back the mortgage?”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"For many households, investment expectations and risk assessments have drastically changed over the past two years. And with increasingly sluggish returns on various investments, many Chinese families are looking to repay their loans earlier."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jiang hopes to sell her small flat for about 5 million yuan and use all of the proceeds to pay off the bigger house, which is now worth only about 9 million yuan."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We bought this large apartment with plans to have a second child and live with my parents,” Jiang said. “Now … maybe the financial pressure is affecting our mood, and the child has not been conceived, yet.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A research note from Guotai Junan Securities on June 6 said that the nation’s early-repayment rate of mortgages hit a historic high of 37 per cent in April, reflecting residents’ rising interest in freeing themselves of the financial burden faster than they had planned."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ug2Eeflo5ao?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Anger mounts as China's property debt crisis leaves flats unfinished","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=0XRoVSev","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=1MC1r9Ts","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/09/18/clean-thumb_0.jpg","data-duration":"04:49","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3234971","data-youtube-id":"Ug2Eeflo5ao"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, China’s medium- and long-term new yuan loans among households, comprising mostly mortgages, totalled 51.4 billion yuan in May, or 117 billion yuan less than the same period a year prior, according to another research note from Guotai Junan Securities on Tuesday."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The early-repayment rate and falling new-mortgage-loan data reflect the trend of China’s household deleveraging, despite recent government efforts to stimulate housing demand and absorb inventories."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Gary Ng, senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Bank, said that the impact of Beijing’s latest support measures remains to be seen as China’s homeowners might have turned to safer investments such as bank deposits and government bonds."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The measures can help channel financing to property developers, but we will need to see if it leads to significant growth in new property sales,” Ng said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Stella Fu, a human resources manager in Guangzhou, managed to repay her remaining mortgage loan of 400,000 yuan two months ago by selling stocks and other financial products, and by borrowing money from her in-laws. Now her family’s monthly mortgage payment has dropped from more than 7,000 yuan to less than 4,000 yuan."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“This choice was intuitive and required no hesitation,” Fu said. “My commercial loan’s annual interest rate is close to 5 per cent, while my family’s investment return rate dropped from nearly double digits a few years ago to less than 2.3 per cent last year, including wealth-management products, funds, and stocks.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment"},{"type":"text","data":"Bank customer service manager"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Michelle Lam, Greater China economist at Societe Generale, expects the deleveraging trend in the household sector to continue, as the property market has yet to bottom out."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The pickup in total social financing in May was primarily due to government bond issuance, while credit growth to households, by our calculations, slowed to 4.4 per cent from 4.8 per cent in April,” Lam said. “The reason is the weak housing market and consumer sentiment, which have also prompted households to pay pack mortgage loans early.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Annual growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, picked up slightly to 8.4 per cent in May from a record low of 8.3 per cent in April, according to data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) released on Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But credit demand from households and companies remained weak in China, PBOC data also showed. The growth rate of the M1 money supply, which covers cash and deposits used for immediate transactions, and the M2 supply, which includes more savings deposits, fell to record lows in May."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The possibility of a drop in existing mortgage interest rates is very slim, so there are clients recently applying for early repayment,” said a customer service manager from a Guangzhou branch of the Agricultural Bank of China. “Currently, the application process takes about one to two months.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, China’s central bank kept the rate on one-year policy loans – the so-called medium-term lending facility – steady at 2.5 per cent, in line with expectations that the PBOC is prioritising the steadying of the yuan exchange rate as the currency has come under depreciation pressure from a strengthening US dollar."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"","height":"420","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/Dollar-Yuan-Exchange-Rate/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"With China facing “lacklustre demand”, Lam at Societe Generale said: “What the PBOC can do is probably cut rates further, but they may not be willing to do it quickly given the focus on foreign exchange stability. It’s even more important for policymakers to stabilise the property market to shore up confidence.”"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Last month, the Chinese government announced a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3266633/chinese-government-rushes-shore-struggling-property-sector-new-policies","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"198ba7b2-156a-4f5b-a065-45f0dea2bec9","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"new suite of policies"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to restore the property market, including lowering the minimum down-payment ratio for first-time homebuyers to 15 per cent, and to 25 per cent for residents’ second home purchases."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Other measures include setting a 300 billion yuan relending pool, and allowing local governments and state-owned enterprises to buy unsold land and housing from distressed developers."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Monday, government data showed that new "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-property?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3b636a68-f4f1-4680-8712-465963d7ca9f","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"home prices in China"}]},{"type":"text","data":" extended a decline in May, falling by the most in nearly 10 years as the government’s rescue package has yet to make an impact."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Meanwhile, some families have said that even though they want to pay off their mortgages early, they simply do not have the money to do so."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I already made some early repayments at the beginning of last year, at a minimum of 50,000 yuan each time,” said Zhang Jing, a Shenzhen-based exporting trader. “But the problem is that I haven’t had any surplus money to do it again. 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