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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1)" title="لقطة (تصوير) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لقطة (تصوير)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla_cinematogr%C3%A0fic" title="Pla cinematogràfic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pla cinematogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ot_(film)" title="Šot (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šot (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indstilling" title="Indstilling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indstilling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstellung_(Film)" title="Einstellung (Film) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einstellung (Film)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano_(cinematograf%C3%ADa)" title="Plano (cinematografía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plano (cinematografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano_(zinema)" title="Plano (zinema) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Plano (zinema)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="نما (سینما) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نما (سینما)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_(cin%C3%A9ma)" title="Plan (cinéma) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plan (cinéma)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_(sinematografy)" title="Shot (sinematografy) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Shot (sinematografy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquadratura" title="Inquadratura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inquadratura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98_(%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2)" title="שוט (קולנוע) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוט (קולנוע)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquadratura" title="Inquadratura – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Inquadratura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadras" title="Kadras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kadras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snitt" title="Snitt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Snitt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_(film)" title="Shot (film) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shot (film)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88_(%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F)" title="ショット (映像) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ショット (映像)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_filmowy" title="Plan filmowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plan filmowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano_(cinema)" title="Plano (cinema) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plano (cinema)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84)" title="План (кинематограф) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="План (кинематограф)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmski_plan" title="Filmski plan – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Filmski plan" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otos_(elokuvataide)" title="Otos (elokuvataide) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Otos (elokuvataide)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekim_(film)" title="Çekim (film) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekim (film)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84)" title="План (кінематограф) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="План (кінематограф)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="Shot (電影) 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a technique used in filmmaking. For other usages, see <a href="/wiki/Shot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shot (disambiguation)">Shot</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_production" title="Video production">video production</a>, a <b>shot</b> is a series of <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">frames</a> that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film shots are an essential aspect of a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">movie</a> where <a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">angles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_transition" title="Film transition">transitions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cut_(transition)" title="Cut (transition)">cuts</a> are used to further express emotion, ideas and movement. The term "shot" can refer to two different parts of the filmmaking process: </p> <ol><li>In production, a shot is the moment that the camera starts rolling until the moment it stops.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">film editing</a>, a shot is the continuous footage or sequence between two edits or cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-Pincus_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "shot" is derived from the early days of film production when cameras were hand-cranked, and operated similarly to the hand-cranked <a href="/wiki/Machine_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine guns">machine guns</a> of the time. That is, a cameraman would "shoot" film the way someone would "shoot" bullets from a machine gun.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories_of_shots">Categories of shots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Categories of shots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Field_size"></span> </p><p>Shots can be categorized in a number of ways.<sup id="cite_ref-Pincus_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_field_size">By field size</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By field size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The field size explains how much of the subject and its surrounding area is visible within the camera's <a href="/wiki/Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a>, and is determined by two factors: the distance of the subject from the camera ("camera-subject distance") and the <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a> of the lens. Note that the shorter a lens's focal length, the wider its <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Angle of view">angle of view</a> (the 'angle' in <a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle lens</a>, for instance, which is "how much you see"), so the same idea can also be expressed as that the lens's angle of view plus camera-subject distance is the camera's field of view. </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Long_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Long shot">long shot</a> or wide shot (often used as an <a href="/wiki/Establishing_shot" title="Establishing shot">establishing shot</a>), that shows the environment around the subjects,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Full_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Full shot">full shot</a>, where the entirety of the subject is just visible within the frame,</li> <li>the medium-long shot, where the frame ends near the knees,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Medium_shot" title="Medium shot">medium shot</a>, where the frame stops either just above or just below the waist,</li> <li>the medium close-up, where more of the shoulder is visible than in the close-up,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Close-up" title="Close-up">close-up</a>, where the shoulder line is visible,</li> <li>the extreme close-up, where the frame stops at the subject's chin and forehead.</li></ul> <p>Three less often used field sizes are: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_long_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme long shot">extreme long shot</a> (used for epic views and panoramas),</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/American_shot" title="American shot">American shot</a> (also 3/4 shot), a slight variation of the medium-long shot to also include <a href="/wiki/Outside_the_waistband" class="mw-redirect" title="Outside the waistband">outside the waistband</a> <a href="/wiki/Handgun_holster" title="Handgun holster">handgun holsters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western movies</a>, a characterization from French <a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">film criticism</a> for a type of shot in certain American films of the <a href="/wiki/Category:1930s_in_film" title="Category:1930s in film">1930s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_film" title="Category:1940s in film">1940s</a> also referred to as a "Cowboy shot" in reference to the gun holster being just above the bottom frame line,</li> <li>the "Italian shot", where only a person's eyes are visible, named after the genre of <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Italo-Westerns</a>, particularly the <i><a href="/wiki/Dollars_Trilogy" title="Dollars Trilogy">Dollars Trilogy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>, that established this particular <i>field size</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowen_Page_21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowen_Page_21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Field size shots comparison (* = "basic" shots)</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Extreme long shot"><img alt="Extreme long shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg/150px-Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg/225px-Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg/300px-Eg_WeiteTotale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Extreme long shot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Totale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="*Long shot"><img alt="*Long shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eg_Totale.jpg/150px-Eg_Totale.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eg_Totale.jpg/225px-Eg_Totale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eg_Totale.jpg/300px-Eg_Totale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">*Long shot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Halbtotale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="*Full shot (figure shot, complete view, medium long shot)"><img alt="*Full shot (figure shot, complete view, medium long shot)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eg_Halbtotale.jpg/150px-Eg_Halbtotale.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eg_Halbtotale.jpg/225px-Eg_Halbtotale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eg_Halbtotale.jpg/300px-Eg_Halbtotale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">*Full shot (figure shot, complete view, medium long shot)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Halbnah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American shot (3/4 shot)"><img alt="American shot (3/4 shot)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Eg_Halbnah.jpg/150px-Eg_Halbnah.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Eg_Halbnah.jpg/225px-Eg_Halbnah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Eg_Halbnah.jpg/300px-Eg_Halbnah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American shot (3/4 shot)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Nah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="*Medium shot"><img alt="*Medium shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Eg_Nah.jpg/150px-Eg_Nah.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Eg_Nah.jpg/225px-Eg_Nah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Eg_Nah.jpg/300px-Eg_Nah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">*Medium shot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="*Close-up"><img alt="*Close-up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg/150px-Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg/225px-Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg/300px-Eg_Gro%C3%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">*Close-up</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eg_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italian shot (extreme close-up)"><img alt="Italian shot (extreme close-up)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eg_Detail.jpg/150px-Eg_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eg_Detail.jpg/225px-Eg_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eg_Detail.jpg/300px-Eg_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Italian shot (extreme close-up)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_camera_placement">By camera placement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By camera placement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Shots" referring to camera placement and angle rather than field size include:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">Camera angles</a>: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial shot">aerial shot</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s-eye_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's-eye shot">bird's-eye shot</a> (sometimes performed as a <a href="/wiki/Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">crane shot</a>),</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Low-angle_shot" title="Low-angle shot">low-angle shot</a>,</li></ul></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Over_the_shoulder_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the shoulder shot">over the shoulder shot</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Point_of_view_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of view shot">point of view shot</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Shot_reverse_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Shot reverse shot">reverse shot</a> is defined as a 180-degree camera turn to the preceding image, common in <i>point of view</i> and <i>over the shoulder</i> (in the latter, care must be applied to avoid a continuity error by violating the <a href="/wiki/180_degree_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="180 degree rule">180 degree rule</a>),</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Two_shot" title="Two shot">two shot</a> where two people are in the picture.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_other_criteria">By other criteria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: By other criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Establishing_shot" title="Establishing shot">establishing shot</a> is defined by giving an establishing "broad overview" over a scene, whether performed by a wide shot with a fixed camera, a zoom, a series of different close-ups achieved by camera motion, or a sequence of independent close-angle shots edited right after each other,<sup id="cite_ref-Pincus_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Master_shot" title="Master shot">master shot</a> is a scene done in one single take, with no editing<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Freeze_frame_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze frame shot">freeze frame shot</a> is created in editing by displaying a single frame for an elongated duration of time<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Insert_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insert (film)">insert shot</a> is created in editing by replacing a picture with another while the audio stays the same<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>the dolly shot, also known as a tracking or trolley shot, in which the camera moves toward or away from its subject while filming. Traditionally dolly shots are filmed from a <a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">camera dolly</a> but the same motion may also be performed with a <a href="/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gimbal" title="Gimbal">gimbal</a>. A dolly shot is generally described in terms of "dollying in" or "dollying out".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_editing">Film editing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Film editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg/220px-Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg/330px-Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg/440px-Fotothek_df_pk_0000165_012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>A film editor at work in 1946</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editing</a></div> <p>Cutting between shots taken at different times or from different perspectives is known as <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">film editing</a>, and is one of the central arts of filmmaking.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duration">Duration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Duration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">Long take</a></div> <p>The length of shots is an important consideration that can greatly affect a film. The purpose of editing any given scene is to create a representation of the way the scene might be perceived by the "story teller." Shots with a longer duration can make a scene seem more relaxed and slower-paced whereas shots with a shorter duration can make a scene seem urgent and faster-paced. </p><p>The average shot length (ASL) of a film is one of its cinemetrical measures. For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Mist_(film)" title="The Mist (film)"><i>The Mist</i></a> has a length of 117 minutes and consists of 1292 shots, so the ASL is 5.4 seconds, while <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ark" title="Russian Ark">Russian Ark</a></i> is a single 96-minute <a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">long take</a>, so an ASL of 96 minutes or about 5,760 seconds, a factor of 1,000 difference. </p><p>Shots with extremely long durations are difficult to do because any error in the shot would force the filmmaker to restart from scratch, and are thus only occasionally used. Films famous for their <a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">long cuts</a> include <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> in which the entire first scene is a long take featuring Bonasera describing the assault on his daughter, and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i>, which only cuts at the end of each <a href="/wiki/Reel" title="Reel">reel</a>, and does so surreptitiously so that it seems as if the whole film is one take. <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Touch_of_Evil" title="Touch of Evil">Touch of Evil</a></i> opens with a long tracking crane shot, as does <a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Player_(1992_film)" title="The Player (1992 film)">The Player</a></i>. </p><p>In addition to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> Ark, which was made in 2002 using digital recording technology, other films known for their extremely long takes include <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i> and the works of <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andrei Tarkovsky</a> starting with <i><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(1972_film)" title="Solaris (1972 film)">Solaris</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Tarr" title="Béla Tarr">Béla Tarr</a> is also known for using very long takes consistently in his films. Joss Whedon's feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)" title="Serenity (2005 film)">Serenity</a></i> introduces the main characters with a long take. Although <a href="/wiki/Fish_%26_Cat" title="Fish & Cat">Fish & Cat</a> is a single 134-minute long take, the narrator succeeded in playing with time and including several <a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">flashbacks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Camera_shot_types" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Camera shot types">Camera shot types</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">Camera angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">Film frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take" title="Take">Take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-shot_music_videos" title="List of one-shot music videos">List of one-shot music videos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sklar, Robert. <i>Film: An International History of the Medium</i>. [London]: Thames and Hudson, [c. 1990]. p. 526.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pincus-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pincus_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pincus_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pincus_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ascher, Steven, and Edward Pincus. <i>The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age</i>. New York: Plume, 1999. p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/the-business/movie-speak-scissorhands-revisited">"Movie Speak; Scissorhands Revisited"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002348/https://www.kcrw.com/news-culture/shows/the-business/movie-speak-scissorhands-revisited">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movie+Speak%3B+Scissorhands+Revisited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcrw.com%2Fculture%2Fshows%2Fthe-business%2Fmovie-speak-scissorhands-revisited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShot+%28filmmaking%29" class="Z3988"></span> Podcast. "KCRW's The Business." <i><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a> 89.9 FM</i>. 10 August 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowen_Page_21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowen_Page_21_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2018" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, Christopher J. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IT1PEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21"><i>Grammar of the Shot</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351803526" title="Special:BookSources/9781351803526"><bdi>9781351803526</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+of+the+Shot&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=21&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781351803526&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIT1PEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShot+%28filmmaking%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ascher, 214-218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ascher, 346</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinematic_techniques" title="Template:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinematic_techniques" title="Template talk:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinematic_techniques" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinematic_techniques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_light" title="Background light">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_lighting" title="Cameo lighting">Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_light" title="Fill light">Fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrument#Floodlights" title="Stage lighting instrument">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-key_lighting" title="High-key lighting">High-key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_light" title="Key light">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-key_lighting" title="Low-key lighting">Low-key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_lighting" title="Mood lighting">Mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_lighting" title="Rembrandt lighting">Rembrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft light">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Diegetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Non-diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Non-diegetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">Narration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">Sound effects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shooting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Field size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wide_shot" title="Wide shot">Wide / Long / Full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_shot" title="American shot">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_shot" title="Medium shot">Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-up" title="Close-up">Close-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian shot">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_shot" title="Two shot">Two shot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera placement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-shoulder_shot" title="Over-the-shoulder shot">Over-the-shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_view_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of view shot">Point-of-view <span style="font-size:85%;">(POV)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot/reverse_shot" title="Shot/reverse shot">Reverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_shot" title="Trunk shot">Trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-camera_setup" title="Single-camera setup">Single</a> / <a href="/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup" title="Multiple-camera setup">multiple-camera setup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">Camera angle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_(camera)" title="Tilt (camera)">Tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial shot">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-angle_shot" title="High-angle shot">High-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s-eye_view" title="Bird's-eye view">Bird's-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">Crane shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jib_(camera)" title="Jib (camera)">Jib shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-angle_shot" title="Low-angle shot">Low-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm%27s-eye_view" title="Worm's-eye view">Worm's-eye view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_angle" title="Dutch angle">Dutch angle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchained_camera_technique" title="Unchained camera technique">Unchained camera technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_(camera)" title="Tilt (camera)">Tilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whip_pan" title="Whip pan">Whip pan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-held_camera" title="Hand-held camera">Hand-held</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaky_camera" title="Shaky camera">Shaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">Dolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SnorriCam" title="SnorriCam">SnorriCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_and_talk" title="Walk and talk">Walk and talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_shot" title="Follow shot">Follow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lens effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(optics)" title="Focus (optics)">Focus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racking_focus" class="mw-redirect" title="Racking focus">Racking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_focus" title="Shallow focus">Shallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_focus" title="Deep focus">Deep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooming_(filmmaking)" title="Zooming (filmmaking)">Zooming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Establishing_shot" title="Establishing shot">Establishing shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_shot" title="Master shot">Master shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-roll" title="B-roll">B-roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze-frame_shot" title="Freeze-frame shot">Freeze-frame shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">Long take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insert_(filmmaking)" title="Insert (filmmaking)">Insert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_effects" title="Template:Special effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_effects" title="Template talk:Special effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_effects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Practical_effect" title="Practical effect">Practical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_rigging" title="Aerial rigging">Aerial rigging</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wire-flying" title="Wire-flying">wire-flying</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_bladder_effect" title="Air bladder effect">Air bladder effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hit_squib" title="Bullet hit squib">Bullet hit squib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumed_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Costumed character">Costumed character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">Creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-character_costume" title="Dead-character costume">Dead-character costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitbashing" title="Kitbashing">Kitbashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_effect" title="Miniature effect">Miniature effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanging_miniature" title="Hanging miniature">hanging</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetic_makeup" title="Prosthetic makeup">Prosthetic makeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnics" title="Pyrotechnics">Pyrotechnics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_mask" title="Rubber mask">Rubber mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glass" title="Sugar glass">Sugar glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_blood" title="Theatrical blood">Theatrical blood</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/In-camera_effect" title="In-camera effect">In-camera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipack" title="Bipack">Bipacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">Forced perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Front projection">Front projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting effects">Lighting effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filtration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_projection" title="Rear projection">Rear projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCfftan_process" title="Schüfftan process">Schüfftan process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_(photography)" title="Shutter (photography)">Shutter effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan" class="mw-redirect" title="Slit-scan">Slit-scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilted_plane_focus" title="Tilted plane focus">Tilted plane focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-lapse">Time-lapse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast motion">Fast motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_ramping" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed ramping">Speed ramping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">Chroma key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_compositing" title="Digital compositing">digital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_motion" title="Go motion">Go motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introvision" title="Introvision">Introvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_moving" title="Match moving">Match moving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_printer" title="Optical printer">Optical printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallgantics" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallgantics">Smallgantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_screen_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split screen (filmmaking)">Split screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&oldid=1192826609">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shot_(filmmaking)&oldid=1192826609</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production" title="Category:Film production">Film production</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_editing" title="Category:Film editing">Film editing</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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