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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The border and water treaties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_border_and_water_treaties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The border and water treaties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_border_and_water_treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1889_Border_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1889_Border_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1889 Border Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1889_Border_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1906_Boundary_Waters_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1906_Boundary_Waters_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1906 Boundary Waters Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1906_Boundary_Waters_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1933_Border_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1933_Border_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1933 Border Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1933_Border_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944_Water_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944_Water_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1944 Water Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944_Water_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamizal_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamizal_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Chamizal Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamizal_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970_Boundary_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970_Boundary_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>1970 Boundary Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970_Boundary_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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For the commission that oversees the boundary between the United States and Canada, see <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_Commission" title="International Boundary Commission">International Boundary Commission</a>. For the commission concerning with waters on U.S.–Canada boundary, see <a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Commission" title="International Joint Commission">International Joint Commission</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid 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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Boundary and Water Commission<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comisión Internacional de Límites y Aguas</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png/200px-Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png/300px-Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png/400px-Seal_of_the_International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>IBWC</li><li>CILA</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">March 1, 1889<span class="noprint">; 136 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">March 1, 1889</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S.<br /><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua">Ciudad Juárez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, Mexico</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official languages </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commissioner (US section)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria-Elena_Giner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria-Elena Giner (page does not exist)">Maria-Elena Giner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-Elena_Giner" class="extiw" title="es:Maria-Elena Giner">es</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commissioner (Mexican section)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriana_Res%C3%A9ndez_Maldonado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriana Reséndez Maldonado (page does not exist)">Adriana Reséndez Maldonado</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana_Res%C3%A9ndez_Maldonado" class="extiw" title="es:Adriana Reséndez Maldonado">es</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.gov/">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Boundary and Water Commission</b> (<b>IBWC</b>, Spanish: <i lang="es">Comisión Internacional de Límites y Aguas</i>, <b>CILA</b>) is an international body created by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> in 1889 to apply the rules for determining the location of their international boundary when meandering rivers transferred tracts of land from one bank to the other, as established under the Convention of November 12, 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization was created as the International Boundary Commission by the Convention of 1889 between the United States and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-tif_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tif-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was given its present name under the 1944 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_relating_to_the_Utilization_of_Waters_of_the_Colorado_and_Tijuana_Rivers_and_of_the_Rio_Grande" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande">Treaty relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tif_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tif-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under these agreements, the IBWC has a U.S. section and a Mexican section, headquartered in the adjoining cities of <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua">Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua</a>. The U.S. section is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a>, and the Mexican part by the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Foreign_Relations_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Foreign Relations of Mexico">Secretariat of Foreign Relations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria-Elena_Giner,_IBWC_Commissioner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Maria-Elena_Giner%2C_IBWC_Commissioner.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria-Elena_Giner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria-Elena Giner (page does not exist)">Maria-Elena Giner</a> was appointed U.S. Commissioner of the International Boundary and Water Commission by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in August 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the rights and obligations administered by the IBWC include: </p> <ul><li>Distribution between the two countries of the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a></li> <li>Regulation and conservation of the waters of the Rio Grande for their use by the two countries by joint construction, operation, and maintenance of international storage <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reservoir_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoir (water)">reservoirs</a> and plants for generating <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric energy">hydroelectric energy</a> at the dams</li> <li>Protection of lands along the river from floods by <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a> and floodway projects</li> <li>Solution of border sanitation and other border water quality problems</li> <li>Preservation of the Rio Grande and Colorado River as the international boundary</li> <li>Demarcation of the land boundary</li></ul> <p>The U.S. and Mexican commissioners meet at least weekly, alternating the place of meetings, and are in almost daily contact with one another. Each section maintains its own engineering staff, a secretary, and such legal advisers and other assistants as it deems necessary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_border_and_water_treaties">The border and water treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The border and water treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a></div> <p>The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 2 February 1848 fixed the international boundary between <a href="/wiki/El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso–Ciudad Juárez">El Paso–Ciudad Juárez</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase Treaty</a> of 30 December 1853 extended the southern boundary of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> southwards to enable the United States to construct a railroad to the west coast along a southern route and to resolve a question arising from the 1848 Treaty as to the location of the southern boundary of New Mexico. Temporary commissions were formed by these boundary treaties to perform the first joint mission of the governments of the United States and Mexico, which was to survey and demarcate the boundary on the ground in accordance with the treaties. Another temporary commission was created by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1852_Boundary_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1852 Boundary Convention (page does not exist)">1852 Boundary Convention</a> (29 July), which surveyed and increased the number of monuments marking the land boundary westward from El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. As settlements sprang up along the boundary rivers and the adjoining lands began to be developed for agriculture in the late 19th century, questions arose as to the location of the boundary when the rivers changed their course and transferred tracts of land from one side of the river to the other. The two governments, under the 1884 Border Convention (12 November), adopted certain rules designed to deal with such questions.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1889_Border_Convention">1889 Border Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1889 Border Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1889 Border Convention (1 March), the two governments created the International Boundary Commission (IBC), to consist of a United States section and a Mexican section. The IBC was charged with the application of the rules of the 1884 Convention, for the settlement of questions arising as to the location of the boundary when the rivers changed their course. That convention was modified by the <a href="/wiki/Convention_Between_the_United_States_and_Mexico_for_the_Elimination_of_the_Bancos_in_the_Rio_Grande_from_the_Effects_of_Article_II_of_the_Treaty_of_November_12,_1884" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention Between the United States and Mexico for the Elimination of the Bancos in the Rio Grande from the Effects of Article II of the Treaty of November 12, 1884">Banco Convention</a> of 20 March 1905 to retain the Rio Grande and the Colorado River as the boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1906_Boundary_Waters_Convention">1906 Boundary Waters Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1906 Boundary Waters Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1906 Boundary Waters Convention (21 May) provided for the distribution between the United States and Mexico of the waters of the Rio Grande above <a href="/wiki/Fort_Quitman" title="Fort Quitman">Fort Quitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, for the 143-km (89-mile) international boundary reach of the Rio Grande through the El Paso–Juárez Valley. This convention allotted to Mexico 60,000 acre-feet (74,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) annually of the waters of the Rio Grande to be delivered in accordance with a monthly schedule at the headgate to Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">Acequia</a> Madre just above Ciudad Juárez. To facilitate such deliveries, the United States constructed, at its expense, the <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Dike" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant Butte Dike">Elephant Butte Dike</a> in its territory. The convention includes the proviso that in case of extraordinary drought or serious accident to the irrigation system in the United States, the amount of water delivered to the Mexican canal shall be diminished in the same proportion as the water delivered to lands under the irrigation system in the United States downstream of Elephant Butte Dike. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg/400px-Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg/600px-Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg/800px-Comparison_of_the_rectified_channel_of_the_Rio_Grande_with_a_previous_natural_channel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of the 86-mile-long rectified channel of the Rio Grande (grey-blue) with overlay of previous 155-mile-long natural channel (black) based on maps from 1891, 1905, and 1907 surveys. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">©</a> OpenStreetMap contributors)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1933_Border_Convention">1933 Border Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1933 Border Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1933 Border Convention (1 February), the two governments agreed to jointly construct, operate, and maintain, through the IBC, the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Rectification_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande Rectification Project">Rio Grande Rectification Project</a>, which straightened and stabilized the 249-km (155-mile) river boundary through the highly developed El Paso–Juárez Valley. The project further provided for the control of the river's floods through this valley. Numerous parcels of land (174) were transferred between the two countries during the construction period, 1935 – 1938. At the end, each nation had ceded an equal area of land (2,560.5 acres (1,036.2 ha)) to the other.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944_Water_Treaty">1944 Water Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1944 Water Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_relating_to_the_utilization_of_waters_of_the_Colorado_and_Tijuana_Rivers_and_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="Treaty relating to the utilization of waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande">Treaty relating to the utilization of waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande</a></div> <p>The Water Treaty of 3 February 1944 distributed between the two countries the waters of the Rio Grande from Fort Quitman to the Gulf of Mexico, and the waters of the Colorado River. Of the waters of the Rio Grande, the treaty allocates to Mexico: </p> <ul><li>All of the waters reaching the main channel of the Rio Grande from the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Tamaulipas)" title="San Juan River (Tamaulipas)">San Juan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Alamo" title="Rio Alamo">Alamo</a> Rivers, including the return flows from the lands irrigated from those two rivers</li> <li>Two-thirds of the flow in the main channel of the Rio Grande from the measured <a href="/wiki/Rio_Conchos" title="Rio Conchos">Rio Conchos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_San_Diego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rio San Diego (page does not exist)">Rio San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_San_Rodrigo" title="Rio San Rodrigo">Rio San Rodrigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Escondido_(Coahuila)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Escondido (Coahuila)">Rio Escondido</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Salado_(Mexico)" title="Rio Salado (Mexico)">Rio Salado</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arroyo_de_las_Vacas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arroyo de las Vacas (page does not exist)">Arroyo de las Vacas</a>, subject to certain provisions</li> <li>One-half of all other flows occurring in the main channel of the Rio Grande downstream from Fort Quitman</li></ul> <p>The treaty allocates to the United States: </p> <ul><li>All of the waters reaching the main channel of the Rio Grande from the Pecos and Devils Rivers, Goodenough Spring, and Alamito, Terlingua, San Felipe and Pinto Creeks.</li> <li>One-third of the flow reaching the main channel of the river from the six named measured tributaries from Mexico, and provides that this third shall not be less, as an average amount in cycles of five consecutive years, than 350,000 acre-feet (430,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) annually</li> <li>One-half of all other flows occurring in the main channel of the Rio Grande downstream from Fort Quitman</li></ul> <p>The 1944 treaty further provided for the two governments to jointly construct, operate, and maintain on the main channel of the Rio Grande the dams required for the conservation, storage, and regulation of the greatest quantity of the annual flow of the river to enable each country to make optimum use of its allotted waters. The treaty also provides that of the waters of the Colorado River, Mexico is to receive: </p> <ul><li>A guaranteed annual quantity of 1,500,000 acre-feet (1.9 km<sup>3</sup>) to be delivered in accordance with schedules formulated in advance by Mexico within specified limitations</li> <li>Any other waters arriving at the Mexican points of diversion under certain understandings</li></ul> <p>To enable diversion of Mexico's allotted waters, the treaty provided for the construction by Mexico of a main diversion structure in the Colorado River, below the point where the California–Baja California land boundary line intersects the river. It also provided for the construction at Mexico's expense of such works as may be needed in the United States to protect its lands from such floods and seepage as might result from the construction and operation of the diversion structure. </p><p>In the 1944 treaty, the two governments agreed to give preferential attention to the solution of all border sanitation problems. This treaty entrusts the IBWC (the renamed International Boundary Commission of the <a href="/wiki/1889_Border_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1889 Border Convention">1889 Convention</a>) with the application of its terms, the regulation and exercise of the rights and obligations which the two governments assumed thereunder, and the settlement of all disputes to which its observance and execution may give rise. The treaty also provides that the IBWC study, investigate, and report to the governments on such hydroelectric facilities as the IBWC finds should be built at the international storage dams and on such flood control works, other than those specified in the treaty, that the IBWC finds should be built on the boundary rivers, the estimated cost thereof, the part to be built by each government, and to be operated and maintained by each through its section of the IBWC. </p><p>Under the terms of the 1944 treaty, the two governments reached agreement for the solution of the international problem of the salinity of the Lower Colorado River (30 August 1973), and the IBWC submitted and the two governments approved "Recommendations for the Solution of the Border Sanitation Problems" (24 September 1979). </p><p>There has long been tension between the two countries over the quality of Colorado River waters flowing to Mexico, including the salinity of irrigation waters discharged into the river at the southern boundary. In 1970, Mexican President Luis Echeverria threatened to bring the salinity dispute to the International Court of Justice. After intense negotiations, the matter was settled by delsalinization works pursuant to Minute 242, International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, TIAS 7708 (1973).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chamizal_Convention">Chamizal Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chamizal Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chamizal_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamizal Convention">Chamizal Convention</a></div> <p>The Chamizal Convention of 29 August 1963 resolved the nearly 100-year-old boundary problem at El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. Known as the <a href="/wiki/Chamizal_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamizal Dispute">Chamizal Dispute</a>, this involved some 630 acres (250 ha) of territory that were transferred from the south to the north bank of the Rio Grande by movement of the river during the latter part of the 19th century. By this convention, the two governments gave effect to a 1911 arbitration award under 1963 conditions. The convention provided for the relocation by the IBWC of the 7 km (4.4 miles) of the channel of the Rio Grande so as to transfer a net amount of 176.92 ha (437.18 acres) from the north to the south side of the river. U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> met Mexican President <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_L%C3%B3pez_Mateos" title="Adolfo López Mateos">Adolfo López Mateos</a> in El Paso on 24 September 1964 to commemorate the ratification of the Chamizal Convention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970_Boundary_Treaty">1970 Boundary Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1970 Boundary Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970_Boundary_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 Boundary Treaty">1970 Boundary Treaty</a></div> <p>The 1970 Boundary Treaty (23 November) resolved all pending boundary differences and provided for maintaining the Rio Grande and the Colorado River as the international boundary. The Rio Grande was re-established as the boundary throughout its 2,019-km (1,254 mile) limitrophe section. The treaty includes provisions for restoring and preserving the character of the Rio Grande as the international boundary where that character has been lost, to minimize changes in the channel, and to resolve problems of sovereignty that might arise due to future changes in the channel of the Rio Grande. It provides for procedures designed to avoid the loss of territory by either country incident to future changes in the river's course due to causes other than lateral movement, incident to eroding one of its banks and depositing alluvium on the opposite bank. This treaty, too, charged the IBWC with carrying out its provisions. </p><p>The Boundary Treaty of 1970 transferred 823 acres (333 ha) of Mexican territory to the U.S., in areas near <a href="/wiki/Presidio,_Texas" title="Presidio, Texas">Presidio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo,_Texas" title="Hidalgo, Texas">Hidalgo, Texas</a>, to build flood-control channels. In exchange, the U.S. ceded 2,177 acres (8.81 km<sup>2</sup>) to Mexico, including five parcels near Presidio, the <a href="/wiki/Horcon_Tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Horcon Tract">Horcon Tract</a> containing the little town of <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rico,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Rico, Texas">Rio Rico, Texas</a>, and Beaver Island near <a href="/wiki/Roma,_Texas" title="Roma, Texas">Roma, Texas</a>. The last of these transfers occurred in 1977. </p><p>On November 24, 2009, the U.S. ceded six islands in the Rio Grande to Mexico, totaling 107.81 acres (0.4363 km<sup>2</sup>). At the same time, Mexico ceded three islands and two cuts to the U.S., totaling 63.53 acres (25.71 ha). This transfer, which had been pending for 20 years, was the first application of Article III of the <i>1970 Boundary Treaty</i>. In recent years, the IBWC has been criticized as an institutional anachronism, bypassed by modern social, environmental, and political issues. The U.S. section has been described as secretive, beholden to special interests, and indifferent to environmental problems. The State Department has attempted to distance itself from responsibility for the U.S. section, even disclaiming jurisdiction, notwithstanding numerous statutes to the contrary. Critics, including the agency's employees, say poor leadership has led to deteriorating levees, dams, and water-treatment facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dams">Dams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IBWC operates the <a href="/wiki/American_Dam" title="American Dam">American Dam</a> at the corner of Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:710px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of the American Dam and Canal, with mountains of Mexico (left) and New Mexico (right) in the background. The dam and diversion weirs are in the center; canal at left; railroad bridges over the Rio Grande upstream at right; private border wall and cross on Mount Cristo Rey in center background."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg/700px-American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg/1050px-American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg/1400px-American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5292" data-file-height="1641" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Dam_and_Canal_pano.jpg" title="File:American Dam and Canal pano.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of the American Dam and Canal, with mountains of Mexico (left) and New Mexico (right) in the background. The dam and diversion weirs are in the center; canal at left; railroad bridges over the Rio Grande upstream at right; <a href="/wiki/We_Build_the_Wall" title="We Build the Wall">private border wall</a> and cross on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cristo_Rey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Cristo Rey">Mount Cristo Rey</a> in center background.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant" title="International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant">International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant</a> developed by the IBWC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.-Mexico_border" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.-Mexico border">U.S.-Mexico border</a> for a detailed treatment of the various conventions and treaties overseen by the IBWC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Colorado River Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_International_Reservoir" title="Falcon International Reservoir">Falcon International Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_Reservoir" title="Amistad Reservoir">Amistad Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="New River (California)">New River (California)</a> U.S.-Mexico river, reported as most polluted in North America</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ibwc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601081248/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/treaties.html">"Treaties between the U.S. and Mexico"</a>. International Boundary and Water Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/treaties.html">the original</a> on 2015-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaties+between+the+U.S.+and+Mexico&rft.pub=International+Boundary+and+Water+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibwc.state.gov%2FTreaties_Minutes%2Ftreaties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Boundary+and+Water+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tif-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tif_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tif_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_State_–_Office_of_the_Legal_Adviser2014" class="citation book cs1">United States Department of State – Office of the Legal Adviser (2014). <i>Treaties in Force</i>. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160922930" title="Special:BookSources/9780160922930"><bdi>9780160922930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaties+in+Force&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780160922930&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+State+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Legal+Adviser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Boundary+and+Water+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" class="citation web cs1">International Boundary and Water Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308032837/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Min144.pdf">"Minutes 144"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Min144.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minutes+144&rft.au=International+Boundary+and+Water+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibwc.state.gov%2FFiles%2FMinutes%2FMin144.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Boundary+and+Water+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" class="citation web cs1">International Boundary and Water Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308033025/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Min158.pdf">"Minutes 158"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Min158.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minutes+158&rft.au=International+Boundary+and+Water+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibwc.state.gov%2FFiles%2FMinutes%2FMin158.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Boundary+and+Water+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Feldman Oral History, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training at p. 38 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Feldman.Mark.pdf?swcfpc=1">https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Feldman.Mark.pdf?swcfpc=1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. McCarthy, Executive Authority, Adaptive Treaty Interpretation, and the International Boundary and Water Commission, U.S.-Mexico, 14-2 U. Denv. Water L. Rev. 197 (Spring 2011). Also available for free download at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903">https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.state.gov/home.html"><i>Official site</i></a>. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Boundary and Water Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+site&rft.pub=International+Boundary+and+Water+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibwc.state.gov%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Boundary+and+Water+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Robert J. McCarthy, Executive Authority, Adaptive Treaty Interpretation, and the International Boundary and Water Commission, U.S.-Mexico, 14-2 U. Denv. Water L. Rev. 197(Spring 2011) (also available for free download at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903">https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.gov/">Official site – United States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cila.sre.gob.mx/cilanorte/">Official site – Mexico</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82">Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law</a> Peace Palace Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903">Comprehensive history and critique of IBWC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasarchive.org/taxonomy/term/116208">Archival films from the IBWC collection</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_of_the_Moving_Image" title="Texas Archive of the Moving Image">Texas Archive of the Moving Image</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colorado_River_system" title="Template talk:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colorado_River_system159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> system</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></span></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Topockgorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/100px-Topockgorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/150px-Topockgorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/200px-Topockgorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/100px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/150px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/200px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="2917" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/100px-Colorado_River05.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/150px-Colorado_River05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/200px-Colorado_River05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1648" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/100px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/150px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/200px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/100px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/150px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/200px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canyons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byers_Canyon" title="Byers Canyon">Byers Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Canyon" title="Gore Canyon">Gore Canyon</a></li> <li>Red Gorge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Canyon" title="Glenwood Canyon">Glenwood Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Beque_Canyon" title="De Beque Canyon">De Beque Canyon</a></li> <li>Horsethief Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Canyon" title="Ruby Canyon">Ruby Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwater_Canyon" title="Westwater Canyon">Westwater Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_Canyon" title="Cataract Canyon">Cataract Canyon</a></li> <li>Narrow Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon" title="Glen Canyon">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Marble_Canyon" title="Marble Canyon">Marble Canyon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Middle Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Lower Granite Gorge</span></li></ul></li> <li>Grand Wash Canyon</li> <li>Iceberg Canyon</li> <li>Virgin Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_(Colorado_River)" title="Boulder Canyon (Colorado River)">Boulder Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Colorado" title="Black Canyon of the Colorado">Black Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Canyon" title="Pyramid Canyon">Pyramid Canyon</a></li> <li>Mohave Canyon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Course_of_the_Colorado_River" title="Course of the Colorado River">River course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River Basin">Colorado River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_(Colorado)" title="Grand Lake (Colorado)">Grand Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Bend_(Arizona)" title="Horseshoe Bend (Arizona)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Valley" title="Lower Colorado River Valley">Lower Colorado River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_Valley" title="Mohave Valley">Mohave Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Valley" title="Parker Valley">Parker Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Valley" title="Palo Verde Valley">Palo Verde Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_River" title="Alamo River">Alamo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="New River (Mexico–United States)">New River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Island_(Baja_California)" title="Montague Island (Baja California)">Montague Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Colorado_River" title="List of tributaries of the Colorado River">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_River_(Colorado)" title="Blue River (Colorado)">Blue River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Devil_River" title="Dirty Devil River">Dirty Devil River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_River" title="Dolores River">Dolores River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_River" title="Escalante River">Escalante River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_River_(Colorado)" title="Eagle River (Colorado)">Eagle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_River_(Colorado)" title="Fraser River (Colorado)">Fraser River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Green River (Colorado River tributary)">Green River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison_River" title="Gunnison River">Gunnison River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanab_Creek" title="Kanab Creek">Kanab Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Colorado_River" title="Little Colorado River">Little Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paria_River" title="Paria River">Paria River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Fork_River" title="Roaring Fork River">Roaring Fork River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)">San Juan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_River_(Tapeats_Creek_tributary)" title="Thunder River (Tapeats Creek tributary)">Thunder River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tapeats_Creek" title="Tapeats Creek">Tapeats Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_River" title="Virgin River">Virgin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Wash" title="Las Vegas Wash">Las Vegas Wash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Fork_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Williams Fork (Colorado River tributary)">Williams Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_River" title="Hardy River">Río Hardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_in_the_Colorado_River_system" title="List of dams in the Colorado River system">Mainstem dams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Mountain_Dam" title="Shadow Mountain Dam">Shadow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby_Dam" title="Granby Dam">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windy_Gap_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windy Gap Dam (page does not exist)">Windy Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Diversion_Dam" title="Grand Valley Diversion Dam">Grand Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Price-Stubb_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Price-Stubb Dam (page does not exist)">Price-Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_Dam" title="Glen Canyon Dam">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Dam" title="Davis Dam">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headgate_Rock_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headgate Rock Dam (page does not exist)">Headgate Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Dam" title="Palo Verde Dam">Palo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Dam" title="Imperial Dam">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Diversion_Dam" title="Laguna Diversion Dam">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelos_Dam" title="Morelos Dam">Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontenelle_Reservoir" title="Fontenelle Reservoir">Fontenelle Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Gorge_Reservoir" title="Flaming Gorge Reservoir">Flaming Gorge Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mesa_Reservoir" title="Blue Mesa Reservoir">Blue Mesa Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Lake" title="Navajo Lake">Navajo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Powell" title="Lake Powell">Lake Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mohave" title="Lake Mohave">Lake Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Havasu" title="Lake Havasu">Lake Havasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Reservoir" title="Imperial Reservoir">Imperial Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Lake" title="Theodore Roosevelt Lake">Theodore Roosevelt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Lake" title="San Carlos Lake">San Carlos Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aqueducts and<br />canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ditch" title="Grand Ditch">Grand Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Aqueduct" title="Colorado River Aqueduct">Colorado River Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Aqueduct" title="San Diego Aqueduct">San Diego Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Arizona_Project" title="Central Arizona Project">Central Arizona Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Canal" title="Alamo Canal">Alamo Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Canal" title="Coachella Canal">Coachella Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder Canyon Project">Boulder Canyon Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado%E2%80%93Big_Thompson_Project" title="Colorado–Big Thompson Project">Colorado–Big Thompson Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Storage_Project" title="Colorado River Storage Project">Colorado River Storage Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_AVA" title="Grand Valley AVA">Grand Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_Project" title="Yuma Project">Yuma Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Horse_Point_State_Park" title="Dead Horse Point State Park">Dead Horse Point State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_v._California" title="Arizona v. California">Arizona v. California</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Board_of_California" title="Colorado River Board of California">Colorado River Board of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Colorado River Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Dominy" title="Floyd Dominy">Floyd Dominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee's Ferry">Lee's Ferry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Boundary and Water Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_District_of_Southern_California" title="Metropolitan Water District of Southern California">Metropolitan Water District of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_River_rapids_and_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Colorado River rapids and features">Rapids and features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulholland" title="William Mulholland">William Mulholland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348493#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata647" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348493#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata647" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348493#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143035644">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="International Boundary & Water Commission, United States & Mexico"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50055183">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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