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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb-nav__item item-current item-tag-227 item-tag-grants"> <a itemprop="item" href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" class="breadcrumb-nav__link bread-current bread-tag-227 bread-tag-grants" title="Tag: grants" aria-current="page"> <span itemprop="name">Tag: grants</span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <div id="page" class="content"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">grants</h1> </header> <article id="post-12399" class="post-12399 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-artificial-intelligence category-astrophysics category-machine-learning tag-collaboration tag-data-science tag-grants tag-northwestern tag-nsf tag-simons-foundation"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">UW–Madison joins new NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/10/18/uw-madison-joins-new-nsf-simons-ai-institute-for-the-sky/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-10-18T13:00:19-05:00">October 18, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>This post is modified from the <a href="https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/september/northwestern-to-lead-20-million-national-ai-research-institute-in-astronomy">original news story from Northwestern University</a></em></p> <p>A large multi-institutional collaboration— led by Northwestern University and including UW–Madison physics professors Keith Bechtol, Kyle Cranmer, and Moritz Münchmeyer — has received a $20 million grant to develop and apply new artificial intelligence (AI) tools to astrophysics research and deep space exploration.</p> <p>Jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Simons Foundation, the highly competitive grant will establish the <a href="http://www.skai-institute.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky</a> (SkAI, pronounced “sky”). SkAI is one of two National AI Research Institutes in Astronomy <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/news/nsf-simons-foundation-launch-2-ai-institutes-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced today</a>. Northwestern astrophysicist <a href="https://physics.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/core-faculty/vicky-kalogera.html">Vicky Kalogera</a> is principal investigator of the grant and will serve as the director of SkAI. Northwestern AI expert <a href="https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/research-faculty/directory/profiles/katsaggelos-aggelos.html">Aggelos Katsaggelos</a> is a co-principal investigator of the grant.</p> <p>The new institute will unite multidisciplinary researchers to develop innovative, trustworthy AI tools for astronomy, which will be used to pursue breakthrough discoveries by analyzing large astronomy datasets, transform physics-based simulations and more. With unprecedentedly large sky surveys poised to launch, including from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile, astronomers will require smarter, more efficient tools to accelerate the mining and interpretation of increasingly large datasets. SkAI will fulfill a crucial role in developing and refining these tools.</p> <p style="text-align: center"><a class="uw-button uw-button-red" href="https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/september/northwestern-to-lead-20-million-national-ai-research-institute-in-astronomy">Read the full NU press release</a></p> <p style="text-align: center"><a class="uw-button uw-button-red" href="https://skai-institute.org/">Learn more about SkAI</a></p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/artificial-intelligence/" rel="category tag">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/astrophysics/" rel="category tag">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/machine-learning/" rel="category tag">machine learning</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/collaboration/" rel="tag">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/data-science/" rel="tag">data science</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" rel="tag">grants</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/northwestern/" rel="tag">Northwestern</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/nsf/" rel="tag">NSF</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/simons-foundation/" rel="tag">Simons Foundation</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-12029" class="post-12029 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-grants category-plasma tag-astrophysical-plasmas tag-grants"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Rogerio Jorge receives first grant as a professor</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/09/10/rogerio-jorge-receives-first-grant-as-a-professor/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-09-10T16:56:18-05:00">September 10, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <figure id="attachment_9980" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 273px;" aria-label="Rogerio Jorge"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-9980" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312-273x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Rogerio Jorge" width="273" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312-273x300.jpg 273w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312-931x1024.jpg 931w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312-768x845.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/rogerio_jorge-e1693339708312.jpg 1006w" sizes="(max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Rogerio Jorge</figcaption></figure> <p>Congrats to <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/jorge-rogerio/">Prof. Rogerio Jorge</a> who was awarded his first grant as a professor! The three-year, $500,000 National Science Foundation grant, titled “<a href="https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2409066&HistoricalAwards=false">Moment Approach to Multiscale Plasmas</a>,” will be used to fund a graduate student and postdoc on the project.</p> <p>“Astrophysical plasmas appear in more than 90% of the universe — for example, on the surface of the sun or in the intergalactic medium — and there’s still a lot of things that we don’t understand about them,” Jorge says. “We need to study phenomena in astrophysical plasmas and try to replicate them numerically to better understand them.”</p> <p>Jorge’s work will focus on the so-called collisionless regime of these plasmas, where particles travel for a long time before experiencing any collision. He says this regime is difficult to model, both experimentally and numerically.</p> <p>“We’ve proposed a new method that has two parts. The first one is to try to simplify the equations using a reduced model, called a moment model,” Jorge says. “Second, it’s using machine learning to reduce it even more.”</p> <p>Jorge and his team have the moment model theory ready to be applied. For the machine learning step, they will use JAX, an open-source machine learning framework developed by the DeepMind team at Google that many physicists are starting to use in their research.</p> <p>Jorge plans to investigate one intriguing phenomenon in collisionless plasmas: how the acceleration of super-thermal particles occurs versus thermodynamic heating. This will help scientists understand how charged particles in a plasma become energized, a phenomenon applicable to both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. He will also apply this new approach to the problem of magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas, a problem he says is difficult to model due to the topology changes that occur in short time scales.</p> <p>“We need new models to try to handle these complex scenarios without spending months and months on a single simulation,” Jorge says.</p> <p>NSF grants require investigators to address the broader impacts of their research, defined as “the potential to benefit society and contribute to the achievement of specific, desired societal outcomes.” Jorge plans to work with the department’s Wonders of Physics outreach program to create realistic movies that simulate these astrophysical plasma environments. For example, he hopes to show, in detail, what is happening with magnetic reconnection in auroras or around the surface of the sun, with both using the new code developed through his research.</p> <p>For this research, Jorge is collaborating with experimentalists at UW-Madison’s WiPPL facilities, and computational plasma physicists at UCLA, MIT, and Princeton.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/grants/" rel="category tag">Grants</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/plasma/" rel="category tag">Plasma</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astrophysical-plasmas/" rel="tag">astrophysical plasmas</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" rel="tag">grants</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10024" class="post-10024 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-plasma tag-department-of-energy tag-doe tag-funding tag-funding-awards tag-grants tag-plasma tag-plasma-astrophysics"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Stas Boldyrev earns DOE funding to investigate turbulence in relativistic plasmas</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/09/05/stas-boldyrev-earns-doe-funding-to-investigate-turbulence-in-relativistic-plasmas/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-09-05T09:49:22-05:00">September 5, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>This post was <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/articles/department-energy-announces-996-million-basic-plasma-science-research" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-loopstyle="linkonly">adapted from</a> a U.S. Department of Energy announcement</em></p> <figure id="attachment_3086" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 289px;" aria-label="Stas Boldyrev"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Boldyrev_Picture-e1589557989190.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-3086" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Boldyrev_Picture-e1589557989190-289x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Stas Boldyrev" width="289" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Boldyrev_Picture-e1589557989190-289x300.jpg 289w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Boldyrev_Picture-e1589557989190.jpg 602w" sizes="(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Stas Boldyrev</figcaption></figure> <p><em> </em>The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced August 23 that it is funding $9.96M to support research in basic plasma science and engineering as well as frontier plasma science experiments at several midscale DOE Collaborative Research Facilities (CRFs) across the nation. The funding will go to 20 universities — including to UW–Madison physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/boldyrev-stanislav/" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-loopstyle="linkonly">Stas Boldyrev</a> — four private companies, and one national laboratory.</p> <p>The funding will cover 30 awards aimed at supporting basic plasma science research as well as increasing research productivity and participation of U.S. researchers in the CRFs. The awards include three-year single investigator or small group projects as well as short-term, one-time seed funding projects.</p> <p>“Basic and low temperature plasma science is an important area with many scientific and technological impacts,” said Jean Paul Allain, DOE Associate Director of Science for Fusion Energy Sciences. “The research funded under this FOA will enable the U.S research community to address many fundamental and technological science challenges helping to ensure continued American leadership in this critical field.”</p> <p>Boldyrev’s award will investigate turbulence in relativistic plasmas, which is more poorly understood compared to its non-relativistic counterpart. Relativistic plasma turbulence exists in extremely hot and energetic natural systems, where plasma and/or particle flow rates approach the speed of light, and it is required to explain radiation spectra of space phenomena such as solar flares or galactic nuclei jets.</p> <p>“This project intends to develop analytical, phenomenological, and numerical models of turbulent energy cascades, and describe how such turbulence interacts with magnetic fields,” Boldyrev says. “We will concentrate on universal statistical properties of relativistic turbulence, which makes the results applicable to various lab, space, and astronomy environments, where such turbulence is present.”</p> <p>Vadim Roytershteyn of the Space Science Institute is a co-investigator.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/plasma/" rel="category tag">Plasma</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/department-of-energy/" rel="tag">Department of Energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/doe/" rel="tag">DOE</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/funding/" rel="tag">funding</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/funding-awards/" rel="tag">funding awards</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" rel="tag">grants</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/plasma/" rel="tag">plasma</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/plasma-astrophysics/" rel="tag">plasma astrophysics</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-9872" class="post-9872 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astrophysics category-plasma tag-accretion-disks tag-astroparticle-physics tag-black-holes tag-electrodynamics tag-grants tag-magnetic-fields tag-neutron-stars"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Ke Fang, Ellen Zweibel earn Simons Foundation funding to study electrodynamics in extreme environments</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/08/22/ke-fang-ellen-zweibel-earn-simons-foundation-funding-to-study-electrodynamics-in-extreme-environments/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-08-22T08:55:17-05:00">August 22, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Much of what we understand about fundamental physics is based on experiments done in the convenient “lab” of earth. But our planet is just one location, with its own relatively mild electromagnetic field. Do forces and energies work the same on earth as they do in all corners of the universe?</p> <figure id="attachment_6706" class="wp-caption alignright" style="max-width: 273px;" aria-label="Ellen Zweibel"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-6706" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967-273x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Ellen Zweibel" width="273" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967-273x300.jpg 273w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967-931x1024.jpg 931w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967-768x845.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Zweibel_Ellen-_Dec2021-e1646926570967.jpg 1050w" sizes="(max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Ellen Zweibel</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_2048" class="wp-caption alignright" style="max-width: 222px;" aria-label="Ke Fang"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2048" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Ke Fang" width="222" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg 222w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg 335w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Ke Fang</figcaption></figure> <p>“It’s never guaranteed, as we see many theories break down at extreme environments,” says University of Wisconsin–Madison physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/fang-ke/">Ke Fang</a>. “For example, a neutron star offers a magnetic field that is trillions of times stronger than on the Earth, and magnetars offer a field that is hundreds of trillions of time stronger. They are natural places to test many fundamental physics theories.”</p> <p>Fang and UW–Madison astronomy and physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/zweibel-ellen-g/">Ellen Zweibel</a> are part of a new research collaboration <a href="https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2023/08/21/foundation-announces-the-simons-collaboration-on-extreme-electrodynamics-of-compact-sources/">announced August 21</a> by the Simons Foundation. <a href="https://www.simonsceecs.com/">The Simons Collaboration on Extreme Electrodynamics of Compact Sources</a> (SCEECS) will study how electrodynamics — the interaction of electric currents and magnetic fields — behave in extreme environments in the distant universe using a combination of theory, simulation, and observation.</p> <p>SCEECS has six main research questions, three centered on understanding electrodynamics in neutron stars and three centered in black holes. Each question pairs at least one senior-level investigator with an early-career co-investigator. Zweibel serves as the lead investigator on her black hole question, and she is paired with Richard Anantua at UT-San Antonio. Fang is co-investigator on a neutron star question, and she is paired with Anatoly Spitkovsky at Princeton.</p> <figure id="attachment_9874" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 428px;" aria-label="“Particle in cell” simulation of the magnetic field and electric current associated with a spinning and strongly magnetized neutron star (adapted from Philippov and Kramer 2023) | From SCEECS"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magnetic-field-neutron-star.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-9874 size-full" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magnetic-field-neutron-star.png" alt="a wispy, circular set of colorful lines emanate from a center point, indicating the electromagnetic field shooting out of a neutron star" width="428" height="240" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magnetic-field-neutron-star.png 428w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magnetic-field-neutron-star-300x168.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">“Particle in cell” simulation of the magnetic field and electric current associated with a spinning and strongly magnetized neutron star (adapted from Philippov and Kramer 2023) | From SCEECS</figcaption></figure> <p>The neutron star “labs” that Fang is using are amongst the most dense stars in the universe — as small as 10 kilometers in diameter and with densities a million billion times that of water. High energy particles streaming from neutron stars are detectable on Earth, but they tend to be significantly altered by the time they make it here.</p> <p>“How do those particles survive, in the sense that these extreme energy particles would interact with the surrounding media and produce secondary particles, and how do these interactions play a role in converting what you see on Earth?” Fang’s research asks. “There are also several major questions revealed by recent observations, such as extended TeV gamma-ray halos around neutron stars that are completely new phenomena. We would like to go from first principle physics to understand these phenomena.”</p> <p>Zweibel’s research will use the extreme environment of spinning black holes, where the electromagnetic field has recently been identified as a major factor in accretion flows, or the movement of gases into the dense center. Her question asks how these accretion flows contribute to magnetizing black holes to form relativistic jets, or powerful emissions of radiation and high-energy particles.</p> <figure id="attachment_9873" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Simulation of the magnetic field threading the black hole and confined by orbiting gas (adapted from Ripperda et al. 2022) | From SCEECS"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-9873 size-large" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole-1024x591.png" alt="a small black point at the center of the image is flanked by two brown-ish blobs made of flowing lines, like magma flowing down a volcano. Grey parabolic lines also shoot out the top and bottom. " width="640" height="369" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole-1024x591.png 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole-300x173.png 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole-768x443.png 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/magentic-field-black-hole.png 1182w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Simulation of the magnetic field threading the black hole and confined by orbiting gas (adapted from Ripperda et al. 2022) | From SCEECS</figcaption></figure> <p>“Accretion disks, their magnetic fields, and their magnetized jets are found throughout the Universe. They play essential roles in star formation, in the evolution of double, or binary stars, and in many other astrophysical settings,” Zweibel says. “The magnetized accretion disks surrounding black holes are by far the most extreme, and test our theories to the limits. Remarkably, we can circle back to laboratory plasma experiments, including some right here at UW, to study magnetized disks and jets as well.”</p> <p>SCEECS is housed at Stanford University and includes researchers from 14 other US and international universities. UW–Madison and <a href="https://news.columbia.edu/news/columbia-join-new-research-collaboration-black-holes-and-neutron-stars">Columbia University</a> are the only universities that have more than one investigator in the collaboration. Most of the funding will be used to support investigators, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students.</p> <p>The collaboration plans to host an in-person kick-off in October at Stanford with regular virtual meetings throughout the year. Those meetings will be a place where everyone involved in the research, including students, postdocs, and faculty, can provide updates and seek feedback. Larger-scale collaborations such as this one are nothing new to physicists, but those groups are almost always made up of experimental physicists.</p> <p>“It’s rare for theorists to be in a larger collaboration because we’re usually working alone or in a small group,” Fang says. “This program is exciting because it collects leading theorists in the field from many different institutions and provides a network for us to collaborate with each other.”</p> <p>The Simons Foundation’s mission is to advance the frontiers of research in mathematics and the basic sciences. The Foundation makes grants in four areas, including Mathematics and Physical Sciences, through which this collaboration is supported.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/astrophysics/" rel="category tag">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/plasma/" rel="category tag">Plasma</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/accretion-disks/" rel="tag">accretion disks</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astroparticle-physics/" rel="tag">astroparticle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/black-holes/" rel="tag">black holes</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/electrodynamics/" rel="tag">electrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" rel="tag">grants</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/magnetic-fields/" rel="tag">magnetic fields</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutron-stars/" rel="tag">neutron stars</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-9776" class="post-9776 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-x-ray-imaging-and-spectroscopy tag-grants tag-mrsec tag-nsf tag-x-fast tag-xuv"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Physics researchers named part of $18M NSF materials research center</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/07/18/physics-researchers-named-part-of-18m-nsf-materials-research-center/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-07-18T15:45:02-05:00">July 18, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Department of Physics is part of a <a href="https://news.wisc.edu/uw-will-launch-materials-engineering-research-initiative-with-major-nsf-sponsorship/">six-year, $18 million grant</a> awarded to the University of Wisconsin–Madison’s Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) by the National Science Foundation. The award creates a National User Facility for X-FAST (XUV Femtosecond Absorption Spectroscopy Tabletop), a powerful XUV laser developed in the department.</p> <figure id="attachment_6240" class="wp-caption alignright" style="max-width: 200px;" aria-label="Uwe Bergmann"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-6240" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-300x300.jpg" alt="Profile picture of Uwe Bergmann" width="200" height="200" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-768x768.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422-400x400.jpg 400w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bergmann-Lecture-4106-scaled-e1636151096422.jpg 1657w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Uwe Bergmann</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://mrsec.wisc.edu/">MRSEC</a> brings together 30 affiliated faculty from across nine departments to answer fundamental questions in materials science. The two interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs) funded by the award include one on stability in supercooled glasses and a second on magnetics in strained membranes. Physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/bergmann-uwe/">Uwe Bergmann</a> is a co-lead on IRG-2 along with materials science and engineering professor and physics affiliate faculty member Jason Kawasaki.</p> <p>“The idea of our IRG is to make thin membranes of materials and then by straining them in various ways, changing their properties,” Bergmann says. “And our specific role is that we are in charge of x-ray and ultrafast characterization.”</p> <p>The membranes being studied are 20-50 nanometer thin, crystalline materials. Kawasaki developed a way to produce very strong strains, up to 10%, which disrupt the perfect crystal lattice when applied. Once the atoms are pulled out of equilibrium by the strain, the energy levels change a little, the bonding changes, and exotic new phases are introduced. Bergmann is part of the IRG-2 team whose role is to perform ultrafast characterization of these changes. His team then informs the simulations group, whose theoretical calculations inform Kawasaki’s sample synthesis group.</p> <p>“This is the typical circle between making the sample, finding out its properties, and understanding the properties — and then feeding it back to make new samples,” Bergmann says. “We’re trying to characterize these properties so that we can tailor them, so we can control them with light.”</p> <figure id="attachment_9777" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 960px;" aria-label="The X-FAST XUV laser developed in the Bergmann group | courtesy of the Bergmann group"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/XFAST.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-9777" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/XFAST.jpg" alt="a series of metallic boxes and cylinders with tubing and other apparatuses attached to them" width="960" height="563" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/XFAST.jpg 960w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/XFAST-300x176.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/XFAST-768x450.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The X-FAST XUV laser developed in the Bergmann group | courtesy of the Bergmann group</figcaption></figure> <p>Being able to control the materials’ properties with fast, electromagnetic light pulses could be a boon to faster, more efficient computing and telecommunications, an important potential application of this work.</p> <p>Bergmann’s role in MRSEC stems from his expertise in ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy. Since joining the department of physics in 2020, his group has developed and built the XUV transient absorption high harmonic generation instrument that will be used to characterize the changes in properties as a result of intense strain on the materials following ultrafast excitations. As part of the new funding, the X-FAST instrument is now a National User Facility, which provides access to researchers across the country. In addition, the new award is funding an upgrade that includes the terahertz (microwave to infrared) range for sample excitation, a range that team member and physics affiliate professor Jun Xiao has developed.</p> <p>In addition to the two research thrusts, MRSEC also runs a robust outreach and education program as part of the funding.</p> <p>MRSEC is <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/news/nsf-invests-162-million-research-centers">one of 21 NSF-funded centers</a> that conduct fundamental materials research, education and outreach at the nation’s leading research institutions. Paul Voyles, professor of materials science and engineering professor at UW–Madison, is MRSEC’s director.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/x-ray-imaging-and-spectroscopy/" rel="category tag">X-ray imaging and spectroscopy</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/grants/" rel="tag">grants</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/mrsec/" rel="tag">MRSEC</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/nsf/" rel="tag">NSF</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/x-fast/" rel="tag">X-FAST</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/xuv/" rel="tag">XUV</a></span> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="uw-footer"> <h2 class="show-for-sr uw-footer-header">Site footer content</h2> <div class="uw-footer-content"> <div class="uw-logo"> <div class="uw-logo-link-wrapper"><a href="https://www.wisc.edu" aria-label="Link to main university website"> <svg viewBox="0 0 326 216" version="1.1" role="img" focusable="false" aria-labelledby="dynid674b4e9cbddf72.74174177"> <title id="dynid674b4e9cbddf72.74174177">University logo that links to main university website</title> <g> <path d="M21.3,195.1c-5.7-4.1-6.2-3.7-8.3-10.1l-7.3-23c-1.1-3.4-2.1-7.5-5.2-9.6v-0.2h9.1c-0.2,1.4,0.4,3.3,0.7,4.5l9.3,28.9 l7.3-23.7c1.2-3.8,2.4-7.8-1-9.6v-0.2h8.8c-0.4,1.6,0.1,3.5,0.9,6.3l8.7,27l7-22.8c1.1-3.5,3.2-8.6-1.7-10.3v-0.2h9.6l-13.1,42.8 c-5.7-3.9-6.2-3.6-8.2-10L31,163.7L21.3,195.1z"/> <path d="M64.5,161.1c0-2.9,0.4-7.4-2.7-8.6v-0.2h11.8v0.2c-3.1,1.2-2.7,5.8-2.7,8.6v23.5c0,2.8-0.4,7.3,2.7,8.5v0.2H61.7v-0.2 c3.1-1.1,2.7-5.7,2.7-8.5V161.1z"/> <path d="M102.2,159.7c-2.4-2.5-6.3-3.9-9.8-3.9c-3.5,0-8,1.4-8,5.7c0,8.5,21.4,8.4,21.4,19.9c0,6.7-7,12.9-16.7,12.9 c-3.8,0-7.6-0.6-11.1-1.9l-1.8-7.8c3.7,3.2,8.8,5.2,13.6,5.2c3.5,0,8.9-2.1,8.9-6.5c0-9.7-21.4-8-21.4-21.2c0-7.8,8-10.8,15.6-10.8 c3.1,0,6.3,0.4,9.3,1.4V159.7z"/> <path 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