CINXE.COM
The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources - Primary Facts
<!DOCTYPE html><!--[if !IE]> <html class="no-js non-ie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="no-js ie7" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="no-js ie8" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 9 ]> <html class="no-js ie9" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--><!--[if gt IE 9]><!--><html class="no-js" lang="en-US"><!--<![endif]--><head><script>var __ezHttpConsent={setByCat:function(src,tagType,attributes,category,force){var setScript=function(){if(force||window.ezTcfConsent[category]){var scriptElement=document.createElement(tagType);scriptElement.src=src;attributes.forEach(function(attr){for(var key in attr){if(attr.hasOwnProperty(key)){scriptElement.setAttribute(key,attr[key]);}}});var firstScript=document.getElementsByTagName(tagType)[0];firstScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement,firstScript);}};if(force||(window.ezTcfConsent&&window.ezTcfConsent.loaded)){setScript();}else if(typeof getEzConsentData==="function"){getEzConsentData().then(function(ezTcfConsent){if(ezTcfConsent&&ezTcfConsent.loaded){setScript();}else{console.error("cannot get ez consent data");force=true;setScript();}});}else{force=true;setScript();console.error("getEzConsentData is not a function");}},};</script> <script>var ezTcfConsent=window.ezTcfConsent?window.ezTcfConsent:{loaded:false,store_info:false,develop_and_improve_services:false,measure_ad_performance:false,measure_content_performance:false,select_basic_ads:false,create_ad_profile:false,select_personalized_ads:false,create_content_profile:false,select_personalized_content:false,understand_audiences:false,use_limited_data_to_select_content:false,};function getEzConsentData(){return new Promise(function(resolve){document.addEventListener("ezConsentEvent",function(event){var ezTcfConsent=event.detail.ezTcfConsent;resolve(ezTcfConsent);});});}</script> <script>function _setEzCookies(ezConsentData){var cookies=[{name:"ezosuibasgeneris-1",value:"d6c0a7cc-e8c0-484f-7960-c18c1bd980da; Path=/; Domain=primaryfacts.com; Expires=Sun, 23 Nov 2025 13:57:54 UTC; Secure; SameSite=None",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezopvc_309627",value:"1; Path=/; Domain=primaryfacts.com; Expires=Sat, 23 Nov 2024 14:27:55 UTC",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezoab_309627",value:"mod286; Path=/; Domain=primaryfacts.com; Max-Age=7200",tcfCategory:"store_info",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"active_template::309627",value:"pub_site.1732370275; Path=/; Domain=primaryfacts.com; Expires=Mon, 25 Nov 2024 13:57:55 UTC",tcfCategory:"store_info",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezoadgid_309627",value:"-1; Path=/; Domain=primaryfacts.com; Max-Age=1800",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",}];for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){var cookie=cookies[i];if(ezConsentData&&ezConsentData.loaded&&ezConsentData[cookie.tcfCategory]){document.cookie=cookie.name+"="+cookie.value;}}} if(window.ezTcfConsent&&window.ezTcfConsent.loaded){_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}else if(typeof getEzConsentData==="function"){getEzConsentData().then(function(ezTcfConsent){if(ezTcfConsent&&ezTcfConsent.loaded){_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}else{console.error("cannot get ez consent data");_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}});}else{console.error("getEzConsentData is not a function");_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window._ezaq = Object.assign({"edge_cache_status":11,"edge_response_time":1308,"url":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/"}, typeof window._ezaq !== "undefined" ? window._ezaq : {});</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window._ezaq = Object.assign({"ab_test_id":"mod286"}, typeof window._ezaq !== "undefined" ? window._ezaq : {});window.__ez=window.__ez||{};window.__ez.tf={};</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window.ezDisableAds = true;</script><script data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false' data-pagespeed-no-defer>var __ez=__ez||{};__ez.stms=Date.now();__ez.evt={};__ez.script={};__ez.ck=__ez.ck||{};__ez.template={};__ez.template.isOrig=false;window.__ezScriptHost="//www.ezojs.com";__ez.queue=function(){var e=0,i=0,t=[],n=!1,o=[],r=[],s=!0,a=function(e,i,n,o,r,s,a){var l=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,d=this;this.name=e,this.funcName=i,this.parameters=null===n?null:w(n)?n:[n],this.isBlock=o,this.blockedBy=r,this.deleteWhenComplete=s,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.isInitialized=!1,this.proceedIfError=a,this.fWindow=l,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){u("... func = "+e),d.isInitialized=!0,d.isComplete=!0,u("... func.apply: "+e);var i=d.funcName.split("."),n=null,o=this.fWindow||window;i.length>3||(n=3===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]][i[2]]:2===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]]:o[d.funcName]),null!=n&&n.apply(null,this.parameters),!0===d.deleteWhenComplete&&delete t[e],!0===d.isBlock&&(u("----- F'D: "+d.name),m())}},l=function(e,i,t,n,o,r,s){var a=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,l=this;this.name=e,this.path=i,this.async=o,this.defer=r,this.isBlock=t,this.blockedBy=n,this.isInitialized=!1,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.proceedIfError=s,this.fWindow=a,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.isPath=function(e){return"/"===e[0]&&"/"!==e[1]},this.getSrc=function(e){return void 0!==window.__ezScriptHost&&this.isPath(e)&&"banger.js"!==this.name?window.__ezScriptHost+e:e},this.process=function(){l.isInitialized=!0,u("... file = "+e);var i=this.fWindow?this.fWindow.document:document,t=i.createElement("script");t.src=this.getSrc(this.path),!0===o?t.async=!0:!0===r&&(t.defer=!0),t.onerror=function(){var e={url:window.location.href,name:l.name,path:l.path,user_agent:window.navigator.userAgent};"undefined"!=typeof _ezaq&&(e.pageview_id=_ezaq.page_view_id);var i=encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(e)),t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","//g.ezoic.net/ezqlog?d="+i,!0),t.send(),u("----- ERR'D: "+l.name),l.isError=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&m()},t.onreadystatechange=t.onload=function(){var e=t.readyState;u("----- F'D: "+l.name),e&&!/loaded|complete/.test(e)||(l.isComplete=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&m())},i.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}},d=function(e,i){this.name=e,this.path="",this.async=!1,this.defer=!1,this.isBlock=!1,this.blockedBy=[],this.isInitialized=!0,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=i,this.proceedIfError=!1,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){}};function c(e,i,n,s,a,d,c,f,u){var m=new l(e,i,n,s,a,d,c,u);!0===f?o[e]=m:r[e]=m,t[e]=m,h(m)}function h(e){!0!==f(e)&&0!=s&&e.process()}function f(e){if(!0===e.isTimeDelay&&!1===n)return u(e.name+" blocked = TIME DELAY!"),!0;if(w(e.blockedBy))for(var i=0;i<e.blockedBy.length;i++){var o=e.blockedBy[i];if(!1===t.hasOwnProperty(o))return u(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0;if(!0===e.proceedIfError&&!0===t[o].isError)return!1;if(!1===t[o].isComplete)return u(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0}return!1}function u(e){var i=window.location.href,t=new RegExp("[?&]ezq=([^&#]*)","i").exec(i);"1"===(t?t[1]:null)&&console.debug(e)}function m(){++e>200||(u("let's go"),p(o),p(r))}function p(e){for(var i in e)if(!1!==e.hasOwnProperty(i)){var t=e[i];!0===t.isComplete||f(t)||!0===t.isInitialized||!0===t.isError?!0===t.isError?u(t.name+": error"):!0===t.isComplete?u(t.name+": complete already"):!0===t.isInitialized&&u(t.name+": initialized already"):t.process()}}function w(e){return"[object Array]"==Object.prototype.toString.call(e)}return window.addEventListener("load",(function(){setTimeout((function(){n=!0,u("TDELAY -----"),m()}),5e3)}),!1),{addFile:c,addFileOnce:function(e,i,n,o,r,s,a,l,d){t[e]||c(e,i,n,o,r,s,a,l,d)},addDelayFile:function(e,i){var n=new l(e,i,!1,[],!1,!1,!0);n.isTimeDelay=!0,u(e+" ... FILE! TDELAY"),r[e]=n,t[e]=n,h(n)},addFunc:function(e,n,s,l,d,c,f,u,m,p){!0===c&&(e=e+"_"+i++);var w=new a(e,n,s,l,d,f,u,p);!0===m?o[e]=w:r[e]=w,t[e]=w,h(w)},addDelayFunc:function(e,i,n){var o=new a(e,i,n,!1,[],!0,!0);o.isTimeDelay=!0,u(e+" ... FUNCTION! TDELAY"),r[e]=o,t[e]=o,h(o)},items:t,processAll:m,setallowLoad:function(e){s=e},markLoaded:function(e){if(e&&0!==e.length){if(e in t){var i=t[e];!0===i.isComplete?u(i.name+" "+e+": error loaded duplicate"):(i.isComplete=!0,i.isInitialized=!0)}else t[e]=new d(e,!0);u("markLoaded dummyfile: "+t[e].name)}},logWhatsBlocked:function(){for(var e in t)!1!==t.hasOwnProperty(e)&&f(t[e])}}}();__ez.evt.add=function(e,t,n){e.addEventListener?e.addEventListener(t,n,!1):e.attachEvent?e.attachEvent("on"+t,n):e["on"+t]=n()},__ez.evt.remove=function(e,t,n){e.removeEventListener?e.removeEventListener(t,n,!1):e.detachEvent?e.detachEvent("on"+t,n):delete e["on"+t]};__ez.script.add=function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)};__ez.dot={};__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/boise.js', '/detroitchicago/boise.js?gcb=195-0&cb=5', true, [], true, false, true, false);__ez.queue.addFile('/parsonsmaize/abilene.js', '/parsonsmaize/abilene.js?gcb=195-0&cb=41', true, [], true, false, true, false);</script> <script data-ezscrex="false" type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false">window._ezaq = Object.assign({"ad_cache_level":1,"adpicker_placement_cnt":7,"ai_placeholder_cache_level":3,"ai_placeholder_placement_cnt":7,"domain_id":309627,"ezcache_level":1,"ezcache_skip_code":4,"has_bad_image":0,"has_bad_words":0,"is_sitespeed":0,"lt_cache_level":0,"publish_date":"2013-03-03","response_size":44214,"response_size_orig":37906,"response_time_orig":1130,"template_id":134,"url":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/","word_count":216,"worst_bad_word_level":0}, typeof window._ezaq !== "undefined" ? window._ezaq : {});__ez.queue.markLoaded('ezaqBaseReady');</script> <link rel='preload' as='script' href='//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'> <link rel='preload' as='script' href='//go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?cb=195-0-111'> <script type="text/javascript">(function(){function storageAvailable(type){var storage;try{storage=window[type];var x='__storage_test__';storage.setItem(x,x);storage.removeItem(x);return true;} catch(e){return e instanceof DOMException&&(e.code===22||e.code===1014||e.name==='QuotaExceededError'||e.name==='NS_ERROR_DOM_QUOTA_REACHED')&&(storage&&storage.length!==0);}} function remove_ama_config(){if(storageAvailable('localStorage')){localStorage.removeItem("google_ama_config");}} remove_ama_config()})()</script> <script type="text/javascript">var ezoicTestActive = true</script> <script type='text/javascript' data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'> window.ezAnalyticsStatic = true; function analyticsAddScript(script) { var ezDynamic = document.createElement('script'); ezDynamic.type = 'text/javascript'; ezDynamic.innerHTML = script; document.head.appendChild(ezDynamic); } function getCookiesWithPrefix() { var allCookies = document.cookie.split(';'); var cookiesWithPrefix = {}; for (var i = 0; i < allCookies.length; i++) { var cookie = allCookies[i].trim(); for (var j = 0; j < arguments.length; j++) { var prefix = arguments[j]; if (cookie.indexOf(prefix) === 0) { var cookieParts = cookie.split('='); var cookieName = cookieParts[0]; var cookieValue = cookieParts.slice(1).join('='); cookiesWithPrefix[cookieName] = decodeURIComponent(cookieValue); break; // Once matched, no need to check other prefixes } } } return cookiesWithPrefix; } function productAnalytics() { var d = {"pr":[1,6],"aop":{"4":134,"7":0},"omd5":"4da8e9743501120d1efe33a6cac2a507"}; d.u = _ezaq.url; d.p = _ezaq.page_view_id; d.v = _ezaq.visit_uuid; d.ab = _ezaq.ab_test_id; d.e = JSON.stringify(_ezaq); d.ref = document.referrer; d.c = getCookiesWithPrefix('active_template', 'ez', 'lp_'); if(typeof ez_utmParams !== 'undefined') { d.utm = ez_utmParams; } var dataText = JSON.stringify(d); var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('POST','/ezais/analytics?cb=1', true); xhr.onload = function () { if (xhr.status!=200) { return; } if(document.readyState !== 'loading') { analyticsAddScript(xhr.response); return; } var eventFunc = function() { if(document.readyState === 'loading') { return; } document.removeEventListener('readystatechange', eventFunc, false); analyticsAddScript(xhr.response); }; document.addEventListener('readystatechange', eventFunc, false); }; xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','text/plain'); xhr.send(dataText); } __ez.queue.addFunc("productAnalytics", "productAnalytics", null, true, ['ezaqBaseReady'], false, false, false, true); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false" async=""> function productEzoicAds() { if(window.ezDisableAds === true) { return; } window.google_reactive_ads_global_state = { adCount: {}, floatingAdsStacking: { maxZIndexListeners: [], maxZIndexRestrictions: {}, nextRestrictionId: 0 }, messageValidationEnabled: false, reactiveTypeDisabledByPublisher: {}, reactiveTypeEnabledInAsfe: {}, sideRailAvailableSpace: [], sideRailOverlappableElements: [], stateForType: {}, tagSpecificState: {}, wasPlaTagProcessed: true, wasReactiveAdConfigReceived: { 1: true, 2: true, 8: true }, wasReactiveAdVisible: {}, wasReactiveTagRequestSent: true, description: "Can't disable auto ads programmatically on the page, so here we are!" }; var d = {"ab":"","km":{},"pv":"","vu":"7946cccd-a17f-4ce1-4f40-0ed86f2a5ce6","r":{"r":[{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-250x250-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-300x250-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-320x100-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-300x50v2-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-320x50-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-336x280-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-320x100v2-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-468x60-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-728x90-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-970x250-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-300x250x3-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-700-top_of_page-970x90-700-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":700},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-250x250-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-300x250-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-320x100-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-300x50v2-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-320x50-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-336x280-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-320x100v2-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-468x60-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-728x90-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-970x250-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-300x250x3-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-126-top_of_page-970x90-126-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":126},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-189-under_page_title-320x100-189-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":189},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-189-under_page_title-300x50v2-189-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":189},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-189-under_page_title-320x50-189-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":189},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-189-under_page_title-468x60-189-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":189},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-250x250-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-300x250-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-320x100-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-300x50v2-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-320x50-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-336x280-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-320x100v2-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-468x60-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-580x400-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-250x250x2-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-129-under_page_title-728x90-129-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":129},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-250x250-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-300x250-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-320x100-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-300x50v2-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-320x50-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-336x280-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-320x100v2-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-468x60-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-901-under_page_title-728x90-901-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":901},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-250x250-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-300x250-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-320x100-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-300x50v2-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-320x50-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-336x280-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-320x100v2-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-468x60-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-580x400-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-250x250x2-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-137-under_first_paragraph-728x90-137-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":137},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-250x250-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-300x250-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-320x100-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-300x50v2-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-320x50-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-336x280-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-320x100v2-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-468x60-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-580x400-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-250x250x2-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-909-under_first_paragraph-728x90-909-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":909},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-120x600-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-160x600-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-250x250-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-300x1050-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-300x250v4-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-300x250-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-300x600-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-300x250v2-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-120x600x2-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-336x280-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-703-sidebar-320x100v2-703-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":703},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-122-sidebar-120x600-122-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":122},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-122-sidebar-160x600-122-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":122},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-122-sidebar-250x250-122-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":122},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-120x600-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-160x600-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-250x250-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-300x250-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-336x280-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-115-sidebar_middle-320x100v2-115-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":115},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-120x600-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-160x600-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-250x250-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-300x1050-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-300x250v4-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-300x250-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-300x600-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-300x250v2-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-120x600x2-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-336x280-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-707-sidebar_bottom-320x100v2-707-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":707},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-120x600-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-160x600-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-250x250-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-300x250-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-300x600-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-300x250v2-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-120x600x2-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-320x100-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-300x50v2-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-320x50-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-336x280-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-190-sidebar_floating_1-320x100v2-190-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":190},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-250x250-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-300x250-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-320x100-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-300x50v2-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-320x50-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-336x280-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-320x100v2-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-468x60-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-580x400-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-250x250x2-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-728x90-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-970x250-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-300x250x3-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-127-bottom_of_page-970x90-127-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":127},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-250x250-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-300x250-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-320x100-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-300x50v2-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-320x50-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-336x280-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-320x100v2-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-468x60-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-728x90-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-970x250-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-300x250x3-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-702-bottom_of_page-970x90-702-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":702},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-100-bottom_floating-728x90-100-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":100},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-100-bottom_floating-970x90-100-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":100},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-975-edge-160x600-975-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":975}],"a":{"100":true,"115":true,"122":true,"126":true,"127":true,"129":true,"137":true,"189":true,"190":true,"6":true,"700":true,"702":true,"703":true,"707":true,"901":true,"909":true,"975":true},"g":-1,"l":{"0":0,"1":0,"2":0,"3":0,"4":0,"5":0,"6":0},"m":{"0":0,"1":0,"2":0,"3":0,"4":0,"5":0,"6":0},"v":0,"ve":false,"hr":false},"cr":"","tid":134,"tn":"pub_site","url":"","wc":216,"ff":1,"dhh":""}; d.ab = _ezaq.ab_test_id; d.pv = _ezaq.page_view_id; d.vu = _ezaq.visit_uuid; d.url = window.location.href; var dynamicAddScript = function(script) { if(window.ezFinishedStatic === true) { console.error("attempted to load dynamic script again"); return; } var errorMessages = []; function errorHandler(event) { var errorObj = event.error; if (errorObj && errorObj.stack && errorObj.stack.indexOf('dynamicAddScript') !== -1) { var errorMessage = { Message: event.message, LineNo: event.lineno, ColumnNo: event.colno, Stack: errorObj.stack }; errorMessages.push(errorMessage); } if (typeof window.onerror === 'function') { window.onerror.apply(this, arguments); } } window.addEventListener('error', errorHandler); var ezDynamic = document.createElement('script'); ezDynamic.type = 'text/javascript'; ezDynamic.innerHTML = script; document.head.appendChild(ezDynamic); window.removeEventListener('error', errorHandler); if (window.ezFinishedStatic !== true || typeof window.ezstaticerrors !== 'undefined') { d.Script = script; d.ErrorMessages = JSON.stringify(errorMessages); d.ErrorStaticMessages = window.ezstaticerrors || ''; var dataTxt = JSON.stringify(d); if (dataTxt.length > 0) { var logXHR = new XMLHttpRequest() logXHR.open('POST','/ezais/log?cb=1', true); logXHR.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/json'); logXHR.send(dataTxt); } } }; var dataText = JSON.stringify(d); if (dataText.length > 0) { var startTime = Date.now() - __ez.stms; var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('POST','/ezais/dynamic?cb=1', true); xhr.onload = function () { if (xhr.status!=200) { return; } if(document.readyState !== 'loading') { dynamicAddScript(xhr.response); return; } var eventFunc = function() { if(document.readyState === 'loading') { return; } document.removeEventListener('readystatechange', eventFunc, false); dynamicAddScript(xhr.response); }; document.addEventListener('readystatechange', eventFunc, false); }; xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','text/plain'); xhr.send(dataText); } } __ez.queue.addFunc("productEzoicAds", "productEzoicAds", null, true, ['ezaqReady'], false, false, false, true); </script><base href="https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/"/> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta name="theme-color" content=""/> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1"/> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources - Primary Facts</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources - Primary Facts"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Welcome to section of Primary Facts devoted to the Romans. Use the links below to find the facts and information you’re looking for. Who were the Romans? Roman Invasion of Britain What did the Romans bring to Britain? What language did the Romans speak? Roman Entertainment Roman Education Types of Roman Gladiators Roman Gods and […]"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Primary Facts"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-01-30T20:11:06+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time"/> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/","url":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/","name":"The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources - Primary Facts","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg","datePublished":"2013-03-03T21:08:04+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-30T20:11:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#primaryimage","url":"http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg","contentUrl":"http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://primaryfacts.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://primaryfacts.com/#website","url":"https://primaryfacts.com/","name":"Primary Facts","description":"Interesting Facts for Kids, Pupils, Parents and Teachers","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://primaryfacts.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"/> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/primaryfacts.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id="global-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="cntctfrm_form_style-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-plugin/css/form_style.css?ver=4.3.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="sparkling-bootstrap-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=6.7.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="sparkling-icons-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/assets/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?ver=5.1.1." type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="sparkling-fonts-css" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400italic%2C400%2C600%2C700%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C300%2C700&ver=6.7.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="sparkling-style-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/style.css?ver=2.4.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="upw_theme_standard-css" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-posts-widget/css/upw-theme-standard.min.css?ver=6.7.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/assets/js/vendor/bootstrap.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="sparkling-bootstrapjs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/assets/js/functions.js?ver=20180503" id="sparkling-functions-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/892"/><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprimaryfacts.com%2Fthe-romans-facts-information-and-resources%2F"/> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprimaryfacts.com%2Fthe-romans-facts-information-and-resources%2F&format=xml"/> <meta name="ahrefs-site-verification" content="46249902fbd90709b1ad01349c45905f8ad11cac0b746d56d43ddde4e2686aff"/><style type="text/css">.btn-default:hover, .btn-default:focus,.label-default[href]:hover, .label-default[href]:focus, .tagcloud a:hover, .tagcloud a:focus, button, .main-content [class*="navigation"] a:hover, .main-content [class*="navigation"] a:focus, #infinite-handle span:hover, #infinite-handle span:focus-within, .btn.btn-default.read-more:hover, .btn.btn-default.read-more:focus, .btn-default:hover, .btn-default:focus, .scroll-to-top:hover, .scroll-to-top:focus, .btn-default:active, .btn-default.active, .site-main [class*="navigation"] a:hover, .site-main [class*="navigation"] a:focus, .more-link:hover, .more-link:focus, #image-navigation .nav-previous a:hover, #image-navigation .nav-previous a:focus, #image-navigation .nav-next a:hover, #image-navigation .nav-next a:focus, .cfa-button:hover, .cfa-button:focus, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:focus, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:hover, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:focus, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:focus, .woocommerce a.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce a.button.alt:focus, .woocommerce button.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce button.button.alt:focus, .woocommerce input.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce input.button.alt:focus, a:hover .flex-caption h2 { background-color: #444444; border-color: #444444; }.pagination>li>a:focus, .pagination>li>a:hover, .pagination>li>span:focus-within, .pagination>li>span:hover {color: #444444;}body, .entry-content {color:#444444}.entry-content {font-size:16px}</style> <style type="text/css"> .navbar > .container .navbar-brand { color: #dadada; } </style> <script type='text/javascript'> var ezoTemplate = 'pub_site'; var ezouid = '1'; var ezoFormfactor = '1'; </script><script data-ezscrex="false" type='text/javascript'> var soc_app_id = '0'; var did = 309627; var ezdomain = 'primaryfacts.com'; var ezoicSearchable = 1; </script></head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-892"> <a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default " role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="site-navigation-inner col-sm-12"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div id="logo"> <p class="site-name"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://primaryfacts.com/" title="Primary Facts" rel="home">Primary Facts</a> </p> </div><!-- end of #logo --> <button type="button" class="btn navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-ex1-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse"><ul id="menu-main" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-5415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5415"><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/popular-articles/">Popular Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-115"><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/about-primary-facts/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-428" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-428"><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-608"><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/contact-primary-facts/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav><!-- .site-navigation --> </header><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-700" data-method="ai-placeholders" class="ezoic-autoinsert-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="700"></span><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-126" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="126"></span> <div class="top-section"> </div> <div class="container main-content-area"> <div class="row side-pull-left"> <div class="main-content-inner col-sm-12 col-md-8"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div class="post-inner-content"> <article id="post-892" class="post-892 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <header class="entry-header page-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">The Romans: Facts, Information and Resources<span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-189" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="189"></span></h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p><!--OffBegin--><br/> <a href="http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-893" src="http://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg" alt="The Romans" width="635" height="130" srcset="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans.jpg 635w, https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/theromans-300x61.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px"/></a></p><!-- Ezoic - wp_under_page_title - under_page_title --><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-129" data-inserter-version="2"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="129"></span><!-- End Ezoic - wp_under_page_title - under_page_title --> <p>Welcome to section of Primary Facts devoted to the Romans.</p> <p>Use the links below to find the facts and information you’re looking for.</p><!-- End Ezoic - gen_under_page_title - under_page_title --><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-901" data-method="placement-service"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="901"></span><!-- Ezoic - gen_under_page_title - under_page_title --><!-- Ezoic - wp_under_first_paragraph - under_first_paragraph --><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-137" data-inserter-version="2"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="137"></span><!-- End Ezoic - wp_under_first_paragraph - under_first_paragraph --> <ul> <li><a title="Who Were The Romans and Where Did They Come From?" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1181/who-were-the-romans-and-where-did-they-come-from/">Who were the Romans?</a></li> <li><a title="The Roman Invasion of Britain: When and Why?" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1256/the-roman-invasion-of-britain-when-and-why/">Roman Invasion of Britain</a></li> <li><a title="What did the Romans bring to Britain?" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1260/what-did-the-romans-bring-to-britain/">What did the Romans bring to Britain?</a></li> <li><a title="What language did the Romans speak?" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1145/what-language-did-the-romans-speak/">What language did the Romans speak?</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Entertainment Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1184/roman-entertainment-facts/">Roman Entertainment</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Schools and Education Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/3584/roman-schools-and-education-facts/">Roman Education</a></li> <li><a title="Different Types of Roman Gladiators" href="http://primaryfacts.com/89/different-types-of-roman-gladiators/">Types of Roman Gladiators</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Gods and Goddesses: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/5765/roman-gods-and-goddesses-facts-and-information/">Roman Gods and Goddesses</a></li> <li><a title="Facts About Roman Roads" href="http://primaryfacts.com/897/facts-about-roman-roads/">Roman Roads</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Mosaics: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/3577/roman-mosaics-facts-and-information/">Roman Mosaics</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Agriculture: Facts About Roman Farms" href="http://primaryfacts.com/3586/roman-agriculture-facts-about-roman-farms/">Roman Farms and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Food Facts: What Did the Romans Eat?" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1135/roman-food-facts-what-did-the-romans-eat/">Roman Food and Drink</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Buildings: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/3582/roman-buildings-facts-and-information/">Roman Buildings</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Baths: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1140/roman-baths-facts-and-information/">Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a title="Facts About Ancient Roman Clothes and Costume" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1175/facts-about-ancient-roman-clothes-and-costume/">Roman Clothes and Costume</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Army Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1179/roman-army-facts/">The Roman Army</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Soldier Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1177/roman-soldier-facts/">Roman Soldiers</a></li> <li><a title="Roman Forts: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/4957/roman-forts-facts-and-information/">Roman Forts</a></li> <li><a title="Facts About Hadrian’s Wall" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1540/facts-about-hadrians-wall/">Hadrian’s Wall</a></li> <li><a title="10 Pompeii Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1677/10-pompeii-facts/">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a title="Herculaneum: Facts and Information" href="http://primaryfacts.com/3311/herculaneum-facts-and-information/">Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a title="Julius Caesar Facts" href="http://primaryfacts.com/1316/julius-caesar-facts/">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/3414/caerwent-facts-and-information/">Caerwent</a></li> </ul> <p>Go to the <a title="History" href="http://primaryfacts.com/history/">History Index</a> page.</p> <p><!--Ads3--></p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-## --> </div> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-191" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/the-romans-facts-information-and-resources/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate=""><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required=""></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required=""/></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required=""/></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url"/></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment"/> <input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="892" id="comment_post_ID"/> <input type="hidden" name="comment_parent" id="comment_parent" value="0"/> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="454bfc06ed"/></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="241"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div><!-- #respond --> <p class="akismet_comment_form_privacy_notice">This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. <a href="https://akismet.com/privacy/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Learn how your comment data is processed</a>.</p><!-- End Ezoic - gen_under_first_paragraph - under_first_paragraph --><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-909" data-method="placement-service"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="909"></span><!-- Ezoic - gen_under_first_paragraph - under_first_paragraph --> </div><!-- #comments --> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- close .main-content-inner --> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area col-sm-12 col-md-4" role="complementary"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-703" data-method="ai-placeholders" class="ezoic-autoinsert-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="703"></span> <div class="well"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-122" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="122"></span> <aside id="search-4" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="form-search" action="https://primaryfacts.com/"> <div class="input-group"> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" class="form-control search-query" placeholder="Search…" value="" name="s" title="Search for:"/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </span> </div> </form> </aside><aside id="text-12" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-104"></span> </div> </aside><aside id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/amazon-associates-disclaimer/" data-type="page" data-id="8492">Amazon Affiliate Disclaimer</a></p> </aside><aside id="widget_sp_image-2" class="widget widget_sp_image"><h3 class="widget-title">Rise of the Metrimancer</h3><a href="https://www.royalroad.com/fiction/80241/rise-of-the-metrimancer/chapter/1486991/chapter-1-the-marking-ceremony" target="_blank" class="widget_sp_image-image-link" title="Rise of the Metrimancer"><img width="245" height="400" alt="Rise of the Metrimancer" class="attachment-full aligncenter" style="max-width: 100%;" srcset="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Rise-of-the-Metrimancer.jpg 245w, https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Rise-of-the-Metrimancer-184x300.jpg 184w" sizes="(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Rise-of-the-Metrimancer.jpg"/></a></aside> <aside id="recent-posts-5" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9708/christmas-in-australia/">Christmas in Australia: Facts About Australian Christmas Traditions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9695/facts-about-the-minotaur/">Facts About The Minotaur</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9691/10-marcus-rashford-quotes/">10 Marcus Rashford Quotes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9670/michael-rosen-facts/">Michael Rosen Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9664/lord-carnarvon-facts/">Lord Carnarvon Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9651/peter-blake-facts/">Peter Blake Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9648/vivienne-westwood-facts/">Vivienne Westwood Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9643/kurt-schwitters-facts/">Kurt Schwitters Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9638/what-is-photorealism/">What is Photorealism? Facts and Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://primaryfacts.com/9632/audrey-flack-facts/">Audrey Flack Facts</a> </li> </ul> </aside> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-115" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="115"></span><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-707" data-method="ai-placeholders" class="ezoic-autoinsert-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="707"></span></div> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-190" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="190"></span></div><!-- #secondary --> </div><!-- close .row --> </div><!-- close .container --> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-127" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="127"></span></div><!-- close .site-content --> <div id="footer-area"> <div class="container footer-inner"> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-702" data-method="ai-placeholders" class="ezoic-autoinsert-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="702"></span><div class="row"> <div class="footer-widget-area"> <div class="col-sm-4 footer-widget" role="complementary"> <div id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p><a href="https://primaryfacts.com/amazon-associates-disclaimer/" data-type="page" data-id="8492">Amazon Affiliate Disclaimer</a></p> </div> </div><!-- .widget-area .first --> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-info container"> <div class="row"> <nav role="navigation" class="col-md-6"> </nav> <div class="copyright col-md-6"> sparkling Theme by <a href="http://colorlib.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Colorlib</a> Powered by <a href="http://wordpress.org/" target="_blank">WordPress</a> </div> </div> </div><!-- .site-info --> <div class="scroll-to-top"><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></div><!-- .scroll-to-top --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div> </div><!-- #page --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { if ($(window).width() >= 767) { $('.navbar-nav > li.menu-item > a').click(function () { if ($(this).attr('target') !== '_blank') { window.location = $(this).attr('href') } }) } }) </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/themes/sparkling/assets/js/skip-link-focus-fix.min.js?ver=20140222" id="sparkling-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script defer="" type="text/javascript" src="https://primaryfacts.com/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1732265682" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <!--[selectrongo:done]--><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-100"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="100"></span><div id="ez-sidebar-wall-left" class="ez-sidebar-wall" style="left: 0px;"> <div class="ez-sidebar-wall-ad"> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-975"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="975"></span> <span class="ez-rail-close" id="ez-rail-close-left" style="top: -21px; left: 0; display: none;" onclick="__ez_close_rail(this.parentElement.parentElement.id)">x</span> </div> </div><script async src="https://g.ezodn.com/cmp/v2/v.js?v=4"></script><script>(function(){if(typeof document.body==='undefined'||document.body===null){return;} var attachEvent=function(element,evt,func){if(element.addEventListener){element.addEventListener(evt,func,false);}else{element.attachEvent("on"+evt,func);}};attachEvent(document.body,"ezVigImpression",function(e){if(typeof(_ezaq)!=="undefined"&&typeof e==="object"){__ez.pel.Add(e.slot,[(new __ezDotData(e.key,e.value))]);}});})();</script><script>window.__ez_vig_close_wrapper=function(closeFunc,urlAddition){closeFunc();var vc={"enabled":false,"useVignetteLoader":true,"fireEventName":"ezVigImpression","impressionSource":"siderail","urlAddition":"utm_content=sr-left","disableFloor":true,"eventHandlerTest":false};if(typeof urlAddition=='string'){vc.urlAddition=urlAddition;} var v=newEzVignette(vc);v.handleClick();};</script> <script type='text/javascript' style='display:none;' async>if (typeof window.__ez !== 'undefined' && window.__ez?.queue?.addFileOnce) {window.__ez.queue.addFileOnce('identity', 'https://go.ezodn.com/detroitchicago/indy.js?cb=10&gcb=0', true, [], true, false, false, true);} </script><script data-cfasync="false">function _emitEzConsentEvent(){var customEvent=new CustomEvent("ezConsentEvent",{detail:{ezTcfConsent:window.ezTcfConsent},bubbles:true,cancelable:true,});document.dispatchEvent(customEvent);} (function(window,document){function _setAllEzConsentTrue(){window.ezTcfConsent.loaded=true;window.ezTcfConsent.store_info=true;window.ezTcfConsent.develop_and_improve_services=true;window.ezTcfConsent.measure_ad_performance=true;window.ezTcfConsent.measure_content_performance=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_basic_ads=true;window.ezTcfConsent.create_ad_profile=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_ads=true;window.ezTcfConsent.create_content_profile=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=true;window.ezTcfConsent.understand_audiences=true;window.ezTcfConsent.use_limited_data_to_select_content=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=true;} function _clearEzConsentCookie(){document.cookie="ezCMPCookieConsent=tcf2;Domain=.primaryfacts.com;Path=/;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";} _clearEzConsentCookie();if(typeof window.__tcfapi!=="undefined"){window.ezgconsent=false;var amazonHasRun=false;function _ezAllowed(tcdata,purpose){return(tcdata.purpose.consents[purpose]||tcdata.purpose.legitimateInterests[purpose]);} function _reloadAds(){if(typeof window.ezorefgsl==="function"&&typeof window.ezslots==="object"){if(typeof __ezapsFetchBids=="function"&&amazonHasRun===false){ezapsFetchBids(__ezaps);if(typeof __ezapsVideo!="undefined"){ezapsFetchBids(__ezapsVideo,"video");} amazonHasRun=true;} var slots=[];for(var i=0;i<window.ezslots.length;i++){if(window[window.ezslots[i]]&&typeof window[window.ezslots[i]]==="object"){slots.push(window[window.ezslots[i]]);}else{setTimeout(_reloadAds,100);return false;}} for(var i=0;i<slots.length;i++){window.ezorefgsl(slots[i]);}}else if(!window.ezadtimeoutset){window.ezadtimeoutset=true;setTimeout(_reloadAds,100);}} function _handleConsentDecision(tcdata){window.ezTcfConsent.loaded=true;if(!tcdata.vendor.consents["347"]&&!tcdata.vendor.legitimateInterests["347"]){window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} window.ezTcfConsent.store_info=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"1");window.ezTcfConsent.develop_and_improve_services=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"10");window.ezTcfConsent.measure_content_performance=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"8");window.ezTcfConsent.select_basic_ads=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"2");window.ezTcfConsent.create_ad_profile=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"3");window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_ads=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"4");window.ezTcfConsent.create_content_profile=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"5");window.ezTcfConsent.measure_ad_performance=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"7");window.ezTcfConsent.use_limited_data_to_select_content=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"11");window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"6");window.ezTcfConsent.understand_audiences=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"9");window._emitEzConsentEvent();} function _handleGoogleConsentV2(tcdata){if(!tcdata||!tcdata.purpose||!tcdata.purpose.consents){return;} var googConsentV2={};if(tcdata.purpose.consents[1]){googConsentV2.ad_storage='granted';googConsentV2.analytics_storage='granted';} if(tcdata.purpose.consents[3]&&tcdata.purpose.consents[4]){googConsentV2.ad_personalization='granted';} if(tcdata.purpose.consents[1]&&tcdata.purpose.consents[7]){googConsentV2.ad_user_data='granted';} if(googConsentV2.analytics_storage=='denied'){gtag('set','url_passthrough',true);} gtag('consent','update',googConsentV2);} __tcfapi("addEventListener",2,function(tcdata,success){if(!success||!tcdata){window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} if(!tcdata.gdprApplies){_setAllEzConsentTrue();window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} if(tcdata.eventStatus==="useractioncomplete"||tcdata.eventStatus==="tcloaded"){if(typeof gtag!='undefined'){_handleGoogleConsentV2(tcdata);} _handleConsentDecision(tcdata);if(tcdata.purpose.consents["1"]===true&&tcdata.vendor.consents["755"]!==false){window.ezgconsent=true;(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).pauseAdRequests=0;_reloadAds();}else{_reloadAds();} if(window.__ezconsent){__ezconsent.setEzoicConsentSettings(ezConsentCategories);} __tcfapi("removeEventListener",2,function(success){return null;},tcdata.listenerId);if(!(tcdata.purpose.consents["1"]===true&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"2")&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"3")&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"4"))){if(typeof __ez=="object"&&typeof __ez.bit=="object"&&typeof window["_ezaq"]=="object"&&typeof window["_ezaq"]["page_view_id"]=="string"){__ez.bit.Add(window["_ezaq"]["page_view_id"],[new __ezDotData("non_personalized_ads",true),]);}}}});}else{_setAllEzConsentTrue();window._emitEzConsentEvent();}})(window,document);</script></body></html>