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Choe</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hak- Chol Choe"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hak- Chol Choe"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hak- Chol Choe"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 35</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hak- Chol Choe</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Treatment of Coal-Water-Oil Slurry Using High Voltage Discharge and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song-Chol%20Pak">Song-Chol Pak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jun%20Kim"> Yong-Jun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hak-%20Chol%20Choe"> Hak- Chol Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Son%20Choe"> Yong-Son Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We converted the coal-water-oil slurry (CWOS) into an alternative fuel (AF) for internal combustion engines by high-voltage discharge (HVD) and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas. After its treatments, the CWOS had the average coal size reduced from 12.95 to 8.26㎛, improved dispersibility, fewer deposits, and calorific value enhanced by 35%. The effects of some parameters were analyzed on the conversion of CWOS to AF, and the AF was characterized. The plasma-treated CWOS is similar to other liquid fuels in rheological properties and calorific value. It is therefore concluded that it can be directly employed in internal combustion engines with a little design modification. The suggested method may be an alternative way of converting CWOS to AF without any dispersant or stabilizer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal-water-oil%20slurry" title="coal-water-oil slurry">coal-water-oil slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-voltage%20discharge" title=" high-voltage discharge"> high-voltage discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20barrier%20discharge" title=" dielectric barrier discharge"> dielectric barrier discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20treatment" title=" plasma treatment"> plasma treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20fuel" title=" alternative fuel"> alternative fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191431/treatment-of-coal-water-oil-slurry-using-high-voltage-discharge-and-dielectric-barrier-discharge-plasmas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effect of Mixture of Flaxseed and Pumpkin Seeds Powder on Hypercholesterolemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Ashraf">Zahra Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flax and pumpkin seeds are a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and fiber, known to have anti-atherogenic properties. Hypercholesterolemia is a state characterized by the elevated level of cholesterol in the blood. This research was designed to study the effect of flax and pumpkin seeds powder mixture on hypercholesterolemia and body weight. Rat’s species were selected as human representative. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a CD-chol group (control diet+cholesterol) fed with 1.5% cholesterol and FP-chol group (flaxseed and pumpkin seed powder+ cholesterol) fed with 1.5% cholesterol. Flax and pumpkin seed powder mixed at proportion of (5/1) (omega-3 and omega-6). Blood samples were collected to examine lipid profile and body weight was also measured. Thus the data was subjected to analysis of variance. In CD-chol group, body weight, total cholesterol TC, triacylglycerides TG in plasma, plasma LDL-C, ratio significantly increased with a decrease in plasma HDL (good cholesterol). In FP-chol group lipid parameters and body weights were decreased significantly with an increase in HDL and decrease in LDL (bad cholesterol). The mean values of body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoproteins in FP-chol group were 240.66±11.35g, 59.60±2.20mg/dl, 50.20±1.79 mg/dl, 36.20±1.62mg/dl, 36.40±2.20 mg/dl, respectively. Flaxseed and pumpkin seeds powder mixture showed reduction in body weight, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. While significant increase was shown in high density lipoproteins when given to hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results suggested that flax and pumpkin seed mixture has hypocholesterolemic effects which were probably mediated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) present in seed mixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercolesterolemia" title="hypercolesterolemia">hypercolesterolemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omega%203%20and%20omega%206%20fatty%20acids" title=" omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids"> omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title=" cardiovascular diseases"> cardiovascular diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18805/effect-of-mixture-of-flaxseed-and-pumpkin-seeds-powder-on-hypercholesterolemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Removal of Deposits and Improvement of Shelf Life in CO₂-Rich Mineral Water by Ozone-Microbubbles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Un%20Hwa%20Choe">Un Hwa Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Hyon%20Choe"> Jong Hyon Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Jun%20Kim"> Yong Jun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to effectively remove Fe2+ by using ozone microbubbles in bottled mineral water to prevent sediment from occurring during storage and increase shelf life. By considering the characteristics of mineral water with low solubility of ozone and high CO2 content, a suitable ozone injection step was chosen and a new mineral water treatment method using microbubbles was proposed. As a result of the treatment of the bottled mineral water with ozone microbubbles, the iron ion concentration was reduced from 0.14 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L, and the shelf life increased to 360 days. During the treatment, the concentrations of K+ and Na+ were almost unchanged, and the deposition time was reduced to one-third compared to the natural oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82-rich%20mineral%20water" title="CO₂-rich mineral water">CO₂-rich mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone-micro%20bubble" title=" ozone-micro bubble"> ozone-micro bubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottled%20mineral%20water" title=" bottled mineral water"> bottled mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178817/removal-of-deposits-and-improvement-of-shelf-life-in-co2-rich-mineral-water-by-ozone-microbubbles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Association of Selected Biochemical Markers and Body Mass Index in Women with Endocrine Disorders </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mydl%C3%A1rov%C3%A1%20Bla%C5%A1%C4%8D%C3%A1kov%C3%A1">M. Mydlárová Blaščáková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bernasovsk%C3%A1"> J. Bernasovská</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Por%C3%A1%C4%8Dov%C3%A1"> J. Poráčová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Boro%C5%88ov%C3%A1"> I. Boroňová </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is frequent attendant phenomenon of patients with endocrinological disease. Between BMI and endocrinological diseases is close correlation. In thesis we focused on the allocation of hormone concentration – PTH and TSH, CHOL a mineral element Ca in a blood serum. The examined group was formed by 100 respondents (women) aged 36 – 83 years, who were divided into two groups – control group (CG), group with diagnosed endocrine disease (DED). The concentration of PTH and TSH, Ca and CHOL was measured through the medium of analyzers Cobas e411 (Japan); Cobas Integra 400 (Switzerland). At individuals was measured body weight as well as stature and thereupon from those data we enumerated BMI. On the basis of Student T-test in biochemical parameter of PTH and Ca we found out significantly meaningful difference (p<0,05) between CG and DED. In CG we made a founding the association between BMI and PTH by means of correlation analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20markers" title="biochemical markers">biochemical markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormones" title=" hormones"> hormones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13195/association-of-selected-biochemical-markers-and-body-mass-index-in-women-with-endocrine-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Baricitinib Lipid-based Nanosystems as a Topical Alternative for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Garr%C3%B3s">N. Garrós</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Bustos"> P. Bustos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Beirampour"> N. Beirampour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mohammadi"> R. Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mallandrich"> M. Mallandrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.C.%20Calpena"> A.C. Calpena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Colom">H. Colom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent skin condition characterized by chronic inflammation caused by an autoimmune response. It is a prevalent clinical issue that requires continual treatment to enhance the patient's quality of life. Systemic therapy often involves the use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants to manage symptoms. Our objective was to create and assess topical liposomal formulations containing Baricitinib (BNB), a reversible inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase (JAK), which is involved in various immune responses. These formulations were intended to address flare-ups and improve treatment outcomes for AD. We created three distinct liposomal formulations by combining different amounts of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), cholesterol (CHOL), and ceramide (CER): (i) pure POPC, (ii) POPC mixed with CHOL (at a ratio of 8:2, mol/mol), and (iii) POPC mixed with CHOL and CER (at a ratio of 3.6:2.4:4.0 mol/mol/mol). We conducted various tests to determine the formulations' skin tolerance, irritancy capacity, and their ability to cause erythema and edema on altered skin. We also assessed the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration of rabbits to evaluate the efficacy of the formulations. Histological analysis, the HET-CAM test, and the modified Draize test were all used in the evaluation process. The histological analysis revealed that liposome POPC and POPC:CHOL avoided any damage to the tissues structures. The HET-CAM test showed no irritation effect caused by any of the three liposomes, and the modified Draize test showed a good Draize score for erythema and edema. Liposome POPC effectively counteracted the impact of xylol on the skin, and no erythema or edema was observed during the study. TEWL values were constant for all the liposomes with similar values to the negative control (within the range 8 - 15 g/h·m2, which means a healthy value for rabbits), whereas the positive control showed a significant increase. The skin hydration values were constant and followed the trend of the negative control, while the positive control showed a steady increase during the tolerance study. In conclusion, the developed formulations containing BNB exhibited no harmful or irritating effects, they did not demonstrate any irritant potential in the HET-CAM test and liposomes POPC and POPC:CHOL did not cause any structural alteration according to the histological analysis. These positive findings suggest that additional research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these liposomal formulations in animal models of the disease, including mutant animals. Furthermore, before proceeding to clinical trials, biochemical investigations should be conducted to better understand the mechanisms of action involved in these formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baricitinib" title="baricitinib">baricitinib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HET-CAM%20test" title=" HET-CAM test"> HET-CAM test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histological%20study" title=" histological study"> histological study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JAK%20inhibitor" title=" JAK inhibitor"> JAK inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposomes" title=" liposomes"> liposomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20draize%20test" title=" modified draize test"> modified draize test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166385/baricitinib-lipid-based-nanosystems-as-a-topical-alternative-for-atopic-dermatitis-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Paeonol Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy Progression in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Li">Xuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobing%20Cui"> Xiaobing Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Meng"> Nan Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuangshuang%20Guo"> Shuangshuang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingling%20Wang"> Lingling Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To investigate the influence of Paeonol on diabetic nephropathy progression in streptozocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Method Male Wistar rats were injected STZ 30mg.kg-1 combined with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) 0.1mL/rat once a week for three weeks. The diabetic rats were treated with Paenol for 13 weeks. At the end of the experiments, the rats were anesthetized. Serum and the kidney were collected. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and total cholesterol (Chol) level were detected; kidney paraffin sections were prepared and HE and PAS staining sections were used to evaluate the pathology changes of the kidney. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to observe the expression of VEGF and fibernectin expression in the kidney. Result The blood glucose level remained over 16mmol. L-1 for 13 weeks and the ECM accumulated in the diabetic kidney apparently. Paeonol treatment increased serum SOD activity, however, MDA, BUN, Cr, and Chol level was decreased by paeonol treatment. VEGF and fibernectin expression were increased significantly in the DN rats and paeonol treatment ameliorated the overexpression. Conclusion: paeonol prevented the progression of DN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paeonol" title="paeonol">paeonol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STZ" title=" STZ"> STZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title=" diabetic nephropathy"> diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibernectin%20expression" title=" fibernectin expression"> fibernectin expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20paraffin%20sections" title=" kidney paraffin sections"> kidney paraffin sections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2260/paeonol-prevents-diabetic-nephropathy-progression-in-stz-induced-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Optimal Formation of Metallic Nuggets during the Reduction of Coal-Composite Briquette</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chol%20Min%20Yu">Chol Min Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sok%20Chol%20Ri"> Sok Chol Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimization of formation and growth of metallic nuggets during self-reduction of coal composite briquette (CCB here) is essential to increase the yield of valuable metals. The formation of metallic nuggets was investigated theoretically and experimentally during the reduction of coal composite briquette made from stainless steel dust and coal. The formation of metallic nuggets is influenced by slag viscosity and interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag in the reduced product. Surface tensions of liquid metal and slag are rather strong, respectively, due to the high basicity of its slag. Strong surface tensions of them lead to increase of interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag to be favorable to the growth of metallic nuggets. The viscosity of slag and interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag depends on the temperature and composition of the slag. The formation and the growth of metallic nuggets depend on carbon to oxygen ratio FC/O and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel%20dust" title="stainless steel dust">stainless steel dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal-composite%20briquette" title=" coal-composite briquette"> coal-composite briquette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20basicity" title=" high basicity"> high basicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension" title=" interfacial tension"> interfacial tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179129/optimal-formation-of-metallic-nuggets-during-the-reduction-of-coal-composite-briquette" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Cobalamin, Folate and Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Pediatric Morbid Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20M.%20Donma">Mustafa M. Donma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkide%20Donma"> Orkide Donma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is known to be associated with many clinically important diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> plays essential roles in fat and protein metabolisms and its cooperation with vitamin B<sub>9 </sub>is well-known. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible contributions as well as associations of these micronutrients upon obesity and MetS during childhood. A total of 128 children admitted to Namik Kemal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics were included into the scope of this study. The mean age±SEM of 92 morbid obese (MO) children and 36 with MetS were 118.3±3.8 months and 129.5±6.4 months, respectively (p > 0.05). The study was approved by Namık Kemal University, Medical Faculty Ethics Committee. Written informed consent forms were obtained from the parents. Demographic features and anthropometric measurements were recorded. WHO BMI-for age percentiles were used. The values above 99 percentile were defined as MO. Components of MetS [waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triacylglycerol (TRG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol), systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP)] were determined. Routine laboratory tests were performed. Serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> was analyzed by an immunoassay analyzer. Values for vitamin B<sub>12</sub> < 148 pmol/L, 148-221 pmol/L, > 221 pmol/L were accepted as low, borderline and normal, respectively. Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> levels ≤ 4 mcg/L defined deficiency state. Statistical evaluations were performed by SPSSx Version 16.0. p≤0.05 was accepted as statistical significance level. Statistically higher body mass index (BMI), WC, hip circumference (C) and neck C were calculated in MetS group compared to children with MO. No difference was noted for head C. All MetS components differed between the groups (SP, DP p < 0.001; WC, FBG, TRG p < 0.01; HDL-Chol p < 0.05). Significantly decreased vitamin B<sub>9</sub> and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> levels were detected (p < 0.05) in children with MetS. In both groups percentage of folate deficiency was 5.5%. No cases were below < 148 pmol/L. However, in MO group 14.3% and in MetS group 22.2% of the cases were of borderline status. In MO group B<sub>12</sub> levels were negatively correlated with BMI, WC, hip C and head C, but not with neck C. WC, hip C, head C and neck C were all negatively correlated with HDL-Chol. None of these correlations were observed in the group of children with MetS. Strong positive correlation between FBG and insulin as well as strong negative correlation between TRG and HDL-Chol detected in MO children were lost in MetS group. Deficiency state end-products of both B<sub>9 </sub>and B<sub>12</sub> may interfere with the expected profiles of MetS components. In this study, the alterations in MetS components affected vitamin B<sub>12</sub> metabolism and also its associations with anthropometric body measurements. Further increases in vitamin B<sub>12 </sub>and vitamin B<sub>9 </sub>deficiency in MetS associated with the increased vitamin B<sub>12 </sub>as well as vitamin B<sub>9</sub> deficiency metabolites may add to MetS parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalamin" title=" cobalamin"> cobalamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folate" title=" folate"> folate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20syndrome" title=" metabolic syndrome"> metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90585/cobalamin-folate-and-metabolic-syndrome-parameters-in-pediatric-morbid-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Calculating Approach of Thermal Conductivity of 8 YSZ in Different Relative Humidities Corresponding to Low Water Contents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Chol%20Kang">Yun Chol Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myong%20Nam%20Kong"> Myong Nam Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu"> Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Sim%20Kim"> Jin Sim Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Un%20Yong%20Paek"> Un Yong Paek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Ho%20Kim"> Song Ho Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the calculating approach of the thermal conductivity of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) in different relative humidity corresponding to low water contents. When water content in 8YSZ is low, water droplets can accumulate in the neck regions. We assume that spherical water droplets are randomly located in the neck regions formed by grains and surrounded by the pores. Based on this, a new hypothetical pore constituted by air and water is proposed using the microstructural modeling. We consider 8YSZ is a two-phase material constituted by the solid region and the hypothetical pore region where the water droplets are penetrated in the pores, randomly. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the hypothetical pore is calculated using the parallel resistance for low water contents, and the effective thermal conductivity of 8YSZ material constituted by solid and hypothetical pore in different relative humidities using EMPT. When the numbers of water layers on the surface of 8YSZ are less than 1.5, the proposed approach gives a good interpretation of the experimental results. When the theoretical value of the number of water layers on 8YSZ surface is 1, the water content is not enough to cover the internal solid surface completely. The proposed approach gives a better interpretation of the experimental results in different relative humidities that numbers of water layers on the surface of 8YSZ are less than 1.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=8YSZ" title="8YSZ">8YSZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20humidity" title=" relative humidity"> relative humidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168365/calculating-approach-of-thermal-conductivity-of-8-ysz-in-different-relative-humidities-corresponding-to-low-water-contents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Evaluation of the Improve Vacuum Blood Collection Tube for Laboratory Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoon%20Kyung%20Song">Yoon Kyung Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Won%20Han"> Seung Won Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hyun%20Hwang"> Sang Hyun Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Hoon%20Lee"> Do Hoon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory tests is a significant part for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment of diseases. Blood collection is a simple process, but can be a potential cause of pre-analytical errors. Vacuum blood collection tubes used to collect and store the blood specimens is necessary for accurate test results. The purpose of this study was to validate Improve serum separator tube(SST) (Guanzhou Improve Medical Instruments Co., Ltd, China) for routine clinical chemistry laboratory testing. Blood specimens were collected from 100 volunteers in three different serum vacuum tubes (Greiner SST , Becton Dickinson SST , Improve SST). The specimens were evaluated for 16 routine chemistry tests using TBA-200FR NEO (Toshiba Medical Co. JAPAN). The results were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and Bland-Altman plot. For stability test, the initial results for each tube were compared with results of 72 hours preserved specimens. Their clinical availability was evaluated by biological Variation of Ricos data bank. Paired t-test analysis revealed that AST, ALT, K, Cl showed statistically same results but calcium (CA), phosphorus(PHOS), glucose(GLU), BUN, uric acid(UA), cholesterol(CHOL), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), total bilirubin(TB), ALP, creatinine(CRE), sodium(NA) were different(P < 0.05) between Improve SST and Greiner SST. Also, CA, PHOS, TP, TB, AST, ALT, NA, K, Cl showed statistically the same results but GLU, BUN, UA, CHOL, ALB, ALP, CRE were different between Improve SST and Becton Dickinson SST. All statistically different cases were clinically acceptable by biological Variation of Ricos data bank. Improve SST tubes showed satisfactory results compared with Greiner SST and Becton Dickinson SST. We concluded that the tubes are acceptable for routine clinical chemistry laboratory testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20collection" title="blood collection">blood collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanzhou%20Improve" title=" Guanzhou Improve"> Guanzhou Improve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SST" title=" SST"> SST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20tube" title=" vacuum tube"> vacuum tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44753/evaluation-of-the-improve-vacuum-blood-collection-tube-for-laboratory-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Beyond Chol Soo Lee’s Death Row Release: Transinstitutionalization, Mortification, and the Limits of Legal Activism in 20th Century America</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minhae%20Shim%20Roth">Minhae Shim Roth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The “Deinstitutionalization movement” refers to the spatial transition in the United States during the mid-20th century when the treatment of mental illness purportedly moved from long-term psychiatric institutions to community integrated care. Contrary to the accepted narrative of mental health care in the U.S., asylums did not close or empty. Some remained psychiatric hospitals, which came to be called forensic hospitals or state hospitals; others were converted into prisons or carceral institutions. During Deinstitutionalization, the asylum system became an appendage of the carceral system, with state hospitals becoming little more than holding centers for prisoners who were civilly committed, those incompetent to stand trial, offenders with mental health issues, and those found not guilty by reason of insanity. Psychiatric patients who became prisoners and prisoners who became patients became entangled in the phenomenon called transinstitutionalization. This paper investigates the relationship between psychiatric and criminal incarceration in 20th century California and focuses particularly on the case of Korean-American Chol Soo Lee, who fought detention in the psychiatric-prison system through the writ of habeas corpus. This study uses methodologies like critical theory, close reading, and archival research. This paper argues that during his psychiatric hospitalization at Napa State Hospital and incarceration in the California Department of Corrections, Lee underwent what sociologist Erving Goffman coined in his 1960 text Asylums as the process of “mortification.” After a burst of Asian American solidarity and legal aid that resulted in Lee’s triumphant release from Death Row in 1983 through a writ of habeas corpus, Lee struggled in the free world due to the long-lasting consequences of institutionalization, which led to alienation, recidivism, and an early death at the age of 62. This paper examines the trajectory of Lee’s trial and the legal activism behind it within the context of Goffman’s theory of total institutions and offer a nuanced reading of Lee’s case both during and after his incarceration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice" title="criminal justice">criminal justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20law" title=" criminal law"> criminal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20and%20mental%20capacity" title=" law and mental capacity"> law and mental capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habeas%20corpus" title=" habeas corpus"> habeas corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deinstitutionalization" title=" deinstitutionalization"> deinstitutionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188376/beyond-chol-soo-lees-death-row-release-transinstitutionalization-mortification-and-the-limits-of-legal-activism-in-20th-century-america" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Self-Assembled Tin Particles Made by Plasma-Induced Dewetting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Joo%20Choe">Han Joo Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon-Ho%20Kwon"> Soon-Ho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Joong%20Lee"> Jung-Joong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tin particles of various size and distribution were self-assembled by plasma treating tin film deposited on silicon oxide substrates. Plasma treatment was conducted using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. A range of ICP power and topographic templated substrates were evaluated to observe changes in particle size and particle distribution. Scanning electron microscopy images of the particles were analyzed using computer software. The evolution of tin film dewetting into particles initiated from the hole nucleation in grain boundaries. Increasing ICP power during plasma treatment produced larger number of particles per area and smaller particle size and particle-size distribution. Topographic templates were also effective in positioning and controlling the size of the particles. By combining the effects of ICP power and topographic templates, particles of similar size and well-ordered distribution were obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewetting" title="dewetting">dewetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particles" title=" particles"> particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tin" title=" tin "> tin </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39207/self-assembled-tin-particles-made-by-plasma-induced-dewetting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Design of Incident Information System in IoT Virtualization Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amon%20Olimov">Amon Olimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umarov%20Jamshid"> Umarov Jamshid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Ho%20Kim"> Dae-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chol-U%20Lee"> Chol-U Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryum-Duck%20Oh"> Ryum-Duck Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes IoT virtualization platform based incident information system. IoT information based environment is the platform that was developed for the purpose of collecting a variety of data by managing regionally scattered IoT devices easily and conveniently in addition to analyzing data collected from roads. Moreover, this paper configured the platform for the purpose of providing incident information based on sensed data. It also provides the same input/output interface as UNIX and Linux by means of matching IoT devices with the directory of file system and also the files. In addition, it has a variety of approaches as to the devices. Thus, it can be applied to not only incident information but also other platforms. This paper proposes the incident information system that identifies and provides various data in real time as to urgent matters on roads based on the existing USN/M2M and IoT visualization platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident%20information%20system" title="incident information system">incident information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtualization%20platform" title=" virtualization platform"> virtualization platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USN" title=" USN"> USN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M2M" title=" M2M"> M2M</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29328/design-of-incident-information-system-in-iot-virtualization-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-Type Silicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Il%20Chu"> Kyong Il Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25eV(A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54eV(B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-type Silicon for High-Speed Thyristor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GyongIl%20Chu"> GyongIl Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HoJong%20Ri"> HoJong Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS (Deep-level transient spectroscopy) measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25 eV (A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54 eV (B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gold" title=" Gold"> Gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Platinum" title=" Platinum"> Platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silicon" title=" Silicon"> Silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon-for-high-speed-thyristor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Rheological Properties of Cellulose/TBAF/DMSO Solutions and Their Application to Fabrication of Cellulose Hydrogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Eun%20Nam"> Jae Eun Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Roh"> Young Hoon Roh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of hydrogels with a high mechanical strength is important for numerous applications of hydrogels. As a material for tough hydrogels, cellulose has attracted much interest. However, cellulose cannot be melted and is very difficult to be dissolved in most solvents. Therefore, its dissolution in tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) solvents has attracted researchers for chemical processing of cellulose. For this reason, studies about rheological properties of cellulose/TBAF/DMSO solution will provide useful information. In this study, viscosities of cellulose solutions prepared using different amounts of cellulose and TBAF in DMSO were measured. As expected, the viscosity of cellulose solution decreased with respect to the increasing volume of DMSO. The most viscose cellulose solution was achieved at a 1:1 mass ratio of cellulose to TBAF regardless of their contents in DMSO. At a 1:1 mass ratio of cellulose to TBAF, the formation of cellulose nanoparticles (467 nm) resulted in a dramatic increase in the viscosity, which led to the fabrication of 3D cellulose hydrogels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBAF%2FDMSO" title=" TBAF/DMSO"> TBAF/DMSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55446/rheological-properties-of-cellulosetbafdmso-solutions-and-their-application-to-fabrication-of-cellulose-hydrogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Fermentation of Wood Waste by Treating with H₃PO₄-Acetone for Bioethanol Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keonwook%20Nam"> Keonwook Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Roh"> Young Hoon Roh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood waste is a potentially significant resource for economic and environment-friendly recycling. Wood waste represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into bioethanol. Unfortunately, wood waste is highly recalcitrant for biotransformation, which limits its use and prevents economically viable conversion into bioethanol. As a result, an effective pretreatment is necessary to degrade cellulose of the wood waste, which improves the accessibility of cellulase. In this work, a H₃PO₄-acetone pretreatment was selected among the various pretreatment methods and used to dissolve cellulose and lignin. When the H₃PO₄ and acetone were used, 5–6% of the wood waste was found to be very appropriate for saccharification. Also, when the enzymatic saccharification was conducted in the mixture of the wood waste and 0.05 M citrate buffer solution, glucose and xylose were measured to be 80.2 g/L and 9.2 g/L respectively. Furthermore, ethanol obtained after 70 h of fermentation by S. cerevisiae was 30.4 g/L. As a result, the conversion yield from wood waste to bioethanol was calculated to be 57.4%. These results show that the pretreated wood waste can be used as good feedstocks for bioethanol production and that the H₃PO₄-acetone pretreatment can effectively increase the yield of ethanol production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20waste" title="wood waste">wood waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%82%83PO%E2%82%84-acetone" title=" H₃PO₄-acetone"> H₃PO₄-acetone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title=" bioethanol"> bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation "> fermentation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84149/fermentation-of-wood-waste-by-treating-with-h3po4-acetone-for-bioethanol-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Alcoxysilanes Production from Silica and Dimethylcarbonate Promoted by Alkali Bases: A DFT Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeria%20%20Butera">Valeria Butera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihisa%20Fukaya"> Norihisa Fukaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Chu%20Choi"> Jun-Chu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiko%20Sato"> Kazuhiko Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoong-Kee%20Choe"> Yoong-Kee Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several silicon dioxide sources can react with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in presence of alkali bases catalysts to ultimately produce tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). Experimental findings suggested that the reaction proceeds through several steps in which the first molecule of DMC is converted to dimethylsilyloxide (DMOS) and CO₂. Following the same mechanistic steps, a second molecule of DMC reacts with the DMOS to afford the final product TMOS. Using a cluster model approach, a quantum-mechanical investigation of the first part of the reaction leading to DMOS formation is reported with a twofold purpose: (1) verify the viability of the reaction mechanism proposed on the basis of experimental evidences .(2) compare the behaviors of three different alkali hydroxides MOH, where M=Li, K and Cs, to determine whether diverse ionic radius and charge density can be considered responsible for the observed differences in reactivity. Our findings confirm the observed experimental trend and furnish important information about the effective role of the alkali hydroxides giving an explanation of the different catalytic activity of the three metal cations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alcoxysilanes%20production" title="Alcoxysilanes production">Alcoxysilanes production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20model%20approach" title=" cluster model approach"> cluster model approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMC%20conversion" title=" DMC conversion"> DMC conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70173/alcoxysilanes-production-from-silica-and-dimethylcarbonate-promoted-by-alkali-bases-a-dft-investigation-of-the-reaction-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Achievement of High L-Cysteine Yield from Enzymatic Conversion Using Eutectic Mixtures of the Substrate ATC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Hun%20Youn"> Sung Hun Youn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younggon%20Kim"> Younggon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> L-Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has been often used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and feed additive industries. This amino acid has been usually produced by acid-hydrolysis of human hair and poultry feathers. There are many problems, such as avoidance for use of animal hair, low yields, and formation of harmful waste material. As an alternative, the enzymatic conversion of D, L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATC) to L-cysteine has been developed as an environmental-friendly method. However, the substrate solubility was too low to be used in industry. In this study, high concentrations of eutectic substrate solutions were prepared to solve the problem. Eutectic melting occurred at 39°C after mixing ATC and malonic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1. The characteristics of eutectic mixtures were analyzed by FE-SEM, EDS mapping, and XPS. However, since sorbitol, MnSO4, and NaOH should be added as supplements to the substrate mixture for the activation and stabilization of the enzyme, strategies for sequential addition of total five compounds, ATC, malonic acid, sorbitol, MnSO4, and NaOH were established. As a result, eutectic substrate mixtures of 670 mM ATC were successfully formulated. After 6 h of enzymatic reaction, 550 mM L-cysteine was made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D" title="D">D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-2-amino-%CE%942-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid" title=" L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid"> L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20conversion" title=" enzymatic conversion"> enzymatic conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20solution" title=" eutectic solution"> eutectic solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=l-cysteine" title=" l-cysteine"> l-cysteine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4129/achievement-of-high-l-cysteine-yield-from-enzymatic-conversion-using-eutectic-mixtures-of-the-substrate-atc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Optimization of Monascus Orange Pigments Production Using pH-Controlled Fed-Batch Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Kim">Young Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe"> Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monascus pigments, commonly used as a natural colorant in Asia, have many biological activities, such as cholesterol level control, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant, that have recently been elucidated. Especially, amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments are receiving much attention because they have higher biological activities than original Monascus pigments. Previously, there have been two ways to produce amino acid derivatives: one-step production and two-step production. However, the one-step production has low purity, and the two-step production—precursor(orange pigments) fermentation and derivatives synthesis—has low productivity and growth rate during its precursor fermentation step. In this study, it was verified that pH is a key factor that affects the stability of orange pigments and the growth rate of Monascus. With an optimal pH profile obtained by pH-stat fermentation, we designed a process of precursor(orange pigments) fermentation that is a pH-controlled fed-batch fermentation. The final concentration of orange pigments in this process increased to 5.5g/L which is about 30% higher than the concentration produced from the previously used precursor fermentation step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20process" title="cultivation process">cultivation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fed-batch%20fermentation" title=" fed-batch fermentation"> fed-batch fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monascus%20pigments" title=" monascus pigments"> monascus pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20stability" title=" pH stability"> pH stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435/optimization-of-monascus-orange-pigments-production-using-ph-controlled-fed-batch-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> High Dissolution of ATC by pH Control and Its Enzymatic Conversion to L-Cysteine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Hun%20Youn"> Sung Hun Youn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younggon%20Kim"> Younggon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> L-Cysteine is extensively used as a supplement of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and feed additives. It has obtained industrially by hydrolysis of human hair and poultry feathers. However, there are some problems such as the restriction of using materials from animals and the intractable waste pollution. The enzymatic conversion has been regarded as an environmental-friendly method. Currently, the biggest bottle-neck of enzymatic conversion is the low yield of L-cysteine due to the low substrate solubility. In this study, the method of enhancing the solubility of the substrate D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid (ATC) was developed and the enzymatic reaction at high concentration levels was performed. A large amount of substrate in aqueous solutions was dissolved by pH control using salts. As the pH of the solution increased, the solubility of ATC increased. It was thought that a shift of ATC from acid form (-COOH) to dissociated carboxylic group (-COO-) would improve its hydrophilicity leading to solubility increase. The highest solubility of ATC was 610 mM at pH 10.5, whereas the maximum reaction rate was obtained at pH 8.3. As a result, a high L-cysteine yield of 250 mM was achieved at pH 9.1, which was obtained from a combination of optimum pH conditions for ATC solubility and enzymatic conversion. This yield corresponds to approximately 18 times of that in previous reports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D" title="D">D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-2-amino-%CE%942-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid" title="L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid">L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylicacid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20conversion" title=" enzymatic conversion"> enzymatic conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-substrate%20solubilization" title=" high-substrate solubilization"> high-substrate solubilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-Cysteine" title=" L-Cysteine"> L-Cysteine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4128/high-dissolution-of-atc-by-ph-control-and-its-enzymatic-conversion-to-l-cysteine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by RAW264.7 Cells Stimulated with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Young%20Choi">Eun Young Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Hui%20Choe"> So Hui Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Yi%20Hyeon"> Jin Yi Hyeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Young%20Jin"> Ji Young Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Ram%20Keum"> Bo Ram Keum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Min%20Lim"> Jong Min Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Rae%20Cho"> Hyung Rae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Keun%20Cho"> Kwang Keun Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Soon%20Choi"> In Soon Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of inflammatory mediator in macrophagocyte, which was processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia, a pathogen related to allergy. The incubated layer was used for nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of NF-κB was measured using ELISA-based kit. In RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by E.coli LPS, β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-glucan increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cell that was stimulated by E.coli LPS, and HO-1 activation was inhibited by SnPP. This shows that NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of JNK and p38 induced by LPS were not influenced by β-glucan, and IκB-α decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 that was induced by E.coli LPS. Overall, β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocyte that was vitalized by E.coli LPS through HO-1 induction and STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host inflammation reaction control by β-glucan weakens the progress of allergy, β-glucan can be used as an effective treatment method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucan" title="β-glucan">β-glucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopolysaccharide%20%28LPS%29" title=" lipopolysaccharide (LPS)"> lipopolysaccharide (LPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide%20%28NO%29" title=" nitric oxide (NO)"> nitric oxide (NO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAW264.7%20cells" title=" RAW264.7 cells"> RAW264.7 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STAT1" title=" STAT1"> STAT1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49496/effects-of-v-glucan-on-the-release-of-nitric-oxide-by-raw2647-cells-stimulated-with-escherichia-coli-lipopolysaccharide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotismita%20Talukdar">Jyotismita Talukdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a study has been made on the possibility and accuracy of early prediction of several Heart Disease using Artificial Neural Network. (ANN). The study has been made in both noise free environment and noisy environment. The data collected for this analysis are from five Hospitals. Around 1500 heart patient’s data has been collected and studied. The data is analysed and the results have been compared with the Doctor’s diagnosis. It is found that, in noise free environment, the accuracy varies from 74% to 92%and in noisy environment (2dB), the results of accuracy varies from 62% to 82%. In the present study, four basic attributes considered are Blood Pressure (BP), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Thalach (THAL) and Cholesterol (CHOL.). It has been found that highest accuracy(93%), has been achieved in case of PPI( Post-Permanent-Pacemaker Implementation ), around 79% in case of CAD(Coronary Artery disease), 87% in DCM (Dilated Cardiomyopathy), 89% in case of RHD&MS(Rheumatic heart disease with Mitral Stenosis), 75 % in case of RBBB +LAFB (Right Bundle Branch Block + Left Anterior Fascicular Block), 72% for CHB(Complete Heart Block) etc. The lowest accuracy has been obtained in case of ICMP (Ischemic Cardiomyopathy), about 38% and AF( Atrial Fibrillation), about 60 to 62%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20heart%20disease" title="coronary heart disease">coronary heart disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20stable%20angina" title=" chronic stable angina"> chronic stable angina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sick%20sinus%20syndrome" title=" sick sinus syndrome"> sick sinus syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title=" cardiovascular disease"> cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thalach" title=" Thalach"> Thalach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97263/analysis-of-cardiovascular-diseases-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Mathematical Modeling of the Operating Process and a Method to Determine the Design Parameters in an Electromagnetic Hammer Using Solenoid Electromagnets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Hyok%20Choe">Song Hyok Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presented a method to determine the optimum design parameters based on a mathematical model of the operating process in a manual electromagnetic hammer using solenoid electromagnets. The operating process of the electromagnetic hammer depends on the circuit scheme of the power controller. Mathematical modeling of the operating process was carried out by considering the energy transfer process in the forward and reverse windings and the electromagnetic force acting on the impact and brake pistons. Using the developed mathematical model, the initial design data of a manual electromagnetic hammer proposed in this paper are encoded and analyzed in Matlab. On the other hand, a measuring experiment was carried out by using a measurement device to check the accuracy of the developed mathematical model. The relative errors of the analytical results for measured stroke distance of the impact piston, peak value of forward stroke current and peak value of reverse stroke current were −4.65%, 9.08% and 9.35%, respectively. Finally, it was shown that the mathematical model of the operating process of an electromagnetic hammer is relatively accurate, and it can be used to determine the design parameters of the electromagnetic hammer. Therefore, the design parameters that can provide the required impact energy in the manual electromagnetic hammer were determined using a mathematical model developed. The proposed method will be used for the further design and development of the various types of percussion rock drills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solenoid%20electromagnet" title="solenoid electromagnet">solenoid electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20hammer" title=" electromagnetic hammer"> electromagnetic hammer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20processing" title=" stone processing"> stone processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187061/mathematical-modeling-of-the-operating-process-and-a-method-to-determine-the-design-parameters-in-an-electromagnetic-hammer-using-solenoid-electromagnets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Sterols Regulate the Activity of Phospholipid Scramblase by Interacting through Putative Cholesterol Binding Motif</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhasin%20Koyiloth">Muhasin Koyiloth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathyanarayana%20N.%20Gummadi"> Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological membranes are ordered association of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Lipids except sterols possess asymmetric distribution across the bilayer. Eukaryotic membranes possess a group of lipid translocators called scramblases that disrupt phospholipid asymmetry. Their action is implicated in cell activation during wound healing and phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Cholesterol is one of the major membrane lipids distributed evenly on both the leaflet and can directly influence the membrane fluidity through the ordering effect. The fluidity has an impact on the activity of several membrane proteins. The palmitoylated phospholipid scramblases localized to the lipid raft which is characterized by a higher number of sterols. Here we propose that cholesterol can interact with scramblases through putative CRAC motif and can modulate their activity. To prove this, we reconstituted phospholipid scramblase 1 of C. elegans (SCRM-1) in proteoliposomes containing different amounts of cholesterol (Liquid ordered/Lo). We noted that the presence of cholesterol reduced the scramblase activity of wild-type SCRM-1. The interaction between SCRM-1 and cholesterol was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy using NBD-Chol. Also, we observed loss of such interaction when one of I273 in the CRAC motif mutated to Asp. Interestingly, the point mutant has partially retained scramblase activity in Lo vesicles. The current study elucidated the important interaction between cholesterol and SCRM-1 to fine-tune its activity in artificial membranes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20membranes" title="artificial membranes">artificial membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRAC%20motif" title=" CRAC motif"> CRAC motif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20membrane" title=" plasma membrane"> plasma membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PL%20scramblase" title=" PL scramblase"> PL scramblase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137353/sterols-regulate-the-activity-of-phospholipid-scramblase-by-interacting-through-putative-cholesterol-binding-motif" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Site-Specific Delivery of Hybrid Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photo-Activated Multimodal Therapies of Glioblastoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Chung%20Tsai">Yuan-Chung Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masao%20Kamimura"> Masao Kamimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Soga"> Kohei Soga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Cheng%20Chiu"> Hsin-Cheng Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to enhance the photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic efficacy on glioblastoma, the functionized upconversion nanoparticles with the capability of converting the deep tissue penetrating near-infrared light into visible wavelength for activating photochemical reaction were developed. The drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained from the self-assembly of oleic acid-coated upconversion nanoparticles along with maleimide-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesterol (Mal-PEG-Chol), as the NP stabilizer, and hydrophobic photosensitizers, IR-780 (for photothermal therapy, PTT) and mTHPC (for photodynamic therapy, PDT), in aqueous phase. Both the IR-780 and mTHPC were loaded into the hydrophobic domains within NPs via hydrophobic association. The peptide targeting ligand, angiopep-2, was further conjugated with the maleimide groups at the end of PEG adducts on the NP surfaces, enabling the affinity coupling with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 of tumor endothelial cells and malignant astrocytes. The drug-loaded NPs with the size of ca 80 nm in diameter exhibit a good colloidal stability in physiological conditions. The in vitro data demonstrate the successful targeting delivery of drug-loaded NPs toward the ALTS1C1 cells (murine astrocytoma cells) and the pronounced cytotoxicity elicited by combinational effect of PDT and PTT. The in vivo results show the promising brain orthotopic tumor targeting of drug-loaded NPs and sound efficacy for brain tumor dual-modality treatment. This work shows great potential for improving photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic efficacy of brain cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title="drug delivery">drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthotopic%20brain%20tumor" title=" orthotopic brain tumor"> orthotopic brain tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodynamic%2Fphotothermal%20therapies" title=" photodynamic/photothermal therapies"> photodynamic/photothermal therapies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upconversion%20nanoparticles" title=" upconversion nanoparticles"> upconversion nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78103/site-specific-delivery-of-hybrid-upconversion-nanoparticles-for-photo-activated-multimodal-therapies-of-glioblastoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Highly Efficient Ca-Doped CuS Counter Electrodes for Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Panthakkal%20Abdul%20Muthalif">Mohammed Panthakkal Abdul Muthalif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanmugasundaram%20Kanagaraj"> Shanmugasundaram Kanagaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumi%20Park"> Jumi Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangyu%20Park"> Hangyu Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngson%20Choe"> Youngson Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study reports the incorporation of calcium ions into the CuS counter electrodes (CEs) in order to modify the photovoltaic performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Metal ion-doped CuS thin film was prepared by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method on FTO substrate and used directly as counter electrodes for TiO₂/CdS/CdSe/ZnS photoanodes based QDSSCs. For the Ca-doped CuS thin films, copper nitrate and thioacetamide were used as anionic and cationic precursors. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate was used as doping material. The surface morphology of Ca-doped CuS CEs indicates that the fragments are uniformly distributed, and the structure is densely packed with high crystallinity. The changes observed in the diffraction patterns suggest that Ca dopant can introduce increased disorder into CuS material structure. EDX analysis was employed to determine the elemental identification, and the results confirmed the presence of Cu, S, and Ca on the FTO glass substrate. The photovoltaic current density – voltage characteristics of Ca-doped CuS CEs shows the specific improvements in open circuit voltage decay (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results display that Ca-doped CuS CEs have greater electrocatalytic activity and charge transport capacity than bare CuS. All the experimental results indicate that 20% Ca-doped CuS CE based QDSSCs exhibit high power conversion efficiency (η) of 4.92%, short circuit current density of 15.47 mA cm⁻², open circuit photovoltage of 0.611 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.521 under illumination of one sun. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ca-doped%20CuS%20counter%20electrodes" title="Ca-doped CuS counter electrodes">Ca-doped CuS counter electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20bath%20deposition%20method" title=" chemical bath deposition method"> chemical bath deposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalytic%20activity" title=" electrocatalytic activity"> electrocatalytic activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86817/highly-efficient-ca-doped-cus-counter-electrodes-for-quantum-dot-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Development of a Cyber Violence Measurement Tool for Youths: A Multi-Reporting of Ecological Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Hyo%20Park">Jong-Hyo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunyoung%20Choi"> Eunyoung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Yeon%20Lim"> Jae-Yeon Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon-Suk%20Lee"> Seon-Suk Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Rong%20Koo"> Yeong-Rong Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Ung%20Kwon"> Ji-Ung Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Sung%20Kim"> Kyung-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Ik%20Lee"> Jong-Ik Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhan%20Park"> Juhan Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Kyu%20Lee"> Hyun-Kyu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Kyoung%20Oh"> Won-Kyoung Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jisang%20Lee"> Jisang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiwon%20Choe"> Jiwon Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to COVID-19, cyber violence among youths has soared as they spend more time online than before. In contrast to the deepening concerns, measurement tools that can assess the vulnerability of cyber violence in individual youths still need to be supplemented. The measurement tools lack consideration of various factors related to cyber violence among youths. Most of the tools are self-report questionnaires, and these adolescents' self-report questionnaire forms can underestimate the harmful behavior and overestimate the damage experience. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multi-report measurement tool for youths that can reliably measure individuals' ecological factors related to cyber violence. The literature review explored factors related to cyber violence, and the questions were constructed. The face validity of the questions was confirmed by conducting focus group interviews. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (N=671) were also conducted for statistical validation. This study developed a multi-report measurement tool for cyber violence with 161 questions, consisting of six domains: online behavior, cyber violence awareness, victimization-perpetration-witness experience, coping efficacy (individuals, peers, teachers, and parents), psychological characteristics, and pro-social capabilities. In addition to self-report from a youth respondent, this measurement tool includes peers, teachers, and parents reporting for the respondent. It is possible to reliably measure the ecological factors of individual youths who are vulnerable or highly resistant to cyber violence. In schools, teachers could refer to the measurement results for guiding students, better understanding their cyber violence conditions, and assessing their pro-social capabilities. With the measurement results, teachers and police officers could detect perpetrators or victims and intervene immediately. In addition, this measurement tool could analyze the effects of the prevention and intervention programs for cyber violence and draw appropriate suggestions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20violence" title=" cyber violence"> cyber violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20violence%20measurement%20tool" title=" cyber violence measurement tool"> cyber violence measurement tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20tool" title=" measurement tool"> measurement tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-report%20measurement%20tool" title=" multi-report measurement tool"> multi-report measurement tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youths" title=" youths"> youths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155962/the-development-of-a-cyber-violence-measurement-tool-for-youths-a-multi-reporting-of-ecological-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Regeneration of Geological Models Using Support Vector Machine Assisted by Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jung">H. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kim"> N. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kang"> B. Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Choe"> J. Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> History matching is a crucial procedure for predicting reservoir performances and making future decisions. However, it is difficult due to uncertainties of initial reservoir models. Therefore, it is important to have reliable initial models for successful history matching of highly heterogeneous reservoirs such as channel reservoirs. In this paper, we proposed a novel scheme for regenerating geological models using support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA). First, we perform PCA for figuring out main geological characteristics of models. Through the procedure, permeability values of each model are transformed to new parameters by principal components, which have eigenvalues of large magnitude. Secondly, the parameters are projected into two-dimensional plane by multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) based on Euclidean distances. Finally, we train an SVM classifier using 20% models which show the most similar or dissimilar well oil production rates (WOPR) with the true values (10% for each). Then, the other 80% models are classified by trained SVM. We select models on side of low WOPR errors. One hundred channel reservoir models are initially generated by single normal equation simulation. By repeating the classification process, we can select models which have similar geological trend with the true reservoir model. The average field of the selected models is utilized as a probability map for regeneration. Newly generated models can preserve correct channel features and exclude wrong geological properties maintaining suitable uncertainty ranges. History matching with the initial models cannot provide trustworthy results. It fails to find out correct geological features of the true model. However, history matching with the regenerated ensemble offers reliable characterization results by figuring out proper channel trend. Furthermore, it gives dependable prediction of future performances with reduced uncertainties. We propose a novel classification scheme which integrates PCA, MDS, and SVM for regenerating reservoir models. The scheme can easily sort out reliable models which have similar channel trend with the reference in lowered dimension space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20matching" title="history matching">history matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20modelling" title=" reservoir modelling"> reservoir modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76990/regeneration-of-geological-models-using-support-vector-machine-assisted-by-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Production Optimization under Geological Uncertainty Using Distance-Based Clustering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeongcheol%20Kang">Byeongcheol Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junyi%20Kim"> Junyi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungsik%20Jung"> Hyungsik Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungjun%20Yang"> Hyungjun Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaewoo%20An"> Jaewoo An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonggeun%20Choe"> Jonggeun Choe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to figure out reservoir properties for better production management. Due to the limited information, there are geological uncertainties on very heterogeneous or channel reservoir. One of the solutions is to generate multiple equi-probable realizations using geostatistical methods. However, some models have wrong properties, which need to be excluded for simulation efficiency and reliability. We propose a novel method of model selection scheme, based on distance-based clustering for reliable application of production optimization algorithm. Distance is defined as a degree of dissimilarity between the data. We calculate Hausdorff distance to classify the models based on their similarity. Hausdorff distance is useful for shape matching of the reservoir models. We use multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) to describe the models on two dimensional space and group them by K-means clustering. Rather than simulating all models, we choose one representative model from each cluster and find out the best model, which has the similar production rates with the true values. From the process, we can select good reservoir models near the best model with high confidence. We make 100 channel reservoir models using single normal equation simulation (SNESIM). Since oil and gas prefer to flow through the sand facies, it is critical to characterize pattern and connectivity of the channels in the reservoir. After calculating Hausdorff distances and projecting the models by MDS, we can see that the models assemble depending on their channel patterns. These channel distributions affect operation controls of each production well so that the model selection scheme improves management optimization process. We use one of useful global search algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO), for our production optimization. PSO is good to find global optimum of objective function, but it takes too much time due to its usage of many particles and iterations. In addition, if we use multiple reservoir models, the simulation time for PSO will be soared. By using the proposed method, we can select good and reliable models that already matches production data. Considering geological uncertainty of the reservoir, we can get well-optimized production controls for maximum net present value. The proposed method shows one of novel solutions to select good cases among the various probabilities. The model selection schemes can be applied to not only production optimization but also history matching or other ensemble-based methods for efficient simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance-based%20clustering" title="distance-based clustering">distance-based clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20uncertainty" title=" geological uncertainty"> geological uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization%20%28PSO%29" title=" particle swarm optimization (PSO)"> particle swarm optimization (PSO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20optimization" title=" production optimization"> production optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76909/production-optimization-under-geological-uncertainty-using-distance-based-clustering" 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