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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Baron le Despencer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dashwood" title="Francis Dashwood – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francis Dashwood" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dashwood" title="Francis Dashwood – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francis Dashwood" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="فرانسيس داشوود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس داشوود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89_(%E7%AC%AC11%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5)" title="フランシス・ダッシュウッド (第11代ル・ディスペンサー男爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシス・ダッシュウッド (第11代ル・ディスペンサー男爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dashwood" title="Francis Dashwood – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francis Dashwood" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dashwood,_15th_Baron_le_Despencer" title="Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron le Despencer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron le Despencer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dashwood" title="Francis Dashwood – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Francis Dashwood" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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searchaux" style="display:none">British politician (1708–1781)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British merchant, landowner and politician, see <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Dashwood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord le Despencer</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg/220px-Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg/330px-Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg/440px-Francis_Baron_le_Despencer_by_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postmaster General of the United Kingdom">2nd Postmaster-General</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1765–1781</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Various</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Ponsonby,_2nd_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough">The Earl of Bessborough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">The Viscount Barrington</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Great_Wardrobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Great Wardrobe">Master of the Great Wardrobe</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1763–1765</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Marquess_of_Stafford" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford">The Earl Gower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ashburnham,_2nd_Earl_of_Ashburnham" title="John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham">The Earl of Ashburnham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1762–1763</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">The Earl of Bute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">The Viscount Barrington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">George Grenville</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Chamber" title="Treasurer of the Chamber">Treasurer of the Chamber</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1761–1762</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Charles Townshend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gilbert_Elliot,_3rd_Baronet,_of_Minto" title="Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto">Sir Gilbert Elliot</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/New_Romney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)">New Romney</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1741–1761</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Austen,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Austen, 4th Baronet">Sir Robert Austen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Knight_(MP_for_Kent)" title="Thomas Knight (MP for Kent)">Thomas Knight</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1708<br /><a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1781<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Wycombe" title="West Wycombe">West Wycombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Tory_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tory Party">Tory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Sarah Gould</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1745)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Fanny_Antonina_Lee" title="Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee">Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee</a> (illegitimate)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Dashwood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet</a><br />Lady Mary Fane</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer</b>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Counsellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Counsellor">PC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> (December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English politician and <a href="/wiki/Rake_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rake (character)">rake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (1762–1763) and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club" title="Hellfire Club">Hellfire Club</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dashwood was born in Great Marlborough Street, London, in December 1708.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the only son of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Dashwood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet</a>, and his second wife Mary, eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vere_Fane,_4th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland">Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901112_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901112-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sir Francis and Mary had two children: a son, Francis, and a daughter, Rachael. Sir Francis also had two surviving daughters from his first marriage, and later two daughters and two sons from his third. </p><p>Dashwood was educated at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> where he became associated with <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">William Pitt the Elder</a>. Upon the death of his father in 1724, Dashwood, who was only fifteen, inherited his father's estates and the <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronetcy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dashwood_baronets#Dashwood,_later_Dashwood-King,_later_Dashwood_baronets,_of_West_Wycombe_(1707)" title="Dashwood baronets">Dashwood of West Wycombe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travels">Travels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Travels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dashwood spent his youth and early adulthood abroad, gaining a reputation for notoriety while travelling around Europe. He impersonated <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a> while in Russia and attempted to seduce <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ioannovna" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Ioannovna">Anna Ioannovna</a>. Dashwood was later expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dashwood's journeys abroad included classical aspects of the European <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a>. He travelled to France and Germany for several months in 1726. He went abroad again from 1729 to 1731 and visited Italy during this time. He later returned to Italy between 1739 and 1741, staying in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and visiting <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> and the excavations at <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>. </p><p>While in Italy he befriended the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and theologian <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Niccolini_(abbot)" title="Antonio Niccolini (abbot)">Antonio Niccolini</a>. In 1733, between his visits to Italy, Dashwood accompanied <a href="/wiki/George_Forbes,_3rd_Earl_of_Granard" title="George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard">George, Lord Forbes</a>, to <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a>, stopping on the way at <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dilettanti_Society_and_the_Divan_Club">Dilettanti Society and the Divan Club</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dilettanti Society and the Divan Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1732, Dashwood formed a <a href="/wiki/Dining_club" title="Dining club">dining club</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Dilettanti" title="Society of Dilettanti">Society of Dilettanti</a> with around 40 charter members who had returned from their travels with an appreciation of classical art. <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a> drew <i>Sir Francis Dashwood at his Devotions</i> for Dilettante <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Boyne" title="Viscount Boyne">Viscount Boyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000100_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "[I]f not the actual projector and founder of the Dilettanti Society, he was certainly its leading member in 1736".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dashwood took a prominent part in the proceedings of the <a href="/wiki/Dilettanti_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilettanti Society">Dilettanti Society</a>, and in 1742 <a href="/wiki/George_Knapton" title="George Knapton">George Knapton</a> painted his portrait for the Society. On 2 March 1746, when <a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich</a> was suspended from his office of archmaster for "his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society", Dashwood was elected in his place. Dashwood presented to <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="George II of Britain">King George II</a> various petitions from the Dilettanti Society when it was seeking a permanent location.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1740, Dashwood was in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> with <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a>, Gray, and others, and shortly afterwards, got into trouble<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with <a href="/wiki/Sir_Horace_Mann,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet">Sir Horace Mann</a>. In 1743 <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a> critically described the Dilettanti Society as "a club for which the nominal qualification is having been to Italy, and the real one, being drunk; the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the whole time they were in Italy".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the society did increasingly have a serious side, and Dashwood's work resulted in his election as a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (FRS) in June 1746,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a> (FSA) in June 1769<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. He also became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Club" title="Lincoln Club">Lincoln Club</a> in the mid-1740s and the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Encouragement_of_Arts,_Manufactures,_and_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce">Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce</a> in 1754. He had connections with the <a href="/wiki/Spalding_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Spalding Society">Spalding Society</a> and became vice-president of both the <a href="/wiki/Foundling_Hospital" title="Foundling Hospital">Foundling Hospital</a> and the General Medical Asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sirfrancisdashwood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Sirfrancisdashwood.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Dashwood in Divan Club attire.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1744, he and John Montagu founded the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Divan_Club" title="Divan Club">Divan Club</a> for those who had visited the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> to share their experiences, but this club was disbanded two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000102_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000102-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Dashwood's return to England, he obtained a minor post in the household of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lewis,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales">Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales</a>. This connection, coupled with the dismissal of his uncle, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Earl of Westmorland">Earl of Westmorland</a>, from his colonelcy of the first troop of horse guards, made Dashwood a violent opponent of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a>'s administration.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sponsored <a href="/wiki/George_Dodington,_1st_Baron_Melcombe" title="George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe">George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe</a>'s membership of the Dilettanti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000104_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000104-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the general election of 1741 Dashwood fought vigorously against Walpole's supporters and secured a seat for himself at <a href="/wiki/New_Romney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)">New Romney</a> on 5 May. In Parliament he followed <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys</a> and vehemently attacked Sir Robert Walpole, declaring that abroad he was looked upon with contempt. Walpole's fall made no difference to Dashwood's position, and as a courtier of Frederick Lewis he was in opposition to all of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II's</a> governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1747 he introduced a poor-relief bill that recommended commissioning <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Caves" title="Hellfire Caves">Hellfire Caves</a> he later had excavated at <a href="/wiki/West_Wycombe_Park" title="West Wycombe Park">West Wycombe Park</a>) to combat unemployment. The bill failed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_staff2003[httpswwwbbccouklegaciesheritageenglandbeds_herts_bucks_p._1]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_staff2003[httpswwwbbccouklegaciesheritageenglandbeds_herts_bucks_p._1]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dashwood was re-elected for <a href="/wiki/New_Romney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)">New Romney</a> on 26 June 1747, and in January 1751 disavowed <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stone_(MP)" title="Andrew Stone (MP)">Andrew Stone</a> and others of the household of <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George, Prince of Wales</a> were suspected. Dashwood supported the influence of George Dodington and opposed the Regency Bill of 15 May 1751.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 April 1749 he was created <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Law" title="Doctor of Civil Law">Doctor of Civil Law</a> of Oxford University, and on 19 June 1746 he was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hellfire_Club">The Hellfire Club</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Hellfire Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg/220px-Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg/330px-Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg/440px-Hogarth_Dashwood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a> from the late 1750s, parodying Renaissance images of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>. The bible has been replaced by a copy of the erotic novel <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chorier" title="Nicolas Chorier"><i>Elegantiae Latini sermonis</i></a>, and the profile of his friend <a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Lord Sandwich</a> peers from the halo.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Dashwood was too young to have been a member of the first <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club" title="Hellfire Club">Hellfire Club</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Wharton" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip, Duke of Wharton">Philip, Duke of Wharton</a> in 1719 and disbanded in 1721, but he and John Montagu are alleged to have been members of a Hellfire Club that met at the <a href="/wiki/George_and_Vulture" title="George and Vulture">George and Vulture Inn</a> throughout the 1730s. It was again at the George and Vulture that in 1746 Dashwood founded the precursor of his own Hellfire Club, a group called the "Knights of St. Francis". This was a parody of a religious order, based on a pun upon his own name and that of the medieval Italian saint, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe200065_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe200065-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dashwood first had the idea of founding a parody of the Franciscan order when he returned from one of his Grand Tours, around 1731. He had visited various monastic communities in Europe, "founded, as it were, in direct contradiction to Nature and Reason", and he thought that by founding "a <a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">burlesque</a> Institution in the name of St Francis", he could substitute "convivial gaiety, unrestrained hilarity, and social felicity [...] in lieu of the austerities and abstemiousness there practised."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1752, he moved the group's headquarters to his family home in <a href="/wiki/West_Wycombe" title="West Wycombe">West Wycombe</a>, holding the first meeting on <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a>. The group was now known as "the Order of the Friars of St. Francis of Wycombe".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000111_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000111-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group subsequently moved their meetings to <a href="/wiki/Medmenham_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Medmenham Abbey">Medmenham Abbey</a>, about 6 miles from West Wycombe, where they called themselves the "Monks of Medmenham".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000112_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000112-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medmenham Abbey had been built by the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian Order">Cistercian Order</a> and was situated on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> near <a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow, Buckinghamshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was owned by Francis Duffield, from whom it was rented by Dashwood, his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Dashwood-King,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet">Sir John Dashwood-King</a>, his cousin Sir Thomas <a href="/wiki/Stapleton_baronets_of_the_Leeward_Islands_(1679)" title="Stapleton baronets of the Leeward Islands (1679)">Stapleton</a>, the satirist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whitehead_(satirist)" title="Paul Whitehead (satirist)">Paul Whitehead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">John Wilkes</a>. The men frequently went to Medmenham Abbey during the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had the buildings restored by the architect <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Revett" title="Nicholas Revett">Nicholas Revett</a> in the style of the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Gothic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic revival">Gothic revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hogarth may have painted murals for this building but none survive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The members included "<a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a>, the Duke of Queensberry, the Earl of Bute, Lord Melcombe, Sir William Stanhope, K.B, Sir John Dashwood-King, bart., Sir Francis Delaval, K.B., Sir John Vanluttan, kt., Henry Vansittart, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> [...] and Paul [Whitehead] the poet".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meetings occurred twice a month, with an <a href="/wiki/Annual_general_meeting" title="Annual general meeting">annual general meeting</a> lasting a week or more in June or September.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a>, who visited the abbey, the members' "practice was rigorously pagan: <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Bacchus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> were the deities to whom they almost publicly sacrificed; and the nymphs and the <a href="/wiki/Hogshead" title="Hogshead">hogsheads</a> [casks of spirits] that were laid in against the festivals of this new church, sufficiently informed the neighbourhood of the complexion of those hermits." Over the grand entrance to the abbey was placed, in stained glass, the famous inscription on <a href="/wiki/Francois_Rabelais" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Rabelais">Rabelais</a>' abbey of Theleme, "<i>Fay ce que voudras</i>" [do what thou wilt]. Dashwood's garden at West Wycombe contained numerous statues and shrines to different gods: <a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_(mythology)" title="Flora (mythology)">Flora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members addressed each other as "Brothers" and the leader, which changed regularly, as "Abbot". During meetings members supposedly wore ritual clothing: white trousers, jacket and cap, while the "Abbot" wore a red ensemble of the same style.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prostitutes were supposedly referred to as "nuns".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Club meetings were said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2023)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have included mock rituals, items of a pornographic nature, much drinking, "wenching" and banqueting. The "monks" were said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2023)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have performed obscene parodies of Christian rites, as well as orgies of drunkenness and debauchery in which Dashwood used a communion cup to pour out libations to heathen deities. These details, possibly embellished, were described in a contemporary novel by the Anglo-Irish satirist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Johnstone" title="Charles Johnstone">Charles Johnstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As a contrast to the frivolity of Medmenham Abbey, Dashwood erected a church on a neighbouring hill. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Churchill_(satirist)" title="Charles Churchill (satirist)">Charles Churchill</a>, who previously labeled Dashwood "a disgrace to manhood" over his actions at Medmenham Abbey,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and John Wilkes criticized this, implying it to be disingenuous. Wilkes wrote that the church was "built on the top of a hill for the convenience and devotion of the town at the bottom of it".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_political_career">Later political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1754, Dashwood was re-elected to parliament for New Romney, and when the Buckinghamshire militia was raised on the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> in 1757, Dashwood became its first colonel with Wilkes as his lieutenant colonel. In the same year, he attempted to prevent Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_Byng" title="John Byng">John Byng</a>'s execution.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 March 1761, he found a new seat in Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Melcombe_Regis_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)">Weymouth and Melcombe Regis</a>; he was re-elected on 9 June 1762 on his appointment as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, which he owed to his dependence upon the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute</a>. Dashwood's ability in government was criticized: "Of financial knowledge he did not possess the rudiments, and his ignorance was all the more conspicuous from the great financial ability of his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Legge</a>. His budget speech was so confused and incapable that it was received with shouts of laughter. An excise of four shillings in the hogshead, to be paid by the grower, which he imposed on cider and perry, raised a resistance through the cider counties hardly less furious than that which had been directed against the <a href="/wiki/Excise_Bill" title="Excise Bill">excise scheme of Walpole</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dashwood and the Prime Minister resigned from the ministry on 8 April 1763. Dashwood received the <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a> Keepership of the <a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_(government)" title="Wardrobe (government)">Wardrobe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1763, Dashwood was summoned to Parliament as 11th <a href="/wiki/Baron_le_Despencer" title="Baron le Despencer">Baron le Despencer</a>. He inherited the barony after the death of his uncle, <a href="/wiki/John_Fane,_7th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland">John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland</a> and 10th Baron le Despencer.<sup id="cite_ref-Debrett-160_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett-160-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1763 Dashwood was premier baronet of England, and he was made <a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Buckinghamshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire">Lord-Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire</a>, being succeeded in the colonelcy of the militia by John Wilkes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Lord le Despencer, his public image became less associated with his past controversial actions. He joined John Montagu in leveling obscenity charges against John Wilkes for writing a pornographic poem, <i>An Essay on Woman</i>. During <a href="/wiki/Lord_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord North">Lord North</a>'s administration from 1770 to 1781, Dashwood was joint <a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postmaster General of the United Kingdom">Postmaster General</a>. Dashwood died at West Wycombe after a long illness on 11 December 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the mausoleum he had built there, next to his wife who had died on 19 January 1769.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg/220px-North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg/330px-North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg/440px-North_Front_of_West_Wycombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>West Wycombe Park</figcaption></figure> <p>On 19 December 1745, Dashwood married Sarah, daughter of George Gould of <a href="/wiki/Iver" title="Iver">Iver</a>, Buckinghamshire.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horace Walpole described her as "a poor forlorn Presbyterian prude";<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage had no effect upon Dashwood's profligacy; according to Wraxall he "far exceeded in licentiousness of conduct any model exhibited since <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dashwood left no legitimate issue, and the Barony of le Despencer again fell into abeyance. His <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Fanny_Antonina_Lee" title="Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee">illegitimate daughter</a> unsuccessfully claimed a right to the title.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sister Rachael illegally assumed the title Baroness le Despencer, but on her death the abeyance was once more terminated in favour of her cousin, Thomas Stapleton. After Dashwood's death, his baronetcy passed to his half-brother, Sir John Dashwood-King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_in_literature_and_other_media">Portrayal in literature and other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Portrayal in literature and other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francis Dashwood has appeared in works by the following authors: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brockden_Brown" title="Charles Brockden Brown">Charles Brockden Brown</a> in his 1798 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Wieland_(novel)" title="Wieland (novel)">Wieland</a></i> describes the character Carwin as "specious seducer Dashwood."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Meade_Falkner" title="J. Meade Falkner">J. Meade Falkner</a> in his 1895 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Stradivarius" title="The Lost Stradivarius">The Lost Stradivarius</a></i> describes the necromancer Adrian Temple as "acquainted with Francis Dashwood, the notorious Lord le Despencer ... many a winter's night saw him riding through the misty Thames meadows to the door of the sham Franciscan abbey ... of Medmenham."</li> <li>Dashwood is mentioned in a longer version of the section "<a href="/wiki/The_Sailor%27s_Hornpipe" title="The Sailor's Hornpipe">The Sailor's Hornpipe</a>" on <a href="/wiki/Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a>'s 1973 debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Tubular_Bells" title="Tubular Bells">Tubular Bells</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anton_Wilson" title="Robert Anton Wilson">Robert Anton Wilson</a> in his 1975 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illuminatus!_Trilogy" title="The Illuminatus! Trilogy">The Illuminatus! Trilogy</a></i> and 1980–81 <i><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_Cat_Trilogy" title="Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy">Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Herbert" title="James Herbert">James Herbert</a> in the 1994 novel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ghosts_of_Sleath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ghosts of Sleath (page does not exist)">The Ghosts of Sleath</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Campbell" title="Eddie Campbell">Eddie Campbell</a> in the 1994 four-issue story arc <i>Warped Notions</i> for the comic book <i><a href="/wiki/Hellblazer" title="Hellblazer">Hellblazer</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gabaldon" title="Diana Gabaldon">Diana Gabaldon</a> in her 1998 novella <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_and_the_Hellfire_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John and the Hellfire Club">Lord John and the Hellfire Club</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Reichs" title="Kathy Reichs">Kathy Reichs</a> in the 2001 Novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Voyage" title="Fatal Voyage">Fatal Voyage</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Bebris" title="Carrie Bebris">Carrie Bebris</a> in her 2005 <a href="/wiki/Regency_novel" title="Regency novel">Regency novel</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suspense_and_Sensibility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suspense and Sensibility (page does not exist)">Suspense and Sensibility</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Carey_(British_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Carey (British writer)">Mike Carey</a> in the 2006 four-issue story arc <i>Reasons to Be Cheerful</i> for the comic book <i><a href="/wiki/Hellblazer" title="Hellblazer">Hellblazer</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kage_Baker" title="Kage Baker">Kage Baker</a> in her 2007 short story "<a href="/wiki/Gods_and_Pawns#Contents" title="Gods and Pawns">Hellfire at Twilight</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Knox" title="Tom Knox">Tom Knox</a> in the 2009 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Genesis_Secret" class="mw-redirect" title="The Genesis Secret">The Genesis Secret</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashwood_baronets" title="Dashwood baronets">Dashwood baronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_le_Despencer" title="Baron le Despencer">Baron le Despencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunston_Pillar" title="Dunston Pillar">Dunston Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence%27s_Church,_West_Wycombe" title="St Lawrence's Church, West Wycombe">St Lawrence's Church, West Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wycombe_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="West Wycombe Caves">West Wycombe Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wycombe_Park" title="West Wycombe Park">West Wycombe Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dashwood was baptised in <a href="/wiki/St_Botolph-without-Bishopsgate" title="St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate">St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate</a> on 23 December 1708.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Dashwood's father, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Dashwood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet</a>, married four times; his second wife was Mary, the eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vere_Fane,_4th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland">Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland</a>, Baron Le Despencer and Burghersh.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When the 7th Earl of Westmorland died childless, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Earl of Westmorland">Earldom of Westmorland</a> passed to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fane,_8th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland">Thomas Fane</a>, a direct male descendant of the 1st Earl. The title of Baron le Despencer, passed through his mother Mary to Francis Dashwood.<sup id="cite_ref-Debrett-160_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett-160-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson1785[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzzEwAAAAYAAJpgPA117_p._117]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson1785[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzzEwAAAAYAAJpgPA117_p._117]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dashwood's portrait, painted by George Knapton, belongs to the Dilettanti Society; he is represented as one of the monks of Medmenham, holding a goblet inscribed "Matri Sanctorum", and in an attitude of devotion before a figure of the Venus de' Medici ; the motive of the picture is "both indecorous and profane"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another portrait of Dashwood, by Hogarth, has been engraved. A third portrait, by an unknown artist, belonged to Viscount Dillon at Ditchley in 1900; it is reproduced in Barker's edition of Walpole's <i>Memoirs of George III</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Debrett-160-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debrett-160_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debrett-160_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> John Fane had died <a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">without issue</a> in 1762. The barony of le Despencer fell to Dashwood. The earldom of Westmorland went to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fane,_8th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland">Thomas Fane</a> of Bristol, a merchant.(<a href="#CITEREFDebrett1820">Debrett 1820</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage06debrgoog/page/n397">160</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodland2004_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodland2004">Woodland 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901112-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901112_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson1785[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzzEwAAAAYAAJpgPA117_p._117]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson1785[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzzEwAAAAYAAJpgPA117_p._117]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmondson1785">Edmondson 1785</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zzEwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA117">p. 117</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, pp. 112–113 Horace Wapole, Memoirs of George III, ed. Barker, i. 237 ; Cust, Dilettanti Soc. pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000100-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000100_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Cust, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Cust, pp. 30, 61 sqq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole <i>Letters</i>, i. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000102-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000102_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole, <i>Letters</i>, ed. Cunningham, i. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000104-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000104_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901113_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_staff2003[httpswwwbbccouklegaciesheritageenglandbeds_herts_bucks_p._1]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_staff2003[httpswwwbbccouklegaciesheritageenglandbeds_herts_bucks_p._1]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBBC_staff2003">BBC staff 2003</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/beds_herts_bucks">p. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cf. Bubb Dodington, Diary, ed. 1809, pp. 6, 7, 59, 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Thomson, Royal Soc. App. p. xliv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114 cites Cust, Dilettanti Soc. p. 217; Almon, Mem. of Wilkes, iii. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114 Walpole's <i>Memoirs of George III</i>, cites 1894, i. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe200065-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe200065_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_Revels" title="Nocturnal Revels">Nocturnal Revels</a>: Or, The History of King's-Place and other Modern Nunneries... by a Monk of the Order of St Francis</i>, 2nd Edition, 2 vols (M. Goadby, London 1779), vol. I, Introduction, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NocturnalRevelsOrTheHistoryOfKings-placeAndOtherModernNunneriesVol/page/n7/mode/2up">pp. i-ii</a> (Internet Archive).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000111-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000111_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000112-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000112_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshe2000118_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshe2000">Ashe 2000</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites John Almon, <i>Mem. and Corr. of John Wilkes</i>, iii. 60-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/bucks/vol3/pp84-89">Parishes: Medmenham Pages 84–89 A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashe p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashe p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashe p 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Johnstone" title="Charles Johnstone">Charles Johnstone</a>, <i>Chrysal, or the adventures of a guinea</i>, 1760-65, “6th edition, greatly enlarged and corrected”, London: 1768, volume 3, p. 231-280. This book was a <i><a href="/wiki/Succ%C3%A8s_de_scandale" title="Succès de scandale">succès de scandale</a></i> which claimed to reveal political secrets, and to expose the profligacy of well-known public characters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cite Wilkes <i>Memoirs</i>, ed. Almon, iii. 57-59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114 cites Walpole, Mem. of George II, ii. 318, 323 sqq., 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114 cites Lecky, History, ed. 1892, iii. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1901114_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 114 cites Gent. Mag. 1781, p. 594.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Reg. of Marr., St. George's, Hanover Square, Harl. Soc. i. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole <i>Letters</i>, ii. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1901">Pollard 1901</a>, p. 113 cites Wraxall <i>Memoirs</i>, ed. Wheatley, ii. 18-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Garnett, 'Lee , Rachel Fanny Antonina (1773?–1829)’, rev. J. Gilliland, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16302,">Retrieved 30 January 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Wieland_(novel)" title="Wieland (novel)">Wieland</a></i>, Brown, 1798, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/wielandmemoirsof00brow/page/141">[1]</a> (Internet Archive).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAshe2000" class="citation book cs1">Ashe, Geoffrey (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellfireclubshis0000ashe"><i>The Hell-Fire Clubs: A History of Anti-Morality</i></a></span> (Revised, paperback ed.). Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-24020" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-24020"><bdi>0-7509-24020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hell-Fire+Clubs%3A+A+History+of+Anti-Morality&rft.place=Gloucestershire&rft.edition=Revised%2C+paperback&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7509-24020&rft.aulast=Ashe&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhellfireclubshis0000ashe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_staff2003" class="citation web cs1">BBC staff (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/beds_herts_bucks/article_1.shtml">"Sir Francis's Folly"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis%27s+Folly&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2003&rft.au=BBC+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flegacies%2Fheritage%2Fengland%2Fbeds_herts_bucks%2Farticle_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson1785" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Joseph (1785). <i>The present peerages: with plates of arms, and an introduction to heraldry ; together with several useful lists incident to the work</i>. Printed for J. Dodsley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+present+peerages%3A+with+plates+of+arms%2C+and+an+introduction+to+heraldry+%3B+together+with+several+useful+lists+incident+to+the+work&rft.pub=Printed+for+J.+Dodsley&rft.date=1785&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodland2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Woodland, Patrick (2004). "Dashwood, Francis, eleventh Baron Le Despencer (1708–1781)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7179">10.1093/ref:odnb/7179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dashwood%2C+Francis%2C+eleventh+Baron+Le+Despencer+%281708%E2%80%931781%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7179&rft.aulast=Woodland&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Attribution</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebrett1820" class="citation book cs1">Debrett, John, ed. (1820). <i>Debrett's Correct Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland</i>. Vol. 1 (13 ed.). London: Printed G. Woodall, Angel Court, Skinner Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Correct+Peerage+of+England%2C+Scotland%2C+and+Ireland&rft.place=London&rft.edition=13&rft.pub=Printed+G.+Woodall%2C+Angel+Court%2C+Skinner+Street&rft.date=1820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1901" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1901_supplement/Dashwood,_Francis" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Dashwood, Francis">Dashwood, Francis</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (1st supplement)</i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">112–</span>115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dashwood%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%281st+supplement%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Albert+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span> Endnotes <ul><li>A volume of Dashwood's correspondence extending from 1747 to 1781 is in Egerton MS. 2136, and letters from him to Wilkes are in Addit. MS. 30867. See also Journals of the Lords and Commons;</li> <li>Official Return of Members of Parl.;</li> <li>Old Parliamentary History;</li> <li>Lists of Sheriffs, P.R.O.;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1888–1891" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Foster_(genealogist)" title="Joseph Foster (genealogist)">Foster, Joseph</a> (1888–1891). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Dashwood, Sir Francis"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alumni_Oxonienses:_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1715-1886/Dashwood,_Sir_Francis">"Dashwood, Sir Francis" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Oxonienses:_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1715%E2%80%931886" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886">Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886</a></i>. Oxford: James Parker – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dashwood%2C+Sir+Francis&rft.btitle=Alumni+Oxonienses%3A+the+Members+of+the+University+of+Oxford%2C+1715%E2%80%931886&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=James+Parker&rft.date=1888%2F1891&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Dashwood%2C+11th+Baron+le+Despencer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham, vols. i-v. and vii., Memoirs of George II, ed. Lord Holland, and of George III, ed. Barker;</li> <li>Wraxall's Hist. and Posthumous Mem., ed. Wheatle;</li> <li>Almon's Mem. and Corresp. of John Wilkes, ed. 1805;</li> <li>Bubb Dodington's Diary, ed. 1809, passim;</li> <li>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Letters;</li> <li>Chesterfield's Letters;</li> <li>Boswell's Johnson, ed. Hill;</li> <li>Charles Johnston's Chrysal, 1768;</li> <li>Churchill's Poems, The Ghost and the Candidate;</li> <li>Bedford Correspondence;</li> <li>Thomson's Hist, of the Royal Soc.;</li> <li>Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, viii. 236, ix. 454 (where he is confused with Thomas Stapleton, his successor in the barony);</li> <li>Mahon's Hist, of England;</li> <li>Leeky's Hist, of England;</li> <li>Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire;</li> <li>Collinson's Somerset;</li> <li>Doran's 'Mann' and Manners at the Court of Florence;</li> <li>Cust's History of the Dilettanti Society, 1898, passim;</li> <li>Courthope's, Burke's, and G. E. Cokayne's Complete Peerages.</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Biography</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.controverscial.com/Sir%20Francis%20Dashwood.htm">Sir Francis Dashwood (1708- 1781)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215024327/http://controverscial.com/Sir%20Francis%20Dashwood.htm">Archived</a> 15 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by George Knowles at controverscial.com</li></ul> <p><b>Writings</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Franklin%20Abridged/index.html">Abridgement of the Book of Common Prayer (1773), by Benjamin Franklin and Francis Dashwood</a>, transcribed by Richard Mammana</li></ul> <p><b>The Hellfire Club</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/history/hellfire/hellfire.html">The Hell-Fire Clubs</a> from the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/hellfire.html">The 'Hell Fire Club'</a> by Marjie Bloy, PhD at The Victorian Web</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091010045146/http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~rebis/ts-artic4.htm">The Hellfire Club</a> by Mike Howard at Talking Stick</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060223100643/http://www.blather.net/shitegeist/1998/06/hellfire_francis.htm">Francis Dashwood of the English Hellfire Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyglover/sets/72157603796850610/">The Lives & Times of the Hell-Fire Club</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=798">High politics and Hellfire: William Hogarth’s portrait of Francis Dashwood</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021165447/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=798">Archived</a> 21 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Simon" title="Robin Simon">Robin Simon</a> editor of <a href="/wiki/The_British_Art_Journal" title="The British Art Journal">The British Art Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509204647/http://www.blather.net/shitegeist/2006/02/the_hellfire_club_tunnels_and.htm">Photographs of Dashwood's tunnels in West Wycombe</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bisse" title="Stephen Bisse">Stephen Bisse</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Austen,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Austen, 4th Baronet">Sir Robert Austen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/New_Romney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)">New Romney</a> </b><br />1741–1761 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Furnese_(MP,_died_1756)" title="Henry Furnese (MP, died 1756)">Henry Furnese</a> 1741–1756<br /><a href="/wiki/Rose_Fuller" title="Rose Fuller">Rose Fuller</a> 1756–1761 </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Dering,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Dering, 6th Baronet">Sir Edward Dering</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Knight_(MP_for_Kent)" title="Thomas Knight (MP for Kent)">Thomas Knight</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Welbore_Ellis,_1st_Baron_Mendip" title="Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip">Welbore Ellis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Lord John Cavendish</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Dodington,_1st_Baron_Melcombe" title="George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe">George Dodington</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Tucker_(MP)" title="John Tucker (MP)">John Tucker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Melcombe_Regis_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)">Weymouth and Melcombe Regis</a> </b><br />1761–1763 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Tucker_(MP)" title="John Tucker (MP)">John Tucker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Glover_(poet)" title="Richard Glover (poet)">Richard Glover</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Olmius,_1st_Baron_Waltham" title="John Olmius, 1st Baron Waltham">John Olmius</a> 1761–1762<br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jackson_(colonial_agent)" title="Richard Jackson (colonial agent)">Richard Jackson</a> 1762–1763 </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Tucker_(MP)" title="John Tucker (MP)">John Tucker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Glover_(poet)" title="Richard Glover (poet)">Richard Glover</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jackson_(colonial_agent)" title="Richard Jackson (colonial agent)">Richard Jackson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Walcott_(MP)" title="Charles Walcott (MP)">Charles Walcott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">The Viscount Barrington</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> </b><br />1762–1763 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">George Grenville</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Ponsonby,_2nd_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough">The Earl of Bessborough</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postmaster General of the United Kingdom">2nd Postmaster-General</a> </b><br />1765–1781 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">The Viscount Barrington</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FF9966;">Court offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Charles Townshend</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Chamber" title="Treasurer of the Chamber">Treasurer of the Chamber</a> </b><br />1761–1762 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gilbert_Elliot,_3rd_Baronet,_of_Minto" title="Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto">Sir Gilbert Elliot</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Marquess_of_Stafford" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford">The Earl Gower</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Great_Wardrobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Great Wardrobe">Master of the Great Wardrobe</a> </b><br />1763–1765 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Ashburnham,_2nd_Earl_of_Ashburnham" title="John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham">The Earl of Ashburnham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenville-Temple,_2nd_Earl_Temple" title="Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple">The Earl Temple</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire">Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire</a> </b><br />1763–1781 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_5th_Earl_of_Chesterfield" title="Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield">The Earl of Chesterfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>In abeyance</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/John_Fane,_7th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland">John Fane</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_le_Despencer" title="Baron le Despencer">Baron le Despencer</a> </b><br />1763–1781 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>In abeyance</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Stapleton,_12th_Baron_le_Despencer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Stapleton, 12th Baron le Despencer (page does not exist)">Thomas Stapleton</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_baronetcies" title="List of extant baronetcies">Baronetage of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Dashwood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet">Francis Dashwood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dashwood_baronets" title="Dashwood baronets">Baronet</a></b><br />(of West Wycombe) <b><br /></b>1724–1781 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Dashwood-King,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet">John Dashwood-King</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" title="Template:Chancellors of the exchequer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" title="Template talk:Chancellors of the exchequer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of the exchequer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer387" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the exchequer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_England" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">Maunsell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_de_Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralf de Leicester (page does not exist)">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_of_Westminster_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward of Westminster (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">W. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">G. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">de la Leye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Willoughby" title="Philip de Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Benstede" title="John de Benstede">Benstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Stanton" title="Hervey de Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Harvington" title="Adam de Harvington">Harvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ashby_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ashby (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Barnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Barnham (page does not exist)">Barnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somer" title="Henry Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somerset" title="John Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Browne (died 1460)">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thwaites_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Thwaites (civil servant)">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fowler_(chancellor)" title="Richard Fowler (chancellor)">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners" title="John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners">Berners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sackville_(escheator)" title="Richard Sackville (escheator)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mildmay" title="Walter Mildmay">Mildmay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_of_Salden" title="John Fortescue of Salden">Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar" title="George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Greville,_1st_Baron_Brooke" title="Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke">Greville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barrett,_1st_Lord_Barrett_of_Newburgh" title="Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colepeper,_1st_Baron_Colepeper" title="John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncombe_(Bury_St_Edmunds_MP)" title="John Duncombe (Bury St Edmunds MP)">Duncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernle" title="John Ernle">Ernle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Delamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benson,_1st_Baron_Bingley" title="Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wyndham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet">Wyndham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">Aislabie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(judge)" title="John Pratt (judge)">Pratt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(English_judge)" title="William Lee (English judge)">Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dashwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dowdeswell_(politician,_born_1721)" title="William Dowdeswell (politician, born 1721)">Dowdeswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Baron_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbott,_1st_Baron_Tenterden" title="Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden">Tenterden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_1st_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman">Denman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Spring Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Reeves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italic:</i> Interim chancellor of the exchequer, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122773037">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21985874">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/237583/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqbqYwTxJdV97Rgdw4wmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136236936">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr88008971">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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