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aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geographic coordinate system</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Geographic_coordinate_system" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--inline cdx-message--notice mw-fr-mobile-message-inline"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on <i>17 November 2024</i>.</div></div></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">Spatial reference system</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>A <b>geographic coordinate system</b> (<b>GCS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system" title="Spherical coordinate system">spherical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_coordinates" title="Geodetic coordinates">geodetic coordinate</a> system for measuring and communicating <a href="/wiki/Position_(geometry)" title="Position (geometry)">positions</a> directly on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> as <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chang2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various <a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Spatial reference systems">spatial reference systems</a> that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate <a href="/wiki/Tuple" title="Tuple">tuple</a> like a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">cartesian coordinate system</a>, the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.<sup id="cite_ref-DiBiase_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiBiase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FedStats_Lat_long.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FedStats_Lat_long.svg/260px-FedStats_Lat_long.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FedStats_Lat_long.svg/390px-FedStats_Lat_long.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FedStats_Lat_long.svg/520px-FedStats_Lat_long.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="340"></a><figcaption>Longitude lines are perpendicular to and latitude lines are parallel to the Equator</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p>A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the <a href="/wiki/EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter_Dataset" title="EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset">EPSG</a> and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_datum" title="Geodetic datum">geodetic datum</a> (including an <a href="/wiki/Earth_ellipsoid" title="Earth ellipsoid">Earth ellipsoid</a>), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location.<sup id="cite_ref-epsg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epsg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Latitude_and_longitude"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Latitude and longitude</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geodetic_datum"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geodetic datum</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Length_of_a_degree"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Length of a degree</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Alternate_encodings"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Alternate encodings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_geodesy" title="History of geodesy">History of geodesy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to <a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, who composed his now-lost <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Eratosthenes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography (Eratosthenes)">Geography</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a> in the 3rd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A century later, <a href="/wiki/Hipparchus#Geography" title="Hipparchus">Hipparchus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a> improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">lunar eclipses</a>, rather than <a href="/wiki/Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">dead reckoning</a>. In the 1st or 2nd century, <a href="/wiki/Marinus_of_Tyre" title="Marinus of Tyre">Marinus of Tyre</a> compiled an extensive gazetteer and <a href="/wiki/Equirectangular_projection" title="Equirectangular projection">mathematically plotted world map</a> using coordinates measured east from a <a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian" title="Prime meridian">prime meridian</a> at the westernmost known land, designated the <a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a>, off the coast of western Africa around the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde Islands</a>, and measured north or south of the island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> off <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the <a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">midsummer</a> day.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy's 2nd-century <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i> used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a> instead. After their work was translated into <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> in the 9th century, <a href="/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi" title="Al-Khwarizmi">Al-Khwārizmī</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Description_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Description of the Earth">Book of the Description of the Earth</a></i> corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing <a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">medieval Arabic cartography</a> to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following <a href="/wiki/Maximus_Planudes" title="Maximus Planudes">Maximus Planudes</a>' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_d%27Angelo" title="Jacopo d'Angelo">Jacopo d'Angelo</a> around 1407. </p><p>In 1884, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">International Meridian Conference</a>, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, England as the zero-reference line. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> voted against the motion, while France and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> abstained.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France adopted <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> in place of local determinations by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Observatory" title="Paris Observatory">Paris Observatory</a> in 1911. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Latitude_and_longitude">Latitude and longitude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Latitude and longitude" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg/260px-Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="825"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 260px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg/260px-Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg/390px-Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg/520px-Latitude_and_longitude_graticule_on_a_sphere.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Diagram of the latitude <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ϕ</span> and longitude <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> angle measurements for a spherical model of the Earth.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">Latitude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">Longitude</a></div> <p>The <i>latitude</i> <a href="/wiki/Phi" title="Phi"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ϕ</span></a> of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_latitude" title="Circle of latitude">parallels</a>, as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> is 90° N; the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_plane_(spherical_coordinates)" title="Fundamental plane (spherical coordinates)">fundamental plane</a> of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemispheres</a>. </p><p>The <i>longitude</i> <a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span></a> of a point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a> to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great <a href="/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse">ellipses</a> (often called <a href="/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circles</a>), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, in southeast London, England, is the international <a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian" title="Prime meridian">prime meridian</a>, although some organizations—such as the French <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27information_g%C3%A9ographique_et_foresti%C3%A8re" title="Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière">Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière</a></span></span>—continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemispheres</a>, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> on a single side. The <a href="/wiki/Antipodes" title="Antipodes">antipodal</a> meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>, which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>. </p><p>The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Graticule_(cartography)" title="Graticule (cartography)">graticule</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin/zero point of this system is located in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> about 625 km (390 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">Tema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, a location often facetiously called <a href="/wiki/Null_Island" title="Null Island">Null Island</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geodetic_datum">Geodetic datum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geodetic datum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_datum" title="Geodetic datum">Geodetic datum</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Figure_of_the_Earth" title="Figure of the Earth">Figure of the Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference ellipsoid">Reference ellipsoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_conversion" title="Geographic coordinate conversion">Geographic coordinate conversion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">Spatial reference system</a></div> <p>In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a <i><a href="/wiki/Geodetic_datum" title="Geodetic datum">geodetic datum</a></i> must be used. A <i>horizonal datum</i> is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a <i>vertical datum</i> is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a <a href="/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference ellipsoid">reference ellipsoid</a> for a horizontal datum, and a more precise <a href="/wiki/Geoid" title="Geoid">geoid</a> for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_control_network" title="Geodetic control network">control points</a>, surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">center of mass</a> of the Earth. </p><p>This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any <a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">spatial reference system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Map_projection" title="Map projection">map projection</a> is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Universal_transverse_mercator" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal transverse mercator">UTM</a> coordinate based on <a href="/wiki/WGS84" class="mw-redirect" title="WGS84">WGS84</a> will be different than a UTM coordinate based on <a href="/wiki/NAD27" class="mw-redirect" title="NAD27">NAD27</a> for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_conversion#Datum_transformations" title="Geographic coordinate conversion">datum transformation</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Helmert_transformation" title="Helmert transformation">Helmert transformation</a>, although in certain situations a simple <a href="/wiki/Translation_(geometry)" title="Translation (geometry)">translation</a> may be sufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include <a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">World Geodetic System</a> (WGS<span class="nowrap"> </span>84, also known as EPSG:4326<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the default datum used for the <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Terrestrial_Reference_System_and_Frame" title="International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame">International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame</a> (ITRF), used for estimating <a href="/wiki/Continental_drift" title="Continental drift">continental drift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crustal_deformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustal deformation">crustal deformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolstad_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolstad-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space.<sup id="cite_ref-OSGB_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSGB-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Datum" title="North American Datum">North American Datum</a>, the European <a href="/wiki/ED50" title="ED50">ED50</a>, and the British <a href="/wiki/OSGB36" class="mw-redirect" title="OSGB36">OSGB36</a>. Given a location, the datum provides the latitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.385ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" data-alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> and longitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.355ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" data-alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>. In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS<span class="nowrap"> </span>84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112<span class="nowrap"> </span>m. The military system <a href="/wiki/ED50" title="ED50">ED50</a>, used by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, differs from about 120<span class="nowrap"> </span>m to 180<span class="nowrap"> </span>m.<sup id="cite_ref-OSGB_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSGB-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal <a href="/wiki/Earth_tide" title="Earth tide">Earth tidal</a> movement caused by the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to <span class="nowrap">10 cm</span> a year, or <span class="nowrap">10 m</span> in a century. A <a href="/wiki/Weather_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Weather system">weather system</a> high-pressure area can cause a sinking of <span class="nowrap">5 mm</span>. <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> is rising by <span class="nowrap">1 cm</span> a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation" title="Quaternary glaciation">last ice age</a>, but neighboring <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> is rising by only <span class="nowrap">0.2 cm</span>. These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used.<sup id="cite_ref-OSGB_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSGB-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Length_of_a_degree">Length of a degree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Length of a degree" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Length_of_a_degree_of_latitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Length of a degree of latitude">Length of a degree of latitude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Length_of_a_degree_of_longitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Length of a degree of longitude">Length of a degree of longitude</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arc_length#Great_circles_on_Earth" title="Arc length">Arc length § Great circles on Earth</a></div> <p>On the <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_Reference_System_1980" title="Geodetic Reference System 1980">GRS<span class="nowrap"> </span>80</a> or <a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System#WGS84" title="World Geodetic System">WGS<span class="nowrap"> </span>84</a> spheroid at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a>, one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a> at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. </p><p>On the WGS<span class="nowrap"> </span>84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ϕ</span> (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ϕ</span>), is about </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 111132.92-559.82\,\cos 2\phi +1.175\,\cos 4\phi -0.0023\,\cos 6\phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>111132.92</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>559.82</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.175</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.0023</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 111132.92-559.82\,\cos 2\phi +1.175\,\cos 4\phi -0.0023\,\cos 6\phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/957b5334ab3624061eceb4eeb53126f4765b6844" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:57.143ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 111132.92-559.82\,\cos 2\phi +1.175\,\cos 4\phi -0.0023\,\cos 6\phi }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 57.143ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/957b5334ab3624061eceb4eeb53126f4765b6844" data-alt="{\displaystyle 111132.92-559.82\,\cos 2\phi +1.175\,\cos 4\phi -0.0023\,\cos 6\phi }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span><sup id="cite_ref-GISS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GISS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <p>The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. </p><p>Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 111412.84\,\cos \phi -93.5\,\cos 3\phi +0.118\,\cos 5\phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>111412.84</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>93.5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.118</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 111412.84\,\cos \phi -93.5\,\cos 3\phi +0.118\,\cos 5\phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f7af3bc707e66e2827831eb43c655fb5723d1a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:44.357ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 111412.84\,\cos \phi -93.5\,\cos 3\phi +0.118\,\cos 5\phi }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 44.357ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f7af3bc707e66e2827831eb43c655fb5723d1a3" data-alt="{\displaystyle 111412.84\,\cos \phi -93.5\,\cos 3\phi +0.118\,\cos 5\phi }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span><sup id="cite_ref-GISS_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GISS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <p>(Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) </p><p>The formulae both return units of meters per degree. </p><p>An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.385ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" data-alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}M_{r}\cos \phi \!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>180</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}M_{r}\cos \phi \!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8842f42584619470faff49ae48ba58c005fb240a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-right: -0.348ex; width:12.783ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}M_{r}\cos \phi \!}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12.783ex;height: 4.676ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8842f42584619470faff49ae48ba58c005fb240a" data-alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}M_{r}\cos \phi \!}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span></div> <p>where <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius#Meridional_Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">Earth's average meridional radius</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0353f63a61cadada5864e843480af0b5d4740e2e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:3.615ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 3.615ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0353f63a61cadada5864e843480af0b5d4740e2e" data-alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> is <span class="nowrap">6,367,449 m</span>. Since the Earth is an <a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Oblate_spheroids" title="Spheroid">oblate spheroid</a>, not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.385ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" data-alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> is </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}a\cos \beta \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>180</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}a\cos \beta \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8c8d34c8a49540046c2ec692c074a50a575be88a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:11.158ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}a\cos \beta \,\!}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11.158ex;height: 4.676ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8c8d34c8a49540046c2ec692c074a50a575be88a" data-alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}a\cos \beta \,\!}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span></div> <p>where Earth's equatorial radius <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.23ex;height: 1.676ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" data-alt="{\displaystyle a}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> equals 6,378,137 m and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>tan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>tan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2cb7d107c87e5950b37be1418c8e811198bc6ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:15.789ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15.789ex;height: 3.509ex;vertical-align: -1.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2cb7d107c87e5950b37be1418c8e811198bc6ab" data-alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>; for the GRS<span class="nowrap"> </span>80 and WGS<span class="nowrap"> </span>84 spheroids, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.99664719</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/967f4bdafe42ac39f6a4e4d1cac0efa6b773f6ce" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.913ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15.913ex;height: 3.509ex;vertical-align: -1.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/967f4bdafe42ac39f6a4e4d1cac0efa6b773f6ce" data-alt="{\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>. (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7724761d56a88399f5ffac0403c05ef50bebad73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.719ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.719ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7724761d56a88399f5ffac0403c05ef50bebad73" data-alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> is known as the <a href="/wiki/Latitude#Parametric_(or_reduced)_latitude" title="Latitude">reduced (or parametric) latitude</a>). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Longitudinal length equivalents at selected latitudes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">Latitude </th> <th style="width:150px;">City </th> <th style="width:100px;">Degree </th> <th style="width:100px;">Minute </th> <th style="width:100px;">Second </th> <th style="width:100px;">0.0001° </th></tr> <tr> <td>60° </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">55.80 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.930 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15.50 m </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5.58 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>51° 28′ 38″ N </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">69.47 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.158 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19.30 m </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6.95 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>45° </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.85 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.31 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21.90 m </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7.89 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>30° </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">96.49 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.61 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26.80 m </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9.65 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>0° </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">111.3 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.855 km </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30.92 m </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11.13 m </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Alternate_encodings">Alternate encodings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alternate encodings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Maidenhead_Locator_System" title="Maidenhead Locator System">Maidenhead Locator System</a>, popular with radio operators.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/World_Geographic_Reference_System" title="World Geographic Reference System">World Geographic Reference System</a> (GEOREF), developed for global military operations, replaced by the current <a href="/wiki/Global_Area_Reference_System" title="Global Area Reference System">Global Area Reference System</a> (GARS).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a> or "Plus Codes", developed by Google and released into the public domain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geohash" title="Geohash">Geohash</a>, a public domain system based on the Morton <a href="/wiki/Z-order_curve" title="Z-order curve">Z-order curve</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapcode" title="Mapcode">Mapcode</a>, an open-source system originally developed at TomTom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What3words" title="What3words">What3words</a>, a proprietary system that encodes GCS coordinates as pseudorandom sets of words by dividing the coordinates into three numbers and looking up words in an indexed dictionary.</li></ul> <p>These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_degrees" title="Decimal degrees">Decimal degrees</a> – Angular measurements, typically for latitude and longitude</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distance" title="Geographical distance">Geographical distance</a> – Distance measured along the surface of the Earth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">Geographic information system</a> – System to capture, manage, and present geographic data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_URI_scheme" title="Geo URI scheme">Geo URI scheme</a> – System of geographic location identifiers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">ISO 6709</a>, standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_referencing" title="Linear referencing">Linear referencing</a> – method of spatial referencing<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_direction" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary direction">Primary direction</a> – Celestial coordinate system used to specify the positions of celestial objects<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_coordinate_system" title="Planetary coordinate system">Planetary coordinate system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selenographic_coordinate_system" title="Selenographic coordinate system">Selenographic coordinate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">Spatial reference system</a> – System to specify locations on Earth</li> <li>Jan Smits (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ica-proj.kartografija.hr/for-librarians.en.html#co">Mathematical data for bibliographic descriptions of cartographic materials and spatial data</a>. <i>Geographical co-ordinates</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a> Commission on Map Projections.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pair had accurate absolute distances within the Mediterranean but underestimated the <a href="/wiki/Circumference_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumference of the Earth">circumference of the Earth</a>, causing their degree measurements to overstate its length west from Rhodes or Alexandria, respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternative versions of latitude and longitude include geocentric coordinates, which measure with respect to Earth's center; geodetic coordinates, which model Earth as an <a href="/wiki/Ellipsoid" title="Ellipsoid">ellipsoid</a>; and geographic coordinates, which measure with respect to a plumb line at the location for which coordinates are given.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WGS 84 is the default datum used in most GPS equipment, but other datums can be selected.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chang2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chang2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChang2016" class="citation book cs1">Chang, Kang-tsung (2016). <i>Introduction to Geographic Information Systems</i> (9th ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spatialreference.org&rft.atitle=WGS+84%3A+EPSG+Projection+--+Spatial+Reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspatialreference.org%2Fref%2Fepsg%2F4326%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeographic+coordinate+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolstad-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bolstad_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolstad2012" class="citation book cs1">Bolstad, Paul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015162738/http://www.paulbolstad.net/5thedition/samplechaps/Chapter3_5th_small.pdf"><i>GIS Fundamentals</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5th ed.). Atlas books. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9717647-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9717647-3-6"><bdi>978-0-9717647-3-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulbolstad.net/5thedition/samplechaps/Chapter3_5th_small.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GIS+Fundamentals&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Atlas+books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9717647-3-6&rft.aulast=Bolstad&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulbolstad.net%2F5thedition%2Fsamplechaps%2FChapter3_5th_small.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeographic+coordinate+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSGB-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSGB_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSGB_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSGB_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/documents/resources/guide-coordinate-systems-great-britain.pdf"><i>A guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, D00659 v3.6, Ordnance Survey, 2020, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402024515/http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/documents/resources/guide-coordinate-systems-great-britain.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+guide+to+coordinate+systems+in+Great+Britain&rft.series=D00659+v3.6&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fresources%2Fguide-coordinate-systems-great-britain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeographic+coordinate+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GISS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GISS_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GISS_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/75528/length-of-a-degree-where-do-the-terms-in-this-formula-come-from">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629203521/http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/75528/length-of-a-degree-where-do-the-terms-in-this-formula-come-from">Archived</a> 29 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Geographic Information Systems – Stackexchange</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>Portions of this article are from Jason Harris' "Astroinfo" which is distributed with <a href="/wiki/KStars" title="KStars">KStars</a>, a desktop planetarium for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>/<a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edu.kde.org/kstars/index.phtml">The KDE Education Project – KStars</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517043629/http://edu.kde.org/kstars/index.phtml">Archived</a> 17 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section 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data-user-gender="female" data-timestamp="1731811870"> <span>Last edited on 17 November 2024, at 02:51</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Хэкумэтх кординатхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хэкумэтх кординатхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_Lage" title="Geografische Lage – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geografische Lage" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD_%E1%88%98%E1%8C%8B%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%85%E1%88%AD" title="የምድር መጋጠሚያ ውቅር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የምድር መጋጠሚያ ውቅር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агеографиатә акоординатқәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агеографиатә акоординатқәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام إحداثيات جغرافية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام إحداثيات جغرافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_cheograficas" title="Coordenadas cheograficas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Coordenadas cheograficas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordon%C3%A2s_geografiques" title="Coordonâs geografiques – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Coordonâs geografiques" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="ভৌগোলিক স্থানাঙ্ক প্ৰণালী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভৌগোলিক স্থানাঙ্ক প্ৰণালী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_coordenaes_xeogr%C3%A1fiques" title="Sistema de coordenaes xeográfiques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema de coordenaes xeográfiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक सिस्टम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emohenda_yvy_apeku%C3%A9pe" title="Ñemohenda yvy apekuépe – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemohenda yvy apekuépe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Географиялъул координатал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Географиялъул координатал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_koordinat_sistemi" title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جوغرافی موختصات سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوغرافی موختصات سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_g%C3%A9ograpis" title="Sistem koordinat géograpis – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sistem koordinat géograpis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="ভৌগোলিক স্থানাঙ্ক ব্যবস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভৌগোলিক স্থানাঙ্ক ব্যবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keng-h%C5%ABi-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Keng-hūi-tō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Keng-hūi-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Географик координаталар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Географик координаталар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Геаграфічныя каардынаты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаграфічныя каардынаты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Геаграфічныя каардынаты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геаграфічныя каардынаты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक सिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_nin_pangheograpikong_koordinasyon" title="Sistema nin pangheograpikong koordinasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sistema nin pangheograpikong koordinasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Географска координатна система – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Географска координатна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_Koordinatn" title="Geografische Koordinatn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Geografische Koordinatn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografske_koordinate" title="Geografske koordinate – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geografske koordinate" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daveenno%C3%B9_lec%27hia%C3%B1" title="Daveennoù lec'hiañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daveennoù lec'hiañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Газар зүйн һольбосол – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газар зүйн һольбосол" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenades_geogr%C3%A0fiques" title="Coordenades geogràfiques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coordenades geogràfiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Географи координачĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Географи координачĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiganos_sa_heograpiko" title="Tiganos sa heograpiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tiganos sa heograpiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bpisn%C3%A9_sou%C5%99adnice" title="Zeměpisné souřadnice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zeměpisné souřadnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandira_reMapangana_eTarachisi" title="Dandira reMapangana eTarachisi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dandira reMapangana eTarachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_cyfesurynnau_daearyddol" title="System cyfesurynnau daearyddol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System cyfesurynnau daearyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiske_koordinater" title="Geografiske koordinater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geografiske koordinater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سيستيم جغرافي د لإحداتيات – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سيستيم جغرافي د لإحداتيات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographische_Koordinaten" title="Geographische Koordinaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographische Koordinaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiske_koordinaty" title="Geografiske koordinaty – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Geografiske koordinaty" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograafilised_koordinaadid" title="Geograafilised koordinaadid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geograafilised koordinaadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Γεωγραφικές συντεταγμένες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωγραφικές συντεταγμένες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_geogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas geográficas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coordenadas geográficas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_koordinatsistemo" title="Geografia koordinatsistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geografia koordinatsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_geogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas geográficas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Coordenadas geográficas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordenatu_geografikoen_sistema" title="Koordenatu geografikoen sistema – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koordenatu geografikoen sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دستگاه مختصات جغرافیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه مختصات جغرافیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Coordonnées géographiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coordonnées géographiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografyske_ko%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografyske koördinaten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geografyske koördinaten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisteme_di_coordenadis_gjeografichis" title="Sisteme di coordenadis gjeografichis – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sisteme di coordenadis gjeografichis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_comhordan%C3%A1ide_geografa%C3%AD" title="Córas comhordanáide geografaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas comhordanáide geografaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corys_co-ordnaidyn_%C3%A7heer-oaylleeagh" title="Corys co-ordnaidyn çheer-oaylleeagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corys co-ordnaidyn çheer-oaylleeagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-chomharran_an_Domhain" title="Co-chomharran an Domhain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Co-chomharran an Domhain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_xeogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas xeográficas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coordenadas xeográficas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Географе координаташ – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Географе координаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6-%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6" title="અક્ષાંશ-રેખાંશ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અક્ષાંશ-રેખાંશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-l%C3%AE_chh%C3%B4-ph%C3%AAu_ne-th%C3%BAng" title="Thi-lî chhô-phêu ne-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-lî chhô-phêu ne-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A2%8C%ED%91%9C%EA%B3%84" title="지리 좌표계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지리 좌표계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarin_Daidaiton_Labarin_Kasa" title="Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աշխարհագրական կոորդինատներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխարհագրական կոորդինատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक प्रणाली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूगोलीय निर्देशांक प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiske_koordinaty" title="Geografiske koordinaty – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Geografiske koordinaty" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljopisni_koordinatni_sustav" title="Zemljopisni koordinatni sustav – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljopisni koordinatni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Geographic coordinate system" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heograpikal_a_nagsasabtan" title="Heograpikal a nagsasabtan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heograpikal a nagsasabtan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_geographic_de_coordinatas" title="Systema geographic de coordinatas – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Systema geographic de coordinatas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Географион координатæтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Географион координатæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauganet_jar%C3%B0ar" title="Bauganet jarðar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bauganet jarðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coordinate geografiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קואורדינטות גאוגרפיות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קואורדינטות גאוגרפיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordhinat_g%C3%A9yografis" title="Sistem koordhinat géyografis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem koordhinat géyografis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ ಪದ್ಧತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ ಪದ್ಧತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გეოგრაფიული კოორდინატები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოგრაფიული კოორდინატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Географиялық координаттар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Географиялық координаттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majiranukta_ya_kijiografia" title="Majiranukta ya kijiografia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Majiranukta ya kijiografia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_koord%C3%AEnat%C3%AAn_erdn%C3%AEgar%C3%AE" title="Pergala koordînatên erdnîgarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala koordînatên erdnîgarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Географиялык координаттар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Географиялык координаттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ພິກັດພູມສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພິກັດພູມສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinatae_geographicae" title="Coordinatae geographicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Coordinatae geographicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eogr%C4%81fisk%C4%81_koordin%C4%81tu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Ģeogrāfiskā koordinātu sistēma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeogrāfiskā koordinātu sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographesch_Koordinaten" title="Geographesch Koordinaten – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geographesch Koordinaten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografin%C4%97_koordina%C4%8Di%C5%B3_sistema" title="Geografinė koordinačių sistema – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geografinė koordinačių sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordin%C3%A6_geografiche" title="Coordinæ geografiche – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Coordinæ geografiche" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuurdinad_geugrafich" title="Cuurdinad geugrafich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cuurdinad geugrafich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldrajzi_koordin%C3%A1ta-rendszer" title="Földrajzi koordináta-rendszer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földrajzi koordináta-rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Географски координатен систем – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Географски координатен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangitra_ara-jeografia" title="Fangitra ara-jeografia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fangitra ara-jeografia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രനിർദ്ദേശാങ്കവ്യവസ്ഥ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രനിർദ്ദേശാങ്കവ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="भौगोलिक गुणक पद्धती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौगोलिक गुणक पद्धती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გეოგრაფიული კოორდინატეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეოგრაფიული კოორდინატეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%89" title="نظام تحديد المكان الجغرافى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام تحديد المكان الجغرافى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دستگاه مختصات جغرافیایی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دستگاه مختصات جغرافیایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografis" title="Sistem koordinat geografis – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sistem koordinat geografis" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-l%C4%AB_c%C3%B4%CC%A4-bi%C4%95u_hi%C3%AA-t%C5%ABng" title="Dê-lī cô̤-biĕu hiê-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-lī cô̤-biĕu hiê-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Газар зүйн солбицлын систем – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газар зүйн солбицлын систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ပထဝီဝင် ကိုဩဒိနိတ် စနစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပထဝီဝင် ကိုဩဒိနိတ် စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geografische coördinaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_ko%C3%B6rdinaoten" title="Geografische koördinaoten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geografische koördinaoten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="भौगोलिक कोअर्दिनेत व्यवस्था – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौगोलिक कोअर्दिनेत व्यवस्था" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" title="地理座標系 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地理座標系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AB%C5%A1t%C3%A9m_d%27u_c%C3%B6rd%C3%ABnazj%C3%B4n_gj%C3%B6graf%C3%ABx%C3%AB" title="Sëštém d'u cördënazjôn gjögrafëxë – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Sëštém d'u cördënazjôn gjögrafëxë" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Географин координаташ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Географин координаташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiske_koordinater" title="Geografiske koordinater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geografiske koordinater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_geograficas" title="Coordenadas geograficas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coordenadas geograficas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Географик координат-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Географик координат-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8C%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF" title="ଭୌଗଳିକ ଦିଗବାରେଣି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭୌଗଳିକ ଦିଗବାରେଣି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografik_koordinatalar" title="Geografik koordinatalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geografik koordinatalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7" title="ਭੂਗੋਲੀ ਗੁਣਕ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂਗੋਲੀ ਗੁਣਕ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_Lage" title="Geografische Lage – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Geografische Lage" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="جغرافیائی کوآرڈینیٹ سسٹم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جغرافیائی کوآرڈینیٹ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဟံႏပထဝီႏ ကိုဩဒိနိတ်စနိစ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟံႏပထဝီႏ ကိုဩဒိနိတ်စနိစ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="جغرافي کوراډينېټونو سيستم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جغرافي کوراډينېټونو سيستم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordin%C3%A0_geogr%C3%A0fiche" title="Coordinà geogràfiche – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Coordinà geogràfiche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograafsche_Laag" title="Geograafsche Laag – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geograafsche Laag" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82rz%C4%99dne_geograficzne" title="Współrzędne geograficzne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Współrzędne geograficzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_geogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas geográficas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coordenadas geográficas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiyal%C4%B1q_koordinatlar" title="Geografiyalıq koordinatlar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geografiyalıq koordinatlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordonate_geografice" title="Coordonate geografice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coordonate geografice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinkurachina_siwi" title="Tinkurachina siwi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tinkurachina siwi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Географические координаты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Географические координаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="География координаталара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="География координаталара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भूगोलीयनिर्देशाङ्कप्रणाली – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूगोलीयनिर्देशाङ्कप्रणाली" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinadas_geogr%C3%A0ficas" title="Coordinadas geogràficas – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Coordinadas geogràficas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_seestem" title="Geographic coordinate seestem – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geographic coordinate seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Geographic coordinate system" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Geographic coordinate system" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinatat_gjeografike" title="Koordinatat gjeografike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koordinatat gjeografike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuurdinati_giugr%C3%A0fichi" title="Cuurdinati giugràfichi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cuurdinati giugràfichi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="භූගෝලීය ඛණ්ඩාංක පද්ධතිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූගෝලීය ඛණ්ඩාංක පද්ධතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geographic coordinate system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%BE%DA%AA_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جاگرافيائي بيھڪ نظام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاگرافيائي بيھڪ نظام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnice" title="Zemepisné súradnice – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zemepisné súradnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Geografski koordinatni sistem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geografski koordinatni sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograficzne_wsp%C5%AF%C5%82rzyndne" title="Geograficzne wspůłrzyndne – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Geograficzne wspůłrzyndne" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuduwe_Habka_Juqraafiga" title="Isuduwe Habka Juqraafiga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Isuduwe Habka Juqraafiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیستمی پۆتانە جوگرافییەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی پۆتانە جوگرافییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Географски координатни систем – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географски координатни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografske_koordinate" title="Geografske koordinate – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geografske koordinate" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_koordinat_g%C3%A9ografi" title="Sistim koordinat géografi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sistim koordinat géografi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinaattij%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Koordinaattijärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koordinaattijärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiska_koordinatsystem" title="Geografiska koordinatsystem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geografiska koordinatsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_koordinadong_pangheograpiya" title="Sistemang koordinadong pangheograpiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistemang koordinadong pangheograpiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="புவியியல் ஆள்கூற்று முறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவியியல் ஆள்கூற்று முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografik_koordinatalar" title="Geografik koordinatalar – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Geografik koordinatalar" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89_%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA" title="ပိူင်ၵူဝ်ႇဢေႃးတိၼဵတ်ႉ ပၢႆးလိၼ် – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပိူင်ၵူဝ်ႇဢေႃးတိၼဵတ်ႉ ပၢႆးလိၼ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="భౌగోళిక నిర్దేశాంక పద్ధతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భౌగోళిక నిర్దేశాంక పద్ధతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พิกัดภูมิศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พิกัดภูมิศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D2%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Координатаҳои ҷуғрофӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Координатаҳои ҷуғрофӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_koordinat_sistemi" title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Географи координатъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Географи координатъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Географічні координати – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Географічні координати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جغرافیائی متناسق نظام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جغرافیائی متناسق نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinae_ziogr%C3%A0feghe" title="Coordinae ziogràfeghe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Coordinae ziogràfeghe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_t%E1%BB%8Da_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD" title="Hệ tọa độ địa lý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ tọa độ địa lý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinatasit_taledavik" title="Koordinatasit taledavik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Koordinatasit taledavik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maap%C3%A4%C3%A4lidseq_koordinaadiq" title="Maapäälidseq koordinaadiq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maapäälidseq koordinaadiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinoatn" title="Geografische coördinoatn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Geografische coördinoatn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_heyograpikal_nga_koordinada" title="Sistema heyograpikal nga koordinada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema heyograpikal nga koordinada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地理座標系統 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地理座標系統" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="געאגראפישע קאארדינאטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאגראפישע קאארדינאטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADst%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%B9_aj%E1%BB%8Df%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%A0k%C3%B2_j%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%81gr%C3%A1f%C3%AC" title="Sístẹ́mù ajọfọ̀nàkò jẹ́ọ́gráfì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sístẹ́mù ajọfọ̀nàkò jẹ́ọ́gráfì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地理座標系統 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地理座標系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB" title="地理坐标系 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地理坐标系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 02:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About 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