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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Multilingualism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Multilingualism" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Multilingualism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd 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href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multilingualism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تعدد لغوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدد لغوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বহুভাষাবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বহুভাষাবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4_arut_yatinta%C3%B1a" title="Pä arut yatintaña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pä arut yatintaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87oxdillilik" title="Çoxdillilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çoxdillilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="বহুভাষিকতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বহুভাষিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Многоезичност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Многоезичност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesyezhegezh" title="Liesyezhegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Liesyezhegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCisme" title="Multilingüisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Multilingüisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvismus" title="Multilingvismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Multilingvismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flersprogethed" title="Flersprogethed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flersprogethed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrsprachigkeit" title="Mehrsprachigkeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mehrsprachigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitmekeelsus" title="Mitmekeelsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitmekeelsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δίγλωσσος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίγλωσσος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multilingualism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCismo_social" title="Multilingüismo social – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Multilingüismo social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurlingveco" title="Plurlingveco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plurlingveco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleaniztasun" title="Eleaniztasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eleaniztasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="چندزبانگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چندزبانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguisme" title="Multilinguisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Multilinguisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilteangachas" title="Ilteangachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ilteangachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0-ch%C3%A0nanas" title="Dà-chànanas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dà-chànanas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCismo" title="Multilingüismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Multilingüismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дукха метташ хилар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дукха метташ хилар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="다중언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다중언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բազմալեզվություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմալեզվություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुभाषिकता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुभाषिकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ejezi%C4%8Dnost" title="Višejezičnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Višejezičnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibahasa" title="Multibahasa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Multibahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Multilingualism" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6ltyngi" title="Fjöltyngi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjöltyngi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="רב-לשוניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רב-לשוניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მულტილინგვიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მულტილინგვიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismus" title="Multilinguismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Multilinguismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daudzvalod%C4%ABba" title="Daudzvalodība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daudzvalodība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Повеќејазичност – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Повеќејазичност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingwi%C5%BCmu" title="Multilingwiżmu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Multilingwiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მულტილინგვიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მულტილინგვიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%89" title="تعدد لغوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تعدد لغوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwibahasa" title="Dwibahasa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dwibahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meertaligheid" title="Meertaligheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meertaligheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="多言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touspr%C3%A4kih%C3%A4id" title="Touspräkihäid – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Touspräkihäid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerspr%C3%A5klighet" title="Flerspråklighet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flerspråklighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleirspr%C3%A5kleg" title="Fleirspråkleg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fleirspråkleg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਹੁਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹੁਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualismo" title="Multilingualismo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Multilingualismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieloj%C4%99zyczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Wielojęzyczność – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielojęzyczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvism" title="Multilingvism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Multilingvism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurilinguitad" title="Plurilinguitad – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Plurilinguitad" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Многоязычие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Многоязычие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shum%C3%ABgjuh%C3%ABsia" title="Shumëgjuhësia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shumëgjuhësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" title="බහු භාෂා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බහු භාෂා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvizmus" title="Multilingvizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Multilingvizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فرەزمانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرەزمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мултилингвизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мултилингвизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ejezi%C4%8Dnost" title="Višejezičnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Višejezičnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwi_Bahasa" title="Dwi Bahasa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dwi Bahasa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monikielisyys" title="Monikielisyys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monikielisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerspr%C3%A5kighet" title="Flerspråkighet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flerspråkighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பன்மொழிப் புலமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்மொழிப் புலமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetutlayt" title="Tagetutlayt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagetutlayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="బహుభాషితం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బహుభాషితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A5_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ድርብ ቋንቋነት – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ድርብ ቋንቋነት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Бисёрзабонӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бисёрзабонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87okdillilik" title="Çokdillilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çokdillilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Багатомовність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Багатомовність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کثیراللسانیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کثیراللسانیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi%C5%82enguismo" title="Multiłenguismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Multiłenguismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90a_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Đa ngôn ngữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đa ngôn ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="多语制 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多语制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="多語現象 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多語現象" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="多语制 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多语制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Multilingualism</b> is the ability to speak more than one <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>. The ability to speak two languages is "bilingualism," a type of multilingualism. Many <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigrants</a> are bilingual and speak languages of both their old and their new country. Multilingualism is useful in many kinds of work. <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a> is more common than in past centuries. Some countries and organizations having more than one <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> hire people who speak more than one so that they can work with more people. </p><p>Most people have a <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> that they learned as <a href="/wiki/Babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Babies">babies</a>. Other languages are usually learned much later. </p><p>People who learn many languages can find it easier to learn more languages if the new language is like the ones they already know. Sometimes, however learning a new language can be hard if the person remembers old languages they learned before.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Learning a second language can make it harder to remember words.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People used to think that speaking two languages makes people better at certain thinking tasks, but some new research says otherwise. Those who speak two languages are not better at learning languages than those who only speak one.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Lehtonen20182_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehtonen20182-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People who are very good at speaking two or more languages were once thought to have better thinking skills and less likely to get certain diseases like <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a> later in life, but recent studies disagree.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some linguists think there are more multilingual people in the world than monolingual people, those who speak only one language<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People who can speak several languages are called "polyglots". Those who can speak many, such as <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann" title="Heinrich Schliemann">Heinrich Schliemann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Ghil'ad Zuckermann</a>, are called "hyperpolyglots".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of wars, <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">borders</a> change, which may put some people in a country which uses a different language. This happened in the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions of Poland</a> and its reunification. When <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austria-Hungary</a> lost <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> lost much of its east to <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> is completely different from <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> including <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> and most other languages in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilingualism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilingualism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">Code-switching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">Diglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> - uses many languages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multialphabetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Multialphabetism">Multialphabetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">Mutual intelligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">Second language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilingualism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilingualism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPavlenko2015" class="citation web cs1">Pavlenko, Aneta (2 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/life-bilingual/201506/can-second-language-help-you-learn-third">"Can a second language help you learn a third?"</a>. <i>Psychology Today: Life as a Bilingual</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426210029/https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/life-bilingual/201506/can-second-language-help-you-learn-third">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today%3A+Life+as+a+Bilingual&rft.atitle=Can+a+second+language+help+you+learn+a+third%3F&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.aulast=Pavlenko&rft.aufirst=Aneta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Flife-bilingual%2F201506%2Fcan-second-language-help-you-learn-third&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMultilingualism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eb1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBylundAntfolkAbrahamssonOlstad2023" class="citation journal cs1">Bylund, Emanuel; Antfolk, Jan; Abrahamsson, Niclas; Olstad, Anne Marte Haug; Norrman, Gunnar; Lehtonen, Minna (2023-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02136-7">"Does bilingualism come with linguistic costs? A meta-analytic review of the bilingual lexical deficit"</a>. <i>Psychonomic Bulletin & Review</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 897–913. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3758%2Fs13423-022-02136-7">10.3758/s13423-022-02136-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1531-5320">1531-5320</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264296">10264296</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36327027">36327027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychonomic+Bulletin+%26+Review&rft.atitle=Does+bilingualism+come+with+linguistic+costs%3F+A+meta-analytic+review+of+the+bilingual+lexical+deficit&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=897-913&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10264296%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1531-5320&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36327027&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3758%2Fs13423-022-02136-7&rft.aulast=Bylund&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.au=Antfolk%2C+Jan&rft.au=Abrahamsson%2C+Niclas&rft.au=Olstad%2C+Anne+Marte+Haug&rft.au=Norrman%2C+Gunnar&rft.au=Lehtonen%2C+Minna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3758%2Fs13423-022-02136-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMultilingualism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>:0</code> was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>). </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lehtonen20182-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lehtonen20182_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Lehtonen20182</code> was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>). </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic2016_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Atlantic2016</code> was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>). </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024121115/http://www.ilanguages.org/bilingual.php">"Multilingual People - Are you a polyglot?"</a>. <i>ilanguages.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilanguages.org/bilingual.php">the original</a> on 2019-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilanguages.org&rft.atitle=Multilingual+People+-+Are+you+a+polyglot%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filanguages.org%2Fbilingual.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMultilingualism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1999" class="citation web cs1">Tucker, G. Richard (August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251929789">"A Global Perspective on Bilingualism"</a>. <i>Carnegie Mellon University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft.atitle=A+Global+Perspective+on+Bilingualism&rft.date=1999-08&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=G.+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F251929789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMultilingualism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/30/are-you-a-hyperpolyglot-the-secrets-of-language-superlearners/">Are You a Hyperpolyglot? The Secrets of Language Superlearners</a>, The author of Babel No More explains what it takes to become super-multilingual. By Katy Steinmetz, Jan. 30, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> can be made longer. 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