CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>哈扎拉人 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"fde36baa-4b3b-4c5e-aeff-4ffeb4d78072","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"哈扎拉人","wgTitle":"哈扎拉人","wgCurRevisionId":84937801,"wgRevisionId":84937801,"wgArticleId":69148,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["引文格式1维护：冗余文本","粗劣翻译","含有達利語的條目","含有波斯語的條目","CS1英语来源 (en)","维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","哈扎拉族"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"哈扎拉人","wgRelevantArticleId":69148,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"哈札拉族","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q115473","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1795"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg/800px-Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1197"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg/640px-Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="957"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="哈扎拉人 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-哈扎拉人 rootpage-哈扎拉人 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名称</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-起源观点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源观点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>起源观点</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-起源观点-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关起源观点子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-起源观点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人种基因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人种基因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>人种基因</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人种基因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-起源理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>起源理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">哈扎拉人</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。67种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasara" title="Hasara – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hasara" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="هزارة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هزارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هزاره – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هزاره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_hazara" title="Etnia hazara – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etnia hazara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99zaralar" title="Həzaralar – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həzaralar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هزاره‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هزاره‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hajara" title="Orang Hajara – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Orang Hajara" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Хазарейци – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хазарейци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="হাজারা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাজারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazares" title="Hazares – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hazares" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ھەزارە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەزارە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haz%C3%A1rov%C3%A9" title="Hazárové – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hazárové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaroj" title="Hazaroj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hazaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarad" title="Hazarad – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hazarad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مردمان هزاره – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردمان هزاره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarat" title="Hazarat – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hazarat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucht_Hazara" title="Lucht Hazara – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lucht Hazara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaralar" title="Hazaralar – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Hazaralar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_hazara" title="Pobo hazara – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo hazara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="הזארה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הזארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="हज़ारा लोग – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हज़ारा लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hazara" title="Orang Hazara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Hazara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="ハザーラ人 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハザーラ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰაზარელები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაზარელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Hazara" title="Jolma Hazara – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Hazara" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%90%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Хазарлар (Ауғанстан) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хазарлар (Ауғанстан)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="하자라인 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하자라인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezare_(gel)" title="Hezare (gel) – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hezare (gel)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хазарейликтер – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хазарейликтер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarai" title="Hazarai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hazarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazareji" title="Hazareji – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hazareji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ഹസാര ജനത – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹസാര ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хазара – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хазара" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarafolket" title="Hazarafolket – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hazarafolket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਲੋਕ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarowie" title="Hazarowie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hazarowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ہزارہ لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہزارہ لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هزاره گان – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هزاره گان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Хазарейцы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хазарейцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people" title="Hazara people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hazara people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazar%C3%ABt" title="Hazarët – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hazarët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хазара – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хазара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarer" title="Hazarer – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hazarer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கசாரா மக்கள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசாரா மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ҳазораҳо – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳазораҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3" title="ชาวแฮซอเร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวแฮซอเร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99z%C9%99ri" title="Xəzəri – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Xəzəri" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaralar" title="Hazaralar – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hazaralar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96" title="Хазарейці – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хазарейці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ہزارہ لوگ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہزارہ لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazoralar" title="Hazoralar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hazoralar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hazara" title="Người Hazara – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hazara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="哈扎拉人 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈扎拉人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჰაზარალეფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაზარალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115473#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&oldid=84937801" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&id=84937801&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2593%2588%25E6%2589%258E%25E6%258B%2589%25E4%25BA%25BA"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2593%2588%25E6%2589%258E%25E6%258B%2589%25E4%25BA%25BA"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115473" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AD%E6%8B%89%E6%97%8F&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="哈札拉族">哈札拉族</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Better_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a>品質稍有不足。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫，并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn"><span class="fn org">哈扎拉人<br /><span lang="prs">هزاره</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_man,_Khulm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg/220px-Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg/330px-Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg/440px-Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">總人口</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">7–800万<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">分佈地區</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">900,000<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whoarethehaz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoarethehaz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">500,000<sup id="cite_ref-W.I.Smyth_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W.I.Smyth-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">130,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">18,000 (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4,300<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3,800<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a><br />（哈扎拉吉方言，或稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E8%AA%9E" title="哈扎拉吉語">哈扎拉吉語</a>）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">宗教信仰</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">大多数为伊斯蘭教<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>（伊斯瑪儀支派与十二伊瑪目支派），少數為伊斯蘭教<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">相关族群</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">相鄰<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%8D" title="伊朗人种">伊朗民族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="艾马克人">艾马克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%8C%B2%E5%88%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="烏茲別克人">乌兹别克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塔吉克人">塔吉克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%BA" title="蒙戈勒人">蒙戈勒人</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>哈扎拉人</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>：<span lang="fa" dir="rtl">هزاره</span>‎，<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Hazāra</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西亞">西亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南亞">南亞</a>一個民族，主要居住在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>中部、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>东北部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>西北部（主要是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E9%81%94" title="奎達">奎達</a>），拥有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%8C%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥化蒙古人">突厥-蒙古人</a>血统，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">印度-伊朗语族</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E8%AA%9E" title="哈扎拉吉語">哈扎拉吉語</a>為母語。哈扎拉族大多信奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>，是阿富汗的人口第三多的民族，人口占全阿人口的9%。还有许多哈扎拉人以难民身份居住在伊朗以及世界各地。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"></span>名称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“哈扎拉”这个名字来自波斯字语的“哈扎尔”，意思是“一千”，原指<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>的千人单位部队。但后来这就成了一个民族的名称。<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>最早提到哈扎拉的是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8D%A7%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="莫卧儿帝国">莫卧儿帝国</a>开国主<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%91%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="巴卑尔">巴卑尔</a>在16世纪的回忆录，被描述为居住在<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="喀布尔">喀布尔</a>以西到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E7%9C%81" title="古爾省">古爾省</a>，南到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%9C%81" title="加兹尼省">加兹尼省</a>的地区。随后<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%9D%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨非王朝">萨非王朝</a>的的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF)" title="阿拔斯一世 (波斯)">沙阿·阿巴斯</a>的宫廷史再次提出，同时他们在16至17世纪开始皈依什叶派。18世紀，哈扎拉人與其他種族的人一起被招募到<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%99%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="艾哈迈德沙·杜兰尼">艾哈迈德沙·杜兰尼</a>的軍隊中<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg/300px-Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg/450px-Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg/600px-Hazaras_of_Afghanistan_in_1879-80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><center>19世紀的哈扎拉人（1879–1880）</center></figcaption></figure> <p>自从18世纪中叶现代阿富汗国家形成，哈扎拉人就屡屡受到阿富汗最大的民族<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="普什图族">普什图族</a>的迫害，很多人从各个地方被迫逃到阿富汗中部山区<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这个地区现在被叫做“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈扎拉贾特（页面不存在）">哈扎拉贾特</a>”。哈扎拉贾特山区以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B1%B3%E6%89%AC" title="巴米扬">巴米扬</a>为中心，横跨阿富汗的多个省份，占阿富汗领土的三成。 </p><p>在多斯特·穆罕默德·汗统治的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%B0%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="巴拉克宰王朝">巴拉克宰王朝</a>里，居住在哈扎拉贾特的哈扎拉人被课以重税。但这段时期哈扎拉人还得以部分的地方自治。到了他的孙子<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%B1%97" title="阿布杜爾·拉赫曼汗">阿布杜爾·拉赫曼汗</a>任<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="埃米尔">埃米尔</a>的时期，由于一些哈扎拉支持阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼的叔父，被阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼用军事手段镇压。在1888年和1892年哈扎拉人两次反叛，被配有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a>军事顾问的阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼的大军镇压，并遭到血腥屠杀。1893年哈扎拉人再次反叛，并出其不意收复了哈扎拉贾特的大部分地方，但因弹尽粮绝最终再次被阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼镇压。这段时期，半数的哈扎拉人被杀死，很多哈扎拉人的财产被普什图人抢走，以至于被迫流落在各个大城市内寻找谋生之路。阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼对哈扎拉人的残酷统治造成了后世哈扎拉人和普什图人之间长期的民族仇恨。 </p><p>多斯特·穆罕默德儿子哈比卜拉·汗在1901年继位，大赦所有被迫害的人。但长期的民族隔离政策造成哈扎拉人几乎在整个20世纪都被歧视<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1940年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%98%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="穆罕默德·查希爾·沙阿">穆罕默德·查希爾·沙阿</a>的统治下，阿富汗政府对哈扎拉人加税，同时普什图人免税并可以从政府拿到补助，这使得哈扎拉人再次反叛。在政府镇压了这个反叛之后，去掉了这个新税。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg/290px-Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg/435px-Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg/580px-Hazara_of_Daykundi_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%94%E8%BF%AA%E7%9C%81" title="代孔迪省">代孔迪省</a>的哈扎拉人在圍觀美國陸軍工程兵檢查當地的工程項目。</figcaption></figure> <p>1979年<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1979%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="阿富汗战争 (1979年)">苏联占领阿富汗</a>之后，哈扎拉人没有像其他民族一样强烈抵抗，而是自己内部各派互相争斗。最终受到伊朗支持的宗教武装战胜了世俗武装，取得了哈扎拉贾特的控制权。在苏军撤退之后，哈扎拉人分成两派，分别支持和反对拉巴尼政府。在1996年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%AD" title="塔利班">塔利班</a>占领喀布尔之后，哈扎拉人团结一致，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F_(%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97)" title="北方联盟 (阿富汗)">北方联盟</a>联合。但在1998年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈扎拉贾特（页面不存在）">哈扎拉贾特</a>被塔利班占领，大量哈扎拉人被普什图人为主的塔利班杀害。 </p><p>2001年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>遭到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%80%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="九一一袭击事件">九一一袭击事件</a>之后，因为认为塔利班庇护<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="基地组织">基地组织</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(2001%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年)">美国出兵阿富汗</a>，瓦解了塔利班在阿富汗的统治。哈扎拉人得到前所未有的权利，包括接受高等教育、参军等<sup id="cite_ref-cs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。哈扎拉人哈吉·默罕默德·马哈吉吉还参加了2004年的阿富汗总统选举。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语言"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>语言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>哈扎拉人使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E8%AA%9E" title="哈扎拉吉語">哈扎拉吉語</a>，这是一种接近于阿富汗人普遍使用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="达利语">达里语</a>的波斯语方言。和其他波斯语方言相比，哈扎拉语有很多<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙古语">蒙古语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="突厥语">突厥语</a>的词汇。尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%AD%94%E8%BF%AA%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="戴孔迪省">戴孔迪省</a>等地的哈扎拉语有大量的蒙古语影响。而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="喀布尔">喀布尔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%8E%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="马扎里沙里夫">马扎里沙里夫</a>的哈扎拉人则很少使用哈扎拉语，而是操<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喀布尔方言（页面不存在）">喀布尔方言</a>。在西部<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="赫拉特">赫拉特</a>等地的哈扎拉人则是使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科拉撒尼语（页面不存在）">科拉撒尼语</a>。在巴基斯坦的哈扎拉人经常使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>哈扎拉人为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>，大多数伊斯兰教<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="十二伊玛目派">十二伊玛目派</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%9B%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="伊斯玛仪派">伊斯玛仪派</a>）。但也有少量<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="逊尼派">逊尼派</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>哈扎拉人的总数大约有350万到400万，其中在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>有287万，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>有28万（不包括近年的难民），<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>18万。此外在澳大利亞、新西蘭、加拿大、美國、英國等西方国家，特別是北歐國家，如瑞典和丹麥，有顯著的哈扎拉人社區。也有去蒙古國讀書的哈扎拉人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源观点"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90.E8.A7.82.E7.82.B9"></span>起源观点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：起源观点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人种基因"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.8D.E5.9F.BA.E5.9B.A0"></span>人种基因</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：人种基因"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有观点认为哈扎拉人大多是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE" title="東亞人種">东亚人种</a>的后代（有一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="高加索人种">高加索人种</a>基因）。基因研究表明他们和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="艾马克人">艾马克人</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塔吉克人">塔吉克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="乌兹别克族">烏茲別克人</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>血缘最接近。在巴基斯坦的哈扎拉人中有41.7％的 C3（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>起源），33.3％的R1b1b，Q1 和 O3 分别为 8.3％，R2 和 J2a分别为 4.1％。基本上可以确定 R2 和 J2a 为迁徙到<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>以后融入的部分，而 C3，Q1和 O3 来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a>。R1b1b可能來自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>或中東，或者更加东面的地方，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源理论"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>起源理论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：起源理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>至少有三种哈扎拉人如何形成的理论：蒙古人的后裔、当地的中亚人、以及混血。这些说法都被学者和哈扎拉人自己普遍接受。 </p><p>一些哈扎拉人自认为是<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97" title="成吉思汗">成吉思汗</a>的男性直系后代。不管这是否正确，因为哈扎拉人确实有部分的蒙古人的外貌特征、语言、文化的共同之处，哈扎拉人有蒙古人的血统的说法是普遍被接受的。大约三分之二的哈扎拉男性的Y<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93" title="染色体">染色体</a>携带一种蒙古人特有的基因。同时，在阿富汗大部分其他民族都信奉伊斯兰教<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="逊尼派">逊尼派</a>的同时，哈扎拉人信奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>，这和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%92%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="伊兒汗國">伊兒汗國</a>自<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E8%80%85%E9%83%BD" title="完者都">完者都</a>开始信奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>不无关系。而且<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="月氏">月氏</a>说<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a>语言，可以贡献了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%80%8D%E7%BE%A4O" class="mw-redirect" title="单倍群O">单倍群O</a>。 </p><p>另一种说法是哈扎拉人是当地月氏<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%9C%9C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="貴霜帝國">貴霜</a>人的后裔<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这个在阿富汗的古代民族曾经建造了著名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B1%B3%E6%89%AC%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="巴米扬大佛">巴米扬大佛</a>。支持这种说法的人从巴米扬佛像和哈扎拉人的面部特征的相似之中找到证据。然而反对这种说法人给出的证据是贵霜人是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="吐火罗">吐火罗</a>，而且史书上说由于<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8D%E6%94%BB%E5%B7%B4%E7%B1%B3%E6%8F%9A" title="圍攻巴米揚">进攻巴米扬</a>时候成吉思汗的一个孙子战死（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0" title="察合台">察合台</a>儿子木阿禿干），以至于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B1%B3%E6%89%AC" title="巴米扬">巴米扬</a>被彻底屠城，当地被迁徙来的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="蒙古人">蒙古人</a>占据。 </p><p>至于蒙古人和当地人混血的起源说法，也有几个版本。有的说是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AF%9F%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="欽察汗國">欽察汗國</a>的蒙古人和伊朗东部的人融合；有的则说是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="察合台汗國">察合台汗國</a>的蒙古人以及伊兒汗國、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%85%92%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="帖木兒帝國">帖木兒帝國</a>等地的蒙古人后裔和当地的波斯人融合。 </p><p>还有一說法：哈扎拉人是不同時期來到阿富汗的突厥語部落與當地人融合而成。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>哈扎拉人<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%89%8E%E8%BE%BE" title="阿巴斯·阿里扎达">阿巴斯·阿里扎達</a>因为形象酷似美籍华人影星<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%8F%E9%BE%99" title="李小龙">李小龙</a>而被人称为“阿富汗的李小龙”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>隨著蒙古帝國的衰弱，哈扎拉人越來越多地被趕出了東北肥沃的山谷。結果，哈扎拉人發現自己被擠進了阿富汗中部的山區。哈扎拉人過著遊牧或半遊牧的生活方式。遊牧民住在覆蓋著毛氈的小屋裡。大部分人居住在山坡上的大型部落定居點。這些村莊被泥牆包圍，四個角落都有瞭望塔。富人住宅類似於蒙古包，窮人住在覆蓋著稻草的泥屋裡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James B. Minahan. Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 10 Feb 2014: 99. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-61069-018-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-61069-018-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-61069-018-8</a>. <q>Due to a lack of census statistics, estimates of the total Hazara population range from five million to more than eight million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.au=James+B.+Minahan&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-018-8&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html">Afghanistan</a>. cia.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2018]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211201/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html">存档</a>于2018-12-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=Afghanistan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Faf.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/431c7b1a2.pdf">Census of Afghans in Pakistan 2005</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190624201231/http://www.unhcr.org/431c7b1a2.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees（页面不存在）">UNHCR</a> Statistical Summary Report</i> (retrieved August 14, 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whoarethehaz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whoarethehaz_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Yusuf, Imran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/">Who are the Hazara?</a>. Tribune. 5 October 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403182356/https://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/">存档</a>于2019-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Hazara%3F&rft.aufirst=Imran&rft.aulast=Yusuf&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F267225%2Fwho-are-the-hazara%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W.I.Smyth-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W.I.Smyth_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smyth, Phillip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-afghan-shiite-fighters-in-syria">Iran's Afghan Shiite Fighters in Syria</a>. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 3 June 2014 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111201940/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-afghan-shiite-fighters-in-syria">存档</a>于2017-11-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+Afghan+Shiite+Fighters+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fview%2Firans-afghan-shiite-fighters-in-syria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171221212236/http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-29/young-hazara-refugees-make-dangerous-journey-to-europe/7206420">Austria holds refugee talks as young Hazaras flee persecution to make 'dangerous' journey to Europe – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)</a>. mobile.abc.net.au. 2016-02-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-19</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-29/young-hazara-refugees-make-dangerous-journey-to-europe/7206420">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=Austria+holds+refugee+talks+as+young+Hazaras+flee+persecution+to+make+%27dangerous%27+journey+to+Europe+%E2%80%93+ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mobile.abc.net.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-02-29%2Fyoung-hazara-refugees-make-dangerous-journey-to-europe%2F7206420&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nowell, Laurie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/the-hazaras-of-dandenong-20140716-3c1gz.html">The Hazaras of Dandenong</a>. The Age. 2014-07-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701030622/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/the-hazaras-of-dandenong-20140716-3c1gz.html">存档</a>于2018-07-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=The+Hazaras+of+Dandenong&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.aulast=Nowell&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fvictoria%2Fthe-hazaras-of-dandenong-20140716-3c1gz.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The population of people with descent from Afghanistan in Canada is 48,090. Hazara make up an estimated 20% of the population of Afghanistan depending to the source. The Hazara population in Canada is estimated from these two figures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091101151108/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2014" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/afghan-hazaras-new-life-indonesia-201436121639956520.html">Afghan Hazaras' new life in Indonesia: Asylum-seeker community in West Java is large enough to easily man an eight-team Afghan football league</a>, Al Jazeera, 21 March 2014 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505141552/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/afghan-hazaras-new-life-indonesia-201436121639956520.html">存档</a>于2019-05-05）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=Afghan+Hazaras%27+new+life+in+Indonesia%3A+Asylum-seeker+community+in+West+Java+is+large+enough+to+easily+man+an+eight-team+Afghan+football+league&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2014%2F03%2Fafghan-hazaras-new-life-indonesia-201436121639956520.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brasher, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23345249">Ethnic Brother or Artificial Namesake? The Construction of Tajik Identity in Afghanistan and Tajikistan</a>. Berkeley Journal of Sociology. 2011, <b>55</b>: 97–120 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-05-15</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/23345249"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 23345249</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515130415/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23345249">存档</a>于2021-05-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Brother+or+Artificial+Namesake%3F+The+Construction+of+Tajik+Identity+in+Afghanistan+and+Tajikistan&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.aulast=Brasher&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.pages=97-120&rft.volume=55&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23345249&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23345249&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Campbell, Disappearing people? Indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia in: Barbara Brower, Barbara Rose Johnston (Ed.) International Mountain Society, California, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bolaq.org/2020/09/sunni-hazaras-of-afghanistan/">Sunni Hazaras of Afghanistan</a>. September 17, 2020 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-05-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311055316/https://www.bolaq.org/2020/09/sunni-hazaras-of-afghanistan/">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=Sunni+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bolaq.org%2F2020%2F09%2Fsunni-hazaras-of-afghanistan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Ehsan Yarshater (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f1/v12f1080.html">HAZĀRA</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition. 美国: <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611115139/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f1/v12f1080.html">存档</a>于2008-06-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=HAZ%C4%80RA&rft.au=Ehsan+Yarshater&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.edition=Online+Edition&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD&rft.pub=%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranica.com%2Fnewsite%2Farticles%2Fv12f1%2Fv12f1080.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0010)">Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies（页面不存在）">Library of Congress Country Studies</a> on Afghanistan. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041031004025/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0010%29">存档</a>于2004-10-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=Ahmad+Shah+and+the+Durrani+Empire&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies+on+Afghanistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Baf0010%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica2_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica2_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Monsutti, Alessandro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131145436/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f1/v12f1080b.html">HAZĀRA: ii. HISTORY</a>. Ehsan Yarshater (编). Encyclopædia Iranica 网络. 美国: <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-26</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f1/v12f1080b.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=HAZ%C4%80RA%3A+ii.+HISTORY&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft.aulast=Monsutti&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.edition=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD&rft.pub=%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranica.com%2Fnewsite%2Farticles%2Fv12f1%2Fv12f1080b.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cs_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sappenfield, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0806/p06s02-wosc.html?page=2">Afghanistan's success story: The liberated Hazara minority</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. August 6, 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609235539/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0806/p06s02-wosc.html?page=2">存档</a>于2008-06-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Sappenfield&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%27s+success+story%3A+The+liberated+Hazara+minority&rft.date=2007-08-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0806%2Fp06s02-wosc.html%3Fpage%3D2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genetics: Analysis Of Genes And Genomes By Daniel L. Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones, pg. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenberg, Noah A. <i>et al.</i> (2002年12月) "Genetic Structure of Human Populations" <i>Science (New Series)</i> 298(5602): pp. 2381-2385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070724103201/http://www.hazara.net/hazara/geography/Buddha/buddha.html">A Profile On Bamyan Civilization.</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hazara.net/hazara/geography/Buddha/buddha.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=A+Profile+On+Bamyan+Civilization.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hazara.net%2Fhazara%2Fgeography%2FBuddha%2Fbuddha.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30399187">Meet Afghanistan's Bruce Lee</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171214072219/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30399187">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>，2014年12月1日</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Monsutti, Alessandro. War and migration: Social networks and economic strategies of the Hazaras of Afghanistan. Routledge, New York: Routledge. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-415-97508-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-415-97508-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-415-97508-5</a>. translated by Patrick Camiller <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft.aulast=Monsutti&rft.btitle=War+and+migration%3A+Social+networks+and+economic+strategies+of+the+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-415-97508-5&rft.place=Routledge%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mousavi, Sayed Askar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdfebooksd.com/Sayed-Askar-Mousavi-PDF3-548532/">The Hazaras of Afghanistan: An Historical, Cultural, Economic and Political Study</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Richmond, New York: St. Martin's Press. 1998 [1997] <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-312-17386-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-312-17386-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-312-17386-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804050052/http://www.pdfebooksd.com/Sayed-Askar-Mousavi-PDF3-548532/">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Sayed+Askar&rft.aulast=Mousavi&rft.btitle=The+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan%3A+An+Historical%2C+Cultural%2C+Economic+and+Political+Study&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-17386-5&rft.place=Richmond%2C+New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdfebooksd.com%2FSayed-Askar-Mousavi-PDF3-548532%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Frederiksen, Birthe; Nicolaisen, Ida. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caravanstradeina0000fred">Caravans and trade in Afghanistan: The changing life of the nomadic Hazarbuz</a>. Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. London: Thames and Hudson. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-500-01687-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-500-01687-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-500-01687-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.au=Nicolaisen%2C+Ida&rft.aufirst=Birthe&rft.aulast=Frederiksen&rft.btitle=Caravans+and+trade+in+Afghanistan%3A+The+changing+life+of+the+nomadic+Hazarbuz&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-500-01687-9&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.series=Carlsberg+Foundation%27s+Nomad+Research+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaravanstradeina0000fred&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Poladi, Hassan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hazaras0000pola">The Hazāras</a>. Stockton, California: Mughal Publishing Company. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-929824-00-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-929824-00-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-929824-00-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft.aulast=Poladi&rft.btitle=The+Haz%C4%81ras&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-929824-00-8&rft.place=Stockton%2C+California&rft.pub=Mughal+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhazaras0000pola&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kakar, M. Hasan. The pacification of the Hazaras of Afghanistan. New York: Afghanistan Council, Asia Society. 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1111643"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 1111643</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=M.+Hasan&rft.aulast=Kakar&rft.btitle=The+pacification+of+the+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Afghanistan+Council%2C+Asia+Society&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1111643&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mousavi, Syed Askr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hazarasofafghani0000mous">The Hazaras of Afghanistan</a>. St. Martin's Press. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-312-17386-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-312-17386-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-312-17386-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Syed+Askr&rft.aulast=Mousavi&rft.btitle=The+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-17386-5&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhazarasofafghani0000mous&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristian_Berg_Harpviken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristian Berg Harpviken（页面不存在）">Harpviken, Kristian Berg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927072308/http://www.prio.no/sptrans/-1404536104/Harpviken%20KB%20(1996)%20Political%20mobilization%20among%20the%20Hazara.pdf">Political Mobilization Among the Hazara of Afghanistan: 1978–1992</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Rapportserien ved Sosiologi, Nr. 9 1996. Oslo: Institutt for Sosiologi, Universitetet i Oslo. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/82-570-0127-9" title="Special:网络书源/82-570-0127-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 82-570-0127-9</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prio.no/sptrans/-1404536104/Harpviken%20KB%20(1996)%20Political%20mobilization%20among%20the%20Hazara.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2011-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.aufirst=Kristian+Berg&rft.aulast=Harpviken&rft.btitle=Political+Mobilization+Among+the+Hazara+of+Afghanistan%3A+1978%E2%80%931992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-570-0127-9&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Institutt+for+Sosiologi%2C+Universitetet+i+Oslo&rft.series=Rapportserien+ved+Sosiologi%2C+Nr.+9+1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.no%2Fsptrans%2F-1404536104%2FHarpviken%2520KB%2520%281996%29%2520Political%2520mobilization%2520among%2520the%2520Hazara.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">S. H. Ali; M. S. Javed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012062403/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/01/16/hazara_afghanistan_pakistan/"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Helping the Hazara of Afghanistan and Pakistan" National Geographic Newswatch</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/01/16/hazara_afghanistan_pakistan/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=%22Helping+the+Hazara+of+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan%22+National+Geographic+Newswatch&rft.au=M.+S.+Javed&rft.au=S.+H.+Ali&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewswatch.nationalgeographic.com%2F2012%2F01%2F16%2Fhazara_afghanistan_pakistan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%B5%E8%82%B2%E5%A0%B4" title="Wikipedia:維基孵育場">维基孵育场</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="維基百科">維基百科</a>語言試驗版：<b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/haz" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/haz">哈扎拉人試驗版</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hazara people"><span style="font-weight:bold;">哈扎拉人</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">英文维基文库</a>中的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88" title="大英百科全書第十一版">1911年版大英百科全書</a>》條目：<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hazara_(Race)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hazara (Race)">Hazara (Race)</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20210510/afghanistan-school-attack-hazaras/">爲什麽我們該死？——紐約時報中文版</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220405201731/https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20210510/afghanistan-school-attack-hazaras/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianet.org/mongolia-afghanistans-minority-hazara-students-find-peace-in-ulaanbaatar">Mongolia: Afghanistan’s Minority Hazara Students Find Peace in Ulaanbaatar</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211124122345/https://eurasianet.org/mongolia-afghanistans-minority-hazara-students-find-peace-in-ulaanbaatar">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCs/Docs/Tribal%20Trees/Hazara.pdf">Hazara tribal structure</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100619151039/http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCs/Docs/Tribal%20Trees/Hazara.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Program for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/2008-02/afghanistan-hazara/phil-zabriskie-text.html">"The Outsiders: Afghanistan's Hazaras"</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080905125836/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/2008-02/afghanistan-hazara/phil-zabriskie-text.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）—<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86_(%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97)" title="国家地理 (杂志)">National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/27/peril-and-persecution-in-afghanistan/">Peril and Persecution in Afghanistan</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180804045856/https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/27/peril-and-persecution-in-afghanistan/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Foreign Policy (2015 situation of Hazaras in Hazarajat)</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115473#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115473#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115473#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/952576/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466847p">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466847p">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553284905171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85059438">美国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=哈扎拉人&oldid=84937801">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=哈扎拉人&oldid=84937801</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E6%97%8F" title="Category:哈扎拉族">哈扎拉族</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">引文格式1维护：冗余文本</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B2%97%E5%8A%A3%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Category:粗劣翻译">粗劣翻译</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有達利語的條目">含有達利語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有波斯語的條目">含有波斯語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%B9" title="Category:维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项">维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月11日 (星期一) 15:54。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-tpmks","wgBackendResponseTime":216,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.715","walltime":"0.860","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2709,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":72443,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3420,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":37801,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 721.818 1 -total"," 18.99% 137.040 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.38% 125.420 1 Template:Lang-fa"," 16.24% 117.224 1 Template:Bettertranslation"," 15.94% 115.044 1 Template:Ambox"," 14.48% 104.504 1 Template:Authority_control"," 13.57% 97.968 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"," 13.24% 95.535 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.87% 78.427 8 Template:Cite_book"," 8.86% 63.964 3 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.416","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14350109,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6bcd787d7f-hgvg7","timestamp":"20241126030706","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u54c8\u624e\u62c9\u4eba","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q115473","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q115473","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-19T15:51:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T15:54:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Hazara_man%2C_Khulm.jpg","headline":"\u64cd\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u65cf\u54c8\u624e\u62c9\u5409\u8a9e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf"}</script> </body> </html>