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img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:250px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1870 Missouri gubernatorial election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1868_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Missouri gubernatorial election">1868</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 8, 1870</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1872_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Missouri gubernatorial election">1872</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #C154C1"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BGratzBrown.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BGratzBrown.png/116px-BGratzBrown.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BGratzBrown.png/174px-BGratzBrown.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BGratzBrown.png/232px-BGratzBrown.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/168px-Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/224px-Joseph_W._McClurg_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._McClurg" title="Joseph W. McClurg">Joseph W. McClurg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>104,374</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">63,235 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>62.27%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">37.73% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/250px-1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/375px-1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div>County results<br /><b>Brown:</b> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#7996E2; color:#7996E2;">    </span> 50–60%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#6674DE; color:#6674DE;">    </span> 60–70%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#584CDE; color:#584CDE;">    </span> 70–80%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#3933E5; color:#3933E5;">    </span> 80–90%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#0D0596; color:#0D0596;">    </span> 90-100%</span><br /><b>McClurg:</b> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#E27F7F; color:#E27F7F;">    </span> 50-60%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#D75D5D; color:#D75D5D;">    </span> 60-70%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#D72F30; color:#D72F30;">    </span> 70-80%</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#A80000; color:#A80000;">    </span> 90-100%</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Governor before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._McClurg" title="Joseph W. McClurg">Joseph W. McClurg</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected Governor</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Missouri" title="Elections in Missouri">Elections in Missouri</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/150px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/225px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/300px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Presidential elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1820 United States presidential election in Missouri">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1824 United States presidential election in Missouri">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1828 United States presidential election in Missouri">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1832 United States presidential election in Missouri">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1836 United States presidential election in Missouri">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1840 United States presidential election in Missouri">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1844 United States presidential election in Missouri">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1848 United States presidential election in Missouri">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1852 United States presidential election in Missouri">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1856 United States presidential election in Missouri">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1860 United States presidential election in Missouri">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1864 United States presidential election in Missouri">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1868 United States presidential election in Missouri">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1872 United States presidential election in Missouri">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1876 United States presidential election in Missouri">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1880 United States presidential election in Missouri">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1884 United States presidential election in Missouri">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1888 United States presidential election in Missouri">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1892 United States presidential election in Missouri">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1896 United States presidential election in Missouri">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1900 United States presidential election in Missouri">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1904 United States presidential election in Missouri">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1908 United States presidential election in Missouri">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1912 United States presidential election in Missouri">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1916 United States presidential election in Missouri">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1920 United States presidential election in Missouri">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1924 United States presidential election in Missouri">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1928 United States presidential election in Missouri">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1932 United States presidential election in Missouri">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1936 United States presidential election in Missouri">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1940 United States presidential election in Missouri">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1944 United States presidential election in Missouri">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1948 United States presidential election in Missouri">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1952 United States presidential election in Missouri">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1956 United States presidential election in Missouri">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1960 United States presidential election in Missouri">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1964 United States presidential election in Missouri">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States presidential election in Missouri">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1972 United States presidential election in Missouri">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1976 United States presidential election in Missouri">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1980 United States presidential election in Missouri">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1984 United States presidential election in Missouri">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1988 United States presidential election in Missouri">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States presidential election in Missouri">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1996 United States presidential election in Missouri">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States presidential election in Missouri">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2004 United States presidential election in Missouri">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2008 United States presidential election in Missouri">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States presidential election in Missouri">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2016 United States presidential election in Missouri">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2020 United States presidential election in Missouri">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2024 United States presidential election in Missouri">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_bellwether" title="Missouri bellwether">Missouri bellwether</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Presidential primaries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2000 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2004 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_primary,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Democratic primary, 2012">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2016 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2020 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">2024</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2000 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2004 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2008 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Republican_primary,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Republican primary, 2012">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2016 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2020 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Republican_presidential_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Missouri Republican presidential primary">2024</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1821_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1821 United States Senate elections in Missouri">1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1825 United States Senate election in Missouri">1825</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1827_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1827 United States Senate election in Missouri">1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1830 United States Senate election in Missouri">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1833_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1833 United States Senate election in Missouri">1833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1836 United States Senate election in Missouri">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1839 United States Senate election in Missouri">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1842 United States Senate election in Missouri">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1843_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1843 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1843 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1845_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1845 United States Senate election in Missouri">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1849 United States Senate election in Missouri">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1851 United States Senate election in Missouri">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 United States Senate election in Missouri">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1857 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1861 United States Senate election in Missouri">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1863 United States Senate election in Missouri">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1863 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1863 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1868 United States Senate election in Missouri">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1871 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1871 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1874 United States Senate election in Missouri">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1879 United States Senate election in Missouri">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1879 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1879 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 United States Senate election in Missouri">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1885 United States Senate election in Missouri">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1887 United States Senate election in Missouri">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1891 United States Senate election in Missouri">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1893 United States Senate election in Missouri">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 United States Senate election in Missouri">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1899 United States Senate election in Missouri">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1903 United States Senate election in Missouri">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 United States Senate election in Missouri">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1909 United States Senate election in Missouri">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 United States Senate election in Missouri">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 United States Senate election in Missouri">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1914 United States Senate election in Missouri">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1916 United States Senate election in Missouri">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" title="1918 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1918 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1920 United States Senate election in Missouri">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1922 United States Senate election in Missouri">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1926 United States Senate election in Missouri">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" title="1926 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1926 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1928 United States Senate election in Missouri">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1932 United States Senate election in Missouri">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1934 United States Senate election in Missouri">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1938 United States Senate election in Missouri">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1940 United States Senate election in Missouri">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1944 United States Senate election in Missouri">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1946 United States Senate election in Missouri">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1950 United States Senate election in Missouri">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1952 United States Senate election in Missouri">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1956 United States Senate election in Missouri">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1958 United States Senate election in Missouri">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" title="1960 United States Senate special election in Missouri">1960 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1962 United States Senate election in Missouri">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1964 United States Senate election in Missouri">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States Senate election in Missouri">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1970 United States Senate election in Missouri">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1974 United States Senate election in Missouri">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1976 United States Senate election in Missouri">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1980 United States Senate election in Missouri">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1982 United States Senate election in Missouri">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1986 United States Senate election in Missouri">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1988 United States Senate election in Missouri">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States Senate election in Missouri">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1994 United States Senate election in Missouri">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1998 United States Senate election in Missouri">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States Senate election in Missouri">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Missouri" title="2002 United States Senate special election in Missouri">2002 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2004 United States Senate election in Missouri">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2006 United States Senate election in Missouri">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2010 United States Senate election in Missouri">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States Senate election in Missouri">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2016 United States Senate election in Missouri">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2018 United States Senate election in Missouri">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2022 United States Senate election in Missouri">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2024 United States Senate election in Missouri">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 United States Senate election in Missouri">2028</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" title="1820 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" title="1822 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" title="1824 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" title="1826 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" title="1828 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1831 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_and_1833_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1832–33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1835 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1836 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1838 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1838</a></li> <li>1839 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1839_Missouri%27s_at-large_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1839 Missouri's at-large congressional district special election">AL sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1840 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1842 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1844 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1846_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1846 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1846</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1846_Missouri%27s_at-large_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1846 Missouri's at-large congressional district special election">AL sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1850 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1856 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1858 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1860</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1860_Missouri%27s_1st_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 Missouri's 1st congressional district special election">1st sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1864 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1866 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1866</a></li> <li>1867 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_Missouri%27s_3rd_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1867 Missouri's 3rd congressional district special election">3rd sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1868</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_Missouri%27s_5th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1868 Missouri's 5th congressional district special election">5th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1870 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1880</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1880_Missouri%27s_7th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 Missouri's 7th congressional district special election">7th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1882</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1882_Missouri%27s_2nd_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1882 Missouri's 2nd congressional district special election">2nd sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1888</a></li> <li>1889 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1889_Missouri%27s_4th_congressional_district_special_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1889 Missouri's 4th congressional district special elections">4th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1890</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_Missouri%27s_14th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 Missouri's 14th congressional district special election">14th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1896 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1896</a></li> <li>1897 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1897_Missouri%27s_1st_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 Missouri's 1st congressional district special election">1st sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1898 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1898</a></li> <li>1899 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899_Missouri%27s_8th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1899 Missouri's 8th congressional district special election">8th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1902 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1902</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1902_Missouri%27s_12th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1902 Missouri's 12th congressional district special election">12th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1908 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1910</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_Missouri%27s_6th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 Missouri's 6th congressional district special election">6th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1918</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1918_Missouri%27s_10th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 Missouri's 10th congressional district special election">10th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1920</a></li> <li>1921 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Missouri%27s_4th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1921 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election">4th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1926 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1926</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_Missouri%27s_11th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1926 Missouri's 11th congressional district special election">11th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1928</a></li> <li>1929 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Missouri%27s_4th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election">4th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1930</a></li> <li>1931 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_Missouri%27s_7th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 Missouri's 7th congressional district special election">7th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1934 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1942</a></li> <li>1943 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1943_Missouri%27s_6th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Missouri's 6th congressional district special election">6th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1944 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1948</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri%27s_10th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Missouri's 10th congressional district special election">10th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1950</a></li> <li>1951 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Missouri%27s_11th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Missouri's 11th congressional district special election">11th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1958</a></li> <li>1959 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Missouri%27s_4th_congressional_district_special_election" title="1959 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election">4th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Missouri%27s_9th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 Missouri's 9th congressional district special election">9th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1976</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Missouri%27s_6th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Missouri's 6th congressional district special election">6th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1996</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Missouri%27s_8th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Missouri's 8th congressional district special election">8th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2012</a></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Missouri%27s_8th_congressional_district_special_election" title="2013 Missouri's 8th congressional district special election">8th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Missouri" title="Government of Missouri">State government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> State elections</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_elections" title="2008 Missouri elections">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Missouri_elections" title="2010 Missouri elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_elections" title="2012 Missouri elections">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Missouri_elections" title="2014 Missouri elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_elections" title="2016 Missouri elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Missouri_elections" title="2018 Missouri elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_elections" title="2020 Missouri elections">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Missouri_elections" title="2022 Missouri elections">2022</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Missouri" title="List of governors of Missouri">Gubernatorial elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1820_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1820 Missouri gubernatorial election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1824 Missouri gubernatorial election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825_Missouri_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1825 Missouri gubernatorial special election">1825 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1828 Missouri gubernatorial election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1832 Missouri gubernatorial election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1836 Missouri gubernatorial election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1840 Missouri gubernatorial election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1844 Missouri gubernatorial election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1848 Missouri gubernatorial election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1852 Missouri gubernatorial election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1856 Missouri gubernatorial election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_Missouri_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1857 Missouri gubernatorial special election">1857 sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1860 Missouri gubernatorial election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Missouri gubernatorial election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Missouri gubernatorial election">1868</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Missouri gubernatorial election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Missouri gubernatorial election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Missouri gubernatorial election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1880 Missouri gubernatorial election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1884 Missouri gubernatorial election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1888 Missouri gubernatorial election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1892 Missouri gubernatorial election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1896 Missouri gubernatorial election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1900 Missouri gubernatorial election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1904 Missouri gubernatorial election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1908 Missouri gubernatorial election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Missouri gubernatorial election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1916 Missouri gubernatorial election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1920 Missouri gubernatorial election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1924 Missouri gubernatorial election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1928 Missouri gubernatorial election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1932 Missouri gubernatorial election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1936 Missouri gubernatorial election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Missouri gubernatorial election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Missouri gubernatorial election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Missouri gubernatorial election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Missouri gubernatorial election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Missouri gubernatorial election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 Missouri gubernatorial election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1964 Missouri gubernatorial election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Missouri gubernatorial election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Missouri gubernatorial election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Missouri gubernatorial election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1980 Missouri gubernatorial election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1984 Missouri gubernatorial election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Missouri gubernatorial election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Missouri gubernatorial election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1996 Missouri gubernatorial election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Missouri gubernatorial election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2004 Missouri gubernatorial election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Missouri gubernatorial election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2012 Missouri gubernatorial election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2016 Missouri gubernatorial election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Missouri gubernatorial election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 Missouri gubernatorial election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Missouri">Lieutenant gubernatorial elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1820_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1820 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1824 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1828 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1832 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1836 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1840 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1844 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1848 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1852 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1856 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1860 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1880 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1884 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1888 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1892 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1896 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1900 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1904 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1908 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1916 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1920 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1924 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1928 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1932 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1936 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1964 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1980 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1984 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1996 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2004 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2012 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2016 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Missouri_secretaries_of_state" title="List of Missouri secretaries of state">Secretary of State elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_Secretary_of_State_election" title="2012 Missouri Secretary of State election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_Secretary_of_State_election" title="2016 Missouri Secretary of State election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Secretary_of_State_election" title="2020 Missouri Secretary of State election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Secretary_of_State_election" title="2024 Missouri Secretary of State election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">Attorney General elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_Attorney_General_election" title="2012 Missouri Attorney General election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_Attorney_General_election" title="2016 Missouri Attorney General election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Attorney_General_election" title="2020 Missouri Attorney General election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Attorney_General_election" title="2024 Missouri Attorney General election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/State_Treasurer_of_Missouri" title="State Treasurer of Missouri">State Treasurer elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Missouri_State_Treasurer_election" title="2012 Missouri State Treasurer election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Missouri_State_Treasurer_election" title="2016 Missouri State Treasurer election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_State_Treasurer_election" title="2020 Missouri State Treasurer election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_State_Treasurer_election" title="2024 Missouri State Treasurer election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/State_Auditor_of_Missouri" title="State Auditor of Missouri">State Auditor elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Missouri_State_Auditor_election" title="2010 Missouri State Auditor election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Missouri_State_Auditor_election" title="2014 Missouri State Auditor election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Missouri_State_Auditor_election" title="2018 Missouri State Auditor election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Missouri_State_Auditor_election" title="2022 Missouri State Auditor election">2022</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">Senate elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Missouri_Senate_election" title="2010 Missouri Senate election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Missouri_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Missouri Senate election (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Missouri_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 Missouri Senate election (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Missouri_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Missouri Senate election (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Missouri_Senate_election" title="2018 Missouri Senate election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Senate_election" title="2020 Missouri Senate election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Missouri_Senate_election" title="2022 Missouri Senate election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Senate_election" title="2024 Missouri Senate election">2024</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">House of Representatives elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2010 Missouri House of Representatives election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Missouri House of Representatives election (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 Missouri House of Representatives election (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 Missouri House of Representatives election (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 Missouri House of Representatives election (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2020 Missouri House of Representatives election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2022 Missouri House of Representatives election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2024 Missouri House of Representatives election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Missouri_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2026 Missouri House of Representatives election">2026</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Missouri_ballot_measures" title="List of Missouri ballot measures">Ballot measures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1999</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Missouri_Proposition_B" title="1999 Missouri Proposition B">Proposition B</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2004</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Missouri_Amendment_2" title="2004 Missouri Amendment 2">Amendment 2</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2006</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Missouri_Amendment_2" title="2006 Missouri Amendment 2">Amendment 2</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2018</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Missouri_Proposition_A" title="2018 Missouri Proposition A">Proposition A</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2020</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Missouri_Amendment_2" title="2020 Missouri Amendment 2">Amendment 2</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2022</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Missouri_marijuana_legalization_initiative" title="2022 Missouri marijuana legalization initiative">Amendment 3</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2024</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Missouri_Amendment_3" title="2024 Missouri Amendment 3">Amendment 3</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Mayoral elections</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Columbia,_Missouri_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Columbia, Missouri mayoral election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Columbia,_Missouri_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Columbia, Missouri mayoral election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Columbia,_Missouri_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Columbia, Missouri mayoral election">2022</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Mayoral elections</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Jefferson_City,_Missouri_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Jefferson City, Missouri mayoral election (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Jefferson_City,_Missouri_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Jefferson City, Missouri mayoral election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Jefferson_City,_Missouri_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Jefferson City, Missouri mayoral election (page does not exist)">2022</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Joplin,_Missouri" title="Joplin, Missouri">Joplin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Mayoral elections</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Joplin_mayoral_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Joplin mayoral election (page does not exist)">2023</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri">Mayoral elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2003 Kansas City mayoral election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2007 Kansas City mayoral election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2011 Kansas City mayoral election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2015 Kansas City mayoral election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2019 Kansas City mayoral election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kansas_City_mayoral_election" title="2023 Kansas City mayoral election">2023</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Missouri" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Missouri">Mayoral elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Springfield,_Missouri_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Springfield, Missouri mayoral election">2021</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_St._Louis" title="Mayor of St. Louis">Mayoral elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1973 St. Louis mayoral election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1977 St. Louis mayoral election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1981 St. Louis mayoral election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1985 St. Louis mayoral election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1989 St. Louis mayoral election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1993 St. Louis mayoral election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="1997 St. Louis mayoral election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2001 St. Louis mayoral election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2005 St. Louis mayoral election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2009 St. Louis mayoral election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2013 St. Louis mayoral election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2017 St. Louis mayoral election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2021 St. Louis mayoral election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_St._Louis_mayoral_election" title="2025 St. Louis mayoral election">2025</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Board of Aldermen elections</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_St._Louis_aldermanic_elections" title="2023 St. Louis aldermanic elections">2023</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Missouri_sidebar" title="Template:Elections in Missouri sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections_in_Missouri_sidebar" title="Template talk:Elections in Missouri sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections_in_Missouri_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections in Missouri sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1870 Missouri gubernatorial election</b> was held on November 8, 1870, and resulted in a victory for the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> nominee, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a>, over incumbent <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._McClurg" title="Joseph W. McClurg">Joseph W. McClurg</a>. </p><p>The election centered on the restoration of political rights for Confederates and Confederate sympathizers, leading to a split in the state Republican Party. In addition to support for re-enfranchisement, Liberals supported tariff reform and were critical of President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, particularly his federal appointments policy. The election grew to become a referendum on Grant's presidency, and Brown's landslide victory would lay the ground for the formation of the national <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a> which challenged Grant in the 1872 presidential election. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl-Schurz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carl-Schurz.jpg/200px-Carl-Schurz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carl-Schurz.jpg/300px-Carl-Schurz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carl-Schurz.jpg/400px-Carl-Schurz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>Senator <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a> took a leading role in the Liberal faction, using the Missouri race as a platform to criticize allies of President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and eventually, Grant himself.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Missouri had been one of the hotly contested <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">border states</a>, with many residents joining each side of the conflict. After the war ended in 1865, the restoration of voting rights for those who had joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a> was the focus of political debate throughout the country, but particularly in Missouri, a tightly divided state where so many residents would be affected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191928-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1865, more <a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">radical elements</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a> gained power and instituted a sweeping <a href="/wiki/Proscription" title="Proscription">proscription</a> of rights for those engaged in rebellion. Their new constitution for Missouri was referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Draco_(lawgiver)" title="Draco (lawgiver)">Draconian</a> Constitution" for its loyalty oath provisions, designed to keep all but the most ardent Unionists from participating in government.<sup id="cite_ref-draconian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draconian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> in December 1866, conservative elements, concerned both with the principle of proscription and its effect on their political power, responded by calling for an equally radical policy of universal amnesty and enfranchisement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191928-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because they were concerned with the political liberty of ex-Confederates, this faction was known as the "liberals," in contrast to the anti-enfranchisement "radicals." The liberals were led by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> supporter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Thomas Hart Benton</a> and anti-slavery Union Army veteran. Gratz was joined within the year by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a>, one of Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/Political_general" title="Political general">political generals</a> and the leading figure in the German immigrant community and the American <a href="/wiki/Forty-Eighters" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-Eighters">Forty-Eighters</a>. Schurz had successfully supported enfranchisement at the <a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864 national convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191928-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1869, Schurz won election to the United States Senate as the representative of the liberals, despite the efforts of senior Senator and radical <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Charles D. Drake</a>. In 1870, differences over enfranchisement had divided the state into distinct Radical and Liberal wings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the debate over enfranchisement, federal patronage and tariff reform divided Missouri Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191930_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191930-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William McKee, publisher of the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Globe-Democrat" title="St. Louis Globe-Democrat">Missouri Democrat</a></i>, backed the Liberal movement after breaking with President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> over federal appointments in the state; Grant usually passed over McKee's own choices in favor of his own personal friends. Many Missourians also opposed the extension of the wartime tariff measures, which were taken to disproportionately restrict Western agriculture exports to the benefit of Eastern industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191914,_30_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191914,_30-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republican_Party_convention_and_split">Republican Party convention and split</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Republican Party convention and split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri legislature">Missouri legislature</a> proposed amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Constitution">state constitution</a> to be ratified by referendum at the 1870 election which would remove remaining penalties for Confederates. Whether and to what extent to endorse these amendments was the dominant question at the state party convention in August 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radicals presented a resolution declaring for enfranchisement "as soon as it can be done with safety to the State," while Liberals countered with a declaration "unequivocally in favor of the adoption of the Constitution Amendments."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A vote was taken, and the Radical resolution won by a majority of ninety-seven votes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately after the vote, the 250 Liberal delegates withdrew and organized a separate convention. Some Liberals<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> accused Radicals of stacking the convention by manipulating Black voters and holding "snap" caucuses to prevent Liberal participation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the regular convention failed to resolve the differences between the planks via conference committee, the Liberals announced a ticket of their own, led by Gratz Brown for governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Democratic Party, moribund in the state since the War and the implementation of the loyalty oaths, adopted a "passive policy" of support for Brown and a complete cessation of party activity. The leading Democratic newspaper, the <i>Missouri Republican</i>, eventually openly embraced Brown and the Liberal ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191930_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191930-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candidates">Candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a>, former U.S. senator (Liberal Republican-Democratic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._McClurg" title="Joseph W. McClurg">Joseph W. McClurg</a>, incumbent governor (Republican)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The campaign quickly took on national overtones. The Liberals issued an address, authored by Schurz, which criticized the Radicals for illiberality and corruption and claimed the mantle of "true Republicans."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Schurz initially tried to remain close to the Grant administration and avoid a national rupture, Grant viewed the split through a partisan lens, as an attempt to turn the state over the Democratic Party. Federal officeholders in the state were openly called to support Governor McClurg and Brown supporters were removed from their offices; Grant wrote to the Collector of the Port of St. Louis:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"I regard the movement headed by Carl Schurz, Brown, etc. as similar to the Tennessee and Virginia movements intended to carry a portion of the Republican party over to the Democracy, and thus give them control. ... I hope you will see your way clear to give the regular ticket your support."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Schurz thus broke entirely from the Grant administration, making disapproval of the President and his 1872 re-election a central theme of the campaign. He wrote to Senator <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Matthew H. Carpenter</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>"...Grant has read me out of the Republican party and is vigorously chopping off the heads of those who are suspected of sympathizing with me. Under such circumstances I have to fight right here. Had not Grant given himself into [Senator] Drake's keeping and interfered in our affairs, we 'bolters' would have swept almost the whole Republican party with us. But the President fighting us (and fighting himself too), we have to work, for we not only want to carry the State, but to carry it heavily."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the federal policy of interference, Brown won a large majority and the suffrage amendments were adopted overwhelmingly. Two Liberals and four Democrats were elected to the United States House of Representatives, and a joint Democratic majority was returned in the Missouri legislature, with a Liberal-Democratic coalition easily controlling each chamber individually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>1870 gubernatorial election, Missouri<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FF69B4; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gratz_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gratz Brown">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>104,374 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>62.27 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>N/A </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._McClurg" title="Joseph W. McClurg">Joseph W. McClurg</a> (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">63,235 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">37.73 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>18.94 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">41,139 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">24.54 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+11.20 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">167,609 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">9.74 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #FF69B4"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> <b>gain</b> from <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872 United States presidential election</a></div> <p>As a result of the Liberal-Democratic victory in the legislature, <a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Blair_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Francis P. Blair Jr.">Francis P. Blair Jr.</a> was elected to succeed Drake in the United States Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191932_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191932-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schurz delivered a speech in the United States Senate in December which presented an elaborate exposition and defense of the "Missouri movement," signaling a permanent break with the administration which would later lead to the establishment of the national <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a> in opposition to Grant's re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191932_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191932-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191928-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191928_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draconian-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-draconian_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-draconian_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16795coll1">"MISSOURI STATE ARCHIVES - Missouri Constitutions, 1820-1945"</a>. <i>cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org&rft.atitle=MISSOURI+STATE+ARCHIVES+-+Missouri+Constitutions%2C+1820-1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp16795coll1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+Missouri+gubernatorial+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191929-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191929_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191930-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191930_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191930_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191914,_30-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191914,_30_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, pp. 14, 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191931-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191931_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=263366">"Our Campaigns - MO Governor Race - Nov 08, 1870"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Campaigns+-+MO+Governor+Race+-+Nov+08%2C+1870&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D263366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+Missouri+gubernatorial+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss191932-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191932_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss191932_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss1919">Ross 1919</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The loyalty oath provisions were eventually ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in the 1867 case <i>Cummings v. Missouri</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-draconian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draconian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Missouri_gubernatorial_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoss1919" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Earle Dudley (1919). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liberalrepublica00ross/"><i>The Liberal Republican Movement</i></a></span>. Cornell Univ. Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Republican+Movement&rft.pub=Cornell+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Earle+Dudley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliberalrepublica00ross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+Missouri+gubernatorial+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reconstruction_era103" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reconstruction_Era" title="Template:Reconstruction Era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reconstruction_Era" title="Template talk:Reconstruction Era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reconstruction_Era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reconstruction Era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reconstruction_era103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Federal government</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Presidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Congress <ul><li><a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_United_States_Congress" title="39th United States Congress">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_United_States_Congress" title="40th United States Congress">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_United_States_Congress" title="41st United States Congress">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_United_States_Congress" title="42nd United States Congress">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_United_States_Congress" title="43rd United States Congress">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_United_States_Congress" title="44th United States Congress">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_United_States_Congress" title="45th United States Congress">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Republicans_(Reconstruction_era)" title="Moderate Republicans (Reconstruction era)">Moderate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republicans_(Reconstruction_era)" title="Conservative Republicans (Reconstruction era)">Conservative Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">African-American senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives#Reconstruction_and_early_post-Reconstruction_era,_1870–1887" title="List of African-American United States representatives">African-American representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Reconstruction" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction">United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Reconstruction" title="United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction">United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Federal judiciary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">Taney Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Court" title="Chase Court">Chase Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waite_Court" title="Waite Court">Waite Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Federal bureaucracy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">State governments</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">Freedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_politicians_during_the_Reconstruction_Era" title="Category:African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era">Politicians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stalwarts_(politics)" title="Stalwarts (politics)">Stalwarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Trumbull" title="Lyman Trumbull">Lyman Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">John Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mitchell_Ashley" title="James Mitchell Ashley">James Mitchell Ashley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_during_the_Reconstruction_era" title="Women during the Reconstruction era">Women during the Reconstruction era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Presidential</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">DNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">National Union Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">DNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">RNC</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">DNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">RNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-Out_Democratic_Party" title="Straight-Out Democratic Party">Straight-Out Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">DNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" title="1876 Republican National Convention">RNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1876 Greenback National Convention">Greenback Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Prohibition_National_Convention" title="1876 Prohibition National Convention">Prohibition Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_States)" title="Electoral Commission (United States)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864%E2%80%9365_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1864–65 United States Senate elections">1864–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866%E2%80%9367_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1866–67 United States Senate elections">1866–67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%E2%80%9369_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1868–69 United States Senate elections">1868–69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870%E2%80%9371_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1870–71 United States Senate elections">1870–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872%E2%80%9373_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1872–73 United States Senate elections">1872–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874%E2%80%9375_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1874–75 United States Senate elections">1874–75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876%E2%80%9377_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1876–77 United States Senate elections">1876–77</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864%E2%80%9365_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections">1864–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866%E2%80%9367_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections">1866–67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%E2%80%9369_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections">1868–69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870%E2%80%9371_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections">1870–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872%E2%80%9373_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections">1872–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874%E2%80%9375_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections">1874–75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876%E2%80%9377_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections">1876–77</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1863 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1863_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 California gubernatorial election">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Virginia_gubernatorial_elections" title="1863 Virginia gubernatorial elections">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1863 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1864 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1864 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1865 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1865_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1866_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1866 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1867 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 California gubernatorial election">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1867 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1868 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1868 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1869 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1869_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1870 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1870_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1870 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1871 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1871_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 California gubernatorial election">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1872 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1872_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1873 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1873_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1874 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1874_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Nevada gubernatorial election">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1874 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1875 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1875_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 California gubernatorial election">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>1876 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1876_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1876_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="April 1876 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut <i>April</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1876_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="November 1876 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut <i>November</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">U.S. elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_elections" title="1864 United States elections">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_United_States_elections" title="1866 United States elections">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_elections" title="1868 United States elections">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_elections" title="1870 United States elections">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_elections" title="1872 United States elections">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_States_elections" title="1874 United States elections">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_elections" title="1876 United States elections">1876</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">A Vindication of the Rights of Woman</a></i> (1792)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Equality_of_the_Sexes_and_the_Condition_of_Women&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women (page does not exist)">The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_in_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="Woman in the Nineteenth Century">Woman in the Nineteenth Century</a></i> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Convention</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act" title="District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act">District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Act_of_1862" title="Militia Act of 1862">Militia Act of 1862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._143" title="General Order No. 143">General Order No. 143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era#Lincoln's_presidential_Reconstruction" title="Reconstruction era">Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_plan" title="Ten percent plan">Ten percent plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Loyal_National_League" title="Women's Loyal National League">Women's Loyal National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1863 State of the Union Address">1863 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Davis_Bill" title="Wade–Davis Bill">Wade–Davis Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_elections" title="1864 United States elections">1864 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1864 State of the Union Address">1864 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1865</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_second_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address">Address</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Field_Orders_No._15" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Field Orders No. 15">Special Field Orders No. 15 </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau_bills" title="Freedmen's Bureau bills">Freedmen's Bureau bills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">Confederates surrender at Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Assassination of Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_University" title="Shaw University">Shaw University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(United_States)" title="New Departure (United States)">New Departure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1865 State of the Union Address">1865 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Founding of the Ku Klux Klan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_massacre_of_1866" title="Memphis massacre of 1866">Memphis massacre of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Massacre_of_1866" title="New Orleans Massacre of 1866">New Orleans Massacre of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Around_the_Circle" title="Swing Around the Circle">Swing Around the Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Conference_and_Cherokee_Reconstruction_Treaty_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866">Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Organic_Act#Treaty_of_Washington_(1866)" title="Oklahoma Organic Act">Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866</a></li> <li>Tennessee readmitted to Union</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petition_for_Universal_Freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petition for Universal Freedom (page does not exist)">Petition for Universal Freedom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Union" title="National Labor Union">National Labor Union</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Garland" title="Ex parte Garland">Ex parte Garland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Milligan" title="Ex parte Milligan">Ex parte Milligan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Kidnapping_Act_of_1866" title="Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866">Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1866_United_States_elections" title="1866 United States elections">1866 elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1867</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenure_of_Office_Act_(1867)" title="Tenure of Office Act (1867)">Tenure of Office Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_Army_Act" title="Command of Army Act">Command of Army Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_Lodge_Treaty#Indian_Peace_Commission" title="Medicine Lodge Treaty">Indian Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_conventions_of_1867&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional conventions of 1867 (page does not exist)">Constitutional conventions of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peonage_Act_of_1867" title="Peonage Act of 1867">Peonage Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1867 State of the Union Address">1867 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1868</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">Impeachment managers investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment_adopted_against_Andrew_Johnson" title="Articles of impeachment adopted against Andrew Johnson">Articles of impeachment</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arkansas readmitted to Union</li> <li>Florida readmitted to Union</li> <li>North Carolina readmitted to Union</li> <li>South Carolina readmitted to Union</li> <li>Louisiana readmitted to Union</li> <li>Alabama readmitted to Union</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas_massacre" title="Opelousas massacre">Opelousas massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Fourth Reconstruction Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_v._Stanton" title="Georgia v. Stanton">Georgia v. Stanton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_elections" title="1868 United States elections">1868 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1868 State of the Union Address">1868 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1869</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims"><i>Alabama</i> Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo">Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Indian_Commissioners" title="Board of Indian Commissioners">Board of Indian Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Credit_Act_of_1869" title="Public Credit Act of 1869">Public Credit Act of 1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1869)" title="Black Friday (1869)">Black Friday (1869)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_McCardle" title="Ex parte McCardle">Ex parte McCardle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1869 State of the Union Address">1869 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1870</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoffner_Act" title="Shoffner Act">Shoffner Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_elections" title="1870 United States elections">1870 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1870 State of the Union Address">1870 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1871</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku_Klux_Klan_hearings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ku Klux Klan hearings (page does not exist)">Ku Klux Klan hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Second Enforcement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan_Act" title="Ku Klux Klan Act">Ku Klux Klan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorn_State_University" title="Alcorn State University">Alcorn State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian race riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington_(1871)" title="Treaty of Washington (1871)">Treaty of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandals_of_the_Ulysses_S._Grant_administration#New_York_custom_house_ring" title="Scandals of the Ulysses S. Grant administration">New York custom house ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_commission" title="Civil service commission">Civil service commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea" title="United States expedition to Korea">United States expedition to Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1871 State of the Union Address">1871 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Mining_Act_of_1872" title="General Mining Act of 1872">General Mining Act of 1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Mobilier_scandal" title="Crédit Mobilier scandal">Crédit Mobilier scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Route_scandal" title="Star Route scandal">Star Route scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salary_Grab_Act" title="Salary Grab Act">Salary Grab Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_Act" title="Amnesty Act">Amnesty Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_elections" title="1872 United States elections">1872 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1872 State of the Union Address">1872 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1873</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slaughter-House_Cases" title="Slaughter-House Cases">Slaughter-House Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginius_Affair" title="Virginius Affair"><i>Virginius</i> Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Comstock laws">Comstock laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1873 State of the Union Address">1873 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1874</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coushatta_massacre" title="Coushatta massacre">Coushatta massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Massacre_of_1874" title="Election Massacre of 1874">Election Massacre of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_massacre" title="Vicksburg massacre">Vicksburg massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hills Gold Rush">Black Hills Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanborn_incident" title="Sanborn incident">Sanborn incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Moiety_Acts" title="Anti-Moiety Acts">Anti-Moiety Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_States_elections" title="1874 United States elections">1874 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1874 State of the Union Address">1874 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1875</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Cruikshank" title="United States v. Cruikshank">United States v. Cruikshank</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1875" title="Civil Rights Act of 1875">Civil Rights Act of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Plan" title="Mississippi Plan">Mississippi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifton_Riot_of_1875&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifton Riot of 1875 (page does not exist)">Clifton Riot of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yazoo_City_Riot_of_1875&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazoo City Riot of 1875 (page does not exist)">Yazoo City Riot of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">Specie Payment Resumption Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Ring" title="Whiskey Ring">Whiskey Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Compromise" title="Wheeler Compromise">Wheeler Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandals_of_the_Ulysses_S._Grant_administration#Department_of_Interior" title="Scandals of the Ulysses S. Grant administration">Delano affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Boyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Boyd">Pratt & Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1875 State of the Union Address">1875 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1876</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellenton_massacre" title="Ellenton massacre">Ellenton massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876" title="Great Sioux War of 1876">Great Sioux War of 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn" title="Battle of the Little Bighorn">Battle of the Little Bighorn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Reese" title="United States v. Reese">United States v. Reese</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trader_post_scandal" title="Trader post scandal">Trader post scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial Exposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandals_of_the_Ulysses_S._Grant_administration#Cattellism" title="Scandals of the Ulysses S. Grant administration">Cattellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_burglary_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe burglary conspiracy">Safe burglary conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_elections" title="1876 United States elections">1876 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1876 State of the Union Address">1876 State of the Union Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">1877</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_States)" title="Electoral Commission (United States)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_War" title="Nez Perce War">Nez Perce War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Land_Act" title="Desert Land Act">Desert Land Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1877" title="Great Railroad Strike of 1877">Great Railroad Strike of 1877</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_Act" title="Posse Comitatus Act">Posse Comitatus Act</a> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Cases" title="Civil Rights Cases">Civil Rights Cases</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Harris" title="United States v. Harris">United States v. Harris</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_v._Mississippi" title="Williams v. Mississippi">Williams v. Mississippi</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giles_v._Harris" title="Giles v. Harris">Giles v. Harris</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" title="Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Historiography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Reconstruction_era" title="Bibliography of the Reconstruction era">Bibliography of the Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shepherd_Pike" title="James Shepherd Pike">James Shepherd Pike</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Prostrate_State:_South_Carolina_under_Negro_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government (page does not exist)">The Prostrate State</a></i> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Commonwealth">The American Commonwealth</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_G._Bowers" title="Claude G. Bowers">Claude G. Bowers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tragic_Era&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Tragic Era (page does not exist)">The Tragic Era</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">John Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lynwood_Fleming" title="Walter Lynwood Fleming">Walter Lynwood Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_Dunning" title="William Archibald Dunning">William Archibald Dunning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_K._Beale" title="Howard K. Beale">Howard K. Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Reconstruction_in_America" title="Black Reconstruction in America">Black Reconstruction in America</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Vann_Woodward" title="C. Vann Woodward">C. Vann Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joel_Williamson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joel Williamson (page does not exist)">Joel Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Brock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Brock (page does not exist)">William R. Brock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Crisis" title="The American Crisis">The American Crisis</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Franklin" title="John Hope Franklin">John Hope Franklin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=From_Slavery_to_Freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="From Slavery to Freedom (page does not exist)">From Slavery to Freedom</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=After_Slavery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="After Slavery (page does not exist)">After Slavery</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Litwack" title="Leon Litwack">Leon Litwack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Been_in_the_Storm_So_Long" title="Been in the Storm So Long">Been in the Storm So Long</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:_America%27s_Unfinished_Revolution,_1863%E2%80%931877" title="Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877">Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Stampp" title="Kenneth M. Stampp">Kenneth M. Stampp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Hahn" title="Steven Hahn">Steven Hahn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Nation_Under_Our_Feet" title="A Nation Under Our Feet">A Nation Under Our Feet</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Founding" title="The Second Founding">The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Memory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Homer" title="Winslow Homer">Winslow Homer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress" title="A Visit from the Old Mistress">A Visit from the Old Mistress</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixon_Jr." title="Thomas Dixon Jr.">Thomas Dixon Jr.</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Leopard%27s_Spots" title="The Leopard's Spots">The Leopard's Spots</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clansman:_A_Historical_Romance_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan" title="The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan">The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Blight" title="David W. Blight">David W. Blight</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_and_Reunion" title="Race and Reunion">Race and Reunion</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule" title="Forty acres and a mule">Forty acres and a mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">Habeas corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">History of the United States (1865–1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race (human categorization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitecapping" title="Whitecapping">Whitecapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reconstruction_Era" title="Category:Reconstruction Era">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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