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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gangster films in the United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gangster_films_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gangster films in the United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gangster_films_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early Hollywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New Hollywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Godfather_pioneering_Italian-American_Mafia_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Godfather_pioneering_Italian-American_Mafia_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span><i>The Godfather</i> pioneering Italian-American Mafia films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Godfather_pioneering_Italian-American_Mafia_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scorsese_and_the_1990s–2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scorsese_and_the_1990s–2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Scorsese and the 1990s–2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scorsese_and_the_1990s–2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>African Americans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cocaine_and_the_cartels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cocaine_and_the_cartels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cocaine and the cartels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cocaine_and_the_cartels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latino_gang_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latino_gang_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Latino gang films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latino_gang_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_gangster_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_gangster_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>French gangster films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_gangster_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian-made_gangster_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian-made_gangster_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Italian-made gangster films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian-made_gangster_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_gangster_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_gangster_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>British gangster films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_gangster_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_and_the_Yakuza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_and_the_Yakuza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Japan and the Yakuza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_and_the_Yakuza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Indian cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Russian cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy_and_parodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy_and_parodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Comedy and parodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy_and_parodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangster film</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_g%C3%A1ngsters" title="Cine de gángsters – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cine de gángsters" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_de_g%C3%A0ngsters" title="Cinema de gàngsters – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cinema de gàngsters" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterfilm" title="Gangsterfilm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gangsterfilm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γκανγκστερική ταινία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκανγκστερική ταινία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_g%C3%A1nsteres" title="Cine de gánsteres – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine de gánsteres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فیلم گانگستری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم گانگستری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_de_gangsters" title="Film de gangsters – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Film de gangsters" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterfilm" title="Gangsterfilm – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gangsterfilm" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%B1%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="갱스터 영화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갱스터 영화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_di_gangster" title="Film di gangster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Film di gangster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="סרט מאפיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרט מאפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterfilm" title="Gangsterfilm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gangsterfilm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB" title="ギャング映画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギャング映画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterfilm" title="Gangsterfilm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gangsterfilm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_gangsterski" title="Film gangsterski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film gangsterski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Гангстерский фильм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гангстерский фильм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangster_movie" title="Gangster movie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gangster movie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterski_film" title="Gangsterski film – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gangsterski film" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterfilm" title="Gangsterfilm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gangsterfilm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Гангстерський фільм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гангстерський фільм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phim_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91en" title="Phim xã hội đen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phim xã hội đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B9%AB%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="黑幫電影 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑幫電影" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7444356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Film genre</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Ennemi_Public.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/L%27Ennemi_Public.png/350px-L%27Ennemi_Public.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/L%27Ennemi_Public.png/525px-L%27Ennemi_Public.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/L%27Ennemi_Public.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Angels_with_Dirty_Faces" title="Angels with Dirty Faces">Angels with Dirty Faces</a></i>, 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>gangster film</b> or <b>gangster movie</b> is a film belonging to a genre that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gangs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>. It is a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">crime film</a>, that may involve large criminal organizations, or small gangs formed to perform a certain illegal act. The genre is differentiated from Westerns and the gangs of that genre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> defines the genre as "centered on organized crime or maverick criminals in a twentieth century setting".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute named it one of the 10 "classic genres" in its <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">10 Top 10</a> list, released in 2008. The list recognizes 3 films from 1931 & 1932, <i><a href="/wiki/Scarface_(1932_film)" title="Scarface (1932 film)">Scarface</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Enemy" title="The Public Enemy">The Public Enemy</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Caesar_(film)" title="Little Caesar (film)">Little Caesar</a></i>. Only 1 film made the list from 1933 to 1966, 1949's <i><a href="/wiki/White_Heat" title="White Heat">White Heat</a></i>. This was at least partly due to the limitations on the genre imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Hays_Code" title="Hays Code">Hays Code</a>, which was abandoned in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America_film_rating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America film rating system">Motion Picture Association of America film rating system</a> in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Cortés_117_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cortés_117-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in the 1960s, the genre was revitalized in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> movement. New Hollywood directors were honored with 5 of the top 6 films on the list—1967's <i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penn" title="Arthur Penn">Arthur Penn</a>, 1972's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> and 1974's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a></i> both by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>, 1983's <i><a href="/wiki/Scarface_(1983_film)" title="Scarface (1983 film)">Scarface</a></i>, a remake of the <a href="/wiki/Scarface_(1932_film)" title="Scarface (1932 film)">1932 original</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>, and 1990's <i><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>. The rise and fall of a mobster in a classic gangster film is often a thematic <a href="/wiki/Trope_(cinema)" title="Trope (cinema)">trope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, as genre theory came to the focus of academic study and the creation of a more specific taxonomy of genres was defined, gangster films started being distinguished from other subgenres, especially that of western. The genre has been predominantly defined by its historical, ideological, and sociocultural context.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three main categories of gangster films can be distinguished, according to Martha Nochimson: films that follow the escapades of outlaw rebels, such as <i>Bonnie and Clyde</i>, melodramas of villain gangsters against whom the in-story victims and the audience identify, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Key_Largo_(film)" title="Key Largo (film)">Key Largo</a></i> and, most predominantly in the genre, films following an outsider, immigrant gangster protagonist, with whom the audience identifies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Japanese films about the <a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a> evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Tendency_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendency films">Tendency films</a> of the 1930s. They featured historical tales of outlaws and the abuses suffered by the common people, often at the hands of the corrupt powers that be.<sup id="cite_ref-Thornton2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thornton2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The so-called "Chivalry movies" of the 1960s gave way to the violent realism of <a href="/wiki/Kinji_Fukasaku" title="Kinji Fukasaku">Kinji Fukasaku</a>, whose 1973 <i><a href="/wiki/Battles_Without_Honor_and_Humanity" title="Battles Without Honor and Humanity">Battles Without Honor and Humanity</a></i> would inspire future filmmakers across the globe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gangster_films_in_the_United_States">Gangster films in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gangster films in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Hollywood">Early Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg/250px-Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg/375px-Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg/500px-Humphrey_Bogart_in_The_Petrified_Forest_film_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> in the 1936 film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Petrified_Forest" title="The Petrified Forest">The Petrified Forest</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Raft_in_Invisible_Stripes_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/George_Raft_in_Invisible_Stripes_trailer.jpg/250px-George_Raft_in_Invisible_Stripes_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/George_Raft_in_Invisible_Stripes_trailer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Raft" title="George Raft">George Raft</a> in 1939's <i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Stripes" title="Invisible Stripes">Invisible Stripes</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1931 and 1932, three of the most enduring gangster films were ever produced. <i>Scarface</i>, <i>Little Caesar</i> and <i>The Public Enemy</i> remain as three of the greatest examples of the genre. However, starting in the mid-1930s, the Hays Code and its requirements for all criminal action to be punished, and all authority figures to be treated with respect, made gangster films scarce for the next three decades. </p><p>Politics combined with the social and economic climate of the time, influenced how crime films were made, and how the characters were portrayed. Many of the films imply that criminals are the creation of society, rather than its rebel,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and considering the troublesome and bleak time of the 1930s, that argument carries significant weight. Often the best gangster films are closely tied to the reality of crime, reflecting public interest in a particular aspect of criminal activity. Thus, the gangster film is in a sense, a history of crime in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institution of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a> in 1920 led to an explosion in crime, and the depiction of bootlegging is a frequent occurrence in many early mob films. As the 1930s progressed, Hollywood also experimented with the stories of rural criminals and bank robbers, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Dillinger" title="John Dillinger">John Dillinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baby_Face_Nelson" title="Baby Face Nelson">Baby Face Nelson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd" title="Pretty Boy Floyd">Pretty Boy Floyd</a>. The success of these characters in film can be attributed to their value as news subjects, as their exploits often thrilled the people of a nation who had become weary with inefficient government and apathy in business.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the newly formed FBI increased in power, there was a shift to favour the stories of the FBI agents hunting the criminals, instead of focusing on the criminal characters. In 1935, at the height of the hunt for Dillinger, the Production Code office issued an order that no film should be made about Dillinger, for fear of further glamorizing his character. </p><p>Many of the 1930s crime films dealt with class and ethnic conflict, notably the earliest films, reflecting doubts about how well the American system was working. As stated, many films pushed the message that criminals were the result of a poor moral and economic society, and many criminal protagonists are portrayed as having foreign backgrounds or coming from the lower class. Thus, the film criminal is often able to evoke sympathy and admiration from the viewer, who often shift the blame from the criminal's shoulders, onto a cruel society in which success is difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 1930s, crime films became more figurative, representing metaphors, as opposed to the more straight forward films produced earlier in the decade, showing an increasing interest in offering a thought provoking message about criminal character.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Hollywood">New Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_(cropping).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg/220px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg/330px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg/440px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976_%28cropping%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Director <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>, 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>With the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Hays_Code" title="Hays Code">Hays Code</a> in the late 1960s, studios and filmmakers found themselves free to produce films dealing with subject matter that had previously been off-limits.<sup id="cite_ref-Cortés_117_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cortés_117-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early examples include <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penn" title="Arthur Penn">Arthur Penn</a>'s 1967 depression-era tale of <i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i>. In 1973's <i><a href="/wiki/Mean_Streets" title="Mean Streets">Mean Streets</a></i>, Scorsese directed a cinema vérité story of a young aspiring mobster and his problem-gambler friend, played by <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>. In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Peckinpah" title="Sam Peckinpah">Sam Peckinpah</a> directed <i><a href="/wiki/Bring_Me_the_Head_of_Alfredo_Garcia" title="Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia">Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia</a></i>, about the Mexican mob, family honor, and the opportunistic Bennie (<a href="/wiki/Warren_Oates" title="Warren Oates">Warren Oates</a>), friend of the eponymous Alfredo Garcia, looking to make a big score when the chance drops in his lap. </p><p><i>Bonnie and Clyde</i> was one of 1967's biggest box office hits and garnered 2 <a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> and 8 other nominations, including best picture. It, along with the others, were overshadowed by Francis Ford Coppola's <i>Godfather</i> saga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Godfather_pioneering_Italian-American_Mafia_films"><i>The Godfather</i> pioneering Italian-American Mafia films</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Godfather pioneering Italian-American Mafia films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia film</a></div> <p>In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> was released. The epic story of the <a href="/wiki/Corleone_family" title="Corleone family">Corleone family</a>, its generational transition from post-prohibition to post-war, its fratricidal intrigues, and its tapestry of mid-century America's criminal underworld became a huge critical and commercial success. It accounted for nearly 10% of gross proceeds for all films for 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It won the <a href="/wiki/45th_Academy_Awards" title="45th Academy Awards">Oscar for Best Picture</a>, as well as the award for Best Actor for <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is widely considered one of the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">greatest American films of all time</a>. In 1974, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a></i> became the fifth-highest-grossing film of the year and garnered 11 <a href="/wiki/47th_Academy_Awards" title="47th Academy Awards">Academy Award nominations</a>. It again won Best Picture. Coppola won Best Director and <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> won best supporting actor for his portrayal of a young <a href="/wiki/Vito_Corleone" title="Vito Corleone">Vito Corleone</a>. </p><p>The lesson of the films' successes was not wasted on Hollywood. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the studios issued a steady flow of films about Italian American gangsters and the Mafia. Some of these were critically acclaimed. Scorsese's <i><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a></i> about <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hill" title="Henry Hill">Henry Hill</a>'s life and relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a> crime families, was nominated for six <a href="/wiki/63rd_Academy_Awards" title="63rd Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, including Best Picture and Best Director and won the award for Best Supporting Actor for <a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a>'s performance. Italian-American film <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America">Once Upon a Time in America</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> about <a href="/wiki/David_%22Noodles%22_Aaronson" title="David "Noodles" Aaronson">David "Noodles" Aaronson</a> played by <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> is considered one of the best gangster films of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1987 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a></i> was nominated for four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a> in his role as an associate of <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a> who helped bring down <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others, however, strayed into stereotypes and the gratuitous use of Italian ethnicity in minor characters who happened to be criminals. This created a backlash in a portion of the Italian American community.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scorsese_and_the_1990s–2010s"><span id="Scorsese_and_the_1990s.E2.80.932010s"></span>Scorsese and the 1990s–2010s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scorsese and the 1990s–2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s there were several critically acclaimed mob films, many of which were loosely based on real crimes and their perpetrators. Many of these films featured long-time actors, well known for their roles as mobsters such as <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chazz_Palminteri" title="Chazz Palminteri">Chazz Palminteri</a>. </p><p>In 1990, <i><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>, starred <a href="/wiki/Ray_Liotta" title="Ray Liotta">Ray Liotta</a> as real-life associate of the <a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese crime family</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hill" title="Henry Hill">Henry Hill</a>. It was one of the most notable gangster films of the 1990s. Robert De Niro and Joe Pesci also starred in the film, with Pesci earning an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, making <i>Goodfellas</i> one of the most critically acclaimed crime films of all time. </p><p>In 1990, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_III" title="The Godfather Part III">The Godfather Part III</a></i> was released. Al Pacino reprised his role as the iconic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Corleone" title="Michael Corleone">Michael Corleone</a>. The film served as the final installment in The Godfather trilogy, following Michael Corleone as he tries to legitimize the Corleone family in the twilight of his career. </p><p>In 1993, Pacino starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Carlito%27s_Way" title="Carlito's Way">Carlito's Way</a></i> as a former gangster released from prison who vows to go straight. </p><p>In 1995, following their collaboration in <i>Goodfellas</i>, Scorsese, De Niro and Pesci teamed up again to make <i><a href="/wiki/Casino_(1995_film)" title="Casino (1995 film)">Casino</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rosenthal" title="Frank Rosenthal">Frank Rosenthal</a>, an associate of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a>, that ran multiple casinos in Las Vegas during the 1970s and 1980s. The film was De Niro's third mob film of the 1990s, following <i>Goodfellas</i> (1990) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Bronx_Tale" title="A Bronx Tale">A Bronx Tale</a> </i>(1993). </p><p>In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Assante" title="Armand Assante">Armand Assante</a> starred in the television film <i><a href="/wiki/Gotti_(1996_film)" title="Gotti (1996 film)">Gotti</a></i> as infamous New York mobster, <a href="/wiki/John_Gotti" title="John Gotti">John Gotti</a>. </p><p>In 1997's <i><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Brasco_(film)" title="Donnie Brasco (film)">Donnie Brasco</a></i>, Pacino starred alongside <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> in the true story of undercover <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pistone" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pistone">Joseph Pistone</a> and his infiltration of the <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a> of New York City during the 1970s. It was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay</a>. </p><p>In 2006, Scorsese released <i><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a></i>, his adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Infernal_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Infernal affairs">Infernal affairs</a></i>, the Hong Kong film. <i>The Departed</i> was also loosely based on the <a href="/wiki/Whitey_Bulger" title="Whitey Bulger">Whitey Bulger</a> story, and Boston's <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_Gang" title="Winter Hill Gang">Winter Hill Gang</a>, which Bulger led. It earned Scorsese an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a>, and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a>. </p><p>A 2018 <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical</a> mafia film, <i><a href="/wiki/Gotti_(2018_film)" title="Gotti (2018 film)">Gotti</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Connolly_(actor)" title="Kevin Connolly (actor)">Kevin Connolly</a>, stars <a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> as John Gotti, released in June. On review aggregator <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_a_0%25_rating_on_Rotten_Tomatoes" title="List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes">holds an approval rating of 0%</a> based on 38 reviews, and an average rating of 2.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fuhgeddaboudit" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fuhgeddaboudit">Fuhgeddaboudit</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-tomatoes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomatoes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Martin Scorsese released a biographical mafia film distributed by <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irishman" title="The Irishman">The Irishman</a></i>, starring all three heavyweights in the genre, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sheeran" title="Frank Sheeran">Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a> as <a href="/wiki/Russell_Bufalino" title="Russell Bufalino">Russell Bufalino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ScorseseInterested_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScorseseInterested-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020s">2020s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Many_Saints_of_Newark" title="The Many Saints of Newark">The Many Saints of Newark</a></i> was released, as a prequel to <a href="/wiki/David_Chase" title="David Chase">David Chase</a>'s HBO New Jersey Italian mafia series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a></i>. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Taylor_(director)" title="Alan Taylor (director)">Alan Taylor</a> and produced by David Chase and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Konner" title="Lawrence Konner">Lawrence Konner</a>, the film focuses on the young future mafia boss <a href="/wiki/Tony_Soprano" title="Tony Soprano">Tony Soprano</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/1967_Newark_riots" title="1967 Newark riots">1967 Newark riots</a> as a backdrop.<sup id="cite_ref-details_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Americans">African Americans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: African Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood film</a></div> <p>Apart from telling their own tales of African American gangsters in syndicates, films like <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Caesar_(film)" title="Black Caesar (film)">Black Caesar</a></i> feature the Italian mafia prominently. Often the <a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">blaxploitation</a> films of the 1970s such as <i><a href="/wiki/Shaft_(1971_film)" title="Shaft (1971 film)">Shaft</a></i> tell the tale of African American gangsters rising up and defeating the established white criminal order.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> African Americans were under-represented in filmmaking roles during much of the 20th century. It took African American producers and directors of the 1990s like <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton" title="John Singleton">John Singleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Brothers">Hughes Brothers</a> to begin exploring the criminal lifestyle in American urban communities, telling stories of drugs, gang culture, gang violence, racism and poverty in African American communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of films from the 1990s fitting the African-American gangster genre include <i><a href="/wiki/Boyz_N_The_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyz N The Hood">Boyz N The Hood</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Menace_II_Society" title="Menace II Society">Menace II Society</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/New_Jack_City" title="New Jack City">New Jack City</a></i>. <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cocaine_and_the_cartels">Cocaine and the cartels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cocaine and the cartels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>'s 1983 remake of <i><a href="/wiki/Scarface_(1983_film)" title="Scarface (1983 film)">Scarface</a></i> stars <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> as <a href="/wiki/Tony_Montana" title="Tony Montana">Tony Montana</a>, a Cuban exile and ambitious newcomer to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> who sees an opportunity to build his own drug empire. <a href="/wiki/Abel_Ferrara" title="Abel Ferrara">Abel Ferrara</a>'s 1990 <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_New_York" title="King of New York">King of New York</a></i> tells the story of Frank White, (<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>) and his return to New York City from prison. He navigates both the traditional Italian mafia authorities as well as the new cartels, as they are producing, smuggling and distributing cocaine in an uneasy business alliance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latino_gang_films">Latino gang films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Latino gang films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Nights" title="Boulevard Nights">Boulevard Nights</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_Proud" title="Walk Proud">Walk Proud</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Suit_(film)" title="Zoot Suit (film)">Zoot Suit (film)</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Me" title="American Me">American Me</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_In_Blood_Out" title="Blood In Blood Out">Blood In Blood Out</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlito%27s_Way" title="Carlito's Way">Carlito's Way</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_Vida_Loca" title="Mi Vida Loca">Mi Vida Loca</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Family_(1995_film)" title="My Family (1995 film)">My Family (film)</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_gangster_films">French gangster films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: French gangster films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early example of the Gallic gangster film is <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur" title="Maurice Tourneur">Maurice Tourneur</a>’s 1935 film <i><a href="/wiki/Justin_de_Marseille" title="Justin de Marseille">Justin de Marseille</a></i> set in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. Tourneur's gangster-hero differentiates from his American equivalent by valuing honour, artisanship, community and solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four years before of the rise of <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>, in 1937, <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a> created <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9p%C3%A9_le_Moko" title="Pépé le Moko">Pépé le Moko</a></i>, a French gangster film in the style of <a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">poetic realism</a> that takes place in <a href="/wiki/Casbah_of_Algiers" title="Casbah of Algiers">the Casbah</a>. Its distribution in America was blocked by the US-makers of its 1938 remake <a href="/wiki/Algiers_(1938_film)" title="Algiers (1938 film)">Algiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French gangster films appeared again in the mid-1950s, most notably <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Becker" title="Jacques Becker">Jacques Becker</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Touchez_pas_au_grisbi" title="Touchez pas au grisbi">Touchez pas au grisbi</a></i>, American blacklisted filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Jules Dassin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rififi" title="Rififi">Rififi</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville" title="Jean-Pierre Melville">Jean-Pierre Melville</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Bob_le_flambeur" title="Bob le flambeur">Bob le flambeur</a></i>. Melville would directed 1967's <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Samoura%C3%AF" title="Le Samouraï">Le Samouraï</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a> as mob hitman Jef Costello.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1969 and 1970 saw the release of three successful French gangster films featuring the day's biggest French movie stars. All three films featured good looking star <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a>. In 1969, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a>, Delon, and <a href="/wiki/Lino_Ventura" title="Lino Ventura">Lino Ventura</a> starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_clan_des_siciliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Le clan des siciliens">Le clan des siciliens</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about a jewel thief and the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Mafia</a>. In 1970, <i><a href="/wiki/Borsalino_(film)" title="Borsalino (film)">Borsalino</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tale of the Italian Mafia in 1930 Marseilles, featured Delon, along with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a>. In 1970, in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cercle_Rouge" title="Le Cercle Rouge">Le Cercle Rouge</a></i>, Delon, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> team up to rob an impenetrable jewelry store. </p><p>All three of the films were domestic successes, and <i>Borsalino</i> was popular elsewhere in Europe. None of them, however, broke through in the United States. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/22_Bullets" title="22 Bullets">22 Bullets</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesrine_(2008_film)" title="Mesrine (2008 film)">Mesrine (2008 film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian-made_gangster_films">Italian-made gangster films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Italian-made gangster films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bankers_of_God:_The_Calvi_Affair" title="The Bankers of God: The Calvi Affair">The Bankers of God: The Calvi Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belluscone:_A_Sicilian_Story" title="Belluscone: A Sicilian Story">Belluscone: A Sicilian Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Family" title="The Big Family">The Big Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%B9tiful_cauntri" title="Biùtiful cauntri">Biùtiful cauntri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_City_(film)" title="Black City (film)">Black City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Turin" title="Black Turin">Black Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Ties_(1986_film)" title="Blood Ties (1986 film)">Blood Ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Boss" title="Il Boss">Il Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliber_9" title="Caliber 9">Caliber 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camorra_(1986_film)" title="Camorra (1986 film)">Camorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canne_mozze" title="Canne mozze">Canne mozze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Capo_dei_Capi" title="Il Capo dei Capi">Il Capo dei Capi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Children%27s_Story" title="A Children's Story">A Children's Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_City_Stands_Trial" title="The City Stands Trial">The City Stands Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_a_Police_Captain" title="Confessions of a Police Captain">Confessions of a Police Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Consequences_of_Love" title="The Consequences of Love">The Consequences of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraband_(1980_film)" title="Contraband (1980 film)">Contraband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corleone_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corleone (film)">Corleone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Owl_(film)" title="The Day of the Owl (film)">The Day of the Owl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Divo_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Divo (film)">Il Divo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellent_Cadavers_(film)" title="Excellent Cadavers (film)">Excellent Cadavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Apache_Napoli" title="Fort Apache Napoli">Fort Apache Napoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Corleone_to_Brooklyn" title="From Corleone to Brooklyn">From Corleone to Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_War_(1971_film)" title="Gang War (1971 film)">Gang War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_War_in_Naples" title="Gang War in Naples">Gang War in Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone_(film)" title="Giovanni Falcone (film)">Giovanni Falcone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomorrah_(film)" title="Gomorrah (film)">Gomorrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_guappi" title="I guappi">I guappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Kill_a_Judge" title="How to Kill a Judge">How to Kill a Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Corpses" title="Illustrious Corpses">Illustrious Corpses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_the_Law_(1949_film)" title="In the Name of the Law (1949 film)">In the Name of the Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Connection" title="The Italian Connection">The Italian Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Stecchino" title="Johnny Stecchino">Johnny Stecchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_Giulia_and_Other_Miracles" title="The Legendary Giulia and Other Miracles">The Legendary Giulia and Other Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_and_Red_Tomatoes" title="Mafia and Red Tomatoes">Mafia and Red Tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Connection" title="Mafia Connection">Mafia Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mafia_Kills_Only_in_Summer_(film)" title="The Mafia Kills Only in Summer (film)">The Mafia Kills Only in Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafioso_(film)" title="Mafioso (film)">Mafioso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_of_Glass" title="The Man of Glass">The Man of Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mattei_Affair" title="The Mattei Affair">The Mattei Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoli_violenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli violenta">Napoli violenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Godfathers" title="The New Godfathers">The New Godfathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_Days_in_Palermo" title="One Hundred Days in Palermo">One Hundred Days in Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_Steps" title="One Hundred Steps">One Hundred Steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palermo_Connection" title="The Palermo Connection">The Palermo Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Payoff_(1978_film)" title="The Payoff (1978 film)">The Payoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_piovra" title="La piovra">La piovra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Professor_(1986_film)" title="The Professor (1986 film)">The Professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Moon_(2001_film)" title="Red Moon (2001 film)">Red Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Repenter" title="The Repenter">The Repenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanzo_Criminale" title="Romanzo Criminale">Romanzo Criminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Giuliano_(film)" title="Salvatore Giuliano (film)">Salvatore Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Silence" title="Sacred Silence">Sacred Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_File" title="Secret File">Secret File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatanka_(film)" title="Tatanka (film)">Tatanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sicilian_Girl" title="The Sicilian Girl">The Sicilian Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sicilian_(film)" title="The Sicilian (film)">The Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_sfida" title="La sfida">La sfida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgarro_alla_camorra" title="Sgarro alla camorra">Sgarro alla camorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburra_(film)" title="Suburra (film)">Suburra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immortal_(2019_film)" title="The Immortal (2019 film)">The Immortal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Souls" title="Black Souls">Black Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turri_il_bandito" title="Turri il bandito">Turri il bandito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vento_del_sud" title="Vento del sud">Vento del sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Still_Kill_the_Old_Way_(1967_film)" title="We Still Kill the Old Way (1967 film)">We Still Kill the Old Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_Death" title="Weapons of Death">Weapons of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_Picone%3F" title="Where's Picone?">Where's Picone?</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_gangster_films">British gangster films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: British gangster films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:British_gangster_films" title="Category:British gangster films">Category:British gangster films</a></div> <p>Various British <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime drama">crime dramas</a> from the 1930s, 40s and 50s were set in the underworld with gangster or <a href="/wiki/Racketeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Racketeer">racketeer</a> character, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Night_and_the_City" title="Night and the City">Night and the City</a></i> (1950). </p><p>The 1947 adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> novel by the same name, <i><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Rock_(1947_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Rock (1947 film)">Brighton Rock</a></i>, is a stark portrayal of a young gang leader and the racketeers in Brighton. It has been recognized as one of the greatest UK films ever by the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. </p><p>The late 1960s to early 70s saw a brief boom in British gangster films, alongside <a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">spy films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">heist films</a>, mirroring similar trends in Hollywood, Italy and elsewhere. Some films from this era took a lighthearted <a href="/wiki/Crime_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime comedy">comedic approach</a> to crime stories, like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Job" title="The Italian Job">The Italian Job</a></i> (1969), while others like <i><a href="/wiki/Villain_(1971_film)" title="Villain (1971 film)">Villain</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a></i> (both 1971) had a much darker <a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">neo-noir</a> tone, a more <a href="/wiki/Fatalism" title="Fatalism">fatalistic</a> story, and a more gritty and violent portrayal of gangster life. </p><p>The early 2000s saw a resurgence of British gangster films, popularised by director <a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> ensemble caper films <i><a href="/wiki/Lock,_Stock_and_Two_Smoking_Barrels" title="Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels">Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels</a></i> (1998) and <i><a href="/wiki/Snatch_(film)" title="Snatch (film)">Snatch</a></i> (2000), and by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Beast" title="Sexy Beast">Sexy Beast</a></i> (2000). </p><p>Notable British gangster films from the 1960s onward include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robbery_(1967_film)" title="Robbery (1967 film)">Robbery</a> (1967) – a fictionalised portrayal of the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Great_Train_Robbery_(1963)" title="Great Train Robbery (1963)">Great Train Robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Job" title="The Italian Job">The Italian Job</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_(film)" title="Performance (film)">Performance</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain_(1971_film)" title="Villain (1971 film)">Villain</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Target" title="Sitting Target">Sitting Target</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Good_Friday" title="The Long Good Friday">The Long Good Friday</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hit_(1984_film)" title="The Hit (1984 film)">The Hit</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(1986_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mona Lisa (1986 film)">Mona Lisa</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Monday_(film)" title="Stormy Monday (film)">Stormy Monday</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_(1997_film)" title="Face (1997 film)">Face</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock,_Stock_and_Two_Smoking_Barrels" title="Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels">Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Boys" title="Essex Boys">Essex Boys</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_No._1" title="Gangster No. 1">Gangster No. 1</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love,_Honour_and_Obey" title="Love, Honour and Obey">Love, Honour and Obey</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Beast" title="Sexy Beast">Sexy Beast</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snatch_(film)" title="Snatch (film)">Snatch</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Sleep_When_I%27m_Dead_(2003_film)" title="I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (2003 film)">I'll Sleep When I'm Dead</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_Cake_(film)" title="Layer Cake (film)">Layer Cake</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Business_(film)" title="The Business (film)">The Business</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Very_British_Gangster" class="mw-redirect" title="A Very British Gangster">A Very British Gangster</a> (2006) – documentary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Promises" title="Eastern Promises">Eastern Promises</a> (2007) – Russian Mafia in the UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocknRolla" title="RocknRolla">RocknRolla</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Bruges" title="In Bruges">In Bruges</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man_Running" title="Dead Man Running">Dead Man Running</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Terrace" title="Down Terrace">Down Terrace</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Boulevard" title="London Boulevard">London Boulevard</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_(2011_film)" title="Wild Bill (2011 film)">Wild Bill</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wee_Man" title="The Wee Man">The Wee Man</a> (2013) – Scottish gangster film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Still_Kill_the_Old_Way_(2014_film)" title="We Still Kill the Old Way (2014 film)">We Still Kill the Old Way</a> (2014)</li></ul> <p>Films about the <a href="/wiki/Kray_Twins#In_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kray Twins">Kray Twins</a> (active in the 1950s and 60s) include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Krays_(film)" title="The Krays (film)">The Krays</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Krays" title="The Rise of the Krays">The Rise of the Krays</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(2015_film)" title="Legend (2015 film)">Legend</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Krays" title="The Fall of the Krays">The Fall of the Krays</a> (2016)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a>'s character in <i><a href="/wiki/Villain_(1971_film)" title="Villain (1971 film)">Villain</a></i> (1971) was also loosely based on <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Kray" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronnie Kray">Ronnie Kray</a>. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan_and_the_Yakuza">Japan and the Yakuza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Japan and the Yakuza"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza film</a></div> <p>The <i>ninkyo eiga</i> (chivalry films) were replaced in the late 1960s and early 1970s by a new style, pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Kinji_Fukasaku" title="Kinji Fukasaku">Kinji Fukasaku</a> and inspired by the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> and American <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> called <i>Jitsuroku eiga</i> (true record films).<sup id="cite_ref-Sharp2011_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharp2011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new style is considered to have begun with Fukasaku's <i><a href="/wiki/Battles_Without_Honor_and_Humanity" title="Battles Without Honor and Humanity">Battles Without Honor and Humanity</a></i> (1972), a violent, realistic portrayal of post-war gangs in the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>. </p><p>Prior to <i>Battles</i>, the films of <a href="/wiki/Seijun_Suzuki" title="Seijun Suzuki">Seijun Suzuki</a> had departed from the <i>ninkyo eiga</i> formula, but had met with limited commercial success. Suzuki's <i><a href="/wiki/Branded_to_Kill" title="Branded to Kill">Branded to Kill</a></i> later inspired other directors in the gangster film genre, including <a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chan-wook_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Chan-wook Park">Chan-wook Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Princess_Raccoon_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princess_Raccoon-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_cinema">Indian cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indian cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacoit_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit film">Dacoit film</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cinema">Indian cinema</a> has several genres of gangster films. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit film">Dacoit films</a>, a genre about <a href="/wiki/Dacoit" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit">dacoit</a> gangs in rural India. The genre often draws inspiration from real dacoits. Examples: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurat_(1940_film)" title="Aurat (1940 film)">Aurat</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_India" title="Mother India">Mother India</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunga_Jumna" title="Gunga Jumna">Gunga Jumna</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sholay" title="Sholay">Sholay</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bandit_Queen" title="Bandit Queen">Bandit Queen</a></i> (1994)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld films</a>, a genre about the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld">Mumbai underworld</a>, gangs hailing from the urban <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, formerly Bombay. The genre often draws inspiration from real Mumbai underworld gangsters, such as <a href="/wiki/Haji_Mastan" title="Haji Mastan">Haji Mastan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawood_Ibrahim" title="Dawood Ibrahim">Dawood Ibrahim</a> and <a href="/wiki/D-Company" title="D-Company">D-Company</a>.</li></ul> <p>Examples include: </p> <ul><li><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zanjeer_(1973_film)" title="Zanjeer (1973 film)">Zanjeer</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deewaar" title="Deewaar">Deewaar</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_(franchise)" title="Don (franchise)">Don</a></i> franchise (1978–2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nayakan" title="Nayakan">Nayakan</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salaam_Bombay!" title="Salaam Bombay!">Salaam Bombay!</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aryan_(1988_film)" title="Aryan (1988 film)">Aryan</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parinda" title="Parinda">Parinda</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_(1991_film)" title="Abhimanyu (1991 film)">Abhimanyu</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baashha_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baashha (film)">Baashha</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(1998_film)" title="Satya (1998 film)">Satya</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Company_(2002_film)" title="Company (2002 film)">Company</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(2004_film)" title="Black Friday (2004 film)">Black Friday</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a></i> is a 2008 film which is inspired by Mumbai underworld films from Indian cinema.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Mumbaai" title="Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai">Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai</a></i> (2010) and <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_ay_Time_in_Mumbai_Dobaara!" title="Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!">Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!</a></i> (2013)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gangs_of_Wasseypur_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangs of Wasseypur (film series)">Gangs of Wasseypur</a></i> is a film series which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Mafia_Raj" title="Mafia Raj">Mafia Raj</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aaranya_Kaandam" title="Aaranya Kaandam">Aaranya Kaandam</a></i> is a 2010 Tamil-language film which was based on <a href="/wiki/North_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="North Madras">North Madras</a> crimes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subramaniapuram" title="Subramaniapuram">Subramaniapuram</a></i> is a 2008 Tamil-language film Based on real life events in Madurai.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pudhupettai" title="Pudhupettai">Pudhupettai</a></i> is a 2006 Tamil-language film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Selvaraghavan" title="Selvaraghavan">Selvaraghavan</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kammatipaadam" title="Kammatipaadam">Kammatipaadam</a></i> is a 2016 Malayalam-language gangster film by <a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Ravi" title="Rajeev Ravi">Rajeev Ravi</a> about the land mafia in <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Vedha" title="Vikram Vedha">Vikram Vedha</a></i> is a 2017 Tamil-language film directed by Pushkar-Gayatri based on a folk tale <i><a href="/wiki/Baital_Pachisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baital Pachisi">Baital Pachisi</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vada_Chennai" title="Vada Chennai">Vada Chennai</a></i> is a 2018 Tamil-language film by <a href="/wiki/Vetrimaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetrimaran">Vetrimaran</a> which explores about the <a href="/wiki/North_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="North Madras">North Madras</a> people and their lifestyle in the 90s</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Om_(1995_film)" title="Om (1995 film)">Om</a></i> is a Kannada-language film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Upendra_(actor)" title="Upendra (actor)">Upendra</a> which explores <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Underworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Underworld">Bangalore Underworld</a> and mafia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ugramm" title="Ugramm">Ugramm</a></i> is a 2014 Kannada-language film which explores the underworld with world-building and revenge themes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vendhu_Thanindhathu_Kaadu" title="Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu">Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu</a></i> is a 2022 Tamil-language film by <a href="/wiki/Gautham_Vasudev_Menon" title="Gautham Vasudev Menon">Gautham Vasudev Menon</a> which revolves around an MBBS graduate turning into a gangster</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></div> <p>The Hong Kong gangster film genre began with 1986's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Tomorrow" title="A Better Tomorrow">A Better Tomorrow</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Chow_Yun_Fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chow Yun Fat">Chow Yun Fat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nochimson2007_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nochimson2007-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woo's tale of counterfeiters portrays a gangster who balances "Kung Fu honor" and the materialistic goals of the Triads.<sup id="cite_ref-Nochimson2007_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nochimson2007-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the all-time biggest grossing Hong Kong film at the box office and was critically acclaimed. Woo followed with a string of successes, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_(1989_film)" title="The Killer (1989 film)">The Killer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bullet_in_the_Head" title="Bullet in the Head">Bullet in the Head</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Boiled" title="Hard Boiled">Hard Boiled</a></i>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Tomorrow" title="A Better Tomorrow">A Better Tomorrow</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_on_Fire_(1987_film)" title="City on Fire (1987 film)">City on Fire</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_(1989_film)" title="The Killer (1989 film)">The Killer</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_Number_One_(film)" title="To Be Number One (film)">To Be Number One (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infernal_Affairs" title="Infernal Affairs">Infernal Affairs</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_cinema">Russian cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Russian cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soviet propaganda has always said that organized crime exists only in the West. With the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, people of Russia had to face the fact of what they used to previously read only in newspapers. Gang wars accompanied the formation of a free market in Russia. This decade in Russia received the name of the "Dashing 90s" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Лихие 90-е</span>, <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">translit.</a> <i>Lihie devyanostye</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Spot_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Spot-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, director <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Balabanov" title="Aleksei Balabanov">Aleksei Balabanov</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Brother_(1997_film)" title="Brother (1997 film)">Brother</a></i> which acquired cult status, and started to return interest of local people to Russian cinema, which had been in crisis since the early 1990s. In 2000 came the sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Brother_2" title="Brother 2">Brother 2</a></i>, which was even more successful. In 2001, actor <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bodrov_Jr." title="Sergei Bodrov Jr.">Sergei Bodrov Jr.</a>, who played a major role in both of those films, released <i><a href="/wiki/Sisters_(2001_film)" title="Sisters (2001 film)">Sisters</a></i>, which was his directorial debut. Other notable films of those years were <i><a href="/wiki/Antikiller" title="Antikiller">Antikiller</a></i> (2002) by Yegor Konchalovsky and <i><a href="/wiki/Tycoon_(2002_film)" title="Tycoon (2002 film)">Tycoon</a></i> (2002) by <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Lungin" title="Pavel Lungin">Pavel Lungin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Spot_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Spot-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, Pyotr Buslov, a young 26-year-old director, released <i><a href="/wiki/Bimmer_(film)" title="Bimmer (film)">Bimmer</a></i>, which instantly became a hit. This movie about four friends was made in the road movie style. In 2006, Buslov released the sequel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimmer_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimmer 2 (page does not exist)">Bimmer 2</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Бумер. Фильм второй">ru</a>]</span></i>. In 2005, Aleksei Balabanov returned to the theme of gangster cinema and filmed a black comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Bluff" title="Dead Man's Bluff">Dead Man's Bluff</a></i>. In 2010, Balabanov returned to the theme of bandits in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Stoker" title="A Stoker">The Stoker</a></i>. In 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Alien_Girl" title="The Alien Girl">The Alien Girl</a></i> was released by Anton Bormatov.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Spot_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Spot-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian television shows a lot of series about bandits, however, they are mostly of poor quality. A great success was the 2002 mini-series <i><a href="/wiki/Brigada" title="Brigada">Brigada</a></i>, which received cult status.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Spot_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Spot-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comedy_and_parodies">Comedy and parodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Comedy and parodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafia comedy">Mafia comedy</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Analyze_This" title="Analyze This">Analyze This</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Analyze_That" title="Analyze That">Analyze That</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Blue_Eyes" title="Mickey Blue Eyes">Mickey Blue Eyes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Freshman_(1990_film)" title="The Freshman (1990 film)">The Freshman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Dangerously" title="Johnny Dangerously">Johnny Dangerously</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mafia!" title="Mafia!">Mafia!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Be_a_Menace_to_South_Central_While_Drinking_Your_Juice_in_the_Hood" title="Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood">Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood</a></i> (not a Mafia film, but a hit gangster parody, by The <a href="/wiki/Wayans_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayans Brothers">Wayans Brothers</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328082541/http://www.afi.com/Docs/about/press/2008/AFI10_top_10_release_June08.pdf">"American Film Institute Brings The Best Of Hollywood Together To Celebrate "Afi'S 10 Top 10" On The Cbs Television Network, June 17, 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Los Angeles: American Film Institute. American Film Institute (AFI). 29 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/about/press/2008/AFI10_top_10_release_June08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Film+Institute+Brings+The+Best+Of+Hollywood+Together+To+Celebrate+%22Afi%27S+10+Top+10%22+On+The+Cbs+Television+Network%2C+June+17%2C+2008&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=American+Film+Institute&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F2008%2FAFI10_top_10_release_June08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cortés_117-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cortés_117_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cortés_117_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortés1987" class="citation journal cs1">Cortés, Carlos E. (1987). "Italian-Americans in Film: From Immigrants to Icons". <i>MELUS</i>. <b>14</b> (3/4): 117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F467405">10.2307/467405</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/467405">467405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MELUS&rft.atitle=Italian-Americans+in+Film%3A+From+Immigrants+to+Icons&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=117&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F467405&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F467405%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Carlos+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2010" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Tamar Jeffers (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcatwalk00mcdo_102"><i>Hollywood Catwalk: Exploring Costume and Transformation in American Film</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcatwalk00mcdo_102/page/n53">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-040-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-040-8"><bdi>978-1-84885-040-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Catwalk%3A+Exploring+Costume+and+Transformation+in+American+Film&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-040-8&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Tamar+Jeffers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhollywoodcatwalk00mcdo_102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason,_Fran2012" class="citation web cs1">Mason, Fran (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199791286/obo-9780199791286-0102.xml">"Gangster Films"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199791286-0102">10.1093/obo/9780199791286-0102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-979128-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-979128-6"><bdi>978-0-19-979128-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Gangster+Films&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199791286-0102&rft.isbn=978-0-19-979128-6&rft.au=Mason%2C+Fran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199791286%2Fobo-9780199791286-0102.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLam,_Anita2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lam, Anita (2016-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://criminology.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264079-e-149"><i>Gangsters and Genre</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264079.013.149">10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190264079" title="Special:BookSources/9780190264079"><bdi>9780190264079</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gangsters+and+Genre&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264079.013.149&rft.isbn=9780190264079&rft.au=Lam%2C+Anita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcriminology.oxfordre.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264079.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190264079-e-149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thornton2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thornton2007_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton2007" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, S.A. (30 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yhPo95wPz8QC">"5. The Yakuza Film"</a>. <i>The Japanese Period Film: A Critical Analysis</i>. McFarland. pp. 94–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3136-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3136-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-3136-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+The+Yakuza+Film&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Period+Film%3A+A+Critical+Analysis&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3136-6&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=S.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyhPo95wPz8QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Baxter, <i>The Gangster Film</i> (London: C. Tinling and Co. Ltd, 1970), p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry Christensen, <i>Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films</i> (New York: M.E. Sharp, Inc., 2006), p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christensen, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchatz2004" class="citation book cs1">Schatz, Thomas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YOasz7CE0TUC">"The New Hollywood"</a>. <i>Hollywood: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies</i>. Motion Picture Industry. Vol. I. Taylor & Francis. pp. 292–293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28132-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28132-4"><bdi>978-0-415-28132-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Hollywood&rft.btitle=Hollywood%3A+Critical+Concepts+in+Media+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.series=Motion+Picture+Industry&rft.pages=292-293&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28132-4&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYOasz7CE0TUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brando declined the Oscar in protest of Hollywood's treatment of Native Americans. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/02/27/43-years-later-native-american-activist-reflects-on-rejecting-marlon-brandos-oscar/">"43 years later, Native American activist Sacheen Littlefeather reflects on rejecting Marlon Brando's Oscar"</a>. 27 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=43+years+later%2C+Native+American+activist+Sacheen+Littlefeather+reflects+on+rejecting+Marlon+Brando%27s+Oscar&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnytlive.nytimes.com%2Fwomenintheworld%2F2016%2F02%2F27%2F43-years-later-native-american-activist-reflects-on-rejecting-marlon-brandos-oscar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoviebureau.com/article/42a978da-3280-44c3-acb0-e6cff031af0c">"Why Once Upon a Time in America is One of the Greatest Gangster Films Ever Made"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+is+One+of+the+Greatest+Gangster+Films+Ever+Made&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoviebureau.com%2Farticle%2F42a978da-3280-44c3-acb0-e6cff031af0c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073353/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/60th-winners.html">"The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners"</a>. oscars.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/60th-winners.html">the original</a> on 2014-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+60th+Academy+Awards+%281988%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.pub=oscars.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fawards%2Facademyawards%2Flegacy%2Fceremony%2F60th-winners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortés1987" class="citation journal cs1">Cortés, Carlos E. (1987). "Italian-Americans in Film: From Immigrants to Icons". <i>MELUS</i>. <b>14</b> (3/4): 118–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F467405">10.2307/467405</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/467405">467405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MELUS&rft.atitle=Italian-Americans+in+Film%3A+From+Immigrants+to+Icons&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=118-119&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F467405&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F467405%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Carlos+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tomatoes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tomatoes_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/gotti_2018">"Gotti (2018)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7541-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7541-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-7541-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6370-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6370-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-6370-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taste+of+Cinema&rft.atitle=14+Essential+Films+For+An+Introduction+To+Post-Soviet+Russian+Cinema&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft.aulast=Khazaradze&rft.aufirst=Salome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasteofcinema.com%2F2014%2F14-essential-films-for-an-introduction-to-post-soviet-russian-cinema%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BebEAji_wH4C&q=academic%20study%20of%20gangster%20film&pg=PA383">Film Study: An Analytical Bibliography, Volume 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/gangsterbib.html">Gangster, Detective, Crime, and Mystery Films: A Bibliography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Library</a></li> <li>Cortés, Carlos E. “Italian-Americans in Film: From Immigrants to Icons.” MELUS, vol. 14, no. 3/4, 1987, pp. 107–126. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/467405.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchatz2004" class="citation book cs1">Schatz, Thomas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YOasz7CE0TUC">"The New Hollywood"</a>. <i>Hollywood: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies</i>. Motion Picture Industry. Vol. I. Taylor & Francis. pp. 292–293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28132-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28132-4"><bdi>978-0-415-28132-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Hollywood&rft.btitle=Hollywood%3A+Critical+Concepts+in+Media+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.series=Motion+Picture+Industry&rft.pages=292-293&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28132-4&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYOasz7CE0TUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGangster+film" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199791286/obo-9780199791286-0102.xml">Gangster Films at oxfordbibliographies.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/7952/Govender_Poobendran_2011.pdf">Exploring the South African gangster film genre prior and post liberation: a study of Mapantsula, Hijack Stories and Jerusalema</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sota.ku.edu/cherry-picked-researcher-studies-centurys-worth-gangsters-film-tv">Researcher studies a century's worth of gangsters in film, TV – K.U. School of the Arts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uncw.edu/filmstudies/about/documents/PalmerParisCitofShadows.pdf">Paris, city of shadows: French crime cinema before the New Wave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ov2qBgAAQBAJ&q=Gangster+film">Gangster film: Glasgow's Traditional Identities (available pages: 155–158)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CThOBQAAQBAJ&q=academic+study+of+gangster+film&pg=PA5">The Gangster Film: Fatal Success in American Cinema</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/12333/Ennis_oregon_0171A_10300.pdf?sequence=1">Melodramas Of Ethnicity And Masculinity: Generic Transformations Of Late Twentieth Century American Film Gangsters by Larissa Ennis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangster_film&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gangster_films" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gangster films">Gangster films</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/crimefilms.html">Crime and Gangster Films at filmsite.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gangster-films">Gangster Films at encyclopedia.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://criminology.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264079-e-149">Gangsters and Genre at criminology.oxfordre.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calitreview.com/topics/100-greatest-gangster-films/">100 Greatest Gangster Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529104244/http://www.crimeculture.com/Contents/Articles-Spring05/Godfather.html">A Study in Ambiguity: The Godfather and the American Gangster Movie Tradition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/aug/16/french-gangster-movies">Pretty crime: French gangster movies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249919410_Russian_gangster_films_as_popular_history_genre_ideology_and_memory_in_Pavel_Lungin%27s_Tycoon">Russian gangster films as popular history: genre, ideology and memory in Pavel Lungin's Tycoon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://offscreen.com/view/hk_gangster">The Gangster as Hero in Hong Kong Cinema</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12253421m">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Films de gangsters"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12253421m">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="gangsterské filmy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1157455&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557915205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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