Fire fighting

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grid-container"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/fire">Fire</a> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Fire fighting</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> </div> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--main"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-cdd0dfde501838cc3ed84e9f236ea8821ab3462dd455b02f6d40bedf9c0998fa"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-researchers-develop-standards-help-eliminate-forever-chemicals" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-researchers-develop-standards-help-eliminate-forever-chemicals" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/09/11/thumbnail_IMG_7580.jpg?itok=jVCqJNB-" width="100" height="75" alt="Four small dark glass ampules stand on a lab table, market with skull and crossbones danger icons. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-researchers-develop-standards-help-eliminate-forever-chemicals"><span property="schema:name">NIST Researchers Develop Standards to Help Eliminate ‘Forever Chemicals’ in Firefighting Foams</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-09-18T12:00:00Z">September 18, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> These foams contain chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that have raised environmental and health concerns. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-issues-new-guidance-emergency-response-during-wildfires" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-issues-new-guidance-emergency-response-during-wildfires" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/21/OptimoTRA.png?itok=fO8CTmMr" width="100" height="73" alt="Groups of people sit or lie in a parking lot surrounded by low buildings as fires burn in the forest beyond. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-issues-new-guidance-emergency-response-during-wildfires"><span property="schema:name">NIST Issues New Guidance for Emergency Response During Wildfires</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-08-23T12:00:00Z">August 23, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Lessons learned from the 2018 Camp Fire in California include strategies for protecting lives when there is not enough time to safely evacuate all residents. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/07/ai-can-accurately-predict-potentially-fatal-cardiac-events-firefighters" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/07/ai-can-accurately-predict-potentially-fatal-cardiac-events-firefighters" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/07/07/Mary%20Carey%27s%20Research%20-%20For%20Print75-min.jpg?itok=agLG-dJL" width="100" height="64" alt="Two nurses sit next to a bed where a shirtless man lies on his back. One nurse uses a marker to make an X on the man's chest. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/07/ai-can-accurately-predict-potentially-fatal-cardiac-events-firefighters"><span property="schema:name">AI Can Accurately Predict Potentially Fatal Cardiac Events in Firefighters</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-07-11T12:00:00Z">July 11, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Training a machine-learning model with real-life data from firefighters was key. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/topic/248596">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-01c49465b27ca5e4460cad40825f8ae97f8e9b8a9be7bdebc0b82bcea096ffdf"> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/indoor-localization-and-tracking" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/indoor-localization-and-tracking" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/04/10/pda_with_trilateration_localization.jpg?itok=14cdEnY3" width="100" height="59" alt="Performance Evaluation of Indoor Localization Technologies" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/indoor-localization-and-tracking"><span>Indoor Localization and Tracking</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> This web page is simply a pointer to another page that covers the extensive research program in indoor localization and tracking at NIST. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/smart-fire-fighting" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/smart-fire-fighting" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/fire_research/nfrl/exterior-render.jpg?itok=ReK3Gdd7" width="100" height="39" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/smart-fire-fighting"><span>Smart Fire Fighting</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> In 2011, the fire departments in the United States responded to more than 484,5001 structure fires. These fires resulted in approximately 2,640 civilian </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/low-heat-release-upholstered-furniture" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/low-heat-release-upholstered-furniture" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230929051143im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/07/10/chairfire.jpg?itok=c5xuOL83" width="100" height="69" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/low-heat-release-upholstered-furniture"><span>Low Heat Release Upholstered Furniture</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> To reduce the flammability of residential upholstered furniture (RUF), the fire safety community has developed test methods and mitigation strategies based on </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/fire-research-grants-and-cooperative-agreements" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/fire-research-grants-and-cooperative-agreements"><span>Fire Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Fire Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements support extramural work to reduce the total burden of fire on the U.S. economy, which is estimated as greater </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248596">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Publications</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-38a8451bf427ea3b852341d0f78d5d80144b97be61cd46a3b6280afc541d7026"> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/towards-real-time-heart-health-monitoring-firefighting-using-convolutional-neural" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/publications/towards-real-time-heart-health-monitoring-firefighting-using-convolutional-neural"><span>Towards Real-Time Heart Health Monitoring in Firefighting Using Convolutional Neural Networks</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-06-28T12:00:00Z">June 28, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Jiajia Li</span>, <span class="nist-author">Christopher U. Brown</span>, Dillon Dzikowicz, Mary Carey, <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong Tam</span>, Michael Xuelin Huang</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> A machine learning-based heart health monitoring model, named H2M, was developed. 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) data from 112 professional firefighters was </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/explainable-machine-learning-based-flashover-prediction-model-using-dimension-wise" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/publications/explainable-machine-learning-based-flashover-prediction-model-using-dimension-wise"><span>Explainable Machine Learning Based Flashover Prediction Model Using Dimension-Wise Class Activation Map</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-06-26T12:00:00Z">June 26, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Linhao Fan, <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong Tam</span>, Qi Tong, Eugene Yujun Fu, Tianshui Liang</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> This paper presents the development of an explainable machine learning based flashover prediction model, named xFlashNet. Synthetic temperature data from more </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/real-time-flashover-prediction-model-multi-compartment-building-structures-using" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/publications/real-time-flashover-prediction-model-multi-compartment-building-structures-using"><span>Real-Time Flashover Prediction Model for Multi-Compartment Building Structures Using Attention Based Recurrent Neural Networks</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-03-17T12:00:00Z">March 17, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong Tam</span>, Eugene Yujun Fu, Jiajia Li, <span class="nist-author">Richard D. Peacock</span>, <span class="nist-author">Paul A. Reneke</span>, <span class="nist-author">Thomas Cleary</span>, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Michael Xuelin Huang</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> This paper presents the development of an attention based bi-directional gated recurrent unit model, P-Flashv2, for the prediction of potential occurrence of </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/measuring-water-flow-rate-fire-hose-using-wireless-sensor-network-smart-fire-fighting-1" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/publications/measuring-water-flow-rate-fire-hose-using-wireless-sensor-network-smart-fire-fighting-1"><span>Measuring Water Flow Rate for a Fire Hose Using a Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Fire Fighting: An Update Using Various Hose Conditions</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-26T12:00:00Z">January 26, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Christopher U. Brown</span>, <span class="nist-author">Gregory W. Vogl</span>, <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong Tam</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> A wireless sensor network was created to measure water-flow rate in a fire hose. An integrated electronic piezoelectric (IEPE) accelerometer was chosen as the </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Software</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-e6f4fe54090b76b80bf6d4ec393023acf2012d5d8faad952b15a678ddabcac45"> <div> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/fds-and-smokeview" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230929051143/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/fds-and-smokeview"><span>FDS and Smokeview</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow. 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