CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: perilaryngeal airway</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: perilaryngeal airway"> <meta name="keywords" content="perilaryngeal airway"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="perilaryngeal airway" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="perilaryngeal airway"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 108</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: perilaryngeal airway</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Effectiveness of the New Perilaryngeal Airway (CobraPLA™) in Comparison with the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA™) to Improve Airway Sealing Pressures among Obese and Overweight Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Yaghoubi">Siamak Yaghoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Abootorabi"> Mohammad Reza Abootorabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Kayalha"> Hamid Kayalha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (Cobra PLATM) for patients under general anesthesia and also compare result with the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Methods: Seventy three obese and overweight patients were included in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to either LMA or Cobra PLATM. Time required for intubation, successful intubation attempt, airway sealing pressure, the incidences of complications including blood staining, sore throat and dysphagia were assessed and noted. Results: Thirty six and thirty seven patients were allocated randomly to either LMA or Cobra PLATM, respectively. Most of the patients were male and were in Mallampati Class II airway in both groups. The first attempt and overall insertion success for the Cobra PLATM was significantly more frequent compared to the LMA (p<0.05). Tube insertion was more successful (Cobra PLATM, 94%; LMA™, 77%; P = 0.027) with the Cobra PLATM. The insertion times were similar with the Cobra PLATM and LMA™ (Cobra PLATM, 29.94±16.35s; LMA™, 27.00±7.88s). The airway sealing pressure in the Cobra PLATM (24.80±0.90 H2O) was significantly more than LMA™ (19.13 ±0.58 H2O, p<0.001). Sore throat was more frequent in the LMA™ groups that did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.33). Incidences of blood staining on airway tube were seen for both groups that was higher in the Cobra PLATM group (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.02). Incidence of dysphagia was not different between the two groups. Conclusion: The CobraPLA™ was found to be safe and low complications, better airway sealing and high rate of the first insertion success for suing in obese and overweight patients. The study recommended using the CobraPLA™ as a rescue device in an emergency situation among obese and overweight patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CobraPLA%E2%84%A2" title="CobraPLA™">CobraPLA™</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title=" flexible laryngeal mask airway"> flexible laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obese%20patients" title=" obese patients"> obese patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perilaryngeal%20airway" title=" perilaryngeal airway"> perilaryngeal airway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10146/effectiveness-of-the-new-perilaryngeal-airway-cobrapla-in-comparison-with-the-laryngeal-mask-airway-lma-to-improve-airway-sealing-pressures-among-obese-and-overweight-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Anaesthetic Management of a Huge Oropharyngeal Mass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasudha%20%20Govil">Vasudha Govil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Singhal"> Suresh Singhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Patients with oropharyngeal masses pose a challenge for an anaesthetist in terms of ventilation and tracheal intubation. Thus, preoperative assessment and preparation become an integral part of managing such anticipated difficult airway cases. Case report: A 45- year old female presented with growth in the oropharynx causing dysphagia and hoarseness of voice. Clinical examination and investigations predicted a difficult airway. It was managed with fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation with a successful perioperative outcome. Tracheostomy was kept as plan B in case of the CVCI situation. Conclusion: Careful preoperative examination and assessment is required to prepare oneself for difficult airway. Fibreoptic bronchoscope-guided nasotracheal intubation in a spontaneously breathing patient is a safe and successful airway management technique in difficult airway cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway" title="airway">airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficult" title=" difficult"> difficult</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass" title=" mass"> mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oropharyngeal" title=" oropharyngeal"> oropharyngeal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134748/anaesthetic-management-of-a-huge-oropharyngeal-mass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Effect of Threshold Configuration on Accuracy in Upper Airway Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Fahham">Saba Fahham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supak%20Ngamsom"> Supak Ngamsom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchaya%20Damrongsri"> Suchaya Damrongsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The objective is to determine the optimal threshold of Romexis software for the airway volume and minimum cross-section area (MCA) analysis using Image J as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of ten cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were collected. The airway volume and MCA of each patient were analyzed using the automatic airway segmentation function in the CBCT DICOM viewer (Romexis). Airway volume and MCA measurements were conducted on each CBCT sagittal view with fifteen different threshold values from the Romexis software, Ranging from 300 to 1000. Duplicate DICOM files, in axial view, were imported into Image J for concurrent airway volume and MCA analysis as the gold standard. The airway volume and MCA measured from Romexis and Image J were compared using a t-test with Bonferroni correction, and statistical significance was set at p<0.003. Results: Concerning airway volume, thresholds of 600 to 850 as well as 1000, exhibited results that were not significantly distinct from those obtained through Image J. Regarding MCA, employing thresholds from 400 to 850 within Romexis Viewer showed no variance from Image J. Notably, within the threshold range of 600 to 850, there were no statistically significant differences observed in both airway volume and MCA analyses, in comparison to Image J. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the utilization of Planmeca Romexis Viewer 6.4.3.3 within threshold range of 600 to 850 yields airway volume and MCA measurements that exhibit no statistically significant variance in comparison to measurements obtained through Image J. This outcome holds implications for diagnosing upper airway obstructions and post-orthodontic surgical monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20analysis" title="airway analysis">airway analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20segmentation" title=" airway segmentation"> airway segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20beam%20computed%20tomography" title=" cone beam computed tomography"> cone beam computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title=" threshold"> threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082/effect-of-threshold-configuration-on-accuracy-in-upper-airway-analysis-using-cone-beam-computed-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Anaesthetic Management of Retropharyngeal Abscess in a Child</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudha%20Puhal">Sudha Puhal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr%20Rajmala%20Jaiswal"> Dr Rajmala Jaiswal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Retropharyngeal abscess occurs most commonly in children following acute upper respiratory tract and ear infection. Airway management in retropharyngeal abscess is an anesthetic challenge due to distortion of airway anatomy and the possibility of spontaneous rupture of abscess leading to aspiration or stridor due to laryngeal edema.. In this report we present a case of retropharyngeal abscess in a child, which was drained under general anaesthesia successfully without any complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abscess" title="abscess">abscess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway" title=" airway"> airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficult" title=" difficult"> difficult</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retropharyngeal" title=" retropharyngeal"> retropharyngeal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134792/anaesthetic-management-of-retropharyngeal-abscess-in-a-child" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Basic Airway Management Workshop: An Interactive Session for Fourth Year Medical Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Sharma">Anju Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Airway manoeuvres and the usage of adjuncts are widely taught in UK medical schools. However, it has been observed that even students with recent teaching were often indecisive about their use or unable to demonstrate skills correctly in simulated settings. As such, there are concerns that medical students feel unprepared when entering clinical environments. This reinforces the need for supportive education amongst core teaching to encourage key learning. A workshop was delivered to fourth year medical students (group size 8-16) prior to their Critical Care placement and led by the Clinical Teaching Fellow team. It aimed to leave students with a sustainable improvement in knowledge and skills, by focusing on the background anatomy and physiology of airway obstruction, and decision-making when faced with airway issues. This was achieved by an initial interactive lecture, followed by an airway management game involving matching airway skill cards to patients’ pictures within cases, and supplemented with a facilitated group discussion and reflection. Qualitative surveys were used for medical students to self-assess their confidence and competences, with 66% confident in recognising airway compromise, whereas post-session 100% agreed. Comparatively, 27% felt confident initiating an arrest call, 60% could recall common signs of airway compromise and 27% understood when to utilise airway adjuncts. Post-workshop, these statements had results of 75%, 100% and 100% respectively, demonstrating a vast improvement. Students’ knowledge also improved from 47% to 92% when naming three signs of airway compromise. Qualitative feedback demonstrated that students felt more empowered when recognising airway complications, escalating appropriately, and using clinical skills. Pre-session results demonstrated that students feel a lack of confidence and empowerment when dealing with airway issues, despite prior teaching. This highlights the need for supplementary sessions that go beyond simple psychomotor skills but include nuanced discussion on decision making. This near-peer, gamified workshop improved students' knowledge and skills, helping to prepare them for emergencies in the clinical environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjuncts" title="adjuncts">adjuncts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway" title=" airway"> airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manoeuvres" title=" manoeuvres"> manoeuvres</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198694/basic-airway-management-workshop-an-interactive-session-for-fourth-year-medical-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Airway Resistance Evaluation by Respiratory İnductive Plethysmography in Subjects with Airway Obstructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Laouani">Aicha Laouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Rouatbi"> Sonia Rouatbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20%20Saguem"> Saad Saguem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gila%20Benchetrit"> Gila Benchetrit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20calabrese"> Pascale calabrese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new approach based on respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) signal analysis has been used for bronchoconstriction changes evaluation in 50 healthy controls and in 44 adults with moderate bronchial obstruction treated with a bronchodilatation protocol. Thoracic and abdominal motions were recorded ( 5 min) by RIP. For each recording the thoracoabdominal signals were analysed and a mean distance (D) was calculated. Airway resistance (Raw) and spirometric data were measured with a body plethysmograph. The results showed that both D and Raw were higher in subjects compared to the healthy group. Significant decreases of D and Raw were also observed after bronchodilatation in the obstructive group. There was also a positive and a significant correlation between D and Raw in subjects before and after bronchodilatation. This D calculated from RIP Signals could be used as a non invasive tool for continuous monitoring of bronchoconstriction changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20resistance" title="airway resistance">airway resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchoconstriction" title=" bronchoconstriction"> bronchoconstriction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thorax" title=" thorax"> thorax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20inductive%20plethysmography" title=" respiratory inductive plethysmography"> respiratory inductive plethysmography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40110/airway-resistance-evaluation-by-respiratory-inductive-plethysmography-in-subjects-with-airway-obstructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Strategies For Management Of Massive Intraoperative Airway Haemorrhage Complicating Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Bayfield">Nicholas Bayfield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liam%20Bibo"> Liam Bibo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushelandra%20Rathore"> Kaushelandra Rathore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Sanders"> Lucas Sanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Newman"> Mark Newman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> INTRODUCTION: Surgical pulmonary embolectomy is an established therapy for acute pulmonary embolism causing right heart dysfunction and haemodynamic instability. Massive intraoperative airway haemorrhage is a rare complication of pulmonary embolectomy. We present our institutional experience with massive airway haemorrhage complicating pulmonary embolectomy and discuss optimal therapeutic strategies. METHODS: A retrospective review of emergent surgical pulmonary embolectomy patients was undertaken. Cases complicated by massive intra-operative airway haemorrhage were identified. Intra- and peri-operative management strategies were analysed and discussed. RESULTS: Of 76 patients undergoing emergent or salvage pulmonary embolectomy, three cases (3.9%) of massive intraoperative airway haemorrhage were identified. Haemorrhage always began on weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Successful management strategies involved intraoperative isolation of the side of bleeding, occluding the affected airway with an endobronchial blocker, institution of veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and reversal of anticoagulation. Running the ECMO without heparinisation allows coagulation to occur. Airway haemorrhage was controlled within 24 hours of operation in all patients, allowing re-institution of dual lung ventilation and decannulation from ECMO. One case in which positive end-expiratory airway pressure was trialled initially was complicated by air embolism. Although airway haemorrhage was controlled successfully in all cases, all patients died in-hospital for reasons unrelated to the airway haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Massive intraoperative airway haemorrhage during pulmonary embolectomy is a rare complication with potentially catastrophic outcomes. Re-perfusion alveolar and capillary injury is the likely aetiology. With a systematic approach to management, airway haemorrhage can be well controlled intra-operatively and often resolves within 24 hours. Stopping blood flow to the pulmonary arteries and support of oxygenation by the institution of VA ECMO is important. This management has been successful in our 3 cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20embolectomy" title="pulmonary embolectomy">pulmonary embolectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiopulmonary%20bypass" title=" cardiopulmonary bypass"> cardiopulmonary bypass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20surgery" title=" cardiac surgery"> cardiac surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20embolism" title=" pulmonary embolism"> pulmonary embolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142008/strategies-for-management-of-massive-intraoperative-airway-haemorrhage-complicating-surgical-pulmonary-embolectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Heterogenous Dimensional Super Resolution of 3D CT Scans Using Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Zhang">Helen Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate segmentation of the airways from CT scans is crucial for early diagnosis of lung cancer. However, the existing airway segmentation algorithms often rely on thin-slice CT scans, which can be inconvenient and costly. This paper presents a set of machine learning-based 3D super-resolution algorithms along heterogeneous dimensions to improve the resolution of thicker CT scans to reduce the reliance on thin-slice scans. To evaluate the efficacy of the super-resolution algorithms, quantitative assessments using PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural SIMilarity index) were performed. The impact of super-resolution on airway segmentation accuracy is also studied. The proposed approach has the potential to make airway segmentation more accessible and affordable, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20super-resolution" title="3D super-resolution">3D super-resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20segmentation" title=" airway segmentation"> airway segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-slice%20CT%20scans" title=" thin-slice CT scans"> thin-slice CT scans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163912/heterogenous-dimensional-super-resolution-of-3d-ct-scans-using-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> The Impact of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Tight Junction Proteins on Nose and Lung in a Mouse Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Byeong-Gon">Kim Byeong-Gon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Pureun-Haneul"> Lee Pureun-Haneul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Jisu"> Hong Jisu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang%20An-Soo"> Jang An-Soo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) lead to trigger airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway dysfunction or inflammation in respiratory systems. Whether tight junction protein changes can contribute to development or exacerbations of airway diseases remain to be clarified. Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of DEP on tight junction proteins in one airway both nose and lung in a mouse model. Methods: Mice were treated with saline (Sham) and exposed to 100 μg/m³ DEPs 1 hour a day for 5 days a week for 4 weeks and 8 weeks in a closed-system chamber attached to a ultrasonic nebulizer. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, nasal lavage (NAL) fluid, lung and nasal tissue was collected. The effects of DEP on tight junction proteins were estimated using western blot, immunohistochemical in lung and nasal tissue. Results: Airway hyperresponsiveness and number of inflammatory cells were higher in DEP exposure group than in control group, and were higher in 4 and 8 weeks model than in control group. The expression of tight junction proteins CLND4, -5, and -17 in both lung and nasal tissue were significantly increased in DEP exposure group than in the control group. Conclusion: These results suggesting that CLDN4, -5 and -17 may be involved in the airway both nose and lung, suggesting that air pollutants cause to disruption of epithelial and endothelial cell barriers. Acknowledgment: This research was supported by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as 'The Environmental Health Action Program' (2016001360009) and Soonchunhyang University Research Fund. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20exhaust%20particles" title="diesel exhaust particles">diesel exhaust particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollutant" title=" air pollutant"> air pollutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tight%20junction" title=" tight junction"> tight junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudin" title=" Claudin"> Claudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Airway%20inflammation" title=" Airway inflammation"> Airway inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98402/the-impact-of-diesel-exhaust-particles-on-tight-junction-proteins-on-nose-and-lung-in-a-mouse-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Statistical Shape Analysis of the Human Upper Airway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkumar%20Gunasekaran">Ramkumar Gunasekaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Cater"> John Cater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Suresh"> Vinod Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haribalan%20Kumar"> Haribalan Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this project is to develop a statistical shape model using principal component analysis that could be used for analyzing the shape of the human airway. The ultimate goal of this project is to identify geometric risk factors for diagnosis and management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). Anonymous CBCT scans of 25 individuals were obtained from the Otago Radiology Group. The airways were segmented between the hard-palate and the aryepiglottic fold using snake active contour segmentation. The point data cloud of the segmented images was then fitted with a bi-cubic mesh, and pseudo landmarks were placed to perform PCA on the segmented airway to analyze the shape of the airway and to find the relationship between the shape and OSA risk factors. From the PCA results, the first four modes of variation were found to be significant. Mode 1 was interpreted to be the overall length of the airway, Mode 2 was related to the anterior-posterior width of the retroglossal region, Mode 3 was related to the lateral dimension of the oropharyngeal region and Mode 4 was related to the anterior-posterior width of the oropharyngeal region. All these regions are subjected to the risk factors of OSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20imaging" title="medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%2FBEM" title=" FEM/BEM"> FEM/BEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modelling" title=" statistical modelling"> statistical modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83934/statistical-shape-analysis-of-the-human-upper-airway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Limited Ventilation Efficacy of Prehospital I-Gel Insertion in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunhye%20Cho">Eunhye Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Hoon%20Kim"> Hyuk-Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sieun%20Lee"> Sieun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjung%20Kathy%20Chae"> Minjung Kathy Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: I-gel is a commonly used supraglottic advanced airway device in prehospital out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) allowing for minimal interruption of continuous chest compression. However, previous studies have shown that prehospital supraglottic airway had inferior neurologic outcomes and survival compared to no advanced prehospital airway with conventional bag mask ventilation. We hypothesize that continuous compression with i-gel as an advanced airway may cause insufficient ventilation compared to 30:2 chest compression with conventional BVM. Therefore, we investigated the ventilation efficacy of i-gel with the initial arterial blood gas analysis in OHCA patients visiting our ER. Material and Method: Demographics, arrest parameters including i-gel insertion, initial arterial blood gas analysis was retrospectively analysed for 119 transported OHCA patients that visited our ER. Linear regression was done to investigate the association with i-gel insertion and initial pCO2 as a surrogate of prehospital ventilation. Result: A total of 52 patients were analysed for the study. Of the patients who visited the ER during OHCA, 24 patients had i-gel insertion and 28 patients had BVM as airway management in the prehospital phase. Prehospital i-gel insertion was associated with the initial pCO2 level (B coefficient 29.9, SE 10.1, p<0.01) after adjusting for bystander CPR, cardiogenic cause of arrest, EMS call to arrival. Conclusion: Despite many limitations to the study, prehospital insertion of i-gel was associated with high initial pCO2 values in OHCA patients visiting our ER, possibly indicating insufficient ventilation with prehospital i-gel as an advanced airway and continuous chest compressions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrest" title="arrest">arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-gel" title=" I-gel"> I-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prehospital" title=" prehospital"> prehospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59465/limited-ventilation-efficacy-of-prehospital-i-gel-insertion-in-out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Adequacy of Second-Generation Laryngeal Mask Airway during Prolonged Abdominal Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhee%20Park">Sukhee Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaab%20Soo%20Kim"> Gaab Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the adequacy of second-generation laryngeal mask airway use during prolonged abdominal surgery in respect of ventilation, oxygenation, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), and postoperative non-pulmonary complications on living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) surgery. Methods: In total, 257 recipients who underwent LDKT using either laryngeal mask airway-ProSeal (LMA-P) or endotracheal tube (ETT) were retrospectively analyzed. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 and ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen (PFR) during surgery were compared between two groups. In addition, PPC including pulmonary aspiration and postoperative non-pulmonary complications including nausea, vomiting, hoarseness, vocal cord palsy, delirium, and atrial fibrillation were also compared. Results: PaCO2 and PFR during surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. PPC was also not significantly different between the two groups. Interestingly, the incidence of delirium was significantly lower in the LMA-P group than the ETT group (3.0% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.029). Conclusions: During prolonged abdominal surgery such as LDKT, second-generation laryngeal mask airway offers adequate ventilation and oxygenation and can be considered a suitable alternative to ETT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title="laryngeal mask airway">laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prolonged%20abdominal%20surgery" title=" prolonged abdominal surgery"> prolonged abdominal surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20transplantation" title=" kidney transplantation"> kidney transplantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20pulmonary%20complication" title=" postoperative pulmonary complication"> postoperative pulmonary complication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100086/adequacy-of-second-generation-laryngeal-mask-airway-during-prolonged-abdominal-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Use of Beta Blockers in Patients with Reactive Airway Disease and Concomitant Hypertension or Ischemic Heart Disease </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Chogtu%20Magazine">Bharti Chogtu Magazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhanya%20Soodana%20Mohan"> Dhanya Soodana Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Nair"> Shruti Nair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanwi%20Trushna"> Tanwi Trushna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was undertaken to analyse the cardiovascular drugs being prescribed in patients with concomitant reactive airway disease and hypertension or ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Also, the effect of beta-blockers on respiratory symptoms in these patients was recorded. Data was collected from medical records of patients with reactive airway disease and concomitant hypertension and IHD. It included demographic details of the patients, diagnosis, drugs prescribed and the patient outcome regarding the exacerbation of asthma symptoms with intake of beta blockers. Medical records of 250 patients were analysed.13% of patients were prescribed beta-blockers. 12% of hypertensive patients, 16.6% of IHD patients and 20% of patients with concomitant hypertension and IHD were prescribed beta blockers. Of the 33 (13%) patients who were on beta-blockers, only 3 patients had an exacerbation of bronchial asthma symptoms. Cardioselective beta-blockers under supervision appear to be safe in patients with reactive airway disease and concomitant hypertension and IHD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta%20blockers" title="beta blockers">beta blockers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20heart%20disease" title=" ischemic heart disease"> ischemic heart disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title=" asthma"> asthma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1343/use-of-beta-blockers-in-patients-with-reactive-airway-disease-and-concomitant-hypertension-or-ischemic-heart-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Immunomodulation by Interleukin-10 Therapy in Mouse Airway Transplantation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammaad%20Afzal%20Khan">Mohammaad Afzal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Abdulmalik%20Ashoor"> Ghazi Abdulmalik Ashoor </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20Alanazi"> Fatimah Alanazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Shamma"> Talal Shamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Altuhami"> Abdullah Altuhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Abdalrahman%20Ahmed"> Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Mohammed%20Assiri"> Abdullah Mohammed Assiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dieter%20Clemens%20Broering"> Dieter Clemens Broering</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microvascular injuries during inflammation are key causes of transplant malfunctioning and permanent failure, which play a major role in the development of chronic rejection of the transplanted organ. Inflammation-induced microvascular loss is a promising area to investigate the decisive roles of regulatory and effector responses. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of IL-10 on immunotolerance, in particular, the microenvironment of the allograft during rejection. Here, we investigated the effects of IL-10 blockade/ reconstitution and serially monitored regulatory T cells (Tregs), graft microvasculature, and airway epithelium in rejecting airway transplants. We demonstrated that the blocking/reconstitution of IL-10 significantly modulates CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs, microvasculature, and airway epithelium during rejection. Our findings further highlighted that blockade of IL-10 upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-15, and IL-23, but suppressed IL-5 secretion during rejection; however, reconstitution of IL-10 significantly upregulated CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs, tissue oxygenation/blood flow and airway repair. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a potential reparative modulation of IL-10 during microvascular and epithelial repair, which could provide a vital therapeutic window to rejecting transplants in clinical practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin%20-10" title="interleukin -10">interleukin -10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20T%20cells" title=" regulatory T cells"> regulatory T cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allograft%20rejection" title=" allograft rejection"> allograft rejection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotolerance" title=" immunotolerance"> immunotolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114156/immunomodulation-by-interleukin-10-therapy-in-mouse-airway-transplantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Study for a Non-Invasive Method of Respiratory Resistance Measurement among Patients with Airways Obstructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Laouani">Aicha Laouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Calabrese"> Pascale Calabrese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Rouatbi"> Sonia Rouatbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Saguem"> Saad Saguem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distances between signals (S d) and between asters (A d) calculated from respiratory inductive plethysmography signals has been used in order to evaluation airways resistances (Raw) during reversibility test among 28 subject with airways obstructions. Correlations studies between these distances and Raw measured by body plethysmography (BP) showed that these RIP variables could be potentially used in airway resistance assessment in patients with airway obstruction. Significant correlation was found between ΔAd and airway resistance changes (ΔRaw) (r= 0.407, p=0.03) and not between ΔSd and ΔRaw. This assumption was supported by the high correlations found when relating the average of ΔS and of ΔA calculated on successive intervals of ΔRaw, with the ΔRaw averages calculated for each interval (r= 0.892, p= 0.006 and r= 0.857, p=0.006 respectively). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airways%20obstruction" title="airways obstruction">airways obstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distances" title=" distances"> distances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20inductive%20plethysmography" title=" respiratory inductive plethysmography"> respiratory inductive plethysmography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversibility%20test" title=" reversibility test "> reversibility test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11007/study-for-a-non-invasive-method-of-respiratory-resistance-measurement-among-patients-with-airways-obstructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Comparison of Remifentanil EC50 for Facilitating I-Gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion with Propofol Anesthesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Bum%20Choi"> Jong Bum Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Each supraglottic airway requires different anesthetic depth because it has a specific structure and different compressive force in the oropharyngeal cavity. We designed the study to investigate remifentanil effect-site concentration (Ce) in 50% of patients (EC50) for successful insertion of i- gel, and to compare it with that for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion during propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI). Methods: Forty-one female patients were randomized to the i-gel group (n=20) or the LMA group (n=21). Anesthesia induction was performed using propofol Ce of 5 μg/ml and the predetermined remifentanil Ce, and i-gel or LMA insertion was attempted 5 min later. The remifentanil Ce was estimated by modified Dixon's up-and-down method (initial concentration: 3.0 ng/ml, step size: 0.5 ng/ml). The patient’s response to device insertion was classified as either ‘success (no movement)’ or ‘failure (movement)’. Results: Using the Dixon’s up and down method, EC50 of remifentanil Ce for i-gel (1.58 ± 0.41 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that for LMA (2.25 ± 0.55 ng/ml) (p=0.038). Using isotonic regression, EC50 (83% CI) of remifentanil in the i-gel group [1.50 (1.37-1.80) ng/ml] was statistically lower than that in the LMA group [2.00 (1.82-2.34) ng/ml]. EC95 (95% CI) of remifentanil in the i-gel group [2.38 (1.48-2.50) ng/ml] was statistically lower than that in the LMA group [3.35 (2.58-3.48) ng/ml]. Conclusion: We found that EC50 of remifentanil Ce for i-gel insertion (1.58 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that for LMA insertion (2.25 ng/ml), in female patients during propofol TCI without neuromuscular blockade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=i-gel" title="i-gel">i-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title=" laryngeal mask airway"> laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propofol" title=" propofol"> propofol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remifentanil" title=" remifentanil"> remifentanil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42987/comparison-of-remifentanil-ec50-for-facilitating-i-gel-and-laryngeal-mask-airway-insertion-with-propofol-anesthesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> A Data-Driven Platform for Studying the Liquid Plug Splitting Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Atefi">Ehsan Atefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Grigware"> Michael Grigware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory failure secondary to surfactant deficiency resulting from respiratory distress syndrome is considered one major cause of morbidity in preterm infants. Surfactant replacement treatment (SRT) is considered an effective treatment for this disease. Here, we introduce an AI-mediated approach for estimating the distribution of surfactant in the lung airway of a newborn infant during SRT. Our approach implements machine learning to precisely estimate the splitting ratio of a liquid drop during bifurcation at different injection velocities and patient orientations. This technique can be used to calculate the surfactant residue remaining on the airway wall during the surfactant injection process. Our model works by minimizing the pressure drop difference between the two airway branches at each generation, subject to mass and momentum conservation. Our platform can be used to generate feedback for immediately adjusting the velocity of injection and patient orientation during SRT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20failure" title="respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20deficiency" title=" surfactant deficiency"> surfactant deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20replacement" title=" surfactant replacement"> surfactant replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157123/a-data-driven-platform-for-studying-the-liquid-plug-splitting-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Immune Response Induced in Lungs by Intranasal Immunization with Mycobacterium indicus pranii</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananya%20Gupta">Ananya Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangeeta%20Bhaskar"> Sangeeta Bhaskar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) is a saprophytic mycobacterium. It is a predecessor of M. avium complex (MAC). Whole genome analysis and growth kinetics studies have placed MIP in between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. It shares significant antigenic repertoire with M. tuberculosis and have unique immunomodulatory properties. MIP provides better protection than BCG against pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models. Immunization with MIP by aerosol route provides significantly higher protection as compared to immunization by subcutaneous (s.c.) route. However, mechanism behind differential protection has not been studied. In this study, using mice model we have evaluated and compared the M.tb specific immune response in lung compartments (airway lumen / lung interstitium) as well as spleen following MIP immunization via nasal (i.n.) and s.c. route. MIP i.n. vaccination resulted in increased seeding of memory T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells) in the airway lumen. Frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 migratory marker (CXCR3) and activation marker (CD69) were also high in airway lumen of MIP i.n. group. Significantly high ex vivo secretion of cytokines- IFN-, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF- from cells of airway luminal spaces provides evidence of antigen-specific lung immune response, besides generating systemic immunity comparable to MIP s.c. group. Analysis of T cell response on per cell basis revealed that antigen specific T-cells of MIP i.n. group were functionally superior as higher percentage of these cells simultaneously secreted IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha cytokines as compared to MIP s.c. group. T-cells secreting more than one of the cytokines simultaneously are believed to have robust effector response and crucial for protection, compared with single cytokine secreting T-cells. Adoptive transfer of airway luminal T-cells from MIP i.n. group into trachea of naive B6 mice revealed that MIP induced CD8 T-cells play crucial role in providing long term protection. Thus the study demonstrates that MIP intranasal vaccination induces M.tb specific memory T-cells in the airway lumen that results in an early and robust recall response against M.tb infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20lumen" title="airway lumen">airway lumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobacterium%20indicus%20pranii" title=" Mycobacterium indicus pranii"> Mycobacterium indicus pranii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Th1%20migratory%20markers" title=" Th1 migratory markers"> Th1 migratory markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84568/analysis-of-anti-tuberculosis-immune-response-induced-in-lungs-by-intranasal-immunization-with-mycobacterium-indicus-pranii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Evaluation of the Use of Proseal LMA in Patients Undergoing Elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section under General Anaesthesia: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalini%20Saini">Shalini Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharmila%20Ahuja"> Sharmila Ahuja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaesthesia for caesarean section poses challenges unique to the obstetric patient due to changes in the airway and respiratory system. The choice of anaesthesia for caesarean section depends on various factors however general anaesthesia (GA) is necessary for certain situations. Supraglottic airway devices are an emerging method to secure airway, especially in difficult situations. Of these devices, proseal –LMA (PLMA) is designed to provide better protection of the airway. The use of PLMA has been reported successfully as a rescue device in difficult intubation situations and in patients undergoing elective caesarean section without any complications. The study was prospective and randomised and was designed to compare PLMA in patients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with the endotracheal tube (ETT). Patients undergoing LSCS under GA belonging to ASA grade 1 and 2 were included. Patients with the history of fewer than 6 hrs of fasting, known/predicted difficult airway, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertensive disorder were excluded. A standard anaesthesia protocol was followed. All patients received aspiration prophylaxis. The airway was secured with either PLMA or ETT. Parameters noted were- ease of insertion, adequacy of ventilation, hemodynamic changes at insertion and removal of device, incidence of regurgitation and aspiration. Data was analysed by unpaired t- test, Chi-square /Fisher’s test. The findings of our study indicated that PLMA was easy to insert (20.67±6.835 sec) with comparable insertion time to TT (18.33 ± 4.971, p 0.136) and adequate ventilation was achieved with very minimal hemodynamic changes seen with PLMA as compared to ETT at insertion and removal of devices (p 0.01). There was no incidence of regurgitation with the use of PLMA. The incidence of a postoperative sore throat was minimal (6.7%) with PLMA (p<0.05). PLMA appears to be a safe alternative to ETT for selected obstetric patients undergoing elective LSCS. Further study with a larger group of patients is required to establish the safety of PLMA in obstetric patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caesarean%20section" title="caesarean section">caesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20anaesthesia" title=" general anaesthesia"> general anaesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proseal%20LMA" title=" proseal LMA"> proseal LMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endotracheal%20tube" title=" endotracheal tube "> endotracheal tube </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36817/evaluation-of-the-use-of-proseal-lma-in-patients-undergoing-elective-lower-segment-caesarean-section-under-general-anaesthesia-a-prospective-randomised-controlled-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Toward Automatic Chest CT Image Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angely%20Sim%20Jia%20Wun">Angely Sim Jia Wun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasa%20Arsovski"> Sasa Arsovski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous studies have been conducted on the segmentation of medical images. Segmenting the lungs is one of the common research topics in those studies. Our research stemmed from the lack of solutions for automatic bone, airway, and vessel segmentation, despite the existence of multiple lung segmentation techniques. Consequently, currently, available software tools used for medical image segmentation do not provide automatic lung, bone, airway, and vessel segmentation. This paper presents segmentation techniques along with an interactive software tool architecture for segmenting bone, lung, airway, and vessel tissues. Additionally, we propose a method for creating binary masks from automatically generated segments. The key contribution of our approach is the technique for automatic image thresholding using adjustable Hounsfield values and binary mask extraction. Generated binary masks can be successfully used as a training dataset for deep-learning solutions in medical image segmentation. In this paper, we also examine the current software tools used for medical image segmentation, discuss our approach, and identify its advantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20segmentation" title="lung segmentation">lung segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20masks" title=" binary masks"> binary masks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-Net" title=" U-Net"> U-Net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20software%20tools" title=" medical software tools"> medical software tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168342/toward-automatic-chest-ct-image-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> A Natural Killer T Cell Subset That Protects against Airway Hyperreactivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Ting%20Chuang">Ya-Ting Chuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krystle%20Leung"> Krystle Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Jen%20Chang"> Ya-Jen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosemarie%20H.%20DeKruyff"> Rosemarie H. DeKruyff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20B.%20Savage"> Paul B. Savage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Cruse"> Richard Cruse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Benoit"> Christophe Benoit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirk%20Elewaut"> Dirk Elewaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Baumgarth"> Nicole Baumgarth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dale%20T.%20Umetsu"> Dale T. Umetsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examined characteristics of a Natural Killer T (NKT) cell subpopulation that developed during influenza infection in neonatal mice, and that suppressed the subsequent development of allergic asthma in a mouse model. This NKT cell subset expressed CD38 but not CD4, produced IFN-γ, but not IL-17, IL-4 or IL-13, and inhibited the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) through contact-dependent suppressive activity against helper CD4 T cells. The NKT subset expanded in the lungs of neonatal mice after infection with influenza, but also after treatment of neonatal mice with a Th1-biasing α-GalCer glycolipid analogue, Nu-α-GalCer. These results suggest that early/neonatal exposure to infection or to antigenic challenge can affect subsequent lung immunity by altering the profile of cells residing in the lung and that some subsets of NKT cells can have direct inhibitory activity against CD4+ T cells in allergic asthma. Importantly, our results also suggest a potential therapy for young children that might provide protection against the development of asthma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NKT%20subset" title="NKT subset">NKT subset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title=" asthma"> asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20hyperreactivity" title=" airway hyperreactivity"> airway hyperreactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20hypothesis" title=" hygiene hypothesis"> hygiene hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title=" influenza"> influenza</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80053/a-natural-killer-t-cell-subset-that-protects-against-airway-hyperreactivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Awake Fiberoptic Intubation for Airway Management in a Patient with an Ulceroproliferative Mass of the Aryepiglottic Fold Obscuring Glottic Opening</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dielle%20Martins">Dielle Martins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 45-year-old female, Manju Devi, presented with a 6-month history of progressively changing voice, difficulty breathing for the past month, and worsening dysphagia for the past two weeks, particularly with solids. Direct laryngoscopy revealed an ulceroproliferative mass arising from the left aryepiglottic fold, obscuring the glottic opening. Imaging with contrast-enhanced CT of the neck showed a lobulated, heterogeneous mass in the hypo-pharyngeal region, encroaching into the airway and involving the aryepiglottic fold and pyriform sinus, raising concerns for a malignant lesion. Small reactive lymph nodes were identified in the left submandibular region and along the carotid sheath. Due to the location of the mass near the glottis and the risk of complete airway obstruction, securing the airway was a critical concern. An awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy for endotracheal intubation was chosen as the safest approach. The patient was prepped with local anesthesia to the airway using nebulized 10% lignocaine and 4% lignocaine spray to the oral mucosa. After obtaining informed consent, the patient was positioned supine on the operating table. To facilitate the fiberoptic intubation, the patient’s neck was extended, and the head was laterally rotated 30 degrees to the left. This positioning helped optimize the visualization of the glottic opening, which was obscured by the mass. The fiberoptic scope was carefully passed through the oral cavity, past the uvula, and into the laryngeal area. As the scope advanced, the ulceroproliferative mass was observed covering most of the glottis, with only the anterior commissure visible. After further gentle manipulation, including the use of a shoulder roll for additional neck extension and rotation, a clearer view of the anterior two-thirds of the glottis was achieved. A 6.5mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was advanced over the fiberoptic scope and successfully positioned just above the carina. General anesthesia was then induced, and an excision biopsy of the growth was performed. This case underscores the importance of careful preoperative airway evaluation and the role of awake fiberoptic intubation in managing complex airway obstructions. Proper patient positioning, including neck extension and lateral rotation, proved crucial for successful intubation in the presence of a mass obstructing the glottic opening. This case emphasizes the techniques used in the fiberoptic intubation and the careful positioning of the patient, which were critical for the success of the procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awake%20fiberoptic%20bronchoscopy%20in%20laryngeal%20growth" title="awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy in laryngeal growth">awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy in laryngeal growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Difficult%20intubation%20in%20glottic%20cancer" title=" Difficult intubation in glottic cancer"> Difficult intubation in glottic cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glottic%20cancer" title=" glottic cancer"> glottic cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficult%20airway" title=" difficult airway"> difficult airway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196385/awake-fiberoptic-intubation-for-airway-management-in-a-patient-with-an-ulceroproliferative-mass-of-the-aryepiglottic-fold-obscuring-glottic-opening" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Antigen Stasis can Predispose Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) Patients to Asthma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadzeya%20Marozkina">Nadzeya Marozkina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joe%20Zein"> Joe Zein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Gaston"> Benjamin Gaston</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: We have observed that many patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) benefit from asthma medications. In healthy airways, the ciliary function is normal. Antigens and irritants are rapidly cleared, and NO enters the gas phase normally to be exhaled. In the PCD airways, however, antigens, such as Dermatophagoides, are not as well cleared. This defect leads to oxidative stress, marked by increased DUOX1 expression and decreased superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity (manuscript under revision). H₂O₂, in high concentrations in the PCD airway, injures the airway. NO is oxidized rather than being exhaled, forming cytotoxic peroxynitrous acid. Thus, antigen stasis on PCD airway epithelium leads to airway injury and may predispose PCD patients to asthma. Indeed, recent population genetics suggest that PCD genes may be associated with asthma. We therefore hypothesized that PCD patients would be predisposed to having asthma. Methods. We analyzed our database of 18 million individual electronic medical records (EMRs) in the Indiana Network for Patient Care research database (INPCR). There is not an ICD10 code for PCD itself; code Q34.8 is most commonly used clinically. To validate analysis of this code, we queried patients who had an ICD10 code for both bronchiectasis and situs inversus totalis in INPCR. We also studied a validation cohort using the IBM Explorys® database (over 80 million individuals). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and race using a 1 PCD: 3 controls matching method in INPCR and multivariable logistic regression in the IBM Explorys® database. Results. The prevalence of asthma ICD10 codes in subjects with a code Q34.8 was 67% vs 19% in controls (P < 0.0001) (Regenstrief Institute). Similarly, in IBM*Explorys, the OR [95% CI] for having asthma if a patient also had ICD10 code 34.8, relative to controls, was =4.04 [3.99; 4.09]. For situs inversus alone the OR [95% CI] was 4.42 [4.14; 4.71]; and bronchiectasis alone the OR [95% CI] =10.68 (10.56; 10.79). For both bronchiectasis and situs inversus together, the OR [95% CI] =28.80 (23.17; 35.81). Conclusions: PCD causes antigen stasis in the human airway (under review), likely predisposing to asthma in addition to oxidative and nitrosative stress and to airway injury. Here, we show that, by several different population-based metrics, and using two large databases, patients with PCD appear to have between a three- and 28-fold increased risk of having asthma. These data suggest that additional studies should be undertaken to understand the role of ciliary dysfunction in the pathogenesis and genetics of asthma. Decreased antigen clearance caused by ciliary dysfunction may be a risk factor for asthma development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen" title="antigen">antigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCD" title=" PCD"> PCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title=" asthma"> asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide" title=" nitric oxide"> nitric oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157907/antigen-stasis-can-predispose-primary-ciliary-dyskinesia-pcd-patients-to-asthma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> The Comparison Study of Human Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis between Adults and Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Ho%20Park">Il Ho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joong%20Seob%20Lee"> Joong Seob Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Hun%20Kang"> Sung Hun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Min%20Shin"> Jae-Min Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Seok%20Park"> Il Seok Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Hong"> Seok Min Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Jin%20Hong"> Seok Jin Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms, and the bacterial microbiome of the human digestive tract contributes to both health and disease. In health, bacteria are key components in the development of mucosal barrier function and in innate and adaptive immune responses, and they also work to suppress the establishment of pathogens. In human upper airway, the sinonasal microbiota might play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in CRS patients and to compare the sinonasal microbiome of adults with children. Materials and methods: A total of 19 samples from 19 patients (Group1; 9 CRS in children, aged 5 to 14 years versus Group 2; 10 CRS in adults aged 21 to 59 years) were examined. Swabs were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region under general anesthesia during endoscopic sinus surgery or tonsillectomy. After DNA extraction from swab samples, we analysed bacterial microbiome consortia using 16s rRNA gene sequencing approach (the Illumina MiSeq platform). Results: In this study, relatively abundance of the six bacterial phyla and tremendous genus and species found in substantial amounts in the individual sinus swab samples, include Corynebacterium, Hemophilus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus species. Anaerobes like Fusobacterium and Bacteroides were abundantly present in the children group, Bacteroides and Propionibacterium were present in adults group. In genus, Haemophilus was the most common CRS microbiome in children and Corynebacterium was the most common CRS microbiome in adults. Conclusions: Our results show the diversity of human upper airway microbiome, and the findings will suggest that CRS is a polymicrobial infection. The Corynebacterium and Hemophilus may live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of sinus in the upper respiratory tract. The further study will be needed for analysis of microbiome-human interactions in upper airway and CRS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title="microbiome">microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20airway" title=" upper airway"> upper airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20rhinosinusitis" title=" chronic rhinosinusitis"> chronic rhinosinusitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20and%20children" title=" adult and children"> adult and children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101447/the-comparison-study-of-human-microbiome-in-chronic-rhinosinusitis-between-adults-and-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Tracheal Stenting to Relieve Respiratory Distress in Patient with Advanced Esophageal Malignancy and Its Anaesthetic Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20Agarwal">Aarti Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajmal%20Khan"> Ajmal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objective: Breathing difficulty is most distressing symptom for the patient and their caregivers providing palliative care to individuals with advanced malignancy. It needs to be tackled effectively and sometimes preemptively to provide relief from respiratory obstruction. Interventional procedures like tracheal stenting are becoming increasingly popular as a part of palliation for respiratory symptoms. We present a case of esophageal tumor earlier stented by Gastroenterologist to maintain esophageal patency, but the tumor outgrew to produce tracheal infiltration and thereby causing airway obstruction. Method and Result: 62-year-old man presented with unresectable Carcinoma oesophagus with inability to swallow. A metallic stent was placed by the gastroenterologist, to maintain esophageal patency and enable patient to swallow. Two months later, the patient returned to hospital in emergency with respiratory distress. CT neck and thorax revealed tumor infiltration through posterior tracheal wall. Lower extent of the tumor was till 1 cm above the carina. Airway stenting with Tracheo bronchial stent with Y configuration was planned under general anaesthesia with airway blocks. Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block, Glossopharyngeal block and Trans tracheal infiltration of local anaesthetics were performed. The patient was sedated with Fentanyl, Midazolam and propofol infusion but was breathing spontaneously. Once the rigid bronchoscope was placed inside trachea, breathing was supported with oxygen and sevoflurane. Initially, the trachea was cleared of tumor by coring. After creating space, tracheal stent was positioned and deployed. After stent placement patient was awakened, suctioned and nebulized. His respiratory stridor relieved instantaneously and was shifted to recovery. Conclusion: Airway blocks help in decreasing the incidence and severity of coughing during airway instrumentation thereby help in proper stent placement. They also reduce the requirement of general anaesthetics and hasten the post stenting recovery. Airway stent provided immediate relief to patient from symptoms of respiratory difficulty. Decision for early tracheal stenting may be taken for a select group of patients with high propensity for local spread, thereby avoiding respiratory complications and providing better quality of life in patients with inoperable malignancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracheal%20stent" title="tracheal stent">tracheal stent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20difficulty" title=" respiratory difficulty"> respiratory difficulty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20tumor" title=" esophageal tumor"> esophageal tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaesthetic%20management" title=" anaesthetic management"> anaesthetic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79121/tracheal-stenting-to-relieve-respiratory-distress-in-patient-with-advanced-esophageal-malignancy-and-its-anaesthetic-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilation versus Nasal Continuous or Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure for Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Bhader">Mohammed S. Bhader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20Ghaddaf"> Abdullah A. Ghaddaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Alamoudi"> Anas Alamoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Abualola"> Amal Abualola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renad%20Kalantan"> Renad Kalantan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Alkhulaifi"> Noura Alkhulaifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Halawani"> Ibrahim Halawani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alhindi"> Mohammed Alhindi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a relatively new mode of noninvasive ventilation with promising clinical and patient-ventilator outcomes for preterm infants. The aim of this systematic review was to compare NAVA to nasal continuous or positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or intermittent positive airway pressure (NIPP) for preterm infants. Methods: We searched the online databases Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared NAVA to NCPAP or NIPP for preterm infants < 37 weeks gestational age. We sought to evaluate the following outcomes: noninvasive intubation failure rate, desaturation rate, the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We used the mean difference (MD) to represent continuous outcomes, while the odds ratio (OR) was used to represent dichotomous outcomes. Results: A total of 11 RCTs that enrolled 429 preterm infants were deemed eligible. NAVA showed similar clinical outcomes to NCPAP or NIPP with respect to noninvasive intubation failure (RR for NAVA versus NCPAP: 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 1.37), desaturation rate (RR for NAVA versus NCPAP: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.36 to 1.29; RR for NAVA versus NIPP: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.08 to 4.25), FiO2 (MD for NAVA versus NCPAP: –0.01, 95%CI: –0.04 to 0.02; MD for NAVA versus NIPP: –7.16, 95%CI: –22.63 to 8.31), and length of stay in the NICU (MD for NAVA versus NCPAP: 1.34, 95%CI: –4.17 to 6.85). Conclusion: NAVA showed similar clinical and ventilator-related outcomes compared to the usual care noninvasive respiratory support measures NCPAP or NIPP for preterm infants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preterm%20infants" title="preterm infants">preterm infants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noninvasive%20neurally%20adjusted%20ventilatory%20assist" title=" noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist"> noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIV-NAVA" title=" NIV-NAVA"> NIV-NAVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20ventilation" title=" non-invasive ventilation"> non-invasive ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasal%20continuous%20or%20positive%20airway%20pressure" title=" nasal continuous or positive airway pressure"> nasal continuous or positive airway pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NCPAP" title=" NCPAP"> NCPAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent%20positive%20airway%20pressure%20ventilation" title=" intermittent positive airway pressure ventilation"> intermittent positive airway pressure ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIPP" title=" NIPP"> NIPP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20distress%20syndrome" title=" respiratory distress syndrome"> respiratory distress syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RDS" title=" RDS"> RDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157200/noninvasive-neurally-adjusted-ventilation-versus-nasal-continuous-or-intermittent-positive-airway-pressure-for-preterm-infants-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> A Comparison between the McGrath Video Laryngoscope and the Macintosh Laryngoscopy in Children with Expected Normal Airway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Eun%20Kim"> Ji Eun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the McGrath VL compared to Macintosh laryngoscopy in children with expected normal airway during endotracheal intubation, by comparing the time to intubation and ease of intubation. Methods: Eighty-four patients, aged 1-10 years undergoing endotracheal intubation for elective surgery were randomly assigned to McGrath group (n = 42) or Macintosh group (n = 42). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5-3.0 mg/kg and sevoflurane 5-8 vol%. Orotracheal intubation was performed 2 minutes after injection of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg with McGrath VL or Macintosh laryngoscope. The primary outcome was time to intubation. The Cormack and Lehane glottic grade, intubation difficulty score (IDS), and success rate of intubation were assessed. Hemodynamic changes also were recorded. Results: Median time to intubation [interquartile range] was not different between the McGrath group and the Macintosh group (25.0 [22.8-28.3] s vs. 26.0 [24.0-29.0] s, p = 0.301). The incidence of grade I glottic view was significantly higher in theMcGrath group than in the Macintosh group (95% vs. 74%, p = 0.013). Median IDS was lower in the McGrath group than in the Macintosh group (0 [0-0] vs. 0 [0-1], p = 0.018). There were no significant differences in success rate on intubation or hemodynamics between the two groups. Conclusions: McGrath VL provides better laryngeal views and lower IDS, but similar intubation times and success rates compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in children with the normal airway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title="intubation">intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macintosh%20laryngoscopy" title=" Macintosh laryngoscopy"> Macintosh laryngoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mcgrath%20videolaryngoscopy" title=" Mcgrath videolaryngoscopy"> Mcgrath videolaryngoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75537/a-comparison-between-the-mcgrath-video-laryngoscope-and-the-macintosh-laryngoscopy-in-children-with-expected-normal-airway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Anti-Inflammatory Studies on Chungpye-Tang in Asthmatic Human Lung Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Bang">J. H. Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Baek"> H. J. Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Kim"> K. I. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20J.%20Lee"> B. J. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Jung"> H. J. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Jang"> H. J. Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Jung"> S. K. Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airway hyper responsiveness (AHR), airway obstruction and airway wall remodeling responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic and environment factors may result in asthma, but there are no the exact causes of asthma. Chungpye-tang (CPT) has been prescribed as a representative aerosol agent for patients with dyspnea, cough and phlegm in the respiratory clinic at Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital. This Korean herbal medicines have the effect of dispelling external pathogen and dampness pattern. CPT is composed of 4 species of herbal medicines. The 4 species of herbal medicines are Ephedrae herba, Pogostemonis(Agatachis) herba, Caryophylli flos and Zingiberis rhizoma crudus. CPT suppresses neutrophil infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of CPT on a mouse model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was proved. Activation of the NF-κB has been proven that it plays an important role in inflammation via inducing transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Over-expression of NF-κB has been believed be related to many inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, gastritis, asthma and COPD. So we firstly hypothesize whether CPT has an anti-inflammatory effect on asthmatic human airway epithelial tissue via inhibiting NF-κB pathway. In this study, CPT was extracted with distilled water for 3 hours at 100°C. After process of filtration and evaporation, it was freeze dried. And asthmatic human lung tissues were provided by MatTek Corp. We investigated the precise mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of CPT by western blotting analysis. We observed whether the decoction extracts could reduce NF-κB activation, COX-2 protein expression and NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, eotaxin, IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13 in asthmatic human lung tissue. As results of this study, there was a trend toward decreased NF-κB expression in asthmatic human airway epithelial tissue. We found that the inhibition effects of CPT on COX-2 expression was not determined. IL-9 and IL-13 secretion was significantly reduced in the asthmatic human lung tissue treated with CPT. Overall, our results indicate that CPT has an anti-inflammatory effect through blocking the signaling pathway of NF-κB, thereby CPT may be a potential remedial agent for allergic asthma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chungpye-tang" title="Chungpye-tang">Chungpye-tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allergic%20asthma" title=" allergic asthma"> allergic asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthmatic%20human%20airway%20epithelial%20tissue" title=" asthmatic human airway epithelial tissue"> asthmatic human airway epithelial tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20factor%20kappa%20B%20%28NF-%CE%BAB%29%20pathway" title=" nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway"> nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COX-2" title=" COX-2"> COX-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42524/anti-inflammatory-studies-on-chungpye-tang-in-asthmatic-human-lung-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Comparison of Mcgrath, Pentax, and Macintosh Laryngoscope in Normal and Cervical Immobilized Manikin by Novices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Kyong%20Yi"> In Kyong Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Yong%20Park"> Sung Yong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Several video laryngoscopes (VLs) were used to facilitate tracheal intubation in the normal and potentially difficult airway, especially by novice personnel. The aim of this study was to compare tracheal intubation performance regarding the time to intubation, glottic view, difficulty, and dental click, by a novice using McGrath VL, Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) and Macintosh laryngoscope in normal and cervical immobilized manikin models. Methods: Thirty-five anesthesia nurses without previous intubation experience were recruited. The participants performed endotracheal intubation in a manikin model at two simulated neck positions (normal and fixed neck via cervical immobilization), using three different devices (McGrath VL, Pentax AWS, and Macintosh direct laryngoscope) at three times each. Performance parameters included intubation time, success rate of intubation, Cormack Lehane laryngoscope grading, dental click, and subjective difficulty score. Results: Intubation time and success rate at the first attempt were not significantly different between the 3 groups in normal airway manikin. In the cervical immobilized manikin, the intubation time was shorter (p = 0.012) and the success rate with the first attempt was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when using McGrath VL and Pentax AWS compared with Macintosh laryngoscope. Both VLs showed less difficulty score (p < 0.001) and more Cormack Lehane grade I (p < 0.001). The incidence of dental clicks was higher with McGrath VL than Macintosh laryngoscope in the normal and cervical immobilized airway (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: McGrath VL and Pentax AWS resulted in shorter intubation time, higher first attempt success rate, compared with Macintosh laryngoscope by a novice intubator in a cervical immobilized manikin model. McGrath VL could be reduced the risk of dental injury compared with Macintosh laryngoscope in this scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title="intubation">intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manikin" title=" manikin"> manikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novice" title=" novice"> novice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videolaryngoscope" title=" videolaryngoscope"> videolaryngoscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97770/comparison-of-mcgrath-pentax-and-macintosh-laryngoscope-in-normal-and-cervical-immobilized-manikin-by-novices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Nanoparticles Activated Inflammasome Lead to Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pureun-Haneul%20Lee">Pureun-Haneul Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeong-Gon%20Kim"> Byeong-Gon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Hye%20Lee"> Sun-Hye Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Soo%20Jang"> An-Soo Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nanoparticles may pose adverse health effects due to particulate matter inhalation. Nanoparticle exposure induces cell and tissue damage, causing local and systemic inflammatory responses. The inflammasome is a major regulator of inflammation through its activation of pro-caspase-1, which cleaves pro-interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into its mature form and may signal acute and chronic immune responses to nanoparticles. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify whether nanoparticles exaggerates inflammasome pathway leading to airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in an allergic mice model of asthma. Methods: Mice were treated with saline (sham), OVA-sensitized and challenged (OVA), or titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Lung interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 18 (IL-18), NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 levels were assessed with Western Blot. Caspase-1 was checked by immunohistochemical staining. Reactive oxygen species were measured for the marker 8-isoprostane and carbonyl by ELISA. Results: Airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness increased in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice and these responses were exaggerated by TiO2 nanoparticles exposure. TiO2 nanoparticles treatment increased IL-1β and IL-18 protein expression in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. TiO2 nanoparticles augmented the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 leading to the formation of an active caspase-1 in the lung. Lung caspase-1 expression was increased in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice and these responses were exaggerated by TiO2 nanoparticles exposure. Reactive oxygen species was increased in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice and in OVA-sensitized/challenged plus TiO2 exposed mice. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that inflammasome pathway activates in asthmatic lungs following nanoparticles exposure, suggesting that targeting the inflammasome may help control nanoparticles-induced airway inflammation and responsiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchial%20asthma" title="bronchial asthma">bronchial asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammasome" title=" inflammasome"> inflammasome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44817/nanoparticles-activated-inflammasome-lead-to-airway-hyperresponsiveness-and-inflammation-in-a-mouse-model-of-asthma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perilaryngeal%20airway&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perilaryngeal%20airway&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perilaryngeal%20airway&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perilaryngeal%20airway&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>