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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hestîbûn</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Ziman" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Ziman</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Hestîbûn</b> an jî <b>çêbûna hestî</b> (bi înglîzî: <i>Ossification</i>)</p> <p>Kiryara guherîna <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirkirk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirkirk">kirkirkê</a> bo hestî wekî hestîbûn tê navkirin. Hemû kirkirkê laş naguhere bo hestî, hinek beşên laşê mirov bi temenê pêgehiştiyê jî her dimîne kirkirk. Di qonaxên destpêkê yên geşedana korpeleyê de, laşê korpeleyê ji perdeyên rîşalî û <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirkirk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirkirk">kirkirka ron</a> (hîalîn) pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di laşê korpeleyê de hestîbûn bi temenê 8-12 hefteyî de dest pê dike.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hestîbûn kirkirkê qalib digre û ji wî qalibê kirkirkê, şêweyî hestî awa dibe. Lê ne hemû hestî ji guherîna kirkirkê çêdibin, hinek hestî rasterast ji xaneyên bineratî yên <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bestereşane">bestereşaneyê</a>, ango ji xaneyên mezenşîm (bi înglîzî: <i>mesenchyme</i>) tên çêkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Di laşê mirov de bi du awayî hestîbûn rû dide.<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1.Hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan (bi înglîzî: <i>Intramembranous ossification</i>)</p> <p>2. Hestîbûna di nav kirkirkê (bi înglîzî: <i>endochondral ossification</i>)</p> <p>Her çiqas ev herdu rêk ji hev gelek cuda bin jî, li dawiya hestîbûnê, pekhateya hestiyên ko ji herdu rêkan çêdibin heman e.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Hestîbûna_di_navbera_perdeyan"><span id="Hest.C3.AEb.C3.BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan"></span>Hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>biguhêre</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png/355px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png" decoding="async" width="355" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="632"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 355px;height: 284px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png/355px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png" data-width="355" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png/533px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png/710px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_navbera_perdeyan_ku.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Çavkaniya hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan, xaneyên mezenşîm e. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Çavkaniya hestîbûnê çîna <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xane">xaneyên</a> mezenşîm e. Xaneyên mezenşîm, xaneyên bineratî yên bestereşaneyê ne. Ji ber ko bestereşane ji xane û madeya binyad pêk tê, li derdora çîna xaneyên mezenşîm jî madeya binyad heye. Hestiyên pan ên <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kilox%C3%AA_mirov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiloxê mirov">kiloxê</a>, hestiyên hinarikê (bi înglîzî: <i>zygomatic bone</i>), çeneya jorîn, çeneya jêrîn û hestiyên <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piştêna sîngê">pirika mil</a> (bi înglîzî: <i>collarbone</i>) bi hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan ve ava dibin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Di destpêka pêvajoya hestîbûnê de, xaneyên mezenşîmê nêzî hev dibin û li hin beşan çînên stûr ava dikin. Ji xaneyên beşên stûrbûyî ya mezenşîmê, hinek xane diguherin bo <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mûlûleya xwînê">mûlûleyên xwînê</a>, hinek xane jî diguherên bo xaneyên pêşengê hestî (bi înglizî: <i>osteoprogenitor / osteogenic cells</i>). Xaneyên pêşeng, xaneyên bineratî ne, diguherin bo xaneyên çêkerê hestî (bi înglîzî: <i>osteoblast</i>). Koma xaneyên çêkerê hestî wekî navanda hestîbûnê tê navkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di qonaxa hestîbûnê de ne yek, lê gelek navendên hestîbûnê bi awayekî hevbeş kar dikin.</p> <p>Xaneyên çêkerê hestî osteoîd der didin.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osteoîd madeya binyad (matrîks) a hîn nereqbûyî ye. Di nav çend rojan de bi kombûna xwêyên kalsiyumê, osteoîd <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Req?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Req">req</a> dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bi reqbûna osteoîdê, xaneyên çêkerê hestî di nav osteoîdê de asê dimînin, paşê van xaneyan diguherin bo xaneyên hestî.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her ko xaneyên çêkerê hestî diguherin bo xaneyên hestî, pêşengê xaneyên hestî yên derdorê jî diguherin boy xaneyên çêkerê hestî.</p> <p>Gava xaneyên çêkerê hestî ostoîd der didin derdora mûlûleyen xwînê, osteoîd dibe sedema çêbûna matrîksa kêranan (bi înglîzî: <i>trabecular matrix</i>) û <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hestî">hestiyê îsfencî</a>. Xaneyên çêkerên hestî yên li ser rûyê hestiyê îsfencî jî diguherin û dibin <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bergê hestî">bergê hestî</a>. Paşê, bergê hestî jî li ser hestiyê îsfencî çînek <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AA_pitew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hestiyê pitew">hestiyê pitew</a> çêdike.</p> <p>Hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan, di laşê korpeleyê 2-3 mehî de dest pê dike, heta ko temenê pêgehiştiyê didome.</p> <p>Ji dayikbûnê (dema zayînê) de kilox û hestiyên pirika mil ên dergûşê bi tevahî req nîn in. Herwisa hestiyên kiloxê li hîn beşan bi hev re girêdayî nîn in. Ev rewş, di coga zayînê de derbasbûna dergûşê hêsantir dike.</p> <p>Bi kurtasî, mirov dikare bi pênc gavan hestîbûna di navbera perdeyan bi awayekî kurt rave bike.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1.Xaneyên mezenşîm diguherin bo xaneyên çêkerê hestî û di navendên hestîbûnê de <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kom">kom</a> dibin.</p> <p>2. Xaneyên çêkerê hestî, osteoîd der didin, bi kombûna xweyên kalsiyumê, xaneyên çêkerê hestî di nav osteoîdê de asê dimînin û diguherin bo xaneyên hestî (osteosîd)</p> <p>3. Hestiyê îsfencî û bergê hestî çêdibe.</p> <p>4. Li ser hestiyê îsfencî, hestiyê pitew çêdibe.</p> <p>5. Lûleyên xwînê <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moxê hestî">moxê sor</a> çêdikin.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Hestîbûna_di_nav_kirkirkê"><span id="Hest.C3.AEb.C3.BBna_di_nav_kirkirk.C3.AA"></span>Hestîbûna di nav kirkirkê</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestîbûna di nav kirkirkê" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>biguhêre</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png/355px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png" decoding="async" width="355" height="327" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="670"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 355px;height: 327px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png/355px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png" data-width="355" data-height="327" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png/533px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png/710px-Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBna_di_nav_kirkirk%C3%AA_ku.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Çêbûna hestiyên dirêj 6 heta 8emîn hefteya ducaniyê de dest pê dike. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Di hestîbûna nav kirkirkê de, hestî cihê <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirkirk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirkirk">kirkirka ron</a> (hîalîn) digire. Bi eslê xwe kirkirk naguherin bo hestî, lê kirkirk ji bo çêbûna hestî wekî qalib kar dikin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Biology._6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_Biology.-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her ko kirkirk hildiweşe cihê vala ji aliyê hestî ve tê dagirkirin bi vî awayî hestîyê nû li şûna kirkirkê de cih dibe. Hestîbûna di nav kirkirkê li gor hestîbûna navbera perdeyan, ji bo demek dirêjtir didome.</p> <p>Hestiyên dirêj bi rêka hestîbûna di nav kirkirkê çêdibin. Herwisa hestiyên binî yên kiloxê, wekî mînak; hestiyê bêjingî (bi înglîzî: <i>ethmoid bone</i>) jî bi heman rêkê çêdibin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Çêbûna hestiyên dirêj 6 heta 8emîn hefteya ducaniyê de dest pê dike.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pêşî, hinek ji xaneyên mezenşîm diguherin bo xaneyên kirkirkê (bi înglîzî: <i>chondrocytes</i>). Xaneyên kirkirkê kirkirkepeykerê ava dikin. Kirkirkepeyker pêşenga hestiyepeykerê ye. Çêbûna kirkirkê bi çêbûna bergê kirkirk (bi înglîzî: <i>perichondrium</i>) didome. Bergê kirkirk, perdeyek bestereşaneyê ye ko rûyê kirkirkê dapoş dike. Her ko diçe di kirkirkê de hê pirtir matrîks (madeya binyad) çêdibe û qabareya xaneyên kirkirkê yên di navenda kirkirkê zêde dibe. Lê di matrîksê de kombûna xwêyên kalsiyumê, rê li ber <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xurek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xurek">xurek</a> û madeyên pêwist digire, xaneyên kirkirkê bêxurek dimînin û dimirin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bi mirina xaneyan, di nav kirkirkê de hin valahî peyda dibin. Lûleyên xwînê ber bi nav valahiyê dirêj dibin û cih dibin. Bi vî awayî cihên vala hê firehtir dikin. Bi navbeynkariya lûleyên xwînê, xaneyên pêşengê hestî û <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hestî">xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî</a> (bi înglîzî: <i>osteoclasts</i>) jî digihîjin nav kirkirkê. Piraniya xaneyên pêşeng diguherin û dibin xaneyên çêkerê hestî. Bi çalakiya xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî û xaneyên çêkerê hestî, ji matrîksa reqbûyî, hestiyê îsfencî çêdikin. Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî hinek ji hestiyê îsfencî têk dişkîne bi vî awayî kelêna moxê (bi înglîzî: <i>medullary cavity</i>) peyda dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Her ko kirkirk geş dibe hê pirtir mûlûleyên xwînê di kirkirkê re diçin. Têreçûna lûleyên xwînê ya nav kirkirkê, bergê kirkirkê çalak dike û diguherine bo bergê hestî. Xaneyên çêkerê hestî yên li bergê hestî, li derdora kirkirkê, li beşa doxê (bi grekî: <i>diaphysis</i>) de gerdeniya hestiyê pitew (bi înglîzî:<i>compact bone collar</i>) ava dikin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%AAne:603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/246px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="261" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="626"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 246px;height: 261px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/246px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg" data-width="246" data-height="261" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/369px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/491px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Lewheyên geşê ji bo çêbûna hestî navendên duyem ên hestîbûnê ne. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dema temenê korpeleyê gihîşt du an jî sê mehî, geşbûna xaneyên hestî û leza çekirina hestî zêdetir dibe. Li kûrahiya gerdeniya hestî (bi înglîzî: <i>bone collar</i>) de navenda hestîbûnê ya yekem tê avakirin. Çêbûna hestî li vê navendê dest pê dike. Dema ev guherîn rû didin, li aliyê din ve jî xaneyên kirkirk û şaneya kirkirkê li cemserên hestî de geşbûna xwe didomînin. Di heman demê de li beşa doxê de hestî cihê kirkirkê digire. Gava ko avakirina hestiyepeykerê korpeleyê çû serî, kirkirk tenê li du cihên hestî de dimîne. Di beşa <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geh">gehê</a> de rûyê hestiyên gehê bi kirkirka gehê (bi înglîzî: <i>articular cartilage</i>) dapoşî dimîne. Herwisa hinek kirkirk jî di navbera cemserê hestiyê û doxê hestiyê de dimîne û wekî lewheya geşê (bi înglîzî: <i>epiphyseal plate</i>) tê navkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewheya geşê ji dayikbûnê heta temenê pêgehiştiyê dirêjbûna hestiyan dabîn dike. Ango hestîbûn piştî ji dayikbûnê jî didome. Lewheyên geşê ji bo çêbûna hestî navendên duyem ên hestîbûnê ne. Navendên duyem a hestîbûnê heta temenê 21 saliyê çalak dimînin. Lê her ko mirov ji zaroktiyê derbasî temenê pêgehiştiyê dibe, çalakiya lewheya geşê ji ber bandora <a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hormona_ge%C5%9F%C3%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hormona geşê">hormona geşê</a> û hormonên zayendê kêm dibe. Paşê li kirkirka lewheya geşê jî hestîbûn rû dide, êdî ji vê gavê şûn ve dirêjbûna hestî radiweste.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>biguhêre</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_1-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Betts, J., Desaix, P., Johnson, E., Johnson, J., Korol, O., & Kruse, D. et al. (2017). Anatomy & physiology. Houston, Texas: OpenStax College, Rice University,</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">McKinley, M., & O'Loughlin, V. (2011). Human Anatomy (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill </span></li> <li id="cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ireland, K. A. (2010). Visualizing Human Biology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Waugh, A., Grant, A., Chambers, G., Ross, J., & Wilson, K. (2014).Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness (12th ed.). Edinburg: Elsevier.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breeland G, Sinkler MA, Menezes RG. Embryology, Bone Ossification. [Updated 2020 Jun 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-.Available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539718">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Human_Biology.-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_Biology._6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starr, C., & McMillan, B. (2010). Human Biology (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_7-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> Rye, C., Wise, R., Jurukovski, V., Desaix, J., Choi, J., & Avissar, Y. (2017).Biology. Houston, Texas : OpenStax College, Rice University,</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Human_biology15ed-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ku-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mader, S., & Windelspecht, M. (2017). Human Biology (15th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1138413">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osifikace" title="Osifikace – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osifikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossifikation" title="Ossifikation – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ossifikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ossification" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osificaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Osificación – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Osificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osifikazio" title="Osifikazio – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osifikazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="استخوان‌سازی – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخوان‌سازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost%25C3%25A9ogen%25C3%25A8se" title="Ostéogenèse – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ostéogenèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A3" title="अस्थिकरण – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्थिकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osifikasi" title="Osifikasi – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osifikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossificazione" title="Ossificazione – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ossificazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E5%258C%2596" title="骨化 – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="骨化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2582%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D1%2596" title="Сүйек түзуі – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүйек түзуі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25BC%2588%25ED%2598%2595%25EC%2584%25B1" title="뼈형성 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뼈형성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaul%25C4%2597jimas" title="Kaulėjimas – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaulėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossificatie" title="Ossificatie – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ossificatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogeneza" title="Osteogeneza – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osteogeneza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteog%25C3%25AAnese" title="Osteogênese – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osteogênese" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osificare" title="Osificare – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osificare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Оссификация – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оссификация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostnatenie" title="Kostnatenie – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostnatenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benbildning" title="Benbildning – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benbildning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%2581" title="การกลายเป็นกระดูก – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกลายเป็นกระดูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Осифікація – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осифікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B8%25D9%2585" title="تعظم – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تعظم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E5%258C%2596" title="骨化 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="骨化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E5%258C%2596" title="骨化 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="骨化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" alt="Wîkîpediya" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ev rûpel cara dawî 4 tîrmeh 2024, saet li 09:20an de hatiye guhartin.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Ger wekî din nehatibe diyarkirin, naverok di bin <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ku">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> de berdest e.</li> </ul> <ul 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