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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surnames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Given_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Given_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Given names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Given_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forms_of_address" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_of_address"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Forms of address</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms_of_address-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Traditional nicknames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanization_and_pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanization_and_pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Romanization and pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Romanization_and_pronunciation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Romanization and pronunciation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Romanization_and_pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Name order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Japanese colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean name</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="اسم كوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم كوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaran_na_Koreano" title="Pangaran na Koreano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pangaran na Koreano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onom%C3%A0stica_coreana" title="Onomàstica coreana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Onomàstica coreana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejsk%C3%A9_jm%C3%A9no" title="Korejské jméno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korejské jméno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanischer_Name" title="Koreanischer Name – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koreanischer Name" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onom%C3%A1stica_coreana" title="Onomástica coreana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onomástica coreana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korear_izen" title="Korear izen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Korear izen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="نام کره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام کره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9nomination_d%27une_personne_en_cor%C3%A9en" title="Dénomination d'une personne en coréen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dénomination d'une personne en coréen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8%EC%99%80_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="한국의 성씨와 이름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한국의 성씨와 이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_Korea" title="Nama Korea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomastica_coreana" title="Onomastica coreana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onomastica coreana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Корей есімдері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корей есімдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejie%C5%A1u_v%C4%81rdi" title="Korejiešu vārdi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejiešu vārdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreai_n%C3%A9vad%C3%A1s" title="Koreai névadás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koreai névadás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_orang_Korea" title="Nama orang Korea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama orang Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Солонгос хүний нэр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Солонгос хүний нэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="朝鮮人の人名 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮人の人名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanske_familienavn" title="Koreanske familienavn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koreanske familienavn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaansche_Naams" title="Koreaansche Naams – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Koreaansche Naams" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%C5%84skie_nazwiska" title="Koreańskie nazwiska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koreańskie nazwiska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_coreano" title="Nome coreano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nome coreano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Корейское имя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейское имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Korean name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A9_meno" title="Kórejské meno – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejské meno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanska_namn" title="Koreanska namn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koreanska namn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangalang_Koreano" title="Pangalang Koreano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangalang Koreano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ชื่อบุคคลเกาหลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชื่อบุคคลเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korece_isimler" title="Korece isimler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korece isimler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%27%D1%8F" title="Корейське ім'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корейське ім'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Tên người Triều Tiên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tên người Triều Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="朝鲜民族人名 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝鲜民族人名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q498782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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navigation-not-searchable">For names of the country, see <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names of Korea</a>. For Wikipedia's policy on how to style Korean names, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Korean)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koreannamediagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koreannamediagram.svg/220px-Koreannamediagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koreannamediagram.svg/330px-Koreannamediagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koreannamediagram.svg/440px-Koreannamediagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hong_Gildong_jeon" title="Hong Gildong jeon">Hong Gil-dong</a>, a generic Korean name used similarly to <span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/John_Doe" title="John Doe">John Doe</a>"</span> in English. From the top, the name is written in <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>, then in Latin text using the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a> system.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BD1E2D; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Surname (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">홍</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hong</i></span>)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2C2E85; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Given name (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">길동</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Gil-dong</i></span>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Korean names</b> are names that place their origin in, or are used in, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. A Korean name in the modern era typically consists of a <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> followed by a <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, with no <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle names</a>. A number of Korean terms for names exist. For full names, <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn"><b>seongmyeong</b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">성명</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">姓名</span></span>), <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn"><b>seongham</b></i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">성함</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">姓銜</span></span>), or <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn"><b>ireum</b></i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이름</span></span>) are commonly used. When a Korean name is written in <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, there is usually no space between the surname and the given name.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Korean surnames consist of a single syllable, although multisyllabic surnames exist (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Namgung" title="Namgung">Namgung</a>). Upon marriage, both partners keep their full names, but children inherit the father's surname unless otherwise specified during the marriage registration process. Koreans have been historically grouped into <a href="/wiki/Korean_clans" title="Korean clans">Korean clans</a>. Each clan is identified by a <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">bongwan</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">본관</span></span>; birthplace of the clan's founder) and the surname of the founder of the clan (with descendency determined <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineally</a>). For example, the <a href="/wiki/Jeonju_Yi_clan" title="Jeonju Yi clan">Jeonju Yi clan</a> comes from <a href="/wiki/Jeonju" title="Jeonju">Jeonju</a> and descends from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yi Han (page does not exist)">Yi Han</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C_(%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EC%94%A8)" class="extiw" title="ko:이한 (전주 이씨)">ko</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, a census showed that, in total, there were 286 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_surnames" title="List of Korean surnames">surnames</a> and 4,179 clans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the three most common surnames (<a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)" title="Kim (Korean surname)">Kim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_(Korean_surname)" title="Lee (Korean surname)">Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Park_(Korean_surname)" title="Park (Korean surname)">Park</a>) are shared by nearly half of South Koreans. </p><p>Given names usually have two syllables, although names with one, three, or more syllables also exist. <a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation names</a> (where names for a generation of a family are related in some way, usually by sharing a character) are also traditional, although now increasingly less common. In North Korea, the generational syllable is shared only among siblings, but in the South, it is shared by all members of the same generation. The use of given names is guided by a strict system of <a href="/wiki/Korean_honorifics" title="Korean honorifics">honorifics</a>; it can be rude to refer to a stranger or person of higher social status by their given name. Perceived gender in names is less consistent than in Western names. </p><p>Naming practices have changed over time. Surnames were once exclusively used by royalty and nobility, but eventually became acceptable for lower class usage. Even until 1910, more than half of Koreans did not have a surname. While now significantly less common, Confucian and cultural traditions dictate systems of <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboos</a>, childhood names, <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">art names</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous names</a>. Until the invention of the Korean alphabet Hangul in the 15th century, most Korean names were written using Chinese characters (Hanja). While many names can still be written entirely in Hanja, some are now exclusively written in Hangul (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Da-som" title="Da-som">Da-som</a>). In 2015, 7.7% of people had Hangul-only names. During the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese occupation of Korea</a>, beginning in 1939, Koreans were <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dshi-kaimei" title="Sōshi-kaimei">forced to adopt Japanese names and naming practices</a>. They were allowed to return to using Korean names following the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Korea">liberation of Korea</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_name_terminology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Korean_name_terminology.svg/220px-Korean_name_terminology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Korean_name_terminology.svg/330px-Korean_name_terminology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Korean_name_terminology.svg/440px-Korean_name_terminology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Diagram showing terminology for names, with Latin text written using Revised Romanization</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of terms exist for Korean names. For the full name, <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">seongmyeong</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">성명</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">姓名</span></span>) is commonly used.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a compound word; <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">seong</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">성</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">姓</span></span>) refers to the surname,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">myeong</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">명</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">名</span></span>) to the given name.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The native Korean term <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ireum</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이름</span></span>) can be used to refer to either the full name or the given name.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A more formal term for the full name is <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">seongham</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">성함</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">姓銜</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This term is relatively commonly used during transactions or in official settings. It is commonly said in the phrase <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">"성함이 어떻게 되세요?"</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "What is your name?".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg/220px-Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg/330px-Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg/440px-Distribution_of_South_Korean_family_names.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Over half of South Koreans have the following five surnames (English spelling variations grouped together): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#19578F; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)" title="Kim (Korean surname)">Kim, Gim, Ghim</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#419A43; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lee_(Korean_surname)" title="Lee (Korean surname)">Lee, Yi, Rhee, Yie</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB9F2C; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Park_(Korean_surname)" title="Park (Korean surname)">Park, Pak, Bahk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DB1D2A; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Choi_(Korean_surname)" title="Choi (Korean surname)">Choi, Choe</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7D377B; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jung_(Korean_surname)" title="Jung (Korean surname)">Jung, Jeong, Chung, Cheong</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surnames">Surnames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Surnames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_surnames" title="List of Korean surnames">List of Korean surnames</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Korean_clans" title="Korean clans">Korean clans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_clans_of_foreign_origin" title="Korean clans of foreign origin">Korean clans of foreign origin</a></div> <table width="275" class="wikitable" style="float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;"> <caption>The five most common surnames<sup id="cite_ref-nso_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nso-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#F0F0F0">Korean</th> <th bgcolor="#F0F0F0">Hanja</th> <th bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised</a></th> <th bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a></th> <th bgcolor="#F0F0F0">Common spellings </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">김</span></span></td> <td>金</td> <td>Gim</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim (Korean name)">Kim</a></td> <td>Kim, Gim </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">리</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">N</a>)<br /><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">S</a>)</td> <td>李</td> <td>I</td> <td>Ri (N)<br />I (S)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_(Korean_surname)" title="Lee (Korean surname)">Lee</a>, Rhee, Yi </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">박</span></span></td> <td>朴</td> <td>Bak</td> <td>Pak</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Park_(Korean_surname)" title="Park (Korean surname)">Park</a>, Pak, Bak </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">최</span></span></td> <td>崔</td> <td>Choe</td> <td>Ch'oe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choi_(Korean_surname)" title="Choi (Korean surname)">Choi</a>, Choe, Chue </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정</span></span></td> <td>鄭</td> <td>Jeong</td> <td>Chŏng</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jung_(Korean_surname)" title="Jung (Korean surname)">Jung</a>, Chung, Jeong, Cheong </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fewer than 300 (approximately 280)<sup id="cite_ref-HanCinema_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HanCinema-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Korean surnames were in use in 2000, and the three most common (<a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)" title="Kim (Korean surname)">Kim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_(Korean_surname)" title="Lee (Korean surname)">Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Park_(Korean_surname)" title="Park (Korean surname)">Park</a>) account for nearly half of the population. For various reasons,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what reasons (March 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the number of Korean surnames has been increasing over time.<sup id="cite_ref-HanCinema_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HanCinema-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USLC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USLC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each Korean person belongs to a <a href="/wiki/Korean_clans" title="Korean clans">Korean clan</a>. Each clan can be identified by a surname from a <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> ancestor and a place of origin (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">본관</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">bongwan</i></span>). For example, the most populous clan is the <a href="/wiki/Gimhae_Kim_clan" title="Gimhae Kim clan">Gimhae Kim clan</a>: they descend from <a href="/wiki/Suro_of_Geumgwan_Gaya" title="Suro of Geumgwan Gaya">Kim Suro</a> and identify the city of <a href="/wiki/Gimhae" title="Gimhae">Gimhae</a> as their origin. Clan membership is determined. Clans are further subdivided into various <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">pa</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">파</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">派</span></span>), or branches stemming from a more recent common ancestor, so that a full identification of a person's surname would be clan-surname-branch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until 2005, <a href="/wiki/Article_809_of_the_Korean_Civil_Code" title="Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code">marrying other members of one's clan was illegal</a>, although this restriction was declared unconstitutional and lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, Korean women keep their surnames after their marriage, but their children take the father's surname. In the premodern, patriarchal Korean society, people were extremely conscious of familial values and their own family identities. Korean women keep their surnames after marriage based on traditional reasoning that it is inherited from their parents and ancestors, and cannot be changed. According to traditions, each clan publishes a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_book" title="Genealogy book">genealogy book</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">족보</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">族譜</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">jokbo</i></span>) every 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198833–34_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm198833–34-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around a dozen two-syllable surnames are used, all of which rank after the 100 most common surnames. The five most common surnames, which together make up over half of the Korean population, are used by over 20 million people in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-nso_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nso-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 2015 census, it was revealed that foreign-origin surnames were becoming more common in South Korea, due to naturalised citizens transcribing their surnames in Hangul. Between 2000 and 2015, more than 4,800 new surnames were registered. During the census, a total of 5,582 distinct surnames were collected, 73% of which do not have corresponding Hanja characters. It was also revealed that despite the surge in the number of surnames, the ratio of top 10 surnames had not changed. 44.6% of South Koreans are still named Kim, Lee or Park, while the rest of the top 10 are made up of Choi, Jeong, Kang, Jo, Yoon, Jang and Lim.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Given_names">Given names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Given names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_given_names" title="List of Korean given names">List of Korean given names</a></div> <p>Traditionally, given names are partly determined by <a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">generation names</a>, a custom originating in China. One of the two characters in a given name is unique to the individual, while the other is shared by all people in a family generation. In both North and South Koreas, generational names are usually no longer shared by cousins, but are still commonly shared by siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-northnames_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northnames-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given names are typically composed of Hanja, or Chinese characters. In North Korea, the Hanja are no longer used to write the names, but the meanings are still understood; for example, the syllable <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">cheol</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">철</span></span>) in boys' names is usually perceived as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:鐵">鐵</a>, which means "iron".<sup id="cite_ref-northnames_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northnames-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South Korea, Article 37 of the <i>Regulations on Registration of Family Relations</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">가족관계의 등록 등에 관한 규칙</span></span>) requires that the Hanja in personal names be taken from a restricted list. Unapproved Hanja must be represented by Hangul in the family relations register (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">가족관계등록부</span></span>). In March 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Supreme Court of Korea">Supreme Court of Korea</a> published the <i>List of Hanja for Use in Personal Names</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">인명용 한자표</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">人名用漢字表</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allowed a total of 2,854 Hanja in new South Korean given names (as well as 61 variant forms), and put it into effect starting April 1 of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list was expanded several times; the latest update was in 2022. Currently, more than 8,000 Hanja are permitted in South Korean names (including the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Hanja_for_educational_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Hanja for educational use">set of basic Hanja</a>), in addition to a small number of variant forms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of an official list is similar to Japan's use of the <i><a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">jinmeiyō kanji</a></i> (although the characters do not entirely coincide). </p><p>The <i>List of Hanja for Use in Personal Names</i> merely shows what characters are currently allowed to be registered. It cannot always be used to determine someone's existing Hanja name because of the following reasons: </p> <ul><li>People who were named before April 1, 1991, did not have any restrictions on Hanja names. Their names can contain Hanja that are not even in the list.</li> <li>The list is sometimes updated to include more Hanja. A character currently in the list may not be in older versions of the list.</li></ul> <p>While the traditional practice is still largely followed, since the late 1970s, some parents have given their children names that are native Korean words, usually of two syllables. Given names of this sort include <a href="/wiki/Ha-neul" title="Ha-neul">Ha-neul</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">하늘</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> heaven/sky), <a href="/wiki/Da-som" title="Da-som">Da-som</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">다솜</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> love) and <a href="/wiki/Bit-na" title="Bit-na">Bit-na</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">빛나</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> to shine). Between 2008 and 2015, the proportion of such names among South Korean newborns rose from 3.5% to 7.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this trend away from traditional practice, people's names are still recorded in both Hangul and Hanja (if available) on official documents, in family genealogies, and so on. </p><p>Unless a given name contains a syllable that does not have any corresponding Hanja at all (e.g. <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">빛</span></span> (<span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">bit</i></span>)), there is no guarantee that a name which may <i>look</i> like a native Korean name never has Hanja. A certain name written in Hangul can be a native Korean name, or a Sino-Korean name, or even both. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bo-ram_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bo-ram (name)">Bo-ram</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">보람</span></span>) can not only be a native Korean name,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but can also be a Sino-Korean name (e.g. 寶濫).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, parents intend a dual meaning: both the meaning from a native Korean word and the meaning from Hanja. </p><p>Originally, there was no legal limitation on the length of names in South Korea. As a result, some people registered extremely long given names, such as the 16-syllable <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Haneulbyeolnimgureumhaetnimbodasarangseureouri</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">하늘별님구름햇님보다사랑스러우리</span></span>; roughly, "more beloved than the sky, stars, clouds, and the sun"). However, beginning in 1993, new regulations required that the given name be five syllables or shorter.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A family relations certificate (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">가족관계증명서</span></span>) of an individual lists the person concerned, the person's parents, spouse, and children. If there is more than one person with the same name in a family relations certificate, it is difficult to identify the person. Therefore, an individual is not allowed to have the same name as someone appearing in one's parent's family relations certificate – in other words, a child cannot have the same name as one's parents and grandparents.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forms_of_address">Forms of address</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Forms of address"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Korean_honorifics" title="Korean honorifics">Korean honorifics</a></div> <p>The usage of names is governed by strict norms in traditional Korean society. It is generally considered rude to address people by their given names in <a href="/wiki/Korean_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean culture">Korean culture</a>. This is particularly the case when dealing with adults or one's elders.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is acceptable to call someone by his or her given name if he or she is the same age as the speaker. However, it is considered rude to use someone's given name if that person's age is a year older than the speaker. This is often a source of <a href="/wiki/Pragmatics" title="Pragmatics">pragmatic</a> difficulty for learners of Korean as a foreign language, and for Korean learners of Western languages. </p><p>A variety of replacements are used for the actual name of the person. It is acceptable among adults of similar status to address the other by their full name, with the suffix <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ssi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">씨</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">氏</span></span>) added. However, it is inappropriate to address someone by the surname alone, even with such a suffix.<sup id="cite_ref-proper_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whenever the person has an official rank, it is typical to address him or her by the name of that rank (such as "Manager"), often with the honorific <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">nim</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">님</span></span>) added. In such cases, the full name of the person may be appended, although this can also imply the speaker is of higher status.<sup id="cite_ref-proper_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among children and close friends, it is common to use a person's birth name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_nicknames">Traditional nicknames</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Traditional nicknames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the common people, who have suffered from high child mortality, children were often given childhood names (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">아명</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">兒名</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">amyeong</i></span>), to wish them long lives by avoiding notice from the messenger of death.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have become less common.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After marriage, women usually lost their <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">amyeong</i></span>, and were called by a <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">taekho</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">택호</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">宅號</span></span>), referring to their town of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">teknonymy</a>, or referring to parents by their children's names, is a common practice. It is most commonly used in referring to a mother by the name of her eldest child, as in "Cheolsu's mom" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">철수 엄마</span></span>). However, it can be extended to either parent and any child, depending upon the context.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Korean given names' correlation to gender is complex and, by comparison to European languages, less consistent.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. See unreliable sources list on WP:KO/RS (November 2024)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Certain Sino-Korean syllables carry masculine connotations, others feminine, and others unisex. These connotations may vary depending on whether the character is used as the first or second character in the given name. A <i><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">dollimja</a></i> generational marker, once confined to male descendants but now sometimes used for women as well, may further complicate gender identification. Native Korean given names show similar variation. </p><p>A further complication in Korean text is that the singular pronoun used to identify individuals has no gender. This means that automated translation often misidentifies or fails to identify an individual's gender in Korean text and thus presents stilted or incorrect English output. (Conversely, English source text is similarly missing information about social status and age critical to smooth Korean-language rendering.)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Children traditionally take their father's surname.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm1988_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm1988-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under South Korean Civil Law effective January 1, 2008, though, children may be legally given the surname of either parent or even that of a step-parent.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanization_and_pronunciation">Romanization and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Romanization and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean" title="Romanization of Korean">Romanization of Korean</a></div> <p>Many modern Koreans romanize their names in an <i>ad hoc</i> manner that often attempts to approximate conventions in <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English orthography</a>. This produces many Latin-spelling variations for a single name. For example, the surname <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이</span></span> (李) is variously romanized as <i>Lee</i>, <i>Yi</i>, <i>I</i>, or <i>Rhee</i>. </p><p>Some Koreans avoid certain spellings because of their similarity to English words with negative connotations. For example, "Gang", "Bang", "Sin", and "Gun".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee201194_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee201194-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the current official romanization system in South Korea is the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization of Korean</a>, South Korean nationals are not required to follow this when they apply for their <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_passport" title="South Korean passport">passports</a>; people are allowed to register their romanized names freely as long as the romanized name can be pronounced like the Hangul name.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even a single surname within a single family can be romanized differently on passports. For example, within a single <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">심</span></span> family, the father's surname can be "Shim" while his son's can be "Sim".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2007 examination of 63,000 passports, the most common romanizations for various common surnames were:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Surname<br />(Hangul)</th> <th>Spelling 1</th> <th>Spelling 2</th> <th>Spelling 3 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">김</span></span></td> <td>Kim (99.3%)</td> <td>Gim (0.6%)</td> <td>Ghim (0.01%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이</span></span></td> <td>Lee (98.5%)</td> <td>Yi (1%)</td> <td>Rhee (0.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">박</span></span></td> <td>Park (95.9%)</td> <td>Bak (1.8%)</td> <td>Pak (1.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">최</span></span></td> <td>Choi (93.1%)</td> <td>Choe (6.5%)</td> <td>Choy (0.09%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정</span></span></td> <td>Jung (48.6%)</td> <td>Jeong (37%)</td> <td>Chung (9.2%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In English-speaking nations, the three most common surnames are often written and pronounced as <i>Kim</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김</span></span>), <i>Lee</i>/<i>Ri</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이/리</span></span>), and <i>Park</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">박</span></span>). </p> <ul><li>The initial sound in <i>Kim</i> shares features with both the English <i>k</i> (in initial position, an aspirated voiceless velar stop) and "hard <i>g</i>" (an unaspirated voiced velar stop). When pronounced initially, Kim starts with an unaspirated voiceless <a href="/wiki/Velar_stop" title="Velar stop">velar stop</a> sound; it is voiceless like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>, but also unaspirated like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span>. As aspiration is a distinctive feature in Korean but voicing is not, <i>Gim</i> is more likely to be understood correctly. However, <i>Kim</i> is usually used as the romanized form in both North and South Koreas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004484–536,_793–800,_''passim''_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004484–536,_793–800,_''passim''-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The surname <i>Lee</i> is originally <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">리</span></span> (<i>Ri</i>) in North Korea and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이</span></span> (<i>I</i>) in South Korea. In the former case, the initial sound is a <a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">liquid consonant</a>. There is no distinction between the alveolar liquids <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span>, which is why <i>Lee</i> and <i>Ri</i> are both common spellings. In South Korea, the pronunciation of the name is simply the English vowel sound for a "long <i>e</i>", as in <i>see</i>. This pronunciation is also often spelled as <i>Yi</i>; the Northern pronunciation is commonly romanized as <i>Ri</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004561–608,_807–810,_''passim''_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004561–608,_807–810,_''passim''-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Korean, the name that is usually romanized as <i>Park</i> actually has no <i>r</i> sound, unlike in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, since the romanization was based on <a href="/wiki/English_English" class="mw-redirect" title="English English">English English</a>, which has <a href="/wiki/R-dropping" class="mw-redirect" title="R-dropping">r-dropping</a>. Its initial sound is an unaspirated voiceless <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_stop" title="Bilabial stop">bilabial stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span>. The vowel is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span>, similar to the <i>a</i> in <i>father</i>, so the name is also often transcribed <i>Pak</i>, <i>Bak</i> and <i>Bahk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004438–457_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004438–457-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In romanized Korean names, a two-syllable given name is spelled as a joined word (<i>Gildong</i>), or separated by a hyphen (<i><span class="nowrap">Gil-dong</span></i>) or a space (<i><span class="nowrap">Gil Dong</span></i>); in other words, <i>Gildong</i>, <i>Gil-dong</i>, and <i>Gil Dong</i> are all the same given name. Even with a space, <i>Gil Dong</i> is still a single first name, not first and middle names. South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, the government agency issuing passports to its nationals, formally advised its nationals not to put a space in their given names because having a space in a given name can be misunderstood as having first and middle names;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Ministry also gives a chance to remove the space when one already has a space in one's given name.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not always possible to unambiguously determine the original Hangul name from a romanized Korean name. For example, the <i>jung</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Youn_Yuh-jung" title="Youn Yuh-jung">Youn Yuh-jung</a> is actually different in Hangul (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">중</span></span> and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정</span></span> respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eom_Ik-sang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eom Ik-sang (page does not exist)">Eom Ik-sang</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%84%EC%9D%B5%EC%83%81" class="extiw" title="ko:엄익상">ko</a>]</span>, a South Korean professor of the Chinese language and literature at <a href="/wiki/Hanyang_University" title="Hanyang University">Hanyang University</a>, said the following with regard to the romanizations of Korean personal names and the adoption of South Korea's official romanization system in other countries:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the case of the romanization of Chinese, the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> system established by the Chinese government in 1958 is being used worldwide today, displacing the <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> system that had been used in the West for nearly a hundred years. It is now possible to search Chinese personal names and book titles using Hanyu Pinyin in overseas libraries including the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. However, is it fair to compare the country in which more than 1.3 billion people have been uniformly following [a single system] for more than 50 years to the country in which almost all citizens and presidents alike have been romanizing their names freely, asserting individual freedom? Korea is a place where one's home address as well as the surname of each family member [within a single family] can be romanized differently. Why would other countries trust and use [South Korea's official romanization] system that not only has been frequently changed but also we ourselves do not even consistently follow?</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_order">Name order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Name order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg/220px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg/330px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg/440px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5244" data-file-height="3690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> – the usual presentation of Korean names in English, as shown here, is to put the surname first (Ban is the surname)</figcaption></figure> <p>In English-language publications, including newspapers, Korean names are usually written in the original order, with the surname first and the given name last. However, Koreans living and working in Western countries usually adopt the Western order, with the given name first and the surname last. The usual presentation of Korean names in English is similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese names</a> and differs from those of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese names</a>, which, in English publications, are usually written in a reversed order with the surname last.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of names has evolved over time. The first recording of Korean names appeared as early as in the early <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms period</a>. The adoption of Chinese characters contributed to Korean names. A complex system, including <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">art names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous names</a>, and childhood names, arose out of <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> tradition. The courtesy name system in particular arose from the <i><a href="/wiki/Classic_of_Rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic of Rites">Classic of Rites</a></i>, a core text of the Confucian canon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee19831134_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee19831134-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names have also been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboos</a>, a practice that originated in China.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Three Kingdoms period, native given names were sometimes composed of three syllables like Misaheun (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">미사흔</span></span>) and Sadaham (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">사다함</span></span>), which were later transcribed into <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> (未斯欣 and 斯多含). The use of surnames was limited to kings in the beginning, but gradually spread to aristocrats and eventually to most of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some recorded surnames are apparently native Korean words, such as <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a>. At that time, some characters of Korean names might have been read not by their Sino-Korean pronunciation, but by their native reading. For example, the native Korean name of <a href="/wiki/Yeon_Gaesomun" title="Yeon Gaesomun">Yeon Gaesomun</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">연개소문</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">淵蓋蘇文</span></span>), the first Grand Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a>, can linguistically be reconstructed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[*älkɑsum]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> names are also believed to represent <a href="/wiki/Old_Korean" title="Old Korean">Old Korean</a> vocabulary; for example, <a href="/wiki/Bak_Hyeokgeose" class="mw-redirect" title="Bak Hyeokgeose">Bak Hyeokgeose</a>, the name of the founder of Silla, was pronounced something like <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Bulgeonuri</i></span> (弗矩內), which can be translated as "bright world".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In older traditions, if the name of a baby is not chosen by the third trimester, the responsibility of choosing the name fell to the oldest son of the family. Often, this was the preferred method as the name chosen was seen as good luck. </p><p>According to the chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Samguk_sagi" title="Samguk sagi">Samguk sagi</a></i>, surnames were bestowed by kings upon their supporters. For example, in 33 CE, King <a href="/wiki/Yuri_of_Silla" title="Yuri of Silla">Yuri</a> gave the six headmen of Saro (later <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>) the names Lee (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이</span></span>), Bae (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">배</span></span>), Choi (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">최</span></span>), Jeong (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정</span></span>), Son (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">손</span></span>) and Seol (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">설</span></span>). However, this account is not generally credited by modern historians, who hold that Confucian-style surnames as above were more likely to have come into general use in the fifth and subsequent centuries, as the Three Kingdoms increasingly adopted the Chinese model.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only a handful of figures from the Three Kingdoms period are recorded as having borne a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Seol_Chong" title="Seol Chong">Seol Chong</a>. The custom only became widespread in the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> period, as Confucianism took hold among the literati.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1055, Goryeo established a new law limiting access to the civil service examination to those without surnames.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For men of the aristocratic <i><a href="/wiki/Yangban" title="Yangban">yangban</a></i> class, a complex system of alternate names emerged by the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> period. On the other hand, commoners typically only had given names.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surnames were originally a privilege reserved for the <i>yangban</i> class, but members of the <a href="/wiki/Jungin" title="Jungin">middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sangmin" title="Sangmin">common</a> classes of Joseon society frequently paid to acquire a surname from a <i>yangban</i> and be included into a <a href="/wiki/Korean_clans" title="Korean clans">clan</a>; this practice became rampant by the 18th century,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to a significant growth in the <i>yangban</i> class but conversely diluting and weakening its social dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in the region of <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>, the <i>yangban</i> who had comprised 9.2% of Daegu's demographics in 1690 rose to 18.7% in 1729, 37.5% in 1783, and 70.3% in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until the <a href="/wiki/Gabo_Reform" title="Gabo Reform">Gabo Reform</a> of 1894 that members of the <a href="/wiki/Cheonmin" title="Cheonmin">outcast</a> class were allowed to adopt a surname.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a census called the <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">minjeokbu</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">민적부</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">民籍簿</span></span>) completed in 1910, more than half of the Korean population did not have a surname at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a brief period after the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Korea">Mongol invasion of Korea</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> period, Korean kings and aristocrats had both <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian names">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sino-Korean_vocabulary" title="Sino-Korean vocabulary">Sino-Korean</a> names. The scions of the ruling class were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan</a> court for schooling.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, King <a href="/wiki/Gongmin_of_Goryeo" title="Gongmin of Goryeo">Gongmin</a> had both the Mongolian name Bayan Temür (<span lang="zh">伯顏帖木兒</span>) and the Sino-Korean name Wang Gi (王祺) (later renamed Wang Jeon (王顓)).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1983117_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1983117-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_colonial_period">Japanese colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dshi-kaimei" title="Sōshi-kaimei">Sōshi-kaimei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a></div> <p>During the period of Japanese colonial rule of Korea (1910–1945), Koreans were forced to adopt <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>-language names.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even today, it is common for Korean nationals living in Japan to use Japanese surnames as well. Also known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsūshōmei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">通称名</span></span>)</span> or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsūmei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">通名</span></span>)</span>, such an alternative name can be registered as a <a href="/wiki/Alien_registration_in_Japan#Legal_alias" title="Alien registration in Japan">legal alias</a> and used in many official contexts including bank accounts and health insurance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1939, as part of <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of Korea">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Minami" title="Jirō Minami">Jirō Minami</a>'s policy of cultural assimilation<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">同化政策</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">dōka seisaku</i></span>)</span>, Ordinance No. 20 (commonly called the "Name Order", or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sōshi-kaimei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">創氏改名</span></span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) was issued, and became law in April 1940. Although the Japanese Governor-General officially prohibited compulsion, low-level officials effectively forced Koreans to adopt Japanese-style surnames and given names. By 1944, about 84% of the population had registered Japanese surnames.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm1988233_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm1988233-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sōshi</i></span> (Japanese) means the creation of a Japanese surname (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shi</i></span>, Korean <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ssi</i></span>), distinct from a Korean surname or <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">seong</i></span> (Japanese <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sei</i></span>). Japanese surnames represent the families they belong to and can be changed by marriage and other procedures, while Korean surnames represent paternal linkages and are unchangeable. Japanese policy dictated that Koreans either could register a completely new Japanese surname unrelated to their Korean surname, or have their Korean surname, in Japanese form, automatically become their Japanese name if no surname was submitted before the deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the liberation of Korea from Japanese rule, the Name Restoration Order (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선 성명 복구령</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朝鮮姓名復舊令</span></span>) was issued on October 23, 1946, by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States military administration</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/38th_parallel_north" title="38th parallel north">38th parallel north</a>, enabling Koreans to restore their original Korean names if they wished. </p><p>Japanese conventions of creating given names, such as using "<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">子</span></span>" (Japanese <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ko</i></span> and Korean <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ja</i></span>) in feminine names, are seldom seen in present-day Korea, both North and South. In the North, a campaign to eradicate such Japanese-based names was launched in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-northnames_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northnames-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the South, and presumably in the North as well, these names are regarded as old and unsophisticated.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_809_of_the_Korean_Civil_Code" title="Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code">Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_given_names" title="List of Korean given names">List of Korean given names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_surnames" title="List of Korean surnames">List of Korean surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_clans" title="Korean clans">Korean clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames" title="List of common Chinese surnames">List of common Chinese surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_Japanese_surnames" title="List of common Japanese surnames">List of common Japanese surnames</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also called the <i>List of Additional Hanja for Use in Personal Names</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">인명용 추가 한자표</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">人名用追加漢字表</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Even if the Revised Romanization of Korean (RR) were strictly applied to all names, such an ambiguity is not fully resolved. For example, given names <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">빛나</span></span> and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">샛별</span></span> are romanized as <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Bitna</i></span> and <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Saetbyeol</i></span> respectively according to RR – syllable-final consonants <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅊ</span></span> and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅅ</span></span> both become <i>t</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original: "<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">중국어 로마자 표기법은 서구에서 100년 가까이 사용해오던</span></span> Wade-Giles<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">법을 밀어내고 최근에는 1958년 중국정부가 제정한 한어병음방법을 전 세계적으로 사용하고 있다. 미국의회도서관은 물론 해외 도서관에서 한어병음으로 중국의 인명과 서명을 검색할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 13억이 넘는 인구가 50년이 넘는 세월 동안 일률적으로 사용해온 경우와 성명의 표기는 개인의 자유라며 일반 국민은 물론 대통령까지 거의 모두 자유롭게 표기해온 국가와 비교가 될 수 있을까? 자기 집 영문 주소는 물론 성까지도 식구마다 다르게 표기할 수 있는 곳이 한국이다. 우리 스스로도 잘 지키지 않고, 수시로 바뀌는 표기법을 외국에서 뭘 믿고 쓰겠는가?</span></span>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seol Chong's courtesy name, Chongji (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">총지</span></span>) is reported in the <i>Samguk sagi</i>, Yeoljeon 6, "Seol Chong".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvason2021" class="citation web cs1">Evason, Nina (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/south-korean-culture/south-korean-culture-naming">"South Korean Culture – Naming"</a>. <i>Cultural Atlas</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811113826/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/south-korean-culture/south-korean-culture-naming">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Atlas&rft.atitle=South+Korean+Culture+%E2%80%93+Naming&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Evason&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculturalatlas.sbs.com.au%2Fsouth-korean-culture%2Fsouth-korean-culture-naming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2022" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Si-jin (2022-05-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220505000130">"Wanju beckons with beautiful nature, traditions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Herald" title="The Korea Herald">The Korea Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722000326/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220505000130">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Herald&rft.atitle=Wanju+beckons+with+beautiful+nature%2C+traditions&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Si-jin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20220505000130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=46672&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&sTarget=title&sTxt=%EB%B3%B8%EA%B4%80">"2000 인구주택총조사 성씨 및 본관 집계결과"</a>. <i>통계청</i> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Korea" title="Statistics Korea">Statistics Korea</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%B2%AD&rft.atitle=2000+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%A3%BC%ED%83%9D%EC%B4%9D%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC+%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8+%EB%B0%8F+%EB%B3%B8%EA%B4%80+%EC%A7%91%EA%B3%84%EA%B2%B0%EA%B3%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkostat.go.kr%2Fportal%2Fkorea%2Fkor_nw%2F2%2F2%2F1%2Findex.board%3Fbmode%3Dread%26aSeq%3D46672%26pageNo%3D1%26rowNum%3D10%26navCount%3D10%26sTarget%3Dtitle%26sTxt%3D%25EB%25B3%25B8%25EA%25B4%2580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/8de03a530dcb403fb539347b010737fb"><bdi lang="ko">성명</bdi></a>. <i>korean.dict.naver.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001031953/https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/8de03a530dcb403fb539347b010737fb">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=korean.dict.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.dict.naver.com%2Fkoendict%2F%23%2Fentry%2Fkoen%2F8de03a530dcb403fb539347b010737fb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/df7b4e4b40fb4f3fb1338935ac9cf027"><bdi lang="ko">성</bdi></a>. <i>korean.dict.naver.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001031953/https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/df7b4e4b40fb4f3fb1338935ac9cf027">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=korean.dict.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EC%84%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.dict.naver.com%2Fkoendict%2F%23%2Fentry%2Fkoen%2Fdf7b4e4b40fb4f3fb1338935ac9cf027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/f4562a7b335743239d5c2af90f760a73"><bdi lang="ko">명</bdi></a>. <i>korean.dict.naver.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001031953/https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/f4562a7b335743239d5c2af90f760a73">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=korean.dict.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EB%AA%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.dict.naver.com%2Fkoendict%2F%23%2Fentry%2Fkoen%2Ff4562a7b335743239d5c2af90f760a73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/b71f59e851f944dc835e82ba862fcf9b"><bdi lang="ko">이름</bdi></a>. <i>korean.dict.naver.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001031953/https://korean.dict.naver.com/koendict/#/entry/koen/b71f59e851f944dc835e82ba862fcf9b">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=korean.dict.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.dict.naver.com%2Fkoendict%2F%23%2Fentry%2Fkoen%2Fb71f59e851f944dc835e82ba862fcf9b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.90daykorean.com/what-is-your-name-in-korean/">"How to Say "What Is Your Name" in Korean – Different ways of asking"</a>. <i>90 Day Korean</i>. 2016-01-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811033707/https://www.90daykorean.com/what-is-your-name-in-korean/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=90+Day+Korean&rft.atitle=How+to+Say+%22What+Is+Your+Name%22+in+Korean+%E2%80%93+Different+ways+of+asking&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.90daykorean.com%2Fwhat-is-your-name-in-korean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/08/149_22450.html">"(493) 성함이 어떻게 되세요?"</a> [(493) What is your name?]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a></i>. 2008-04-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811034903/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/08/149_22450.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=%28493%29+%EC%84%B1%ED%95%A8%EC%9D%B4+%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C+%EB%90%98%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%94%3F&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2023%2F08%2F149_22450.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nso-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nso_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nso_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of Korea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID=DT_1INOOSB&IDTYPE=3">National Statistical Office.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301110942/http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID=DT_1INOOSB&IDTYPE=3">Archived</a> 2007-03-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The total population was 45,985,289. No comparable statistics are available from North Korea. The top 22 surnames are charted, and a rough extrapolation for both Koreas has been calculated <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160628044808/http://sun-bin.blogspot.com/2005/12/chinese-and-korean-family-names.html">"Sun Bin: Chinese and Korean Family Names"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sun-bin.blogspot.com/2005/12/chinese-and-korean-family-names.html">the original</a> on 2016-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sun+Bin%3A+Chinese+and+Korean+Family+Names&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsun-bin.blogspot.com%2F2005%2F12%2Fchinese-and-korean-family-names.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HanCinema-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HanCinema_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HanCinema_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwetsloot2009" class="citation web cs1">Zwetsloot, Jacco (2009-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204194633/http://www.hancinema.net/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-korean-surnames-20507.html">"Everything you ever wanted to know about Korean surnames"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HanCinema" title="HanCinema">HanCinema</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hancinema.net/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-korean-surnames-20507.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HanCinema&rft.atitle=Everything+you+ever+wanted+to+know+about+Korean+surnames&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft.aulast=Zwetsloot&rft.aufirst=Jacco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hancinema.net%2Feverything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-korean-surnames-20507.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USLC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USLC_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/38.htm">Traditional Family Life.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103013030/http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/38.htm">Archived</a> 2016-11-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Same-Surname-Same-Origin Marriage Ban</i> case (95Hun-Ka6 on Article 809 (1) of the Civil Act); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219184747/http://www.ccourt.go.kr/home/english/download/decision_10years.pdf"><i>The First Ten Years of the Korean Constitutional Court</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court of Korea</a>, p. 242 (p.256 of the PDF), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccourt.go.kr/home/english/download/decision_10years.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-02-19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Ten+Years+of+the+Korean+Constitutional+Court&rft.pages=242+%28p.256+of+the+PDF%29&rft.pub=Constitutional+Court+of+Korea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccourt.go.kr%2Fhome%2Fenglish%2Fdownload%2Fdecision_10years.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm198833–34-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198833–34_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNahm1988">Nahm (1988)</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2017" class="citation news cs1">Kim, Da-sol (2017-01-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170109000755">"Foreign-origin family names on rise in South Korea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Herald" title="The Korea Herald">The Korea Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109230053/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170109000755">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Herald&rft.atitle=Foreign-origin+family+names+on+rise+in+South+Korea&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Da-sol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20170109000755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-northnames-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-northnames_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-northnames_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-northnames_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김미영2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김미영 (2000-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nk.chosun.com/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=3758"><bdi lang="ko">이름짓기/ 여성 이름 '자'字 사라져</bdi></a> [Creating a name / <i>ja</i> disappearing from female names] (in Korean). NKchosun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816103228/http://nk.chosun.com/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=3758">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84%EC%A7%93%EA%B8%B0%2F+%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84+%27%EC%9E%90%27%E5%AD%97+%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%A0%B8&rft.pub=NKchosun&rft.date=2000-11-19&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnk.chosun.com%2Fnews%2Fnews.html%3FACT%3Ddetail%26res_id%3D3758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkrader2004" class="citation book cs1">Harkrader, Lisa (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1VeruSAyawC"><i>South Korea</i></a>. Enslow Pub. Inc. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-5181-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-5181-2"><bdi>978-0-7660-5181-2</bdi></a>. <q>Many South Korean families today are relatively small, and may not include sons, so South Korean parents have begun to choose names for their sons that do not follow the traditional requirements of generation names.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Korea&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Enslow+Pub.+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-5181-2&rft.aulast=Harkrader&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1VeruSAyawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academy_of_the_Korean_Language1991" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Korean_Language" title="National Institute of Korean Language">National Academy of the Korean Language</a> (June 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1991_2/2_25.html"><bdi lang="ko">국립 국어 연구원 소식</bdi></a> [News from the National Academy of the Korean Language] (in Korean). New Korean Life (새국어생활). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319163239/http://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1991_2/2_25.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD+%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4+%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%9B%90+%EC%86%8C%EC%8B%9D&rft.pub=New+Korean+Life+%28%EC%83%88%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%29&rft.date=1991-06&rft.au=National+Academy+of+the+Korean+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean.go.kr%2Fnkview%2Fnklife%2F1991_2%2F2_25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/10/20/2014102001300.html"><bdi lang="ko">'인명용(人名用)' 한자 5761→8142자로 대폭 확대</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). 2014-10-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823161914/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/10/20/2014102001300.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%27%EC%9D%B8%EB%AA%85%EC%9A%A9%28%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%94%A8%29%27+%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90+5761%E2%86%928142%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%9C+%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD+%ED%99%95%EB%8C%80&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2014%2F10%2F20%2F2014102001300.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF민경호2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">민경호 (2016-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1003564588"><bdi lang="ko">신생아 인기 이름 '민준·서연'…드라마 영향?</bdi></a> [Popular names for newborns: Min-jun and Seo-yeon ... the effect of TV dramas?] (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">Seoul Broadcasting System</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213092326/http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1003564588">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-06</span></span>. <q>신생아에게 한글 이름을 지어주는 경우는 2008년 전체의 3.5%에서 지난해에는 두 배가 넘는 7.7%에 달했습니다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%8B%A0%EC%83%9D%EC%95%84+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84+%27%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%80%C2%B7%EC%84%9C%EC%97%B0%27%E2%80%A6%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88+%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5%3F&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft.au=%EB%AF%BC%EA%B2%BD%ED%98%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sbs.co.kr%2Fnews%2FendPage.do%3Fnews_id%3DN1003564588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr/lawman/10502/preview"><bdi lang="ko">김보람(金보람)</bdi></a>. <i>한국법조인대관</i> [<i>List of Legal Professionals in Korea</i>] (in Korean). 법률신문 (The Law Times). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815130650/https://lawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr/lawman/10502/preview">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%B2%95%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%B8%EB%8C%80%EA%B4%80&rft.atitle=%EA%B9%80%EB%B3%B4%EB%9E%8C%28%E9%87%91%EB%B3%B4%EB%9E%8C%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr%2Flawman%2F10502%2Fpreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr/lawman/21732/preview"><bdi lang="ko">강보람(姜寶濫)</bdi></a>. <i>한국법조인대관</i> [<i>List of Legal Professionals in Korea</i>] (in Korean). 법률신문 (The Law Times). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813162914/https://lawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr/lawman/21732/preview">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%B2%95%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%B8%EB%8C%80%EA%B4%80&rft.atitle=%EA%B0%95%EB%B3%B4%EB%9E%8C%28%E5%A7%9C%E5%AF%B6%E6%BF%AB%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawpeople.lawtimes.co.kr%2Flawman%2F21732%2Fpreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김남일2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김남일 (2008-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/399615.html"><bdi lang="ko">한국에서 가장 긴 이름은?</bdi></a> [What's the longest name in Korea?] (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215942/http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/399615.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5+%EA%B8%B4+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84%EC%9D%80%3F&rft.date=2008-01-18&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EB%82%A8%EC%9D%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fsociety%2Fsociety_general%2F399615.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Government_Legislation_of_South_Korea" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Government_Legislation" title="Ministry of Government Legislation">Ministry of Government Legislation of South Korea</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://easylaw.go.kr/CSP/CnpClsMain.laf?csmSeq=277&ccfNo=4&cciNo=2&cnpClsNo=1"><bdi lang="ko">태아 및 신생아 > 자녀의 성명 > 이름 > 이름 관련 준수사항 (본문)</bdi></a>. <i>찾기쉬운 생활법령정보 (Easy to Find, Practical Law)</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816103229/https://easylaw.go.kr/CSP/CnpClsMain.laf?csmSeq=277&ccfNo=4&cciNo=2&cnpClsNo=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>. <q>가족관계증명서에 동일한 이름을 가진 사람이 둘 이상 있으면 이름을 특정하기 곤란한 문제가 발생합니다. 따라서 자녀의 이름은 출생자에 대한 부와 모의 가족관계증명서에 드러나는 사람(예를 들어, 출생자의 조부·조모·부·모 등)과 같은 이름을 사용한 경우에는 출생신고가 수리되지 않습니다</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0%EC%89%AC%EC%9A%B4+%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4+%28Easy+to+Find%2C+Practical+Law%29&rft.atitle=%ED%83%9C%EC%95%84+%EB%B0%8F+%EC%8B%A0%EC%83%9D%EC%95%84+%3E+%EC%9E%90%EB%85%80%EC%9D%98+%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%85+%3E+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84+%3E+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84+%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8+%EC%A4%80%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC%ED%95%AD+%28%EB%B3%B8%EB%AC%B8%29&rft.au=Ministry+of+Government+Legislation+of+South+Korea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feasylaw.go.kr%2FCSP%2FCnpClsMain.laf%3FcsmSeq%3D277%26ccfNo%3D4%26cciNo%3D2%26cnpClsNo%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Northern_Forum2006" class="citation web cs1">The Northern Forum (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060414082720/http://www.northernforum.org/servlet/download?id=2014">"Protocol Manual"</a>. Anchorage, AK: northernforum.org. p. 29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernforum.org/servlet/download?id=2014">the original</a> on 2006-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protocol+Manual&rft.place=Anchorage%2C+AK&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=northernforum.org&rft.date=2006&rft.au=The+Northern+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernforum.org%2Fservlet%2Fdownload%3Fid%3D2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proper-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-proper_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proper_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Ui-do (리의도) (2005). <bdi lang="ko">올바른 우리말 사용법</bdi> [<i>Proper usage of the Korean language</i>] (in Korean). Seoul: Yedam. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-5913-118-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-5913-118-1"><bdi>978-89-5913-118-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EC%98%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B8+%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%90+%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EB%B2%95&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Yedam&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-89-5913-118-1&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ui-do+%28%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98%EB%8F%84%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncyKorea-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0044126"><bdi lang="ko">이름</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230821081402/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0044126">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FArticle%2FE0044126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaver_Encyclopedia" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Naver Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130129141637/http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=75449">"Nickname (별명, 別名)"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Naver" title="Naver">Naver</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=75449">the original</a> on January 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nickname+%28%EB%B3%84%EB%AA%85%2C+%E5%88%A5%E5%90%8D%29&rft.pub=Naver&rft.au=Naver+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F100.naver.com%2F100.nhn%3Fdocid%3D75449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHwang1991" class="citation web cs1">Hwang, Shin Ja J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823123916/http://www.trinity.edu/org/ics/ICS%20Issues/01%20ICS%20I%202/ICS-1-2-Hwang.pdf">"Terms of Address In Korean and American Cultures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Intercultural Communication Studies I:2</i>. trinity.edu. p. 9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trinity.edu/org/ics/ICS%20Issues/01%20ICS%20I%202/ICS-1-2-Hwang.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intercultural+Communication+Studies+I%3A2&rft.atitle=Terms+of+Address+In+Korean+and+American+Cultures&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=Shin+Ja+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trinity.edu%2Forg%2Fics%2FICS%2520Issues%2F01%2520ICS%2520I%25202%2FICS-1-2-Hwang.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsk_a_Korean2008" class="citation web cs1">Ask a Korean (2008-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://askakorean.blogspot.com/2008/08/its-not-just-that-they-all-look-same.html">"It's Not Just That They All Look the Same"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013191723/http://askakorean.blogspot.com/2008/08/its-not-just-that-they-all-look-same.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+Not+Just+That+They+All+Look+the+Same&rft.date=2008-08-04&rft.au=Ask+a+Korean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faskakorean.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F08%2Fits-not-just-that-they-all-look-same.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoonParkHanLee2008" class="citation conference cs1">Yoon, Hee-geun; Park, Seong-bae; Han, Yong-jin; Lee, Sang-jo (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4584353"><i>Determining Gender of Korean Names with Context</i></a>. 2008 International Conference on Advanced Language Processing and Web Information Technology. <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, China: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">121–</span>126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FALPIT.2008.86">10.1109/ALPIT.2008.86</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617155541/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4584353/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Determining+Gender+of+Korean+Names+with+Context&rft.place=Dalian%2C+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.pub=Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FALPIT.2008.86&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Hee-geun&rft.au=Park%2C+Seong-bae&rft.au=Han%2C+Yong-jin&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sang-jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F4584353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm1988-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm1988_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNahm1988">Nahm (1988)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark2007" class="citation web cs1">Park, Chung-a (2007-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/05/113_4064.html">"Children Can Adopt Mothers Surname"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609223414/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/04/113_4064.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Children+Can+Adopt+Mothers+Surname&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Chung-a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2023%2F05%2F113_4064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee201194-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee201194_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2011">Lee (2011)</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinistry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_South_Korea2014">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea (2014)</a>: "<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">한글 성명대로 발음되면 로마자 표기법에 따른 표기가 아니어도 사용할 수 있습니다. 예: '인'에 대해 사용할 수 있는 로마자 표기</span></span> IN, INN, IHN, YIN" (Even if [your romanized name] is not in accordance with the Revised Romanization of Korean, you are allowed to use it [on your passport] as long as it can be pronounced like your Hangul name. For example, <i>IN</i>, <i>INN</i>, <i>IHN</i>, and <i>YIN</i> are permitted for <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">인</span></span>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김용2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김용 (2023-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.news.naver.com/news.nhn?oid=076&aid=0004030620"><bdi lang="ko">아버지 성은 'SHIM', 아들은 'SIM'...'헤라클래스' 부자에 무슨 사연이?</bdi></a> [Father's surname is Shim, son's is Sim... What is the story behind the "Hercules" father and son?] (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Sports_Chosun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports Chosun">Sports Chosun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022061414/https://sports.news.naver.com/news.nhn?oid=076&aid=0004030620">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span></span>. <q>심정수는 이주 과정에서 여권 신청서를 작성할 때 실수로 아들들의 성을 'SIM'으로 적었다고 한다. 뒤늦게 실수를 알았지만, 다시 이름을 바꾸기는 어려웠다.</q> [When <a href="/wiki/Shim_Jeong-soo" title="Shim Jeong-soo">Shim Jeong-soo</a> was applying for his sons' passports to go abroad, he mistakenly wrote their surname as "SIM". He later realized his mistake, but it was too late to change.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%95%84%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80+%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%80+%27SHIM%27%2C+%EC%95%84%EB%93%A4%EC%9D%80+%27SIM%27...%27%ED%97%A4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%B4%EB%9E%98%EC%8A%A4%27+%EB%B6%80%EC%9E%90%EC%97%90+%EB%AC%B4%EC%8A%A8+%EC%82%AC%EC%97%B0%EC%9D%B4%3F&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EC%9A%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.news.naver.com%2Fnews.nhn%3Foid%3D076%26aid%3D0004030620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Institute_of_Korean_Language2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Korean_Language" title="National Institute of Korean Language">National Institute of Korean Language</a> (2009-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=etcData&c_file_name=80f65ee3-98ee-4e75-8f76-ebe941ba1597.pdf&o_file_name=%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0%ED%9A%8C-%EC%9D%B8%EC%87%84%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">성씨 로마자 표기 방안 마련을 위한 토론회</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Korean). pp. 57, 58, 60, 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8+%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0+%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88+%EB%A7%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%9D%84+%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C+%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0%ED%9A%8C&rft.pages=57%2C+58%2C+60%2C+61&rft.date=2009-06-25&rft.au=National+Institute+of+Korean+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.go.kr%2Fcommon%2Fdownload.do%3Ffile_path%3DetcData%26c_file_name%3D80f65ee3-98ee-4e75-8f76-ebe941ba1597.pdf%26o_file_name%3D%25ED%2586%25A0%25EB%25A1%25A0%25ED%259A%258C-%25EC%259D%25B8%25EC%2587%2584%25EC%25B5%259C%25EC%25A2%2585.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004484–536,_793–800,_''passim''-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004484–536,_793–800,_''passim''_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYonhap2004">Yonhap (2004)</a>, pp. 484–536, 793–800, <i>passim</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004561–608,_807–810,_''passim''-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004561–608,_807–810,_''passim''_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYonhap2004">Yonhap (2004)</a>, pp. 561–608, 807–810, <i>passim</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004438–457-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYonhap2004438–457_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYonhap2004">Yonhap (2004)</a>, pp. 438–457.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinistry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_South_Korea2014">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea (2014)</a>: "<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이름의 글자를 띄어 쓰면 외국에서 중간 이름으로 인식되므로 될 수 있으면 붙여서 사용하시기 바랍니다.</span></span>" (If there is a space between each syllable of your given name, [the second syllable] will be perceived as a middle name outside Korea. Therefore, we recommend concatenating syllables.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinistry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_South_Korea2014">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea (2014)</a>: "Q: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이름을 한 글자씩 띄어서 로마자로 표기했더니 해외에서는 중간 이름(미들네임)으로 인식되어 불편합니다. 붙여 쓰기로 변경할 수 있나요?</span></span> / A: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">1회에 한해 붙여 쓰도록 변경할 수 있습니다.</span></span>" (Question: My given name [on my passport] has a space between each syllable. This is inconvenient because [the second syllable] is perceived as a middle name outside Korea. Can I have the space removed? / Answer: You can have the space removed only once.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEom2011" class="citation conference cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eom, Ik-sang (엄익상) (2011-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do;front=C418D688FF0397643BC44229B5369EE8?file_path=etcData&c_file_name=8be7c78f-847f-4769-a06b-248f590cd4be.pdf&o_file_name=%EC%A0%9C2%ED%9A%8C_%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85_%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C%EC%A7%91.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">로마자표기법: 국내표준과 국제표준</bdi></a> [<i>Romanization system [of Korean]: domestic and international standards</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 국어 정책 토론회 (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Korean_Language" title="National Institute of Korean Language">National Institute of Korean Language</a>. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828034248/https://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do;front=C418D688FF0397643BC44229B5369EE8?file_path=etcData&c_file_name=8be7c78f-847f-4769-a06b-248f590cd4be.pdf&o_file_name=%EC%A0%9C2%ED%9A%8C_%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85_%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C%EC%A7%91.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2023-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95%3A+%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EA%B3%BC+%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Korean+Language&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.aulast=Eom&rft.aufirst=Ik-sang+%28%EC%97%84%EC%9D%B5%EC%83%81%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean.go.kr%2Fcommon%2Fdownload.do%3Bfront%3DC418D688FF0397643BC44229B5369EE8%3Ffile_path%3DetcData%26c_file_name%3D8be7c78f-847f-4769-a06b-248f590cd4be.pdf%26o_file_name%3D%25EC%25A0%259C2%25ED%259A%258C_%25EA%25B5%25AD%25EC%2596%25B4_%25EC%25A0%2595%25EC%25B1%2585_%25ED%2586%25A0%25EB%25A1%25A0%25ED%259A%258C_%25EC%259E%2590%25EB%25A3%258C%25EC%25A7%2591.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPower2008" class="citation journal cs1">Power, John (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130073413/http://theindexer.org/files/26-2/26-2-cp4_002.pdf">"Japanese names"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Indexer</i>. <b>26</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">2–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Findexer.2008.29">10.3828/indexer.2008.29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-4131">0019-4131</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theindexer.org/files/26-2/26-2-cp4_002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indexer&rft.atitle=Japanese+names&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Findexer.2008.29&rft.issn=0019-4131&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindexer.org%2Ffiles%2F26-2%2F26-2-cp4_002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee19831134-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee19831134_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee1983">Lee (1983)</a>, p. 1134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoon2023" class="citation web cs1">Koon, Wee Kek (2023-02-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3210116/north-koreas-kim-jong-un-has-enforced-name-taboo-chinese-emperors-once-did-chinese-culture-has-other">"Chinese culture, like North Korea, has taboo words; they just aren't illegal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722004013/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3210116/north-koreas-kim-jong-un-has-enforced-name-taboo-chinese-emperors-once-did-chinese-culture-has-other">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Chinese+culture%2C+like+North+Korea%2C+has+taboo+words%3B+they+just+aren%27t+illegal&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft.aulast=Koon&rft.aufirst=Wee+Kek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fmagazines%2Fpost-magazine%2Fshort-reads%2Farticle%2F3210116%2Fnorth-koreas-kim-jong-un-has-enforced-name-taboo-chinese-emperors-once-did-chinese-culture-has-other&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._2_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToh1999">Toh (1999)</a>, sec. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang1990" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chang, Sekyung (장세경) (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T2179775"><bdi lang="ko">고대 복수인명 표기의 음성·음운론적 고찰</bdi></a> [Phonetic and phonological study on the different transcriptions of the same personal names] (in Korean). Seoul: <a href="/wiki/Dongguk_University" title="Dongguk University">Dongguk University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80+%EB%B3%B5%EC%88%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AA%85+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%98+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%C2%B7%EC%9D%8C%EC%9A%B4%EB%A1%A0%EC%A0%81+%EA%B3%A0%EC%B0%B0&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Dongguk+University&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Sekyung+%28%EC%9E%A5%EC%84%B8%EA%B2%BD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riss.kr%2Flink%3Fid%3DT2179775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._3-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999sec._3_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToh1999">Toh (1999)</a>, sec. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToh1999-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToh1999_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToh1999">Toh (1999)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaver_Encyclopedia" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Naver Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130129173426/http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=131083">"Courtesy name (자, 字)"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Naver" title="Naver">Naver</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=131083">the original</a> on January 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courtesy+name+%28%EC%9E%90%2C+%E5%AD%97%29&rft.pub=Naver&rft.au=Naver+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F100.naver.com%2F100.nhn%3Fdocid%3D131083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/09/economist-explains-5">"Why so many Koreans are called Kim"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 2014-09-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116223703/https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/09/economist-explains-5">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Why+so+many+Koreans+are+called+Kim&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feconomist-explains%2F2014%2F09%2Feconomist-explains-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/front/ta/view.do?levelId=ta_h62_0020_0030_0030">"(3) 사회 구조의 변동"</a>. <i>우리역사넷</i> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Korean_History" title="National Institute of Korean History">National Institute of Korean History</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120314/http://contents.history.go.kr/front/ta/view.do?levelId=ta_h62_0020_0030_0030">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%84%B7&rft.atitle=%283%29+%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%98+%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Ffront%2Fta%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dta_h62_0020_0030_0030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_039_0040_0040_0030_0010">"3) 양반 신분의 동향"</a>. <i>우리역사넷</i> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Korean_History" title="National Institute of Korean History">National Institute of Korean History</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120212/http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_039_0040_0040_0030_0010">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%84%B7&rft.atitle=3%29+%EC%96%91%EB%B0%98+%EC%8B%A0%EB%B6%84%EC%9D%98+%EB%8F%99%ED%96%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Ffront%2Fnh%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dnh_039_0040_0040_0030_0010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF이권형김수한2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">이권형; 김수한 (2010-05-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120324/http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20100526000135">"한국족보박물관 개관…'족보 문화'의 메카 대전을 가다"</a>. <i>헤럴드경제</i> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Herald_Corporation" title="Herald Corporation">Herald Corporation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20100526000135">the original</a> on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%97%A4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A1%B1%EB%B3%B4%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80+%EA%B0%9C%EA%B4%80%E2%80%A6%27%EC%A1%B1%EB%B3%B4+%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%27%EC%9D%98+%EB%A9%94%EC%B9%B4+%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%84+%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%EA%B6%8C%ED%98%95&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EC%88%98%ED%95%9C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiz.heraldcorp.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20100526000135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ki-baik_Lee" title="Ki-baik Lee">Lee, Ki-baik</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofkore0000leek"><i>A New History of Korea</i></a></span>. Translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Shultz, Edward J. Seoul: Ilchokak. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-337-0204-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-337-0204-8"><bdi>978-89-337-0204-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Korea&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Ilchokak&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-89-337-0204-8&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ki-baik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewhistoryofkore0000leek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1983117-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1983117_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee1983">Lee (1983)</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/7.htm">Korea Under Japanese Rule.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103013022/http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/7.htm">Archived</a> 2016-11-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm1988233-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm1988233_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNahm1988">Nahm (1988)</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmpas_Encyclopedia" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Empas Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325194830/http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?i=187854&v=43">"Changssi Gaemyeong (창씨개명, 創氏改名)"</a> (in Korean). empas.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?i=187854&v=43">the original</a> on 2007-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changssi+Gaemyeong+%28%EC%B0%BD%EC%94%A8%EA%B0%9C%EB%AA%85%2C+%E5%89%B5%E6%B0%8F%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D%29&rft.pub=empas.com&rft.au=Empas+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F100.empas.com%2Fdicsearch%2Fpentry.html%3Fi%3D187854%26v%3D43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSong-i2021" class="citation web cs1">Song-i (2021-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koreatruly.com/korean-names/">"How Korean Names Work | Order Of First Names, Kim Surname, And More"</a>. <i>Korea Truly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223062015/https://koreatruly.com/korean-names/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korea+Truly&rft.atitle=How+Korean+Names+Work+%7C+Order+Of+First+Names%2C+Kim+Surname%2C+And+More&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.au=Song-i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkoreatruly.com%2Fkorean-names%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Hong-jik (이홍직), ed. (1983). "<i>Ja</i>, Courtesy Name (자)". <i>새國史事典</i> [<i>New encyclopedia of Korean history</i>] (in Korean). Seoul: Kyohaksa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-09-00506-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-09-00506-7"><bdi>978-89-09-00506-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ja%2C+Courtesy+Name+%28%EC%9E%90%29&rft.btitle=%EC%83%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Kyohaksa&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-89-09-00506-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Sang-oak (이상억) (2011-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korean.go.kr/common/download.do;front=1EC82A886C3B715225C134A1B980A81E?file_path=reportData&c_file_name=f9750bb4-86f8-4f92-be3b-ee7810ab0914_0.pdf&o_file_name=%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8%EC%9D%98%20%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%20%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%20%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%20%EB%A7%88%EB%A0%A8%20%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">성씨의 로마자 표기 정책 마련 연구</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report) (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism" title="Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism">Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8%EC%9D%98+%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0+%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85+%EB%A7%88%EB%A0%A8+%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture%2C+Sports+and+Tourism&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sang-oak+%28%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%EC%96%B5%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorean.go.kr%2Fcommon%2Fdownload.do%3Bfront%3D1EC82A886C3B715225C134A1B980A81E%3Ffile_path%3DreportData%26c_file_name%3Df9750bb4-86f8-4f92-be3b-ee7810ab0914_0.pdf%26o_file_name%3D%25EC%2584%25B1%25EC%2594%25A8%25EC%259D%2598%2520%25EB%25A1%259C%25EB%25A7%2588%25EC%259E%2590%2520%25ED%2591%259C%25EA%25B8%25B0%2520%25EC%25A0%2595%25EC%25B1%2585%2520%25EB%25A7%2588%25EB%25A0%25A8%2520%25EC%2597%25B0%25EA%25B5%25AC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_South_Korea2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002022611/http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/us-ko/brd/m_4477/down.do?brd_id=13922&seq=1129911&data_tp=A&file_seq=1"><bdi lang="ko">여권의 한글 성명, 로마자(영문 알파벳)로는 어떻게 표기하나요?</bdi></a> [How do I romanize my Hangul name on my passport?] (in Korean). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/us-ko/brd/m_4477/down.do?brd_id=13922&seq=1129911&data_tp=A&file_seq=1">the original</a> on 2024-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%97%AC%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%98+%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%85%2C+%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%28%EC%98%81%EB%AC%B8+%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C%EB%B2%B3%29%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%94+%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94%3F&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+South+Korea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foverseas.mofa.go.kr%2Fus-ko%2Fbrd%2Fm_4477%2Fdown.do%3Fbrd_id%3D13922%26seq%3D1129911%26data_tp%3DA%26file_seq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNahm1988" class="citation book cs1">Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). <i>Korea: Tradition and Transformation – A History of the Korean People</i>. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930878-56-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930878-56-6"><bdi>978-0-930878-56-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea%3A+Tradition+and+Transformation+%E2%80%93+A+History+of+the+Korean+People&rft.place=Elizabeth%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Hollym+International&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-930878-56-6&rft.aulast=Nahm&rft.aufirst=Andrew+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToh1999" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Toh, Soo-hee (도수희) (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1999_4/1999_0411.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">한국 성명의 생성 발달</bdi></a> [Formation and Development of Korean Names] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Korean). New Korean Life (새국어생활)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98+%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1+%EB%B0%9C%EB%8B%AC&rft.pub=New+Korean+Life+%28%EC%83%88%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%29&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Toh&rft.aufirst=Soo-hee+%28%EB%8F%84%EC%88%98%ED%9D%AC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean.go.kr%2Fnkview%2Fnklife%2F1999_4%2F1999_0411.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYonhap2004" class="citation book cs1">Yonhap (2004). <i>Korea Annual 2004</i> (41st annual ed.). Seoul: <a href="/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-7433-070-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-7433-070-5"><bdi>978-89-7433-070-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea+Annual+2004&rft.place=Seoul&rft.edition=41st+annual&rft.pub=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-89-7433-070-5&rft.au=Yonhap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+name" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_name&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Korean_surnames" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Korean surnames">Korean surnames</a> on Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210122831/http://proxy.saga-wjc.ac.jp/nagasawa/ilbon/hanto-kokugo/hanto-index.htm">Examples of Koreans who used Japanese names</a>: by <a href="/wiki/Saga_Women%27s_Junior_College" title="Saga Women's Junior College">Saga Women's Junior College</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy390" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames <br />by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_names" title="Sakha names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_names" title="Mizo names">Mizo (Lushai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List of</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">authority</a> / <a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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