CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pilgrimage - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5aac183d-3346-42ec-8017-93e0dd7038cf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pilgrimage","wgTitle":"Pilgrimage","wgCurRevisionId":1257940069,"wgRevisionId":1257940069,"wgArticleId":23763,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: others","Accuracy disputes from May 2022","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2022","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Persian-language text", "Articles containing Urdu-language text","Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text","Commons link from Wikidata","Pilgrimage","Religious tourism"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pilgrimage","wgRelevantArticleId":23763,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Pilgrim","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Pilgrimage","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1644573","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1680"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="896"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pilgrimage - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pilgrimage rootpage-Pilgrimage skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pilgrimage" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pilgrimage" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pilgrimage" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pilgrimage" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahá'í_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahá'í_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bahá'í Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahá'í_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ziyarat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziyarat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ziyarat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziyarat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Shia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Taoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoroastrianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoroastrianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Zoroastrianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoroastrianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_pilgrimage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_pilgrimage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Cultural pilgrimage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_pilgrimage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meher_Baba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meher_Baba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Meher Baba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meher_Baba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yazidism_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yazidism_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Yazidism religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yazidism_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pilgrimage</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelgrimstog" title="Pelgrimstog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pelgrimstog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelegrinache" title="Pelegrinache – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pelegrinache" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelegrinaci%C3%B3n" title="Pelegrinación – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pelegrinación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99vvarl%C4%B1q" title="Zəvvarlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zəvvarlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তীর্থযাত্রা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তীর্থযাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Паломніцтва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паломніцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Поклонничество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Поклонничество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelegrinatge" title="Pelegrinatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pelegrinatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BD%C3%A7%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Чунçӳрев – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чунçӳрев" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pou%C5%A5" title="Pouť – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pouť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pererindod" title="Pererindod – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pererindod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimsf%C3%A6rd" title="Pilgrimsfærd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pilgrimsfærd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallfahrt" title="Wallfahrt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wallfahrt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palver%C3%A4nnak" title="Palverännak – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palverännak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Προσκύνημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσκύνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrinaci%C3%B3n" title="Peregrinación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peregrinación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimado" title="Pilgrimado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pilgrimado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromesaldi" title="Erromesaldi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromesaldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سفر زیارتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سفر زیارتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinage" title="Pèlerinage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pèlerinage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beafeart" title="Beafeart – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beafeart" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilithreacht" title="Oilithreacht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oilithreacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taistealachd" title="Taistealachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Taistealachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrinaci%C3%B3n" title="Peregrinación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peregrinación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EB%A1%80" title="순례 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="순례" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="तीर्थ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तीर्थ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodo%C4%8Da%C5%A1%C4%87e" title="Hodočašće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hodočašće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimo" title="Pilgrimo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pilgrimo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarah" title="Ziarah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ziarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelegrinage" title="Pelegrinage – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pelegrinage" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlagr%C3%ADmsfer%C3%B0" title="Pílagrímsferð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pílagrímsferð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellegrinaggio" title="Pellegrinaggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pellegrinaggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C" title="עלייה לרגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עלייה לרגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarah_Kubur" title="Ziarah Kubur – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ziarah Kubur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielgrzimka" title="Pielgrzimka – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pielgrzimka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Пилигрим – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пилигрим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hija" title="Hija – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hija" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelerinaj" title="Pelerinaj – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pelerinaj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrinatio_(religio)" title="Peregrinatio (religio) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peregrinatio (religio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%93tce%C4%BCojums" title="Svētceļojums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svētceļojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piligrimin%C4%97_kelion%C4%97" title="Piligriminė kelionė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Piligriminė kelionė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baevaart" title="Baevaart – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Baevaart" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar%C3%A1ndoklat" title="Zarándoklat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zarándoklat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivahiniana_masina" title="Fivahiniana masina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fivahiniana masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="തീർത്ഥാടനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തീർത്ഥാടനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarah" title="Ziarah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ziarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedevaart" title="Bedevaart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bedevaart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तीर्थयात्रा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तीर्थयात्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A1%E7%A4%BC" title="巡礼 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="巡礼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinnage" title="Pèlerinnage – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pèlerinnage" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelegrinatge" title="Pelegrinatge – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pelegrinatge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziyorat" title="Ziyorat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ziyorat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="زيارت کول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زيارت کول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielgrzymka" title="Pielgrzymka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pielgrzymka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Peregrinação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peregrinação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelerinaj" title="Pelerinaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pelerinaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Паломництво – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Паломництво" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Паломничество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паломничество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pilgrimage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanje" title="Romanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Romanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B5" title="Ходочашће – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ходочашће" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodo%C4%8Da%C5%A1%C4%87e" title="Hodočašće – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hodočašće" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyhiinvaellus" title="Pyhiinvaellus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhiinvaellus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrination" title="Peregrination – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peregrination" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="యాత్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యాత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D" title="การจาริกแสวงบุญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การจาริกแสวงบุญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hac" title="Hac – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hac" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Паломництво – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паломництво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AC" title="ھەج – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھەج" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nh_h%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_(t%C3%B4n_gi%C3%A1o)" title="Hành hương (tôn giáo) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hành hương (tôn giáo)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelrinaedje" title="Pelrinaedje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pelrinaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3" title="朝圣 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朝圣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96" title="朝聖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朝聖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hec" title="Hec – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hec" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96" title="朝聖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝聖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1644573#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pilgrimage" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pilgrimage" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pilgrimage" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&oldid=1257940069" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pilgrimage&id=1257940069&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPilgrimage"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPilgrimage"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pilgrimage&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pilgrimage" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1644573" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrim&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">Pilgrim</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Journey or search of moral or spiritual significance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pilgrimage (disambiguation)">Pilgrimage (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pilgrim (disambiguation)">Pilgrim (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg/170px-Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg/255px-Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg/340px-Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><i>Pilgrim</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Tattarescu" title="Gheorghe Tattarescu">Gheorghe Tattarescu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pilgrimage</b> is a journey to a holy place, which can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>pilgrim</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>peregrinus</i>) is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journey (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">Religious tourism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Jan_van_Scorel_-_Five_Members_of_the_Utrecht_Brotherhood_of_Jerusalem_Pilgrims_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3809" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption>Five Members of the Utrecht Brotherhood of Jerusalem Pilgrims</figcaption></figure> <p>Pilgrimages frequently involve a <a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">journey</a> or search of <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> significance. Typically, it is a journey to a <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> or other location of importance to a person's <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">beliefs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a>, although sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone's own beliefs. </p><p>Many religions attach spiritual importance to particular places: the place of birth or death of founders or saints, or to the place of their "calling" or spiritual awakening, or of their connection (visual or verbal) with the divine, to locations where miracles were performed or witnessed, or locations where a deity is said to live or be "housed", or any site that is seen to have special spiritual powers. Such sites may be commemorated with shrines or temples that devotees are encouraged to visit for their own spiritual benefit: to be healed or have questions answered or to achieve some other spiritual benefit. </p><p>A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim. As a common human experience, pilgrimage has been proposed as a Jungian archetype by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Clift" title="Wallace Clift">Wallace Clift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dalby_Clift" title="Jean Dalby Clift">Jean Dalby Clift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some research has shown that people who engage in pilgrimage walks enjoy biological, psychological, social, and spiritual therapeutic benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> acts as a focal point for the pilgrimages of the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. According to a <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a> study in 2011, these <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> visit the Holy Land to touch and see physical manifestations of their <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a>, confirm their beliefs in the holy context with collective excitation, and connect personally to the Holy Land.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing,_450-425_BC,_Prague_NM-HM10_771,_151792.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg/170px-Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg/255px-Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg/340px-Man_wearing_pilgrim_clothing%2C_450-425_BC%2C_Prague_NM-HM10_771%2C_151792.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3243" data-file-height="4865" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Greek <i>lekythos</i> showing a pilgrim from 450-425 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Pilgrims and the making of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimages">pilgrimages</a> are common in many <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religions</a>, including the faiths of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraic period</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> customs of consulting the <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">gods</a> at local <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracles</a>, such as those at <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a> or <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, are widely known. In <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, pilgrimages could either be personal or state-sponsored.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian mysteries</a> included a pilgrimage. The procession to <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a> began at the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> cemetery <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a> and from there the participants walked to Eleusis, along the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Way" title="Sacred Way">Sacred Way</a> (Ἱερὰ Ὁδός, <i>Hierá Hodós</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early period of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Hebrew history</a>, pilgrims traveled to <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(Biblical_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiloh (Biblical city)">Shiloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_(biblical_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan (biblical city)">Dan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a>, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Three_Pilgrimage_Festivals" title="Three Pilgrimage Festivals">Three Pilgrimage Festivals</a>, a practice followed by other <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religions</a>). These festivals, including Passover, Tabernacles, and Shavout, often involved journeys that reflected a physical and spiritual movement, similar to the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">tirtha</a> yātrā" in Hinduism, where "tirtha" means "ford" or "crossing," and "yatra" signifies a journey or procession.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many pilgrims travel toward a specific location, a physical destination is not always a necessity. One group of pilgrims in early <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a> were the <i>Peregrinari Pro Christ</i>, (Pilgrims for Christ), or "white martyrs", who left their homes to wander in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This form of pilgrimage, akin to the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a>" in Islam, which means "procession," was an <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a> religious practice, as the pilgrim left the security of home and the <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> for an unknown destination, trusting completely in <a href="/wiki/Divine_Providence" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Providence">Divine Providence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These travels often resulted in the founding of new <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbeys</a> and the spread of Christianity among the pagan population in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Britain</a> and in continental Europe. </p><p>The ceremonial center <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar" title="Chavín de Huántar">Chavín de Huántar</a> served as a gathering place for people of the pre-<a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> culture <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavín</a> to come together, to attend and participate in rituals, consult an oracle, worship or enter a cult, and collect ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahá'í_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.27.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Bahá'í Faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bahá'í Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í pilgrimage">Bahá'í pilgrimage</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a> decreed pilgrimage to two places in the <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a>: the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h,_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bahá'u'lláh, Baghdad">House of Bahá'u'lláh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad, Iraq">Baghdad, Iraq</a>, and the House of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shiraz,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiraz, Iran">Shiraz, Iran</a>. Later, <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a> designated the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh">Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh</a> at Bahji, Israel as a site of pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-oneworld_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneworld-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designated sites for pilgrimage are currently not accessible to the majority of Bahá'ís, as they are in Iraq and Iran respectively, and thus when Bahá'ís currently refer to pilgrimage, it refers to a nine-day pilgrimage which consists of visiting the holy places at the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_World_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í World Centre">Bahá'í World Centre</a> in northwest Israel in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mansion_of_Bahj%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansion of Bahjí">Bahjí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oneworld_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneworld-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Buddhist pilgrimage</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_pilgrim,_Rewalsar,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg/170px-Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg/255px-Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg/340px-Tibetan_pilgrim%2C_Rewalsar%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Tibetan pilgrim, <a href="/wiki/Rewalsar_Lake" title="Rewalsar Lake">Rewalsar Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>Places of pilgrimage in the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> world include those associated with the life of the historical <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>: his supposed birthplace and childhood home (<a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)" title="Kapilavastu (ancient city)">Kapilavastu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>) and place of enlightenment (<a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>), other places he is believed to have visited and the place of his death (or Parinirvana), <a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a>, India. Others include the many temples and monasteries with relics of the Buddha or Buddhist saints such as the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and the numerous sites associated with teachers and patriarchs of the various traditions. <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> pilgrimage destinations may be holy cities (<a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a>); rivers (the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>); mountains (several <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> peaks are sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists); caves (such as the <a href="/wiki/Batu_Caves" title="Batu Caves">Batu Caves</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>); temples; festivals, such as the peripatetic <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a>, in 2001 the biggest public gathering in history;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the tombs and dwelling places of saints (<a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, there are four places of pilgrimage which are tied to the life of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a>: Buddha's birthplace (in Nepal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>: place of <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (Buddhism)">Enlightenment</a> (in the current <a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a>, Bihar, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a>: (formally Isipathana, Uttar pradesh, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) where he delivered his first sermon (<a href="/wiki/Dhammacakkappavattana_Sutta" title="Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta">Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta</a>), and the Buddha taught about the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusinara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusinara">Kusinara</a>: (now <a href="/wiki/Kusinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusinagar">Kusinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) where he attained <i><a href="/wiki/Mahaparinirvana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaparinirvana">mahaparinirvana</a></i> (died)</li></ul> <p>Other pilgrimage places in India and Nepal connected Gautama Buddha's life are: <a href="/wiki/Savatthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Savatthi">Savatthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Pataliputta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesali" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesali">Vesali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankasia">Sankasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)" title="Kapilavastu (ancient city)">Kapilavastu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosambi,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosambi, India">Kosambi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajagaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagaha">Rajagaha</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg/220px-Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg/330px-Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg/440px-Pilgrimage_to_Lhasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a> on a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, doing full-body <a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">prostrations</a>, often for the entire length of the journey</figcaption></figure> <p>Other famous places for Buddhist pilgrimage include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, also see <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India">Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wat_Phra_Kaew" title="Wat Phra Kaew">Wat Phra Kaew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wat_Pho" title="Wat Pho">Wat Pho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wat_Doi_Suthep" class="mw-redirect" title="Wat Doi Suthep">Wat Doi Suthep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phra_Pathom_Chedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Pathom Chedi">Phra Pathom Chedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_historical_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhothai historical park">Sukhothai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_historical_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayutthaya historical park">Ayutthaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> (traditional home of the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nam-tso" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Nam-tso">Lake Nam-tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wat_Botum" title="Wat Botum">Wat Botum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wat_Ounalom" title="Wat Ounalom">Wat Ounalom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wat_Botum" title="Wat Botum">Wat Botum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Pagoda" title="Silver Pagoda">Silver Pagoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonnaruwa" title="Polonnaruwa">Polonnaruwa</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pha_That_Luang" title="Pha That Luang">Pha That Luang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luang_Prabang" title="Luang Prabang">Luang Prabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Maha_Vihara,_Brickfields" title="Buddhist Maha Vihara, Brickfields">KL Buddhist Maha Vihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shwedagon_Pagoda" title="Shwedagon Pagoda">Shwedagon Pagoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahamuni_Buddha_Temple" title="Mahamuni Buddha Temple">Mahamuni Buddha Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyaiktiyo_Pagoda" title="Kyaiktiyo Pagoda">Kyaiktiyo Pagoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan">Bagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagaing" title="Sagaing">Sagaing Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandalay_Hill" title="Mandalay Hill">Mandalay Hill</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boudhanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Boudhanath">Boudhanath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swayambhunath" title="Swayambhunath">Swayambhunath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendut" title="Mendut">Mendut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewu" title="Sewu">Sewu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fo_Guang_Shan" title="Fo Guang Shan">Fo Guang Shan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Drum_Mountain" title="Dharma Drum Mountain">Dharma Drum Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chung_Tai_Shan" title="Chung Tai Shan">Chung Tai Shan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tzu_Chi" title="Tzu Chi">Tzu Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>: <a href="/wiki/Po_Lin_Monastery" title="Po Lin Monastery">Po Lin Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: Yung-kang, Lung-men caves. The <a href="/wiki/Five_Sacred_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Sacred Mountains">Four Sacred Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage" title="Shikoku Pilgrimage">Shikoku Pilgrimage</a>, 88 temple pilgrimage on the island of <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_100_Kannon_Pilgrimage" title="Japan 100 Kannon Pilgrimage">Japan 100 Kannon Pilgrimage</a>, pilgrimage composed of the Saigoku, Bandō and Chichibu pilgrimages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saigoku_Kannon_Pilgrimage" title="Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage">Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage</a>, pilgrimage in the <a href="/wiki/Kansai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansai">Kansai</a> region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band%C5%8D_Sanj%C5%ABsankasho" title="Bandō Sanjūsankasho">Bandō Sanjūsankasho</a>, pilgrimage in the <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichibu_34_Kannon_Sanctuary" title="Chichibu 34 Kannon Sanctuary">Chichibu 34 Kannon Sanctuary</a>, pilgrimage in <a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama Prefecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_33_Kannon_Pilgrimage" title="Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage">Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage</a>, pilgrimage in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_K%C5%8Dya" title="Mount Kōya">Mount Kōya</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Christian pilgrimage</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4730" data-file-height="3990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> according to tradition is the site where <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> was <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucified</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrected</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_(36)_-_Jul_2008_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Santu%C3%A1rio_de_F%C3%A1tima_%2836%29_-_Jul_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1921" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Sanctuary of Fátima">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima</a> is one of the largest pilgrimage sites (<a href="/wiki/Shrines_to_the_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrines to the Virgin Mary">Marian shrine</a>) in the world.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/170px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/255px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/340px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption>Modern Orthodox pilgrim in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a>, Ukraine</figcaption></figure> <p>In the spiritual literature of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the concept of pilgrim and pilgrimage may refer to the experience of life in <a href="/wiki/World_(theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (theology)">the world</a> (considered as a period of exile) or to the inner path of the spiritual aspirant from a state of wretchedness to a state of beatitude.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian pilgrimage was first made to sites connected with the birth, life, crucifixion and resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. Aside from the early example of <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> in the third century, surviving descriptions of Christian pilgrimages to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> date from the 4th century, when pilgrimage was encouraged by church fathers including <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Saint Jerome</a>, and established by <a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Saint Helena</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I and Christianity">Constantine the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1894, Christian ministers under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a> were appointed to travel to and work with local <a href="/wiki/Bible_Students_movement#International_Bible_Students_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Students movement">Bible Students</a> congregations for a few days at a time; within a few years appointments were extended internationally, formally designated as "pilgrims", and scheduled for twice-yearly, week-long visits at each local congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bible_Students_movement#International_Bible_Students_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Students movement">International Bible Students Association</a> (IBSA) pilgrims were excellent speakers, and their local talks were typically well-publicized and well-attended.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent Bible Students <a href="/wiki/A._H._Macmillan" class="mw-redirect" title="A. H. Macmillan">A. H. Macmillan</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._F._Rutherford" class="mw-redirect" title="J. F. Rutherford">J. F. Rutherford</a> were both appointed pilgrims before they joined the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Watch_Tower_Bible_and_Tract_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania">Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania</a>; the IBSA later adopted the name <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> and renamed pilgrims as <i><a href="/wiki/Traveling_overseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveling overseer">traveling overseers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The purpose of Christian pilgrimage was summarized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> in this way:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To go on pilgrimage is not simply to visit a place to admire its treasures of nature, art or history. To go on pilgrimage really means to step out of ourselves in order to encounter God where he has revealed himself, where his grace has shone with particular splendour and produced rich fruits of conversion and holiness among those who believe. Above all, Christians go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land, to the places associated with the Lord's passion, death and resurrection. They go to Rome, the city of the martyrdom of Peter and Paul, and also to Compostela, which, associated with the memory of Saint James, has welcomed pilgrims from throughout the world who desire to strengthen their spirit with the Apostle's witness of faith and love.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pilgrimages were, and are, also made to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and other sites associated with the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve apostles">apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">Christian martyrs</a>, as well as to places where there have been <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian apparitions">apparitions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>. A popular pilgrimage journey is along the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_St._James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of St. James">Way of St. James</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Santiago de Compostela Cathedral</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, Spain, where the <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> of the apostle <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a> is located. A combined pilgrimage was held every seven years in the three nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kornelim%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Kornelimünster Abbey">Kornelimünster</a> where many important relics could be seen (see: <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_the_Relics,_Maastricht" title="Pilgrimage of the Relics, Maastricht">Pilgrimage of the Relics, Maastricht</a>). Marian pilgrimages remain very popular in <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage#Latin_America" title="Christian pilgrimage">Latin America</a>. </p><p>The Catholic priest Frank Fahey writes that a pilgrim is "always in danger of becoming a tourist" and vice versa, and describes pilgrimages as journeys containing "faith expectancy", a search for wholeness, that are often solitary and employing silence to create an <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">internal sacred space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fahey_2002_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahey_2002-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha (Hinduism)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Hindu pilgrimage sites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism#Pilgrimage" title="Hinduism">Hinduism § Pilgrimage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg/220px-Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg/330px-Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg/440px-Darshan_at_badrinath_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrims enter the <a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a> in Uttarakhand, India for a <a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%9Bana" class="mw-redirect" title="Darśana">darśana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam,_Allahabd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/220px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/330px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/440px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrims along the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> during <a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag Kumbh Mela</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to Karel Werner's <i>Popular Dictionary of Hinduism</i>, "most <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> places of pilgrimage are associated with legendary events from the lives of various gods.... Almost any place can become a focus for pilgrimage, but in most cases they are sacred cities, rivers, lakes, and mountains."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindus are encouraged to undertake pilgrimages during their lifetime, though this practice is not considered absolutely mandatory. Most Hindus visit sites within their region or locale. </p> <ul><li><b>Kumbh Mela:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> is one of the largest gatherings of humans in the world where pilgrims gather to bathe in a sacred or holy river.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location is rotated among <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a> (Four Holy pilgrimage sites):</b> The famous four holy sites <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> (or alternatively the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> towns of <a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a>) compose the <i><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a></i> (<i>four abodes</i>) pilgrimage circuit.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_Yatra" title="Kanwar Yatra">Kanwar Pilgrimage</a>:</b> The Kanwar is India's largest annual religious pilgrimage. As part of this phenomenon, millions of participants gather <a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">sacred water</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ganga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganga">Ganga</a> (usually in <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaumukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumukh">Gaumukh</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sultanganj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanganj">Sultanganj</a>) and carry it across hundreds of miles to dispense as offerings in <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Śiva">Shiva</a> shrines.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Old Holy cities per Puranic Texts:</b> <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> also known as Kashi (Shiva), <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a> (Vishnu), <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a> (Krishna), <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a> (Krishna), <a href="/wiki/Paithan" title="Paithan">Paithan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a> (Parvati), <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> (Krishna) and <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> (Rama).</li> <li><b>Major Temple cities:</b> <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a>, which hosts a major <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnava</a> <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a> temple and <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> celebration; <a href="/wiki/Katra,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Katra, Jammu and Kashmir">Katra</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple" title="Vaishno Devi Temple">Vaishno Devi Temple</a>; Three comparatively recent temples of fame and huge pilgrimage are <a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Sai Baba of Shirdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_-_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala - Tirupati">Tirumala - Tirupati</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sabarimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarimala">Sabarimala</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Ayyappan" title="Ayyappan">Ayyappan</a> is worshipped.</li> <li><b>Shakti Pithas:</b> Another important set of pilgrimages are the <i><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Peethas">Shakti Pithas</a></i>, where <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">the Mother Goddess</a> is worshipped, the two principal ones being <i><a href="/wiki/Kalighat" title="Kalighat">Kalighat</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya" title="Kamakhya">Kamakhya</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Ishwarams" title="Pancha Ishwarams">Pancha Ishwarams</a></b> - the five ancient Shiva temples of Sri Lanka from classical antiquity.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> pilgrimage route of Sri Lanka</b>, an ancient <a href="/wiki/Arunagirinathar" title="Arunagirinathar">Arunagirinathar</a>-traversed Pada Yatra route of Tiruppadai temples includes the <a href="/wiki/Maviddapuram_Kandaswamy_Temple" title="Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple">Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kankesanturai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankesanturai">Kankesanturai</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nallur_Kandaswamy_temple" title="Nallur Kandaswamy temple">Nallur Kandaswamy temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a>, the Pancha Ishwaram <a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Koneswaram temple">Koneswaram temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Verugal" title="Verugal">Verugal</a> Murugan Kovil on the banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Verugal_Aru" title="Verugal Aru">Verugal Aru</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Verugal" title="Verugal">Verugal</a>, Trincomalee District, the Mandur Kandaswamy temple of <a href="/wiki/Mandur_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Mandur (Sri Lanka)">Mandur (Sri Lanka)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil_Sithira_Velayutha_Swami_Kovil" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkovil Sithira Velayutha Swami Kovil">Thirukkovil Sithira Velayutha Swami Kovil</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil" title="Thirukkovil">Thirukkovil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arugam_Bay" title="Arugam Bay">Arugam Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama (Sri Lanka)">Panamai</a> in Amparai district, the <a href="/wiki/Ukanthamalai_Murugan_Kovil" title="Ukanthamalai Murugan Kovil">Ukanthamalai Murugan Kovil</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Okanda" title="Okanda">Okanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumana_National_Park" title="Kumana National Park">Kumana National Park</a> and then through the park and <a href="/wiki/Tissamaharama" title="Tissamaharama">Tissamaharama</a> to the deity's holiest site, <a href="/wiki/Kataragama_temple" title="Kataragama temple">Kataragama temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katirkamam" class="mw-redirect" title="Katirkamam">Katirkamam</a> in the South.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holiest sites in Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaaba,_Makkah6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg/220px-Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg/330px-Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg/440px-Kaaba%2C_Makkah6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> pilgrims <a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">circumambulate</a> the black cube of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Haram_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haram Mosque">Al-Haram Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حَـجّ</span>, main pilgrimage to Mecca) is one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_pillars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Five pillars of Islam">five pillars of Islam</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">mandatory religious duty</a> for <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall86_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall86-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hajj is one of the largest annual gatherings of people in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_2013_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time_2013-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2014, two or three million people have participated in the <i>Hajj</i> annually.<sup id="cite_ref-largest_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosques in Mecca and Medina were closed in February 2020 because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the <i>hajj</i> was permitted for only a very limited number of Saudi nationals and foreigners living in Saudi Arabia starting on 29 July.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important place for Muslims is the city of Medina, the second holiest site in Islam, in Saudi Arabia, the final resting place of Muhammad in <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">Al-Masjid an-Nabawi</a> (The Mosque of the Prophet).<sup id="cite_ref-Syed_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syed-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i> (white robe of pilgrimage) is meant to show equality of all Muslim pilgrims in the eyes of Allah. 'A white has no superiority over a black, nor a black over a white. Nor does an Arab have superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab - except through piety' - statement of the Prophet Muhammad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ziyarat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></div> <p>A different form of pilgrimage is <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">ziyarat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">زِيَارَة</span> <i>ziyārah</i>, "visit"; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">زیارت</span></span>, <i>ziyārat</i>). Ziyarat generally refers to the act of visiting holy places such as tombs or shrines, often associated with the Prophet Muhammad, his family, companions, and other revered figures like legal scholars and Sufi saints. Ziyarat is a voluntary act of pilgrimage practiced by both Sunni and Shia Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-ALSYED_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALSYED-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncyIslam_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyIslam-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Hajj, which is obligatory for Muslims who are physically and financially able,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Umrah, which is highly recommended but not mandatory,<sup id="cite_ref-IslamicStudies_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IslamicStudies-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ziyarat involves visits to a variety of sacred and historically significant locations beyond Mecca. These include mosques, tombs, battlefields, mountains, caves, and other places where important spiritual or historical events in Islamic history took place.<sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeCore_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeCore-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It holds deep spiritual significance for millions of Muslims around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Springer_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springer-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One notable example is the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Magal_of_Touba" title="Grand Magal of Touba">Grand Magal of Touba</a>, 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal. About four million pilgrims participate annually to celebrate the life and teachings of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheikh_Amadou_Bamba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheikh Amadou Bamba (page does not exist)">Cheikh Amadou Bamba</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Mouride" title="Mouride">Mouride</a> brotherhood, who established the order in 1883. The pilgrimage begins on the 18th of <a href="/wiki/Safar" title="Safar">Safar</a>, the second month of the Islamic calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While ziyarat is viewed as permissible and spiritually enriching by most Sunni and Shia traditions, some fundamentalist movements, such as Salafism and Wahhabism, discourage or oppose it. These movements are characterized by a strict, literalist interpretation of Islam and opposition to practices they consider innovations, such as shrine visitation.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyBritannica_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyBritannica-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncyIslam_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyIslam-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ziyarat also includes the Ziyarat al-Imam, which refers specifically to the pilgrimage to the shrines of the Shia Imams, especially revered figures like Imam Ali and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Imam Hussein</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arba%27in_pilgrimage" title="Arba'in pilgrimage">Arba'in pilgrimage</a> is the world's largest pilgrimage and largest annual public gathering in the world, where millions of Shia Muslims travel to Karbala to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussein during the 40-day mourning period after Ashura.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shia">Shia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Arba%27in_pilgrimage" title="Arba'in pilgrimage">Arba'in pilgrimage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arba%27in" title="Arba'in">Arba'in</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imam_Reza" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Reza">Imam Reza</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City,_Iran,_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg/220px-Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg/330px-Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg/440px-Arba%27een_Pilgrimage_In_mehran_City%2C_Iran%2C_Shia_Muslim_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een Pilgrimage">Arba'een pilgrims</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mehran,_Ilam" title="Mehran, Ilam">Mehran</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Arba%27in" title="Arba'in"><i>Al-Arba‘īn</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْأَرْبَـعِـيْـن</span>, "The Forty"), <i>Chehelom</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چهلم</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چہلم</span></span>, "the fortieth [day]") or <i>Qirkhī</i>, <i>Imāmīn Qirkhī</i> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">İmamın qırxı</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمامین قیرخی</span>), "the fortieth of Imam") is a <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> Muslim religious observance that occurs <a href="/wiki/40_(number)" title="40 (number)">forty</a> days after the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Day of Ashura</a>. It commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a>, the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, which falls on the 20th or 21st day of the month of <a href="/wiki/Safar" title="Safar">Safar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> Husayn ibn Ali and 72 companions were killed by <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a>'s army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a> in 61 AH (680 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>). Arba'een or forty days is also the usual length of mourning after the death of a family member or loved one in many Muslim traditions. Arba'een is one of the largest pilgrimage gatherings on Earth, in which up to 31 million people go to the city of <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second largest holy city in the world, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, Iran, attracts more than 20 million tourists and pilgrims every year, many of whom come to pay homage to <a href="/wiki/Imam_Reza" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Reza">Imam Reza</a> (the eighth <a href="/wiki/Shi%27ite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ite">Shi'ite</a> Imam). It has been a magnet for travelers since medieval times.<sup id="cite_ref-Imam_Reza_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Imam_Reza-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-largest_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Jerusalem in Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Three_Pilgrimage_Festivals" title="Three Pilgrimage Festivals">Three Pilgrimage Festivals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerome_Western_Wall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gerome_Western_Wall.png/200px-Gerome_Western_Wall.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gerome_Western_Wall.png/300px-Gerome_Western_Wall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gerome_Western_Wall.png/400px-Gerome_Western_Wall.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, 1867</figcaption></figure> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> stood, Jerusalem was the centre of the Jewish religious life and the site of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Pilgrimage_Festivals" title="Three Pilgrimage Festivals">Three Pilgrimage Festivals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>, and all adult men who were able were required to visit and offer sacrifices (<i><a href="/wiki/Korbanot" class="mw-redirect" title="Korbanot">korbanot</a></i>) at the Temple. After the destruction of the Temple, the obligation to visit Jerusalem and to make sacrifices no longer applied. The obligation was restored with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">rebuilding of the Temple</a>, but following its destruction in 70 CE, the obligation to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and offer sacrifices again went into abeyance.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The western retaining wall of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> or "Wailing" Wall, is the remaining part of <a href="/wiki/Second_Jewish_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Jewish Temple">Second Jewish Temple</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City of Jerusalem</a> is the most sacred and visited site for Jews. Pilgrimage to this area was off-limits to Jews from 1948 to 1967, when East Jerusalem was under <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> control.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are numerous lesser Jewish pilgrimage destinations, mainly tombs of <i><a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">tzadikim</a></i>, throughout <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and all over the world, including: <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a>; <a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a>; <a href="/wiki/Uman" title="Uman">Uman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>; <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Damanhur" title="Damanhur">Damanhur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>; and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many rabbis claim that even today, after the destruction of the Temple, there is a mitzvah to make a pilgrimage on holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_(Harmandir_Sahib)_in_Amritsar,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/220px-Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/330px-Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/440px-Sikh_pilgrim_at_the_Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Sikh pilgrim at the <a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib (the Golden Temple)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, India.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sikhism does not consider pilgrimage as an act of spiritual merit. Guru Nanak went to places of pilgrimage to reclaim the fallen people, who had turned ritualists. He told them of the need to visit that temple of God, deep in the inner being of themselves. According to him: "He performs a pilgrimage who controls the <a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">five vices</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, however, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib (the Golden Temple)</a> became the spiritual and cultural centre of the Sikh faith, and if a Sikh goes on pilgrimage it is usually to this place.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Panj Takht</a> (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਤਖ਼ਤ) are the five revered <a href="/wiki/Gurdwaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwaras">gurdwaras</a> in India that are considered the thrones or seats of authority of Sikhism and are traditionally considered a pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taoism">Taoism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Taoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg/220px-%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg/330px-%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg/440px-%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%EF%BD%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%AE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Baishatun Pilgrimage: Mazu and her palanquin</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mazu" title="Mazu">Mazu</a>, also spelled as Matsu, is the most famous sea goddess in the Chinese southeastern sea area, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </p><p>Mazu Pilgrimage is more likely as an event (or temple fair), pilgrims are called as "Xiang Deng Jiao" (<i><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: xiāng dēng jiǎo,</i> it means "lantern feet" in Chinese), they would follow the Goddess's (Mazu) palanquin from her own temple to another Mazu temple. By tradition, when the village Mazu palanquin passes, the residents would offer free water and food to those pilgrims along the way. </p><p>There are 2 main Mazu pilgrimages in Taiwan, usually held between lunar January and April, depending on Mazu's will. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baishatun_Mazu_Pilgrimage" title="Baishatun Mazu Pilgrimage">Baishatun Mazu Pilgrimage</a>: this pilgrimage can be traced to 1863, from Baishantun (<a href="/wiki/Miaoli_County" title="Miaoli County">Miaoli County</a>) to Beigang (<a href="/wiki/Yunlin_County" title="Yunlin County">Yunlin County</a>) and return, not over a definite route.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dajia_Mazu_Pilgrimage" title="Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage">Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage</a>: from Dajia (<a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung City</a>) to Xingang (<a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi County</a>) and return, it runs over a definite route.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg/220px-Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg/330px-Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg/440px-Zarathustra_fire_temple_in_Yazd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3846" data-file-height="2564" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Yazd_Atash_Behram" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazd Atash Behram">Yazd Atash Behram</a> in Iran is an <a href="/wiki/Atash_Bahram" class="mw-redirect" title="Atash Bahram">Atash Bahram</a>, the highest grade of <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temple</a> in Zoroastrianism</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a> have as their main pilgrimage destinations the city of <a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a> and the temples of <a href="/wiki/Chak_Chak,_Yazd" title="Chak Chak, Yazd">Pir-e Sabz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pir-e_Naraki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pir-e Naraki (page does not exist)">Pir-e Naraki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, as well as the cities of <a href="/wiki/Navsari" title="Navsari">Navsari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Udvada" title="Udvada">Udvada</a> in India. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, there are pilgrimage destinations called <i><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Zoroastrianism)" title="Pir (Zoroastrianism)">pirs</a></i> in several provinces, although the most familiar ones are in the province of <a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the traditional Yazdi shrines, new sites may be in the process of becoming pilgrimage destinations. The ruins are the ruins of ancient <a href="/wiki/Fire_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire temples">fire temples</a>. One such site is the ruin of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian">Sassanian</a> era <a href="/wiki/Azargoshnasp_fire_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Azargoshnasp fire temple">Azargoshnasp fire temple</a> in Iran's Azarbaijan Province. Other sites are the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Bahram_fire_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahram fire temple">fire temples at Rey</a>, south of the capital <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, and the Firouzabad ruins sixty kilometres south of <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/F%C4%81rs_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fārs Province">Pars</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Atash_Behram" title="Atash Behram">Atash Behram</a> ("Fire of victory") is the highest grade of <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>. It has 16 different "kinds of fire", that is, fires gathered from 16 different sources.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently there are 9 Atash Behram, one in Yazd, Iran and the rest in Western <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. They have become a pilgrimage destination.<sup id="cite_ref-AtashBehram_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtashBehram-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India the cathedral fire temple that houses the <a href="/wiki/Udvada_Atash_Behram" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvada Atash Behram">Iranshah Atash Behram</a>, located in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Udvada" title="Udvada">Udvada</a> in the west coast province of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, is a pilgrimage destination.<sup id="cite_ref-AtashBehram_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtashBehram-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_pilgrimage">Cultural pilgrimage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural pilgrimage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg/220px-Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg/330px-Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg/440px-Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a>, like many fans of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, visited <a href="/wiki/Graceland" title="Graceland">Graceland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A modern phenomenon is the cultural pilgrimage which, while involving a personal journey, is secular in nature. Destinations for such pilgrims can include historic sites of national or cultural importance, and can be defined as places "of cultural significance: an artist's home, the location of a pivotal event or an iconic destination".<sup id="cite_ref-star_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example might be a devotee of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> visiting <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in England. Destinations for cultural pilgrims include <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Battlefield" title="Gettysburg Battlefield">Gettysburg Battlefield</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway_House" title="Ernest Hemingway House">Ernest Hemingway House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-star_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultural pilgrims may also travel on religious pilgrimage routes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_St._James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of St. James">Way of St. James</a>, with the perspective of making it a historic or architectural tour rather than – or as well as – a religious experience.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under communist regimes, devout secular pilgrims visited locations such as the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Lenin">Mausoleum of Lenin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Mao Zedong">Mausoleum of Mao Zedong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx_House" title="Karl Marx House">Birthplace of Karl Marx</a>. Such visits were sometimes state-sponsored. Sites such as these continue to attract visitors. The distinction between religious, cultural or political pilgrimage and tourism is not necessarily always clear or rigid. Pilgrimage could also refer symbolically to journeys, largely on foot, to places where the concerned person(s) expect(s) to find spiritual and/or personal salvation. In the words of adventurer-author <a href="/wiki/Jon_Krakauer" title="Jon Krakauer">Jon Krakauer</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Wild_(book)" title="Into the Wild (book)">Into The Wild</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_McCandless" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher McCandless">Christopher McCandless</a> was "a pilgrim perhaps" to Alaska in search of spiritual bliss.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meher_Baba">Meher Baba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Meher Baba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main pilgrimage sites associated with the spiritual teacher <a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a> are <a href="/wiki/Meherabad" title="Meherabad">Meherabad</a>, India, where Baba completed the "major portion"<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of his work and where his tomb is now located, and <a href="/wiki/Meherazad" class="mw-redirect" title="Meherazad">Meherazad</a>, India, where Baba resided later in his life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yazidism_religion">Yazidism religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Yazidism religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrims celebrating the Yazidi new year festival at Lalish</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a> has numerous pilgrimage sites and holy sites, with the most important being located in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Lalish" title="Lalish">Lalish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some prominent literary characters who were pilgrims include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> recounts tales told by Christian pilgrims on their way to <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> and the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>.</li> <li>In the epic poem <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> portrays himself as a pilgrim traveling through the afterlife realms of Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bunyan" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan</a> depicted multiple pilgrims (e.g., Christian – the protagonist, Faithful, Talkative, Christiana, Mercy, Old Honest, Mr. Fearing, Mr. Feeble-Mind, Mr. Ready-to-Halt, and Mr. Valiant) as well as false pilgrims (e.g., Formalist, Hypocrisy, and Mr. By-Ends) in his Christian allegory, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress" title="The Pilgrim's Progress">The Pilgrim's Progress</a></i> (1678)</li> <li>Wilfred of Ivanhoe, a <a href="/wiki/Palmer_(Pilgrim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer (Pilgrim)">palmer</a> (medieval Christian from Europe who makes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem) and the titular character of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Scott">Sir Walter Scott</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a></i></li> <li>A palmer plays a significant role representing Reason in Book II of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>'s epic poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burial_places_of_founders_of_world_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial places of founders of world religions">Burial places of founders of world religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCPT_%E2%80%93_The_Pilgrimage_Trust" title="HCPT – The Pilgrimage Trust">HCPT – The Pilgrimage Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_self-discovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Journey of self-discovery">Journey of self-discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junrei" title="Junrei">Junrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shrines" title="List of shrines">List of shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_significant_religious_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of significant religious sites">List of significant religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age_travellers" title="New Age travellers">New Age travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_(ceremony)" title="Pardon (ceremony)">Pardon (ceremony)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Pilgrimages" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia § Pilgrimages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeria">Romeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_travel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred travel">Sacred travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbridge_Hospital_of_St_Thomas_the_Martyr,_Canterbury" title="Eastbridge Hospital of St Thomas the Martyr, Canterbury">Eastbridge Hospital of St Thomas the Martyr, Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wandering" title="Russian wandering">Russian wandering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReaderWalter2014" class="citation book cs1">Reader, Ian; Walter, Tony, eds. (2014). <i>Pilgrimage in popular culture</i>. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1349126392" title="Special:BookSources/978-1349126392"><bdi>978-1349126392</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935188979">935188979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+in+popular+culture.&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935188979&rft.isbn=978-1349126392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Reframing pilgrimage : cultures in motion</i>. Coleman, Simon, 1963-, Eade, John, 1946-, European Association of Social Anthropologists. London: Routledge. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203643693" title="Special:BookSources/9780203643693"><bdi>9780203643693</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56559960">56559960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reframing+pilgrimage+%3A+cultures+in+motion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56559960&rft.isbn=9780203643693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlate2009" class="citation journal cs1">Plate, S. Brent (September 2009). "The Varieties of Contemporary Pilgrimage". <i>CrossCurrents</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 260–267. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1939-3881.2009.00078.x">10.1111/j.1939-3881.2009.00078.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170484577">170484577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CrossCurrents&rft.atitle=The+Varieties+of+Contemporary+Pilgrimage&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=260-267&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1939-3881.2009.00078.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170484577%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Plate&rft.aufirst=S.+Brent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleftCleft1996" class="citation book cs1">Cleft, Jean Darby; Cleft, Wallace (1996). <i>The Archetype of Pilgrimage: Outer Action With Inner Meaning</i>. The Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-3599-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-3599-X"><bdi>0-8091-3599-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archetype+of+Pilgrimage%3A+Outer+Action+With+Inner+Meaning&rft.pub=The+Paulist+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8091-3599-X&rft.aulast=Cleft&rft.aufirst=Jean+Darby&rft.au=Cleft%2C+Wallace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarfieldBakerFoxx2014" class="citation journal cs1">Warfield, Heather A.; Baker, Stanley B.; Foxx, Sejal B. Parikh (14 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13674676.2014.936845">"The therapeutic value of pilgrimage: a grounded theory study"</a>. <i>Mental Health, Religion & Culture</i>. <b>17</b> (8): 860–875. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13674676.2014.936845">10.1080/13674676.2014.936845</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1367-4676">1367-4676</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143623445">143623445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mental+Health%2C+Religion+%26+Culture&rft.atitle=The+therapeutic+value+of+pilgrimage%3A+a+grounded+theory+study&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=860-875&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143623445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1367-4676&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13674676.2014.936845&rft.aulast=Warfield&rft.aufirst=Heather+A.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Stanley+B.&rft.au=Foxx%2C+Sejal+B.+Parikh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F13674676.2014.936845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetti2011" class="citation news cs1">Metti, Michael Sebastian (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126124828/http://www.metti-bronner.com/Jerusalem.pdf">"Jerusalem – the most powerful brand in history"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University_School_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm University School of Business">Stockholm University School of Business</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metti-bronner.com/Jerusalem.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+University+School+of+Business&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+%E2%80%93+the+most+powerful+brand+in+history&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.aulast=Metti&rft.aufirst=Michael+Sebastian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metti-bronner.com%2FJerusalem.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanges2000" class="citation journal cs1">Hanges, James Constantine (July 2000). "Pilgrims and Pilgrimage in Ancient Greece by Matthew Dillon". <i>The Journal of Religion</i>. <b>80</b> (3): 543–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F490704">10.1086/490704</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1206041">1206041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Pilgrims+and+Pilgrimage+in+Ancient+Greece+by+Matthew+Dillon&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=543-545&rft.date=2000-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F490704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1206041%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hanges&rft.aufirst=James+Constantine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, Inge (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36776460">"Collective mysteries and Greek pilgrimage: The cases of Eleusis, Thebes and Andania, in: Excavating Pilgrimage"</a>. <i>Excavating Pilgrimage</i>: 28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315228488-3">10.4324/9781315228488-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Excavating+Pilgrimage&rft.atitle=Collective+mysteries+and+Greek+pilgrimage%3A+The+cases+of+Eleusis%2C+Thebes+and+Andania%2C+in%3A+Excavating+Pilgrimage&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315228488-3&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Inge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36776460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghHaigh2015" class="citation cs2">Singh, Rana P. B.; Haigh, Martin J. (2015), Brunn, Stanley D. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_39">"Hindu Pilgrimages: The Contemporary Scene"</a>, <i>The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics</i>, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 783–801, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-017-9376-6_39">10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_39</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-9376-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-9376-6"><bdi>978-94-017-9376-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Changing+World+Religion+Map%3A+Sacred+Places%2C+Identities%2C+Practices+and+Politics&rft.atitle=Hindu+Pilgrimages%3A+The+Contemporary+Scene&rft.pages=783-801&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-017-9376-6_39&rft.isbn=978-94-017-9376-6&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Rana+P.+B.&rft.au=Haigh%2C+Martin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-94-017-9376-6_39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallonJaiswal2012" class="citation journal cs1">Fallon, J. M.; Jaiswal, N. K. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/rasaala/article/view/2191">"Sacred Space, Sacred Water: Exploring the Role of Water in India's Sacred Places"</a>. <i>Recreation and Society in Africa, Asia and Latin America</i>. <b>3</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1916-7873">1916-7873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recreation+and+Society+in+Africa%2C+Asia+and+Latin+America&rft.atitle=Sacred+Space%2C+Sacred+Water%3A+Exploring+the+Role+of+Water+in+India%27s+Sacred+Places&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1916-7873&rft.aulast=Fallon&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Jaiswal%2C+N.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.lib.uoguelph.ca%2Findex.php%2Frasaala%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014034803/http://www.heartoglory.com/celtic/celtic-saints.php">"The Celtic Saints"</a>. <i>Heart O' Glory</i>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heartoglory.com/celtic/celtic-saints.php">the original</a> on 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heart+O%27+Glory&rft.atitle=The+Celtic+Saints&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heartoglory.com%2Fceltic%2Fceltic-saints.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19fvzqz.14">"Illustrations"</a>, <i>The Hajj</i>, Princeton University Press, 9 February 2021, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv19fvzqz.14">10.2307/j.ctv19fvzqz.14</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hajj&rft.atitle=Illustrations&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv19fvzqz.14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv19fvzqz.14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/330/">"Chavin (Archaeological Site)"</a>. <i>whc.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Chavin+%28Archaeological+Site%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F330%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oneworld-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oneworld_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oneworld_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/269">"Pilgrimage"</a>. <i>A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith</i>. Oxford: eworld Publications. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/269">269</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1"><bdi>1-85168-184-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pilgrimage&rft.btitle=A+concise+encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=eworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85168-184-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope0000smit%2Fpage%2F269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151115213205/http://hinduism.iskcon.org/practice/">"Heart of Hinduism: Four Main Paths"</a>. <i>iskcon.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hinduism.iskcon.org/practice/">the original</a> on 15 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iskcon.org&rft.atitle=Heart+of+Hinduism%3A+Four+Main+Paths&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhinduism.iskcon.org%2Fpractice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425151535/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beatitude">"beatitude"</a>. 17 January 2023. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=beatitude&oldid=70978999">the original</a> on 25 April 2019 – via Wiktionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=beatitude&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Dbeatitude%26oldid%3D70978999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (May 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCain2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cain, Andrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0310">"Jerome's <i>Epitaphium Paulae</i>: Hagiography, Pilgrimage, and the Cult of Saint Paula"</a>. <i>Journal of Early Christian Studies</i>. <b>18</b>: 105–139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fearl.0.0310">10.1353/earl.0.0310</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170884065">170884065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Early+Christian+Studies&rft.atitle=Jerome%27s+Epitaphium+Paulae%3A+Hagiography%2C+Pilgrimage%2C+and+the+Cult+of+Saint+Paula&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=105-139&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fearl.0.0310&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170884065%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%2Fearl.0.0310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Noteworthy Events in the Modern-day History of Jehovah's Witnesses", <i>Jehovah's Witnesses – Proclaimers of God's Kingdom</i>, page 719, "1894 Traveling overseers that in time came to be known as pilgrims (today, circuit and district overseers) are sent out in connection with the Society's program for visiting congregations"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sweden", <i>1991 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses</i>, page 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Switzerland and Liechtenstein", <i>1987 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses</i>, page 123, "'Pilgrims' were traveling representatives of the [Watch Tower] Society, as circuit overseers are today. Their efforts contributed to the unity of the brothers and brought them into closer contact with God's organization. The Society would announce in Zion's Watch Tower the proposed itinerary of the pilgrim brothers, and congregations and smaller groups along these routes would then write and express their desire to be visited. The pilgrims were excellent speakers, and their public lectures were usually well attended. In 1913, for example, their audiences in Switzerland totaled some 8,000 persons."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Development of the Organization Structure", <i>Jehovah's Witnesses – Proclaimers of God's Kingdom</i>, page 222, "[Beginning] in 1894, arrangements were made for the [Watch Tower] Society to have well-qualified speakers travel more regularly to help the Bible Students to grow in knowledge and appreciation for the truth and to draw them closer together. ...An effort was made to have each group in the United States and Canada visited twice a year, though not usually by the same brother. In selecting these traveling speakers, emphasis was placed on meekness, humility, and clear understanding of the truth as well as loyal adherence to it and ability to teach it with clarity. Theirs was by no means a paid ministry. They were simply provided with food and lodging by the local brothers, and to the extent necessary, the Society helped them with travel expenses. They came to be known as pilgrims. Many of these traveling representatives of the Society were dearly loved by those whom they served. A. H. Macmillan, a Canadian, is remembered as a brother to whom God's Word proved to be "like a burning fire."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Part 1—United States of America", CMP'1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses<i>, page 83</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2010/november/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20101106_cattedrale-compostela.html">"Apostolic Journey to Santiago de Compostela and Barcelona: Visit to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela (November 6, 2010) | BENEDICT XVI"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apostolic+Journey+to+Santiago+de+Compostela+and+Barcelona%3A+Visit+to+the+Cathedral+of+Santiago+de+Compostela+%28November+6%2C+2010%29+%26%23124%3B+BENEDICT+XVI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Fspeeches%2F2010%2Fnovember%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_spe_20101106_cattedrale-compostela.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahey_2002-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fahey_2002_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahey2002" class="citation journal cs1">Fahey, Frank (April 2002). "Pilgrims or Tourists?". <i>The Furrow</i>. <b>53</b> (4): 213–218. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27664505">27664505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Furrow&rft.atitle=Pilgrims+or+Tourists%3F&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=213-218&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27664505%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fahey&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerner1994" class="citation book cs1">Werner, Karel (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ohUZAQAAIAAJ"><i>A popular dictionary of Hinduism</i></a>. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0700702792" title="Special:BookSources/0700702792"><bdi>0700702792</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+popular+dictionary+of+Hinduism&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Surrey&rft.pub=Curzon&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0700702792&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DohUZAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThangham2007" class="citation news cs1">Thangham, Chris V. (3 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/84149">"Photo from Space of the Largest Human Gathering in India"</a>. <i>Digital Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Journal&rft.atitle=Photo+from+Space+of+the+Largest+Human+Gathering+in+India&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.aulast=Thangham&rft.aufirst=Chris+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaljournal.com%2Farticle%2F84149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2007" class="citation news cs1">Banerjee, Biswajeet (15 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/15/AR2007011500041.html">"Millions of Hindus Wash Away Their Sins"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Millions+of+Hindus+Wash+Away+Their+Sins&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Biswajeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F15%2FAR2007011500041.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6226895.stm">"Millions bathe at Hindu festival"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Millions+bathe+at+Hindu+festival&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F6226895.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2017" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Vikas (2017). <i>Uprising of the Fools: Pilgrimage as Moral Protest in Contemporary India</i>. Stanford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uprising+of+the+Fools%3A+Pilgrimage+as+Moral+Protest+in+Contemporary+India&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Vikas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall86-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall86_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2011" class="citation book cs1">Long, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86"><i>Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0"><bdi>978-0-7614-7926-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+and+Cultures&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH_m14NlQQMYC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigosian2004" class="citation book cs1">Nigosian, S. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC&pg=PA110"><i>Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21627-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21627-3"><bdi>0-253-21627-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Its+History%2C+Teaching%2C+and+Practices&rft.place=Indiana&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-253-21627-3&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy7hnALd_NkC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/islamic-practices">"Islamic Practices"</a>. <i>Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace+%26+World+Affairs&rft.atitle=Islamic+Practices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fessays%2Fislamic-practices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosher2005" class="citation book cs1">Mosher, Lucinda (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2b7fmfvpYZYC&pg=PA155"><i>Praying: The Rituals of Faith</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781596270169" title="Special:BookSources/9781596270169"><bdi>9781596270169</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Praying%3A+The+Rituals+of+Faith&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781596270169&rft.aulast=Mosher&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2b7fmfvpYZYC%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time_2013-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time_2013_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Katz, Andrew (16 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.time.com/2013/10/16/as-the-hajj-unfolds-in-saudi-arabia-a-deep-look-inside-the-battle-against-mers/">"As the Hajj Unfolds in Saudi Arabia, A Deep Look Inside the Battle Against MERS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=As+the+Hajj+Unfolds+in+Saudi+Arabia%2C+A+Deep+Look+Inside+the+Battle+Against+MERS&rft.date=2013-10-16&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.time.com%2F2013%2F10%2F16%2Fas-the-hajj-unfolds-in-saudi-arabia-a-deep-look-inside-the-battle-against-mers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largest-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-largest_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-largest_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionnews.com/2020/09/09/the-worlds-largest-muslim-pilgrimage-site-not-mecca-but-the-shiite-shrine-in-karbala/">"The world's largest Muslim pilgrimage site? Not Mecca, but the Shiite shrine in Karbala"</a>. <i>Religion News Service</i>. 9 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+largest+Muslim+pilgrimage+site%3F+Not+Mecca%2C+but+the+Shiite+shrine+in+Karbala&rft.date=2020-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2020%2F09%2F09%2Fthe-worlds-largest-muslim-pilgrimage-site-not-mecca-but-the-shiite-shrine-in-karbala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/hajj-begins-saudi-arabia-under-historic-covid-imposed-restrictions">"Hajj Begins in Saudi Arabia Under Historic COVID Imposed Restrictions | Voice of America - English"</a>. <i>www.voanews.com</i>. VOA. 29 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.voanews.com&rft.atitle=Hajj+Begins+in+Saudi+Arabia+Under+Historic+COVID+Imposed+Restrictions+%7C+Voice+of+America+-+English&rft.date=2020-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fcovid-19-pandemic%2Fhajj-begins-saudi-arabia-under-historic-covid-imposed-restrictions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syed-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syed_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAriffin2005" class="citation book cs1">Ariffin, Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jP850CjN_voC"><i>Architectural conservation in Islam: case study of the Prophet's Mosque</i></a> (1st ed.). Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9835203733" title="Special:BookSources/9835203733"><bdi>9835203733</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+conservation+in+Islam%3A+case+study+of+the+Prophet%27s+Mosque&rft.place=Skudai%2C+Johor+Darul+Ta%27zim%2C+Malaysia&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Penerbit+Universiti+Teknologi+Malaysia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9835203733&rft.aulast=Ariffin&rft.aufirst=Syed+Ahmad+Iskandar+Syed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjP850CjN_voC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALSYED-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ALSYED_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alsyedtours.com/the-importance-of-ziyarat-visiting-holy-sites-beyond-hajj-and-umrah/">"The Importance of Ziyarat: Visiting Holy Sites Beyond Hajj and Umrah"</a>. <i>AL SYED</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AL+SYED&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Ziyarat%3A+Visiting+Holy+Sites+Beyond+Hajj+and+Umrah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falsyedtours.com%2Fthe-importance-of-ziyarat-visiting-holy-sites-beyond-hajj-and-umrah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncyIslam-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncyIslam_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyIslam_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_C._Martin2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Richard C. Martin, ed. (2004). "Ziyara". <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</i>. Vol. 2. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 727–728.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ziyara&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam+and+the+Muslim+World&rft.pages=727-728&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span>. Available online at [Encyclopedia.com](<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pilgrimage-ziyara">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pilgrimage-ziyara</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/hajj">"Hajj"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Hajj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fhajj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IslamicStudies-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IslamicStudies_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamicstudies.info/subjects/fiqh/fiqh_us_sunnah/fus5_79.html">"Fiqh Us-Sunnah"</a>. <i>Islamic Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=Fiqh+Us-Sunnah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamicstudies.info%2Fsubjects%2Ffiqh%2Ffiqh_us_sunnah%2Ffus5_79.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeCore-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeCore_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashani-Sabet2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/715A4608F3CE767A8FC0D3D187C29475/S0021086223000762a.pdf">"Tohfeye Ziyarat (Souvenir of Pilgrimage): Religious Mobility and Public Health in Late Qajar Iran, c. 1890–1904"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>56</b> (4): 507–534. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021086223000762">10.1017/S0021086223000762</a> (inactive 13 November 2024)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Tohfeye+Ziyarat+%28Souvenir+of+Pilgrimage%29%3A+Religious+Mobility+and+Public+Health+in+Late+Qajar+Iran%2C+c.+1890%E2%80%931904&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=507-534&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021086223000762&rft.aulast=Kashani-Sabet&rft.aufirst=Firoozeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F715A4608F3CE767A8FC0D3D187C29475%2FS0021086223000762a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Springer-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Springer_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolaei2023" class="citation journal cs1">Molaei, A. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-023-01943-z">"Strategies of Religious Tourism in Iranian and Islamic Cities Approaching Shiite Pilgrimage Culture"</a>. <i>Journal of Religion and Health</i>. <b>17</b>: 67–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01943-z">10.1007/s10943-023-01943-z</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Health&rft.atitle=Strategies+of+Religious+Tourism+in+Iranian+and+Islamic+Cities+Approaching+Shiite+Pilgrimage+Culture&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=67-94&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01943-z&rft.aulast=Molaei&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01943-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2018" class="citation web cs1">Holloway, Beetle (21 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/senegals-grand-magal-of-touba/">"Senegal's Grand Magal of Touba: A Pilgrimage of Celebration"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=Senegal%27s+Grand+Magal+of+Touba%3A+A+Pilgrimage+of+Celebration&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Beetle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fafrica%2Fsenegal%2Farticles%2Fsenegals-grand-magal-of-touba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncyBritannica-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncyBritannica_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/ziyarah">"Ziyarah"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Ziyarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fziyarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30009324">"Arbaeen: The Largest Pilgrimage You've Never Heard Of"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Arbaeen%3A+The+Largest+Pilgrimage+You%27ve+Never+Heard+Of&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-30009324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/16/arbaeen-pilgrimage-2019-one-of-worlds-largest-religious-gatherings-kicks-off">"Arbaeen Pilgrimage 2019: One of World's Largest Religious Gatherings Kicks Off"</a>. Al Jazeera. 16 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arbaeen+Pilgrimage+2019%3A+One+of+World%27s+Largest+Religious+Gatherings+Kicks+Off&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F10%2F16%2Farbaeen-pilgrimage-2019-one-of-worlds-largest-religious-gatherings-kicks-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFuberVU_–_social_comments2010" class="citation web cs1">uberVU – social comments (5 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://original.antiwar.com/updates/2010/02/05/friday-46-iraqis-1-syrian-killed-168-iraqis-wounded/">"Friday: 46 Iraqis, 1 Syrian Killed; 169 Iraqis Wounded - Antiwar.com"</a>. Original.antiwar.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friday%3A+46+Iraqis%2C+1+Syrian+Killed%3B+169+Iraqis+Wounded+-+Antiwar.com&rft.pub=Original.antiwar.com&rft.date=2010-02-05&rft.au=uberVU+%E2%80%93+social+comments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.antiwar.com%2Fupdates%2F2010%2F02%2F05%2Ffriday-46-iraqis-1-syrian-killed-168-iraqis-wounded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAljazeera" class="citation web cs1">Aljazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/articles/34/41-Martyrs-as-More-than-Million-People-Mark-Arbae.html">"alJazeera Magazine – 41 Martyrs as More than Million People Mark 'Arbaeen' in Holy Karbala"</a>. Aljazeera.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=alJazeera+Magazine+%E2%80%93+41+Martyrs+as+More+than+Million+People+Mark+%27Arbaeen%27+in+Holy+Karbala&rft.pub=Aljazeera.com&rft.au=Aljazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F34%2F41-Martyrs-as-More-than-Million-People-Mark-Arbae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Blast-Kills-27-in-Iraqi-Shiite-City-of-Karbala-83628687.html">"Powerful Explosions Kill More Than 40 Shi'ite Pilgrims in Karbala"</a>. Voanews.com. 5 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powerful+Explosions+Kill+More+Than+40+Shi%27ite+Pilgrims+in+Karbala&rft.pub=Voanews.com&rft.date=2010-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.voanews.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2FBlast-Kills-27-in-Iraqi-Shiite-City-of-Karbala-83628687.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanun2010" class="citation news cs1">Hanun, Abdelamir (5 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/blast-in-crowd-kills-41-shiite-pilgrims-in-iraq-20100205-nivg.html">"Blast in crowd kills 41 Shiite pilgrims in Iraq"</a>. News.smh.com.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blast+in+crowd+kills+41+Shiite+pilgrims+in+Iraq&rft.date=2010-02-05&rft.aulast=Hanun&rft.aufirst=Abdelamir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.smh.com.au%2Fbreaking-news-world%2Fblast-in-crowd-kills-41-shiite-pilgrims-in-iraq-20100205-nivg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Imam_Reza-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Imam_Reza_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127181619/http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/iran/mashad.htm">"Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran"</a>. sacredsites.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/iran/mashad.htm">the original</a> on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sacred+Sites%3A+Mashhad%2C+Iran&rft.pub=sacredsites.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacredsites.com%2Fmiddle_east%2Firan%2Fmashad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Margaret,_1947-2013" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Margaret, 1947- (2013). <i>Jews in a Graeco-Roman environment</i>. Tübingen, Germany. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-151901-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-151901-7"><bdi>978-3-16-151901-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/855531272">855531272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+in+a+Graeco-Roman+environment&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F855531272&rft.isbn=978-3-16-151901-7&rft.au=Williams%2C+Margaret%2C+1947-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mosaic.lk.net/g-wall.html">"The Western Wall"</a>. <i>mosaic.lk.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mosaic.lk.net&rft.atitle=The+Western+Wall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmosaic.lk.net%2Fg-wall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overivew-of-the-western-wall">"The Western Wall: History & Overview"</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Western+Wall%3A+History+%26+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fhistory-and-overivew-of-the-western-wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See David M. Gitlitz and Linda Kay Davidson, <i>Pilgrimage and the Jews</i> (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006) for history and data on several pilgrimages to both Ashkenazi and Sephardic holy sites.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/12-01-16/">Making the Pilgrimage Nowadays</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peninei_Halakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninei Halakha">Peninei Halakha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansukhani1968" class="citation book cs1">Mansukhani, Gobind Singh (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/IntroductionToSikhism/page/n57"><i>Introduction to Sikhism: 100 Basic Questions and Answers on Sikh Religion and History</i></a>. India Book House. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Sikhism%3A+100+Basic+Questions+and+Answers+on+Sikh+Religion+and+History&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=India+Book+House&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Mansukhani&rft.aufirst=Gobind+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FIntroductionToSikhism%2Fpage%2Fn57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyrvold2012" class="citation book cs1">Myrvold, Kristina (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fU8BAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT178"><i>Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441103581" title="Special:BookSources/9781441103581"><bdi>9781441103581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhs+Across+Borders%3A+Transnational+Practices+of+European+Sikhs&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781441103581&rft.aulast=Myrvold&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfU8BAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011123234933/http://re-xs.ucsm.ac.uk/re/pilgrimage/sikhism.htm">"Sikhism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://re-xs.ucsm.ac.uk/re/pilgrimage/sikhism.htm">the original</a> on 23 November 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikhism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fre-xs.ucsm.ac.uk%2Fre%2Fpilgrimage%2Fsikhism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Special-train-to-connect-all-five-Takhats-first-run-on-February-16/articleshow/29908402.cms">"Special train to connect all five Takhats, first run on February 16"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 5 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Special+train+to+connect+all+five+Takhats%2C+first+run+on+February+16&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fchandigarh%2FSpecial-train-to-connect-all-five-Takhats-first-run-on-February-16%2Farticleshow%2F29908402.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/426292">"沒固定路線、全憑神轎指引徒步400里...白沙屯媽祖進香有何秘密？他爆出這些「神蹟」超驚奇"</a>. <i>The Storm Media</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Central News Agency (published 19 April 2018). 21 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Storm+Media&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%92%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E3%80%81%E5%85%A8%E6%86%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%BD%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95%E5%BE%92%E6%AD%A5400%E9%87%8C...%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%B1%AF%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%80%B2%E9%A6%99%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%95%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%EF%BC%9F%E4%BB%96%E7%88%86%E5%87%BA%E9%80%99%E4%BA%9B%E3%80%8C%E7%A5%9E%E8%B9%9F%E3%80%8D%E8%B6%85%E9%A9%9A%E5%A5%87&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm.mg%2Flifestyle%2F426292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.xuite.net/kuo707727632/twblog/156918633-~+%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B2%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%E9%80%B2%E9%A6%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9%E3%80%81%E9%99%A3%E9%A0%AD%E3%80%81%E5%85%B8%E7%A6%AE%E3%80%81%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9~">"~ 大甲媽祖遶境進香歷史沿革、陣頭、典禮、禁忌的介紹~"</a>. <i>淨空禪林</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 21 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B7%A8+%E7%A9%BA+%E7%A6%AA+%E6%9E%97&rft.atitle=~+%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B2%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E9%81%B6%E5%A2%83%E9%80%B2%E9%A6%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9%E3%80%81%E9%99%A3%E9%A0%AD%E3%80%81%E5%85%B8%E7%A6%AE%E3%80%81%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9~&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.xuite.net%2Fkuo707727632%2Ftwblog%2F156918633-~%2B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%2594%25B2%25E5%25AA%25BD%25E7%25A5%2596%25E9%2581%25B6%25E5%25A2%2583%25E9%2580%25B2%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25AD%25B7%25E5%258F%25B2%25E6%25B2%25BF%25E9%259D%25A9%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2599%25A3%25E9%25A0%25AD%25E3%2580%2581%25E5%2585%25B8%25E7%25A6%25AE%25E3%2580%2581%25E7%25A6%2581%25E5%25BF%258C%25E7%259A%2584%25E4%25BB%258B%25E7%25B4%25B9~&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aspandyar Sohrab Gotla (2000). "Guide to Zarthoshtrian historical places in Iran." University of Michigan Press. LCCN 2005388611 pg. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartman1980" class="citation book cs1">Hartman, Sven S. (1980). <i>Parsism: The Religions of Zoroaster</i>. BRILL. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004062084" title="Special:BookSources/9004062084"><bdi>9004062084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parsism%3A+The+Religions+of+Zoroaster&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9004062084&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Sven+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtashBehram-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AtashBehram_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AtashBehram_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelar2017" class="citation news cs1">Shelar, Jyoti (1 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pilgrimage-or-mela-parsis-split-on-udvada-festival/article21236193.ece">"Pilgrimage or mela? Parsis split on Udvada festival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pilgrimage+or+mela%3F+Parsis+split+on+Udvada+festival&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.aulast=Shelar&rft.aufirst=Jyoti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fpilgrimage-or-mela-parsis-split-on-udvada-festival%2Farticle21236193.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-star-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-star_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-star_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsch2007" class="citation news cs1">Welsch, Chris (3 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608212513/http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/travel/11279306.html">"Travelers define such a pilgrimage in many different ways"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/travel/11279306.html">the original</a> on 8 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Travelers+define+such+a+pilgrimage+in+many+different+ways&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.aulast=Welsch&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Flifestyle%2Ftravel%2F11279306.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circaterras.com/Tours-Heritage-Culture-Spain/Santiago-Compostela.htm">"Cultural Pilgrimage to Compostela"</a>. <i>Circa Tours</i>. 17 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Circa+Tours&rft.atitle=Cultural+Pilgrimage+to+Compostela&rft.date=2008-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.circaterras.com%2FTours-Heritage-Culture-Spain%2FSantiago-Compostela.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/i/into-the-wild/summary-and-analysis/chapter-8">"Into the Wild"</a>. <i>cliffsnotes.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cliffsnotes.com&rft.atitle=Into+the+Wild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fliterature%2Fi%2Finto-the-wild%2Fsummary-and-analysis%2Fchapter-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deshmukh, Indumati (1961). "Address in Marathi." <i>The Awakener</i> <b>7</b> (3): 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=842059"><i>The Yazidis: Religion, Society and Resentments</i></a>. pp. 165–174.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yazidis%3A+Religion%2C+Society+and+Resentments&rft.pages=165-174&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Fchapter-detail%3Fid%3D842059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Coleman, Simon. Powers of Pilgrimage: Religion in a World of Movement. United States, NYU Press, 2022.</li> <li>al-Naqar, Umar. 1972. <i>The Pilgrimage Tradition in West Africa.</i> Khartoum: Khartoum University Press. [includes a map 'African Pilgrimage Routes to Mecca, ca. 1300–1900']</li> <li>Coleman, Simon and John Elsner (1995), <i>Pilgrimage: Past and Present in the World Religions.</i> Cambridge: Harvard University Press.</li> <li>Coleman, Simon & John Eade (eds) (2005), <i>Reframing Pilgrimage. Cultures in Motion.</i> London: Routledge.</li> <li>Davidson, Linda Kay and David M. Gitlitz (2002), <i>Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia.</i> Santa Barbara, Ca.: ABC-CLIO.</li> <li>Gitlitz, David M. and Linda Kay Davidson (2006). <i>Pilgrimage and the Jews.</i> Westport, CT: Praeger.</li> <li>Jackowski, Antoni. 1998. <i>Pielgrzymowanie</i> [Pilgrimage]. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Dolnoslaskie.</li> <li>Kerschbaum & Gattinger, Via Francigena – DVD – Documentation, of a modern pilgrimage to Rome, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-200-00500-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-200-00500-9">3-200-00500-9</a>, Verlag EUROVIA, Vienna 2005</li> <li>Margry, Peter Jan (ed.) (2008), <i>Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World. New Itineraries into the Sacred.</i> Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkamoto,_Ryosuke2019" class="citation book cs1">Okamoto, Ryosuke (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpicinternational.com/books/socialsciences/73457a6f57a82d5fa0c5e0c1d471ff7bd95b3973.html"><i>Pilgrimages in the Secular Age: From El Camino to Anime</i></a>. Tokyo: Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimages+in+the+Secular+Age%3A+From+El+Camino+to+Anime&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Japan+Publishing+Industry+Foundation+for+Culture&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Okamoto%2C+Ryosuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpicinternational.com%2Fbooks%2Fsocialsciences%2F73457a6f57a82d5fa0c5e0c1d471ff7bd95b3973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sumption, Jonathan. 2002. <i>Pilgrimage: An Image of Mediaeval Religion.</i> London: Faber and Faber Ltd.</li> <li>Wolfe, Michael (ed.). 1997. <i>One Thousands Roads to Mecca.</i> New York: Grove Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Zarnecki" title="George Zarnecki">Zarnecki, George</a> (1985), The Monastic World: The Contributions of The Orders. pp. 36–66, in Evans, Joan (ed.). 1985. <i>The Flowering of the Middle Ages.</i> London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwissler2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zwissler, Laurel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34541493">"Pagan Pilgrimage: New Religious Movements Research on Sacred Travel within Pagan and New Age Communities"</a>. <i>Religion Compass</i>. <b>5</b> (7). Wiley: 326–342. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2011.00282.x">10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00282.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8171">1749-8171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+Compass&rft.atitle=Pagan+Pilgrimage%3A+New+Religious+Movements+Research+on+Sacred+Travel+within+Pagan+and+New+Age+Communities&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=326-342&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2011.00282.x&rft.issn=1749-8171&rft.aulast=Zwissler&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34541493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APilgrimage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Pilgrimage</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=pilgrimage">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=pilgrimage&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage" class="extiw" title="commons:Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larsdatter.com/pilgrims.htm">Medieval Pilgrims' Clothing</a> Illustrations of 13th–16th century pilgrims, and links to photos of 16th century clothing made for pilgrimage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644573#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4064460-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85102131">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940247w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940247w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575121">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="poutě"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115844&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="náboženské poutě"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115479&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX551556">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6014398">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548686905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&oldid=1257940069">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&oldid=1257940069</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pilgrimage" title="Category:Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_tourism" title="Category:Religious tourism">Religious tourism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_May_2022" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from May 2022">Accuracy disputes from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese_(Taiwan)-language_sources_(zh-tw)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)">CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2022">Use dmy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Azerbaijani-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text">Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 09:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-4kdhg","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.157","walltime":"1.440","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4813,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":134342,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2915,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":27,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":239324,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1227.050 1 -total"," 43.32% 531.560 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.86% 170.017 15 Template:Cite_book"," 12.38% 151.917 8 Template:Langx"," 9.16% 112.365 25 Template:Cite_web"," 7.95% 97.603 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.68% 94.261 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.86% 59.671 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.83% 59.299 1 Template:Commons-inline"," 4.83% 59.221 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.712","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16581354,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-j9zbk","timestamp":"20241130110352","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilgrimage","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1644573","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1644573","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-17T01:26:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T09:34:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0b\/Gheorghe_Tattarescu_-_Pelerin.jpg","headline":"journey or search of moral or spiritual significance"}</script> </body> </html>