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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: D. Lieberman</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: D. Lieberman"> <meta name="keywords" content="D. Lieberman"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="D. 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Lieberman"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: D. Lieberman</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Synchrotron X-ray Based Investigation of Fe Environment in Porous Anode of Shewanella oneidensis Microbial Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunil%20Dehipawala">Sunil Dehipawala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gayathrie%20Amarasuriya"> Gayathrie Amarasuriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger%20Jr"> G. Tremberger Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harry%20Gafney"> Harry Gafney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Todd%20Holden"> Todd Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iron environment in Fe-doped Vycor Anode was investigated with EXAFS using Brookhaven Synchrotron Light Source. The iron-reducing Shewanella oneidensis culture was grown in a microbial fuel cell under anaerobic respiration. The Fe bond length was found to decrease and correlate with the amount of biofilm growth on the Fe-doped Vycor Anode. The data suggests that Fe-doped Vycor Anode would be a good substrate to study the Shewanella oneidensis nanowire structure using EXAFS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EXAFS" title="EXAFS">EXAFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20Transform" title=" Fourier Transform"> Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microbial%20Fuel%20Cell" title=" Microbial Fuel Cell"> Microbial Fuel Cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shewanella%20oneidensis." title=" Shewanella oneidensis."> Shewanella oneidensis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/synchrotron-x-ray-based-investigation-of-fe-environment-in-porous-anode-of-shewanella-oneidensis-microbial-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1959</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Synchrotron X-Ray Based Investigation of As and Fe Bonding Environment in Collard Green Tissue Samples at Different Growth Stages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunil%20Dehipawala">Sunil Dehipawala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aregama%20Sirisumana"> Aregama Sirisumana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger%20Jr"> G. Tremberger Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Todd%20Holden%20T.%20Cheung"> Todd Holden T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The arsenic and iron environments in different growth stages have been studied with EXAFS and XANES using Brookhaven Synchrotron Light Source. Collard Greens plants were grown and tissue samples were harvested. The project studied the EXAFS and XANES of tissue samples using As and Fe K-edges. The Fe absorption and the Fourier transform bond length information were used as a control comparison. The Fourier transform of the XAFS data revealed the coexistence of As (III) and As (V) in the As bonding environment inside the studied plant tissue samples, although the soil only had As (III). The data suggests that Collard Greens has a novel pathway to handle arsenic absorption in soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EXAFS" title="EXAFS">EXAFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20Transform" title=" Fourier Transform"> Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metalloproteins" title=" metalloproteins"> metalloproteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XANES." title=" XANES. "> XANES. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/synchrotron-x-ray-based-investigation-of-as-and-fe-bonding-environment-in-collard-green-tissue-samples-at-different-growth-stages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1938</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Synchrotron X-ray based Investigation of Fe and Zn Atoms in Tissue Samples at Different Growth Stages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunil%20Dehipawala">Sunil Dehipawala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Todd%20Holden"> Todd Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robert%20Regan"> Robert Regan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger%20Jr"> G. Tremberger Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%0ALieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The zinc and iron environments in different growth stages have been studied with EXAFS and XANES with Brookhaven Synchrotron Light Source. Tissue samples included meat, organ, vegetable, leaf, and yeast. The project studied the EXAFS and XANES of tissue samples using Zn and Fe K-edges. Duck embryo samples show that brain and intestine would contain shorter EXFAS determined Zn-N/O bond; as with the cases of fresh yeast versus reconstituted live yeast and green leaf versus yellow leaf. The XANES Fourier transform characteristic-length would be useful as a functionality index for selected types of tissue samples in various physical states. The extension to the development of functional synchrotron imaging for tissue engineering application based on spectroscopic technique is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EXAFS" title="EXAFS">EXAFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20Transform" title=" Fourier Transform"> Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metalloproteins" title=" metalloproteins"> metalloproteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XANES" title=" XANES"> XANES</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/synchrotron-x-ray-based-investigation-of-fe-and-zn-atoms-in-tissue-samples-at-different-growth-stages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Potency of Sandfish (Holothuria scraba) as a Source of Natural Aphrodisiacs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Etty%20Riani">Etty Riani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Endang%20Gumbira-Said"> Endang Gumbira-Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kashwar%20Syamsu"> Kashwar Syamsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kustiariyah"> Kustiariyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaseno"> Kaseno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Reza%20Cordova"> Muhammad Reza Cordova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sandfish is one of marine biota that has a biomedicine (bioactive compound) potency. People in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, have been sandfish as an aphrodisiac for men as it is believed that sandfish has a steroid hormone potency. This research aims at studying using the steroid hormone potency from every fraction of sandfish (meat and innards) and its activity of male reproduction (rooster) as an aphrodisiac. Steroid extraction was done using Touchstone and Kasparow method, and then it was utilized to study the effectiveness of bioassay of rooster. This research had five treatments and was done in complete randomized design. Based on Lieberman-Burchard and bioassay test, the author found that sandfish extract contains steroid hormone. Sandfish extract was able to enrich testosterone and cholesterol concentration in blood serum; fastening secondary reproduction characteristics of the rooster, and increasing growth as well as improving rooster’s comb. Therefore, sandfish steroid is potential to be used as an aphrodisiac for men.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aphrodisiac" title="Aphrodisiac">Aphrodisiac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sandfish" title=" sandfish"> sandfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=secondary%20reproduction%20characteristic" title=" secondary reproduction characteristic"> secondary reproduction characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steroid." title=" steroid."> steroid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/the-potency-of-sandfish-holothuria-scraba-as-a-source-of-natural-aphrodisiacs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Fractal Dimension of Breast Cancer Cell Migration in a Wound Healing Assay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sullivan">R. Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Holden"> T. Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger"> G. Tremberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Branch"> C. Branch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Burrero"> J. Burrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Surpris"> G. Surpris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Quintana"> S. Quintana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rameau"> A. Rameau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Yao"> H. Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Subramaniam"> R. Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Rotenberg"> S. A. Rotenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Marchese"> P. Marchese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Flamhlolz"> A. Flamhlolz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration in breast cancer cell wound healing assay had been studied using image fractal dimension analysis. The migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (highly motile) in a wound healing assay was captured using time-lapse phase contrast video microscopy and compared to MDA-MB-468 cell migration (moderately motile). The Higuchi fractal method was used to compute the fractal dimension of the image intensity fluctuation along a single pixel width region parallel to the wound. The near-wound region fractal dimension was found to decrease three times faster in the MDA-MB- 231 cells initially as compared to the less cancerous MDA-MB-468 cells. The inner region fractal dimension was found to be fairly constant for both cell types in time and suggests a wound influence range of about 15 cell layer. The box-counting fractal dimension method was also used to study region of interest (ROI). The MDAMB- 468 ROI area fractal dimension was found to decrease continuously up to 7 hours. The MDA-MB-231 ROI area fractal dimension was found to increase and is consistent with the behavior of a HGF-treated MDA-MB-231 wound healing assay posted in the public domain. A fractal dimension based capacity index has been formulated to quantify the invasiveness of the MDA-MB-231 cells in the perpendicular-to-wound direction. Our results suggest that image intensity fluctuation fractal dimension analysis can be used as a tool to quantify cell migration in terms of cancer severity and treatment responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higuchi%20fractal%20dimension" title="Higuchi fractal dimension">Higuchi fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=box-counting%20fractal%20dimension" title=" box-counting fractal dimension"> box-counting fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cancer%20cell%20migration" title=" cancer cell migration"> cancer cell migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wound%20healing." title=" wound healing."> wound healing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/fractal-dimension-of-breast-cancer-cell-migration-in-a-wound-healing-assay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Fractal Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequences in Archaea Thermophiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Holden">T. Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger"> G. Tremberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Subramaniam"> R. Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sullivan"> R. Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Marchese"> P. Marchese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Flamholz"> A. Flamholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A nucleotide sequence can be expressed as a numerical sequence when each nucleotide is assigned its proton number. A resulting gene numerical sequence can be investigated for its fractal dimension in terms of evolution and chemical properties for comparative studies. We have investigated such nucleotide fluctuation in the 16S rRNA gene of archaea thermophiles. The studied archaea thermophiles were archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, methanocaldococcus jannaschii, pyrococcus horikoshii, and thermoplasma acidophilum. The studied five archaea-euryarchaeota thermophiles have fractal dimension values ranging from 1.93 to 1.97. Computer simulation shows that random sequences would have an average of about 2 with a standard deviation about 0.015. The fractal dimension was found to correlate (negative correlation) with the thermophile-s optimal growth temperature with R2 value of 0.90 (N =5). The inclusion of two aracheae-crenarchaeota thermophiles reduces the R2 value to 0.66 (N = 7). Further inclusion of two bacterial thermophiles reduces the R2 value to 0.50 (N =9). The fractal dimension is correlated (positive) to the sequence GC content with an R2 value of 0.89 for the five archaea-euryarchaeota thermophiles (and 0.74 for the entire set of N = 9), although computer simulation shows little correlation. The highest correlation (positive) was found to be between the fractal dimension and di-nucleotide Shannon entropy. However Shannon entropy and sequence GC content were observed to correlate with optimal growth temperature having an R2 of 0.8 (negative), and 0.88 (positive), respectively, for the entire set of 9 thermophiles; thus the correlation lacks species specificity. Together with another correlation study of bacterial radiation dosage with RecA repair gene sequence fractal dimension, it is postulated that fractal dimension analysis is a sensitive tool for studying the relationship between genotype and phenotype among closely related sequences.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title="Fractal dimension">Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=archaea%20thermophiles" title=" archaea thermophiles"> archaea thermophiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shannon%20entropy" title=" Shannon entropy"> Shannon entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GC%20content" title=" GC content"> GC content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/fractal-analysis-of-16s-rrna-gene-sequences-in-archaea-thermophiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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