CINXE.COM
Tsjekkia – Wikipedia
<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tsjekkia – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"b8684278-fe69-43cb-941c-72cf45bc8048","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tsjekkia","wgTitle":"Tsjekkia","wgCurRevisionId":24803374,"wgRevisionId":24803374,"wgArticleId":493909,"wgIsArticle": true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tsjekkia","wgRelevantArticleId":493909,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000, "wgCoordinates":{"lat":49.766666666666666,"lon":15.466666666666667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml", "autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym": "मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym": "ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp", "frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl", "tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q213","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false, "mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section", "ext.gadget.mobile-scroll","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tsjekkia – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tsjekkia rootpage-Tsjekkia stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="no" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forside?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Hjem</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Tilfeldig side</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:N%C3%A6r_her?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">I nærheten</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Tsjekkia&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Logg inn</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Mobilinnstillinger&returnto=Tsjekkia&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Innstillinger</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_no.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dnb%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Doner</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Om?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Om Wikipedia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Forbehold</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forside?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Brukernavigasjon"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsjekkia</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> land i Sentral-Europa </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Språk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Språk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Tsjekkia&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Overvåk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Rediger</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style> <p><b>Tsjekkia</b>, offisielt <b>Den tsjekkiske republikk</b>, er et land i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sentral-Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sentral-Europa">Sentral-Europa</a>. Tsjekkia er en <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innlandsstat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Innlandsstat">innlandsstat</a> og grenser i vest mot <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyskland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, i sør mot <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a>, i øst mot <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> og i nord mot <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polen">Polen</a>. Tsjekkia omfatter de historiske landskapene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen">Böhmen</a> (<i>Čechy</i>), <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a> (<i>Morava</i>) og deler av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk_Schlesien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk Schlesien">Schlesien</a> (<i>Slezsko</i>). Landets hovedstad og største by er <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a>. Andre større byer er <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zlín">Zlín</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plze%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pardubice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pardubice">Pardubice</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberec">Liberec</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olomouc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ústí nad Labem">Ústí nad Labem</a>.</p> <table class="infobox infoboks geografi bred"> <tbody> <tr class="hode overskrift"> <th colspan="4">Den tsjekkiske republikk</th> </tr> <tr class="hode"> <th colspan="4"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk">tsjekkisk</a>: Česká republika</th> </tr> <tr class="bilde"> <td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"> <table cellpadding="2" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"><p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagg"><img alt="Flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/143px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/215px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/285px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></p></td> <td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Våpen"><img alt="Våpen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/79px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/119px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/158px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1403"></a></span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_flagg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias flagg">Flagg</a></td> <td><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_riksv%C3%A5pen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias riksvåpen">Riksvåpen</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4" class="center headercenter">Nasjonalt motto:</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4" class="center center"><i>tsjekkisk: Pravda vítězí </i><sup>1</sup><br> Sannheten seirer</td> </tr> <tr class="bilde"> <td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:EU_location_CZE.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Kart over Den tsjekkiske republikk"><img alt="Kart over Den tsjekkiske republikk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_location_CZE.png/290px-EU_location_CZE.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_location_CZE.png/435px-EU_location_CZE.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_location_CZE.png/580px-EU_location_CZE.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a></span></p></td> </tr> <tr class="rad" valign="top"> <th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Ligger ved</th> <td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sentrert"> 6 oppføringer </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morava_(elv)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morava (elv)">Morava</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaya">Thaya</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olza">Olza</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oder">Oder</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opava_(elv)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opava (elv)">Opava</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jizera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jizera">Jizera</a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innbyggernavn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innbyggernavn">Innbyggernavn</a></th> <td colspan="2">Tsjekker, tsjekkisk</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Grunnlagt</th> <td colspan="2">1. januar 1993</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Oppkalt etter</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkere">tsjekkere</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hovedstad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hovedstad">Hovedstad</a></th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidssone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tidssone">Tidssone</a></th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC+1</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Areal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Areal">Areal</a><br> – Totalt</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_over_verdens_stater_etter_areal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste over verdens stater etter areal">Rangert som nr. 115</a><br><span style="white-space:nowrap;">78 866</span> km²</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Vannfylt arealandel</th> <td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2</span> %</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Befolkning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Befolkning">Befolkning</a><br> – Totalt</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_over_verdens_stater_etter_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste over verdens stater etter befolkningsstørrelse">Rangert som nr. 84</a><br><span style="white-space:nowrap;">10 900 555</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f4ed3b5e0821fe76903699b9c02c99007ec9c957-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-f4ed3b5e0821fe76903699b9c02c99007ec9c957-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small><i>(2024)</i></small></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Befolkningstetthet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Befolkningstetthet">Bef.tetthet</a></th> <td colspan="2">138,22 <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innbygger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innbygger">innb.</a>/<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvadratkilometer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Development_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th> <td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">0,889</span> <span style="font-size:85%">(2021)</span></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lesekyndighet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lesekyndighet">Lesekyndighet</a></th> <td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">99,0</span> %<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d6ea44241c9590da5685f2eb9bbdf1c81d868e5d-v2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-d6ea44241c9590da5685f2eb9bbdf1c81d868e5d-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Styreform</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republikk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republikk">Republikk</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_over_Tsjekkias_presidenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste over Tsjekkias presidenter">President</a></th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petr_Pavel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_over_Tsjekkias_statsministre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste over Tsjekkias statsministre">Statsminister</a></th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petr_Fiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petr Fiala">Petr Fiala</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Offisielt språk</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk">Tsjekkisk</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Uavhengighet fra</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkoslovakia">Tsjekkoslovakia</a><br><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._januar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. januar">1. januar</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1993?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1993">1993</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Valuta</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk_koruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk koruna">Tsjekkisk koruna</a> <span style="font-family:monospace">(<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">CZK</a>)</span></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Nasjonaldag</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28._oktober?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28. oktober">28. oktober</a><sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Nasjonalsang</th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kde domov můj (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kde domov můj</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166-kode</a></th> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CZ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-2:CZ">CZ</a></span></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasjonalt_toppniv%C3%A5domene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasjonalt toppnivådomene">Toppnivådomene</a></th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.cz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".cz">.cz</a></td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_over_landsnumre_for_telefon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste over landsnumre for telefon">Landskode for telefon</a></th> <td colspan="2">+420</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <th colspan="2">Landskode for mobilnett</th> <td colspan="2">230</td> </tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <hr> <div class="sentrert"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czech Republic">Tsjekkia på Commons</a> </div> <div class="sentrert"> <sup>1</sup><small>Mottoet antas å stamme fra et sitat av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Hus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>: «Sannheten vinner over alt.» (Super omnia vincit veritas)</small> <sup>2</sup><small>28. oktober er dagen til minne om gjenopprettelsen av tsjekkernes selvstendighet som Tsjekkoslovakia i 1918.</small> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>På 800-tallet oppsto <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kongeriket_B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongeriket Böhmen">kongedømmet Böhmen</a> under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid-dynastiet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Přemyslid-dynastiet">Přemyslid-dynastiet</a>, der Praha på 1300-tallet ble et politisk og kulturelt sentrum i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_tysk-romerske_riket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Det tysk-romerske riket">Det tysk-romerske riket</a>. Kongedømmet hadde sin gullalder i det <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14._%C3%A5rhundre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14. århundre">14. århundre</a> under kong <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_IV_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl IV av Det tysk-romerske rike">Karel IV</a>, men på grunn av flere epidemier (så som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svartedauden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svartedauden">svartedauden</a>), hungersnød samt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Husittkrigene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Husittkrigene">husittkrigene</a> på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1400-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1400-tallet">1400-tallet</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tredve%C3%A5rskrigen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tredveårskrigen">tredveårskrigen</a> på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1600-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a> begynte kongedømmet langsomt å bryte sammen. De tsjekkiske landskapene kom under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Habsburgerne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgerne">habsburgerne</a> fra 1526 og ble senere en del av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keiserd%C3%B8mmet_%C3%98sterrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Keiserdømmet Østerrike">keiserdømmet Østerrike</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike-Ungarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike-Ungarn">Østerrike-Ungarn</a>.</p> <p>Den selvstendige republikken <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkoslovakia">Tsjekkoslovakia</a> ble opprettet i 1918 som følge av Østerrike-Ungarns oppløsning etter første verdenskrig. Som det eneste velfungerende demokratiet i Sentral-Europa i mellomkrigstiden var landet preget av økonomisk fremgang og politisk stabilitet, men også av interne stridigheter mellom de etniske grupperingene. Etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenavtalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münchenavtalen">Münchenavtalen</a> i 1938 ble Tsjekkoslovakia okkupert av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tysklands_historie_(1933-1945)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tysklands historie (1933-1945)">Tyskland</a> i 1939. I 1945 ble landet befridd av den amerikanske armé og den sovjetiske <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_r%C3%B8de_arm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den røde armé">Røde armé</a>, og ved valget i 1946 fikk kommunistene 38 prosent av stemmene, og ble derved det største parlamentariske partiet. Etter statskuppet i 1948 ble Tsjekkoslovakia et kommunistisk «<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98stblokkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Østblokkland">østblokkland</a>» under sovjetisk kontroll. Etter forsøk på å <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prahav%C3%A5ren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prahavåren">reformere det kommunistiske diktaturregimet</a> våren 1968 invaderte militære styrker fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warszawapakten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warszawapakten">Warszawapakten</a> landet høsten samme år. Som følge av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fl%C3%B8yelsrevolusjonen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fløyelsrevolusjonen">fløyelsrevolusjonen</a> i 1989 brøt det tsjekkoslovakiske kommunistpartiets diktatur sammen og ble erstattet med en demokratisk valgt regjering. Den 1. januar 1993 ble landet delt på fredelig vis til republikkene Tsjekkia og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>.</p> <p>Siden har Tsjekkia blitt et parlamentarisk representativt demokrati bestående av fjorten <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regioner_i_Den_tsjekkiske_republikk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Regioner i Den tsjekkiske republikk">regioner</a> som er medlem av EU. Landet er medlem i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OECD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WTO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a> og flere andre internasjonale organisasjoner.</p> <p>Tsjekkia har gjennomført økonomiske reformer som rask privatisering og flat skatt. Den årlige <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BNP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="BNP">BNP</a>-veksten ligger rundt 6 %. Landet var det første tidligere medlemmet av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comecon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> til å oppnå status som et utviklet land (2006) ifølge <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdensbanken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdensbanken">Verdensbanken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsjekkia rangerer også best på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HDI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HDI">HDI</a>-indeksen sammenlignet med de andre tidligere Comecon-landene.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Innhold</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymologi"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymologi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naturgeografi"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Naturgeografi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demografi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historie"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Historie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Forhistorisk_tid"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Forhistorisk tid</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P%C5%99emyslidiske_dynasti"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Přemyslidiske dynasti</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%98sterriksk_styre"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Østerriksk styre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Det_demokratiske_Tsjekkoslovakia"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Det demokratiske Tsjekkoslovakia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Andre_verdenskrig"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Andre verdenskrig</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Riksprotektoratet_B%C3%B6hmen-M%C3%A4hren"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Riksprotektoratet Böhmen-Mähren</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Regjeringen_i_eksil_og_gjenoppretting_av_Tsjekkoslovakia"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Regjeringen i eksil og gjenoppretting av Tsjekkoslovakia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fordrivelsen_av_etniske_tyskere"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Fordrivelsen av etniske tyskere</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kommunisttiden"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Kommunisttiden</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tsjekkoslovakia_oppl%C3%B8ses"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Tsjekkoslovakia oppløses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bakgrunn_for_EU-medlemskap"><span class="tocnumber">4.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bakgrunn for EU-medlemskap</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politikk_og_administrasjon"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Politikk og administrasjon</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administrativ_inndeling"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Administrativ inndeling</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#N%C3%A6ringsliv"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Næringsliv</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Samfunn"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Samfunn</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Samferdsel"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Samferdsel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Massemedia"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Massemedia</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kultur"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Kultur</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Musikk"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Musikk</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Spr%C3%A5k"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Språk</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mat_og_drikke"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mat og drikke</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Overv%C3%A5kning_av_milj%C3%B8p%C3%A5virkning_p%C3%A5_befolkningens_helse"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Overvåkning av miljøpåvirkning på befolkningens helse</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Oppf%C3%B8ring_p%C3%A5_UNESCOs_lister"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Oppføring på UNESCOs lister</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fotnoter"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Fotnoter</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referanser"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Referanser</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Litteratur"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Litteratur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksterne_lenker"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Eksterne lenker</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Navnet stammer fra den mytiske lederen for en slavisk stamme, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lech,_%C4%8Cech_og_Rus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lech, Čech og Rus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Čech</a>, som ifølge legenden førte tsjekkerne til Böhmen for å slå seg ned i området rundt fjellet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Říp">Říp</a>.</p> <p>Den tsjekkiske formen av den norske kortformen Tsjekkia er <i>Česko</i>, men siden denne formen er lite populær, brukes ofte den offisielle betegnelsen <i>Česká republika</i>, «Den tsjekkiske republikk» (<span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Cs-Ceska_republika_Cesko.ogg" class="internal" title="Cs-Ceska republika Cesko.ogg">uttale</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><sup><small><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Cs-Ceska_republika_Cesko.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fil:Cs-Ceska republika Cesko.ogg">info</a></small></sup></span>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Naturgeografi">Naturgeografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Naturgeografi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Labe_udoli.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/250px-Labe_udoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/250px-Labe_udoli.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/375px-Labe_udoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Labe_udoli.jpg/500px-Labe_udoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Elben nær <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C4%9B%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Děčín">Děčín</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_geografi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias geografi">Tsjekkias geografi</a></p> </div> <p>Tsjekkia ligger midt i Sentral-Europa og grenser til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a> i sør, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyskland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> i vest og nordvest, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polen">Polen</a> i nordøst og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> i sørøst. Landet har et variert landskap og er hovedsakelig delt inn i de to områdene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen">Böhmen</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a>. Böhmen i vest er et område som blir drenert av elven <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Labe">Labe</a> (Elbe) og dennes sideelver, som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oh%C5%99e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ohře">Ohře</a>. Böhmen er omringet av lave fjell, som for eksempel <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetene">Sudetene</a>. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karkonosze/Krkono%C5%A1e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karkonosze/Krkonoše">Krkonoše</a> er en del av Sudetene, og her finnes det høyeste punktet i landet, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka/%C5%9Anie%C5%BCka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sněžka/Śnieżka">Sněžka</a>, på 1 603 meter. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a>, den østlige delen, er også forholdsvis åslendt og blir hovedsakelig drenert av elven <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morava_(elv)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morava (elv)">Morava</a>, men elven <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oder">Odra</a> (Oder) har også sitt utspring her. Vannet fra Tsjekkia renner ut i tre forskjellige hav: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nordsj%C3%B8en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nordsjøen">Nordsjøen</a> (Elbe), <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98stersj%C3%B8en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østersjøen">Østersjøen</a> (Oder) og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svartehavet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svartehavet">Svartehavet</a> (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morava_(elv)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morava (elv)">Morava</a> via <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donau">Donau</a>).</p> <p>Böhmen og Mähren er skilt av lave åser (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_b%C3%B6hmisk-m%C3%A4hriske_h%C3%B8ylandet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Det böhmisk-mähriske høylandet">Det böhmisk-mähriske høylandet</a>) som danner vannskillet mellom Elbens og Donaus nedbørsfelt. Tsjekkia er omgitt av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetene">Sudetene</a> i nord, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erzgebirge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erzgebirge">Erzgebirge</a> (Krušné hory) i nordvest og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmerwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmerwald">Böhmerwald</a> (Šumava) i sørvest. Slovakia og Tsjekkia er adskilt av deler av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vest-Karpatene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vest-Karpatene">Vest-Karpatene</a>. Disse fjellene eller åsene er naturlige grenser, men har mange pass og elvefar som skaper forbindelse til nabolandene. Elben renner mot nordvest gjennom en trang kløft i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elbsandsteinsgebirge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elbsandsteinsgebirge (ikke skrevet ennå)">Elbsandsteinsgebirge</a> til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sachsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sachsen">Sachsen</a>. Elven Morava renner sørover gjennom Mähren og munner ut i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donau">Donau</a> nær <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bratislava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>. De beste jordbruksområdene ligger nord i Böhmen og i Moravabekkenet. Tsjekkia har viktige mineralforekomster og bergverk har siden middelalderen vært en viktig næringsvei med forekomster av blant annet sølv, gull, kobber, tinn, jernmalm, grafitt og bly samt viktige forekomster av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steinkull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Steinkull">steinkull</a> (særlig ved Ostrava og Plzen) og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunkull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brunkull">brunkull</a>. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kutn%C3%A1_Hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kutná Hora">Kutná Horas</a> store sølvforekomster ble utnyttet fra middelalderen og inngikk i mynten <i>grot</i> som ble akseptert over hele Europa (verket ble stengt i 1726).<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:316</sup></p> <p>Den tsjekkiske landsbygda er et oppstykket landskap av lave fjell, skoger, åkrer og elver.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Demografi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Per 2001 bestod hoveddelen av befolkningen i Tsjekkia av tsjekkere (94,24 %). Nasjonale minoriteter bestod av slovaker (1,89 %), polakker (0,51 %), tyskere (0,38 %), ukrainere (0,22 %), vietnamesere (0,17 %), ungarere (0,14 %), russere (0,12 %) og grekere (0,03 %).</p> <p>Den jødiske befolkningen på 118 000 mennesker per 1930 ble tilnærmet utslettet av nazistene under Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per 2005 var det 4 000 jøder igjen i Tsjekkia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antallet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanifolket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanifolket">romani</a> utgjør rundt 250 000 personer (rundt 1,25 %).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Fødselsraten er lav med 1,50 barn per kvinne. Innvandring økte befolkningen med nesten 1 % i 2007. Omtrent 77 000 av utenlandsk opprinnelse slår seg ned i Tsjekkia hvert år.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_historie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias historie">Tsjekkias historie</a></p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Forhistorisk_tid">Forhistorisk tid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forhistorisk tid" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Arkeologiske utgravninger viser at det var menneskelige bosetninger i områdene i dagens Tsjekkia allerede i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolittisk_tid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolittisk tid">neolittisk tid</a>. I løpet av det 3. århundre f.Kr. innvandret <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boiere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boiere">boiere</a> til det tsjekkiske landskapet og bosatte seg i Böhmen, etterfulgt av de germanske markomanner- og kvaderstammene i det 1. århundre f.Kr.</p> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavere">Slavere</a> (tsjekkiske stammer i Böhmen og vestslavere (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Moravere&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Moravere (ikke skrevet ennå)">moravere</a>) i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a>) innvandret til det tsjekkiske landskapet omkring år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/400?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="400">400</a>. På 800-tallet dannet disse folkegruppene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storm%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stormähren">Det mähriske riket</a> som dekket det senere Tsjekkoslovakia, Ungarn og deler av Polen. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magyar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar">Magyarer</a> erobret rundt år 900 det slovakiske området og Slovakia forble en del av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ungarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a> til 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ifølge historikeren <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Du%C5%A1an_T%C5%99e%C5%A1t%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dušan Třeštík (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dušan Třeštík</a> kom de første slavere gjennom <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_m%C3%A4hriske_port?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den mähriske port">Den mähriske porten</a>, et dalområdet i Mähren i Tsjekkia, og i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/530?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="530">530</a> dro de videre inn i østlige Böhmen og langs elvene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elben">Elben</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vltava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> videre inn i midtre Böhmen. Det kom antagelig andre bølger av slaviske innvandrende fra sør i løpet av første halvdel av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/600-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="600-tallet">600-tallet</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Přemyslidiske_dynasti"><span id="P.C5.99emyslidiske_dynasti"></span>Přemyslidiske dynasti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Přemyslidiske dynasti" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="boilerplate metadata seksjonstubb" id="stub"> <span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Wiki_letter_w.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 35px;height: 35px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" data-width="35" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/53px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/70px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <i>Denne seksjonen er en <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a>. Du kan <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTsjekkia%26action%3Dedit">bidra</a> med å utvide den</span>.</i> </div> <p>Begrepet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudettyskere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudettyskere">sudettyskere</a> ble brukt om tyskere som inntil slutten av andre verdenskrig bodde i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen">Böhmen</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a>, også langt utenfor det egentlige <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetenland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pykel_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pykel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange etnisk tyske bosettere kom til området på invitasjon fra det <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C5%99emyslidiske_dynasti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Přemyslidiske dynasti">Přemyslidiske dynasti</a> omkring år 1200.<sup id="cite_ref-Prauser_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Prauser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De hadde innvandret til området på 1400-tallet, og hadde dannet egne samfunnsstrukturer. De etnisk tyske beholdt blant annet tysk språk og unnlot å bruke eller lære seg <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk">tsjekkisk</a>. Ved folketellingene, også under østerriksk styre, ble etnisitet avgjort ved morsmål eller dagligspråk (tysk: <i>Umgangssprache</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pykel_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pykel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg/250px-Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="2478"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 269px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg/250px-Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="269" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg/375px-Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg/500px-Spiezer_Chronik_Jan_Hus_1485.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Henrettelsen av Jan Hus. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Det tsjekkiske området var et selvstendig land til det ble fullt underlagt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Habsburgmonarkiet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Habsburgmonarkiet">Habsburgmonarkiet</a> etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_p%C3%A5_Det_hvite_berg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget på Det hvite berg">Slaget på Det hvite berg</a>. Etter oppløsningen av det tysk-romerske riket i 1806 ble området en del av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_%C3%B8sterrikske_keiserrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Det østerrikske keiserrike">Det østerrikske keiserrike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Østerriksk_styre"><span id=".C3.98sterriksk_styre"></span>Østerriksk styre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Østerriksk styre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>De tysktalende var utover i middelalderen relativt mer velstående enn de mer tallrike tsjekkerne. På 1400-tallet spisset det seg til da <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Hus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> forsøkte å reformere kirken i Böhmen. Hus protesterte blant annet mot kirkens salg av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avlat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avlat">avlatsbrev</a> og annet som Hus mente var verdslig korrupsjon. Han ble en helt i vanlige tsjekkeres øyne, mens tyskerne anså ham som en trussel. Hus ble i 1414 innkalt til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilet_i_Konstanz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsilet i Konstanz">Konsilet i Konstanz</a> hvor han straks ble anklaget for <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kjetteri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjetteri">kjetteri</a> og deretter brent på bål. Henrettelsen skapte opprør i Böhmen og gjorde hans tilhengere, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Husittene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Husittene">husittene</a>, mer uforsonlige. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sigismund_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sigismund av Det tysk-romerske rike">Sigismund av Det tysk-romerske rike</a> samlet en pavelig hær mot husittene som vant slag i 1420 og i 1422. Husittene ble styrket og invaderte Ungarn og tyske stater. Husittene begynte etterhvert å slåss innbyrdes og møttes i slaget ved Lipany (utenfor Český Brod) i 1434 der «taborittene» (folkehæren) ble utslettet. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georg_av_Podiebrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georg av Podiebrad">Georg av Podiebrad</a> ble senere konge som den eneste husitt og den siste fra Böhmen.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/250px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="930"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/250px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/375px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/500px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Samtidig fremstilling av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Defenestrasjonene_i_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Defenestrasjonene i Praha">Defenestrasjonene i Praha</a> (1618). </figcaption> </figure> <p>De protestantiske adelsmenn i Böhmen ville ikke godta <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand II av Det tysk-romerske rike">Ferdinand av Habsburg</a> ved valget av konge i 1618. Protestene ledet til <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Defenestrasjonene_i_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Defenestrasjonene i Praha">den andre defenestrasjonen</a></i> da katolske embetsmenn ble kastet ut av vinduene i slottet i Praha. Embetsmennene landet mykt slik at de overlevde og kunne rapportere om opplevelsen i Wien. <i>Defenestrasjonen</i> regnes som innledningen til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tredve%C3%A5rskrigen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tredveårskrigen">Tredveårskrigen</a>. Den protestantiske bøhmiske hæren ble drevet på flukt i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_p%C3%A5_Det_hvite_berg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget på Det hvite berg">slaget på Det hvite berg</a> i 1620. Habsburgerne var uforsonlige og ville utslette den bøhmiske <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantisme">protestantismen</a> for godt og 26 protestantiske ledere ble torturert og henrettet foran rådhuset i Praha. Habsburgerne beslagla gods tilhørende den protestantiske adelen. Livegne og eiendomsløse ble konvertert med tvang til katolisismen og omkring 300 000 flyktet fra Böhmen for godt. Böhmen og Mähren ble etter dette «kronland» og var ikke lenger selvstendige stater (noe som varte til utgangen av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_verdenskrig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Første verdenskrig">første verdenskrig</a>). Jesuittiske sensorer brente tsjekkiskspråklige bøker og tsjekkisk ble ikke lenger brukt som administrasjonsspråk.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-5" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:50</sup></p> <p>Böhmen ble på 1800-tallet det viktigste industriområdet i habsburgernes rike. Særlig jern og stål, landbruksmaskiner, jernbanevogner, kjemikalier, våpen, glass og porselen var viktige industrigrener i Böhmen og Mähren.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-6" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:53</sup> I Østerrike-Ungarn var ⅔ av industrien i riket konsentrert i Böhmen og Mähren i tilknytning til rike forekomster av blant annet kull, sink og nikkel.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-7" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:107</sup></p> <p>I 1848 var det et kortvarig opprør av arbeidere og studenter i Praha. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_I,_Fyrste_av_Windisch-Graetz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred I, Fyrste av Windisch-Graetz">Alfred I, Fyrste av Windisch-Graetz</a>, den lokale østerrikske kommandanten, bombarderte byen som overga seg etter seks dager. Tsjekkisk språk ble forbudt i skoler og aviser. Komponistene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> og deres musikk var viktige i den nasjonale bevegelsen. Da habsburgerne ble svekket i siste del av 1800-tallet krevde tsjekkerne større autonomi og fikk noen innrømmelser fra Wien, blant annet ble tsjekkisk språk gjeninnført i skolen og tillatt brukt i forvaltningen. Etter uro ble universitetet i Praha delt i et tysk og et tsjekkisk fakultet. Språkspørsmålet skapte stadige gnisninger mellom tsjekkisktalende og tysktalende (som utgjorde 30 % av befolkningen i Bøhmen).<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-8" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:54</sup></p> <p>Tsjekkiske soldater deltok i den svake østerrikske hæren under første verdenskrig. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Jaroslav Hašek</a> beskrev den håpløse situasjonen humoristisk i <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_tapre_soldat_%C5%A0vejk_og_hans_eventyr_i_verdenskrigen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den tapre soldat Švejk og hans eventyr i verdenskrigen">Den tapre soldat Švejk og hans eventyr i verdenskrigen</a></i>. Da den tsjekkiske uavhengighetsbevegelsen ble støttet av de allierte dannet tsjekkiske krigsfanger en frivillig hær. Omkring 130 000 tsjekkiske og slovakiske soldater deltok på italiensk, fransk og russisk side. Under fredskonferansen etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sentralmaktene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sentralmaktene">sentralmaktenes</a> sammenbrudd (Tyskland, Østerrike-Ungarn, Bulgaria og Det osmanske riket) ble landegrensene i Europa vidtrekkende endret og flere nye selvstendige stater ble opprettet, blant annet Tsjekkoslovakia og Polen. Østerrike og Ungarn ble adskilt og avga territorier til den nye republikken Tsjekkoslovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-9" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:54-57</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Det_demokratiske_Tsjekkoslovakia">Det demokratiske Tsjekkoslovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Det demokratiske Tsjekkoslovakia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakias_historie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkoslovakias historie">Tsjekkoslovakias historie</a></p> </div> <p>Republikken <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkoslovakia">Tsjekkoslovakia</a> ble proklamert i 1918. Bakgrunn var <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_verdenskrig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Første verdenskrig">første verdenskrig</a> og oppløsningen av det <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Habsburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">habsburgske</a> dobbeltmonarkiet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike-Ungarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike-Ungarn">Østerrike-Ungarn</a>. Under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fredskonferansen_i_Paris_(1919)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fredskonferansen i Paris (1919)">Fredskonferansen i Paris (1919)</a> arbeidet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> for å få stormaktenes tilslutning til et stort territorium for den nye republikken.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sudettyskerne ville ha en autonom, tysk region, lagt inn under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a>. Republikkens territorium som inkluderte <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetenland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> ble fastsatt ved <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Germain-traktaten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Germain-traktaten">Saint Germain-traktaten</a> (1919).<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prauser_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Prauser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg/250px-Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="656"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 314px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg/250px-Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="314" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg/375px-Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg/500px-Thomas_G_Masaryk_Cz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a>, grunnleggeren av Tsjekkoslovakia. Masaryk var en fremstående intellektuell og liberal idealist med erklært mål å skape «en øye av demokrati» midt i Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-10" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:57</sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tsjekkoslovakia ble til på territorier avstått fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98sterrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a> (de historiske østerrikske landskapene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen">Böhmen</a> på 55000 km<sup>2</sup> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren">Mähren</a> på 22 000 km<sup>2</sup>, foruten en liten del av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schlesien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schlesien">Schlesien</a> på 4 400 km<sup>2</sup>) og fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ungarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a> (området som utgjør dagens <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, samt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rutenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rutenia">Rutenia</a> som i dag er en del av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da Tsjekkoslovakia ble opprettet i 1918 bodde det tre millioner tysktalende og syv millioner tsjekkisktalende i Böhmen og Mähren.<sup id="cite_ref-Glassheim_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glassheim-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tysk og tsjekkisk språk har lite til felles og markerte tydelig skillet mellom folkegruppene.<sup id="cite_ref-Veiden_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Veiden-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsjekkoslovakias befolkning besto av 46 % etniske tsjekkere, 28 tysktalende, 13 % slovakiske, 8 % <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magyar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar">magyarer</a> og 3 % rutenere. Tsjekkoslovakia ble dannet av 25 % befolkningen på 20 % av Østerrike-Ungarns areal, men ⅔ av industrien i det gamle riket havnet innenfor Tsjekkoslovakia. Industrien i Böhmen og Mähren var vesentlig for den økonomiske utviklingen i Tsjekkoslovakia. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ba%C5%A5a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tomáš Baťa (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tomáš Baťas</a> skofabrikk ekspanderte internasjonalt og ble verdens ledende skoprodusent og sysselsatte på det meste 6 % av landets arbeidere. I fabrikkene i Mähren innførte Baťa mekanisert produksjon etter amerikansk mønster.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-11" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:57, 107</sup> Den slovakiske delen hadde i 1000 år vært en del av Ungarn og var et relativt lite utviklet jordbruksland, mens den tsjekkiske delen hadde en sterk økonomi basert særlig på en velutviklet og eksportrettet industri. Mens Praha var et livlig kultursentrum, var Bratislava en stille provinsby.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-12" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:104-107</sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG/250px-Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG/250px-Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG/375px-Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG/500px-Socha_Tomase_Bati_ve_Zline.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Skulptur av skoprodusenten <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ba%C5%A5a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tomáš Baťa (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tomáš Baťa</a> foran <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Univerzita_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e_Bati_ve_Zl%C3%ADn%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně">Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně</a> i byen <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zlín">Zlín</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>I 1918 var det flere tysktalende enn etniske slovaker i Tsjekkoslovaka; en del av de tysktalende var dessuten jøder. Det var over 100 000 jøder i landet i mellomkrigstiden. Noen jøder regnet seg som etniske tyskere, mens mange regnet seg som etniske tsjekkere. For eksempel regnet Hermann Kafka, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Kafka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafkas</a> far, seg som tsjekker etter å ha vokst opp i overveiende tsjekkisk landsby.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Den tsjekkiske grunnloven fra 1920 garanterte fulle borgerrettigheter for <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudettyskere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudettyskere">sudettyskerne</a> som gjorde seg sterkt gjeldende i politikken. Moderate tyske politiske krefter samarbeidet med de øvrige etniske gruppene. Det sosialdemokratiske tyske partiet var i 1929 det ledende i den tyske minoritet. Høyreradikale tyske partier sto for en konfronterende politikk, og i 1933 ble Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP) forbudt av myndighetene.<sup id="cite_ref-Pykel_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pykel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I 1930-årene ble Tsjekkoslovakia rammet av dårlige konjunkturer, og dette gikk særlig ut over de tyske områdene. Endringen medførte større oppslutning om det høyreradikale partiet, som nå het Det sudettyske partiet (SdP).Tsjekkoslovakias president <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> forsøkte sammen med det sosialdemokratiske tyske partiet å bremse for høyrekreftene. I 1935 fikk SdP som var ledet av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konrad_Henlein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konrad Henlein">Konrad Henlein</a>, bare to representanter færre enn Det tsjekkoslovakiske agrarpartiet. Heinlein gikk inn for full løsrivelse fra Tsjekkoslovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-Pykel_11-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pykel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Den tysktalende minoriteten ønsket autonomi, og i mellomkrigstiden sendte de en rekke appeller til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Folkeforbundet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Folkeforbundet">Folkeforbundet</a>. De klaget blant annet over at tyskspråklige skoler ble stengt. Autonomi for Sudetenland var ikke akseptabelt for Tsjekkoslovakia, både fordi grenseområdene ble oppfattet som tradisjonelle deler av Böhmen og Mähren og fordi områdene var økonomisk og militært viktige.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryback_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ryback-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tsjekkoslovakia ble dannet av områder som tidligere lå under Østerrike og Ungarn, og disse områdene hadde ulikt lovverk. Frem til rundt 1950 ble lovverket kodifisert og samordnet for å skape rettsenhet.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:317</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Andre_verdenskrig">Andre verdenskrig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre verdenskrig" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikler: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetenkrisen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetenkrisen">Sudetenkrisen</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenavtalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münchenavtalen">Münchenavtalen</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republikken_Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republikken Slovakia">Republikken Slovakia</a></p> </div> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenavtalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münchenavtalen">Münchenavtalen</a> ble 30. september 1938 inngått mellom Tyskland, Frankrike, Storbritannia og Italia. Avtalen medførte at <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudetenland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> med omkring 40 % av Böhmens og Mährens areal ble overtatt av Tyskland. Området som ble overført til Tyskland hadde 2,8 millioner tysktalende og 700 000 tsjekkisktalende innbyggere. Omkring 440 000 tysktalende befant seg i områdene som fortsatt ble kontrollert av Tsjekkoslovakias regjering.<sup id="cite_ref-Prauser_12-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Prauser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Beneš gikk av som president 5. oktober 1938 etter tysk press og gikk i eksil i London. I mars 1939 ga president <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> etter for tysk press og den slovakiske delen av republikken ble skilt fra Böhmen og Mähren, som Tyskland straks okkuperte og opprettet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riksprotektoratet_B%C3%B6hmen-M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Riksprotektoratet Böhmen-Mähren">Riksprotektoratet Böhmen-Mähren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brown-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange etniske tsjekkere ble fordrevet fra det annekterte Sudetenland.<sup id="cite_ref-Veiden_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Veiden-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et stort antall tysktalende tsjekkere (sudettyskere) ble rekruttert til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wehrmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schutzstaffel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS), og mange var involvert i overgrep mot befolkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-Prauser_12-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Prauser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Riksprotektoratet_Böhmen-Mähren"><span id="Riksprotektoratet_B.C3.B6hmen-M.C3.A4hren"></span>Riksprotektoratet Böhmen-Mähren</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Riksprotektoratet Böhmen-Mähren" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen-M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen-Mähren">Böhmen-Mähren</a></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Kartskisse over oppdelingen av Tsjekkoslovakia etter Münchenavtalen og tysk kontroll med resten av landet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg/450px-Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="426"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 450px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg/450px-Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg.png" data-alt="Kartskisse over oppdelingen av Tsjekkoslovakia etter Münchenavtalen og tysk kontroll med resten av landet" data-width="450" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg/675px-Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg/900px-Czechoslovakia_1939_no.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Oppdeling av Tsjekkoslovakia etter Münchenavtalen og opprettelse av «riksprotektoratet» i resten av det okkuperte landet. </figcaption> </figure> <p>I 1939 tok Hitler kontroll over resten av Böhmen og Mähren utenom Sudetenland, og opprettet et «<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6hmen-M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Böhmen-Mähren">riksprotektorat</a>» for området. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudettyskere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudettyskere">Sudettyskernes</a> ledere ønsket okkupasjonen velkommen og mange etniske tyskere medvirket til okkupasjonsmaktens brutale styre.<sup id="cite_ref-Spiegel_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Spiegel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waters_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Waters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macklem_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Macklem-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et stort antall tysktalende tsjekkere (sudettyskere) ble rekruttert til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wehrmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schutzstaffel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS). Også andre tsjekkoslovakiske borgere gikk okkupasjonsmaktens ærend.<sup id="cite_ref-Prauser_12-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Prauser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blant de sudettyske kollaboratørene var den anti-tsjekkiske <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glassheim_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glassheim-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Befolkningen bygget opp et intenst hat mot alt og alle som var tysk.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bryant-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wingfield_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wingfield-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Den tyske diplomaten <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a> var «riksprotektor» fra 15. mars 1939. Den tsjekkiske våpenindustri var viktig for tysk krigføring.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1941 ble SS-offiseren <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> stedfortreder for Neurath.<sup id="cite_ref-Pykel_11-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pykel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsjekkoslovakia sto til sammen for 10 % av industriproduksjonen under tysk kontroll.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heydrich styrte landet med jernhånd og det ble innført unntakstilstand, der 4 000 til 5 000 mennesker ble arrestert og 400 henrettet under Heydrichs styre.<sup id="cite_ref-Macklem_25-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Macklem-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omkring 90 % av jødene og 50 % av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanifolket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanifolket">romanifolket</a> ble deportert til utryddelsesleirer av okkupasjonsmakten.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant_26-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bryant-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1939 bodde 118 000 jøder i landet; av disse ble 78 154 ble drept av okkupasjonsmakten.<sup id="cite_ref-Macklem_25-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Macklem-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsjekkoslovakia opplevde mindre materielle tap enn andre østeuropeiske land i løpet av krigen.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Herman-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitlers ide om å fordrive tsjekkere fra Böhmen-Mähren ble ikke iverksatt.<sup id="cite_ref-Naimark_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Naimark-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Heydrich døde etter attentat 27. mai 1942, noe som medførte omfattende represalier. Blant annet ble landsbyen <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lidice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lidice">Lidices</a> 192 voksne menn henrettet, kvinner og barn ble deportert og landsbyen ble revet.<sup id="cite_ref-Macklem_25-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Macklem-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gjengjeldelsesaksjonen mot Lidice ble godt kjent i vesten.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Regjeringen_i_eksil_og_gjenoppretting_av_Tsjekkoslovakia">Regjeringen i eksil og gjenoppretting av Tsjekkoslovakia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Regjeringen i eksil og gjenoppretting av Tsjekkoslovakia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"> <i>Se også: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha-offensiven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha-offensiven">Praha-offensiven</a></i> </div> <p>President <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> befant seg under det meste av krigen i eksil i London. Beneš fortsatte sin ledelse med grunnlag i vide fullmakter frem til 28. oktober 1945 da den midlertidige nasjonalforsamlingen overtok lovgivningsmyndigheten.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsjekkoslovakia ble i 1945 gjenopprettet innenfor grensene fra før <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenavtalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münchenavtalen">Münchenavtalen</a> (med unntak av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karpato-Ruthenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpato-Ruthenia">Karpato-Ruthenia</a> som ble overført til Sovjetunionen/Ukraina).<sup id="cite_ref-Cordell_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cordell-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hughes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På slutten av krigen kontrollerte Sovjetunionen i realiteten store deler av Tsjekkoslovakia med unntak av den vestligste delen av Böhmen som ble befridd av USA.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_24-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Waters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_om_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget om Berlin">Slaget om Berlin</a> var Böhmen og Mähren fortsatt kontrollert av store tyske styrker. De første dagene i mai 1945 rykket flere millioner soldater fra den røde armé sørover fra Berlin og Dresden mot Praha og nordvestover gjennom Mähren mot Praha (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brno">Brno</a> ble befridd 26. april). Planen var å omringe Praha og hindre gjenværende tyske soldater i å overgi seg til amerikanske styrker i vest.<sup id="cite_ref-Simons_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Simons-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kampen om Praha og det sentrale Böhmen var de siste store krigshandlingene i Europa og pågikk <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5._mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5. mai">5.</a>–<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11._mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11. mai">11. mai</a>, til dels etter at Tyskland hadde kapitulert 8. mai. Slaget ble utkjempet samtidig med et større folkelig opprør i Praha fra 5. mai.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Fordrivelsen_av_etniske_tyskere">Fordrivelsen av etniske tyskere</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fordrivelsen av etniske tyskere" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikler: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fordrivelsen_av_tyskere_fra_Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fordrivelsen av tyskere fra Tsjekkoslovakia">Fordrivelsen av tyskere fra Tsjekkoslovakia</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bene%C5%A1-dekretene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beneš-dekretene">Beneš-dekretene</a></p> </div> <p>Tre millioner tysktalende tsjekkoslovaker, bosatt i Sudetenland og tyske språkøyer ellers i landet, ble tvunget ut av Tsjekkoslovakia, og ble deportert til Tyskland og Østerrike etter krigen. Etter at fordrivelsen av etnisk tyske ble avsluttet i 1948 var ambisjonen å «homogenisere» befolkningen, inkludert de gjenværende tysktalende, til en felles kultur med minst mulig spor av det tyske.<sup id="cite_ref-Cordell_33-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cordell-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Veiden_17-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Veiden-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glassheim2006_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glassheim2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over hele landet ble spor av tysk fortid fjernet så mye som mulig, inkludert navn på gater, byer og steder.<sup id="cite_ref-Wingfield_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wingfield-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Områdene tømt for etnisk tyske ble befolket av personer fra andre deler av Böhmen og Mähren og fra områder lenger øst.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalova_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Spalova-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flere hundre tidligere sudettyske landsbyer i grenseområdet ble jevnet med jorden etter at kommunistene kom til makten i 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-WZ2015_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WZ2015-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1950 var andelen tsjekkere og slovaker i Sudetenland 94 %, mot 68 % før krigen. Hovedstaden Praha ble endret fra å en etnisk svært blandet by av tsjekkere, etnisk tyske og jøder før krigen, til å bli en nesten ren tsjekkisk by.<sup id="cite_ref-Wingfield_27-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wingfield-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Fordrivelsen har vært et politisk tema i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland siden. Fordrivelsen var lenge et vesentlig problem i relasjonen mellom Tyskland og Tsjekkoslovakia, og de juridiske forholdene måtte avklares før Tsjekkia gikk inn i EU.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kommunisttiden">Kommunisttiden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kommunisttiden" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Etter andre verdenskrig ble Tsjekkoslovakia gjenopprettet innenfor grensene før Münchenavtalen, men måtte avstå Ruthenia til Sovjetunionen.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-13" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:58</sup> Etter krigen nærmet Tsjekkoslovakia seg <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovjetunionen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> utenrikspolitisk som følge av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankrike">Frankrikes</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storbritannia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannias</a> unnfallenhet overfor <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyskland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> under Sudetenkrisen.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Ved parlamentsvalget våren 1946 fikk kommunistene 38 prosent av stemmene, og sammen med demokratene tok de halvparten av mandatene. Kommunistenes leder, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klement_Gottwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a>, ble statsminister.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg/250px-Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="381" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="975"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 381px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg/250px-Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="381" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg/375px-Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg/500px-Klement-Gottwald-01210627.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klement_Gottwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style> <div class="byline"> <span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svenska_Dagbladet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svenska Dagbladet">Svenska Dagbladet</a></i>, 1946 </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>I februar 1948 tok kommunistpartiet over makten i landet gjennom et statskupp støttet av Sovjetunionen, som gjorde landet om til et kommunistdiktatur. Utenriksminister <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Masaryk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Masaryk">Jan Masaryk</a> ble funnet under et vindu i mars 1948, offisielt selvmord, men trolig drap (<i>den tredje defenestrasjonen</i>). <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> ble presset til å trekke seg som president i juni 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-14" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:58</sup> Gjennom en ny forfatning den 9. juni 1948 ble Tsjekkoslovakia utropt til «folkedemokrati» med to likeverdige nasjoner, tsjekkere og slovaker. Slovakia fikk et eget lovgivende nasjonalråd.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:317</sup> Det kommunistiske partiet fikk «en ledende rolle», hvilket betydde at demokratiske valg ble avskaffet og økonomien ble sentralstyrt.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-5" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:317</sup> Gottwald styrte landet med jernhånd, hvor han internerte omkring 130 000 mennesker og drepte over 300 gjennom henrettelser eller i fengsler og leire.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudolf Slánský">Rudolf Slánský</a> og ti andre fremtredende partifunksjonærer ble henrettet etter oppdiktede anklager.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-15" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:58</sup></p> <p>Etter Gottwalds død i 1953 fortsatte det kommunistiske diktaturet. Som i de andre østeuropeiske land på den tiden hadde partiet kontroll over det offentlige liv: Partiet hadde regjeringsmakten, styrte økonomien, styrte utdanningssektoren og massemediene, sensurerte litteraturen, og fordelte jobber og privilegier. De viktigste stillingene ble tildelt personer som hadde gjort seg fortjente gjennom lojalitet til partiets linje.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-16" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>På begynnelsen av 1960-årene hadde Tsjekkoslovakias økonomi stagnert og den industrielle veksten var en av Europas laveste.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> I kommunistpartiet vokste det frem kritikk mot den økonomiske sentralstyringen. Førstesekretær <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Novotný">Antonín Novotný</a> og hans tilhengere ble utfordret høsten 1967 av den slovakiske partisekretæren <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a>. Dubček, som hadde vokst opp i Sovjetunionen, utmanøvrerte Novotný og ble ny førstesekretær den 5. januar 1968. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludvík Svoboda">Ludvík Svoboda</a> (som hadde blitt drevet ut tidlig i 1950-årene) erstattet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Novotný">Antonín Novotný</a> som president.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-17" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I løpet av våren 1968 begynte Dubček å reformere det kommunistiske diktaturregimet i den såkalte <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prahav%C3%A5ren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prahavåren">Prahavåren</a>, pressesensuren ble avskaffet og det ble mulig å kritisere forholdene i nabolandene. Dubček snakket om «sosialisme med et menneskelig ansikt». Det ble forsamlings- og talefrihet, bedriftene skulle i større grad få styre seg selv, og grunnloven skulle etter planen revideres. Natten mellom 20. og 21. august 1968 ble Tsjekkoslovakia invadert av styrker fra Polen, Ungarn, Bulgaria og Sovjetunionen.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-18" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dubček ble arrestert og de utenlandske troppene ble møtt av passiv motstand. Dubček ble tvunget til å gå av den 17. april 1969 og ble erstattet av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a>. En stor del av de som hadde støttet Praha-våren mistet partimedlemskapet og mistet sine stillinger, flere tusen lærere, advokater, journalister og andre mistet jobbene sine og måtte nøye seg med ufaglært, manuelt arbeid som fyrbøtere eller vaskehjelper. I oktober 1969 ble grunnloven endret slik at Tsjekkoslovakia ble en to-nasjonal forbundsstat der tsjekkere og slovaker skulle dele makten likeverdig med hvert sitt nasjonalråd og en felles nasjonalforsamling. Nasjonalforsamlingens lavere kammer (<i>folkets hus</i>) var sammensatt av ⅔ tsjekkere og ⅓ slovaker, mens det høyere kammeret (<i>nasjonenes hus</i>) hadde like mange representanter av hver. Et investeringsprogram ble iverksatt for å bringe Slovakia opp på samme økonomiske nivå som de tsjekkiske områdene. De tsjekkiske områdene sto i 1980-årene fortsatt for 80 % av industriproduksjonen i Tsjekkoslovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-19" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:106-107</sup> På begynnelsen av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970-%C3%A5rene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970-årene">1970-årene</a> ble hele samfunnet rensket for reformister. All form for opposisjon og motstand ble slått ned. Gjennom en forbedret økonomisk utvikling håpet man at motstanden skulle forsvinne, industriarbeidere fikk økt lønn, men oljekrisen i 1973 gjorde at de økonomiske problemene var åpenbare.</p> <p>I 1977 ble <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charta_77?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charta 77">Charta 77</a> grunnlagt og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jan_Pato%C4%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jan Patočka (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jan Patočka</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_H%C3%A1jek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiří Hájek">Jiří Hájek</a> ble valgt til talsmenn. Charta 77 strebet etter et samfunn hvor sivile lover og menneskerettigheter ble respektert. Det hemmelige politiet overvåket medlemmene, og Havel ble arrestert noen dager senere. Myndighetene trakasserte medlemmene, og mellom 1977 og 1980 ble 61 av Charta 77s medlemmer dømt til fengsel.</p> <p>På slutten av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-%C3%A5rene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-årene">1980-årene</a> begynte generalsekretær for det sovjetiske kommunistpartiet Mikhail Gorbatsjov å vise interesse for reformer da det snart ble klart at den gamle politikken var over. Inspirert av dette og av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidaritet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solidaritet">Solidaritet</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polen">Polen</a> begynte demonstrasjoner mot kommuniststyret i 1988, som fortsatte med økt styrke i 1989. Den såkalte <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fl%C3%B8yelsrevolusjonen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fløyelsrevolusjonen">fløyelsrevolusjonen</a> begynte den 16. november med en fredelig studentdemonstrasjon i Bratislava. Dagen etter ble en annen fredelig studentdemonstrasjon i Praha slått hardt ned av politiet. Demonstrasjonene økte i antall og omfang sammen med en totimers generalstreik den <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27._november?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27. november">27. november</a>. Den 20. november var antallet demonstranter steget til anslagsvis 500 000. Dette presset, sammen med presset fra andre kommunistiske styrers fall rundt omkring i Europa, førte til at det tsjekkoslovakiske kommunistpartiet avskaffet artikkel 4 i forfatningen den 29. november, og kommunistpartiets maktmonopol ble fjernet. I desember ble en samlingsregjering med representanter fra opposisjonen og allmenne valg ble utlyst. Den <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29._desember?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29. desember">29. desember</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a> ble Václav Havel valgt til president.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tsjekkoslovakia_oppløses"><span id="Tsjekkoslovakia_oppl.C3.B8ses"></span>Tsjekkoslovakia oppløses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tsjekkoslovakia oppløses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>De første frie valgene i Tsjekkoslovakia siden 1946 foregikk i juni 1990 uten problemer og med mer enn 95 % valgdeltagelse. Ved 1992 ble Slovakias krav om større selvstyre blokkert i regjeringen. Føderalister som Havel var ikke i stand til å stoppe utviklingen mot et brudd mellom de to nasjonene Tsjekkia og Slovakia, og i juli gikk han av. I løpet av den siste halvdelen av 1992 ble det oppnådd enighet om at de to nasjonene skulle gå hver sin vei i slutten av året.</p> <p>Medlemmene i Tsjekkoslovakias parlament var delt langs nasjonale skillelinjer og var knapt i stand til å samarbeide nok til å godkjenne loven som delte de to nasjonene. Den 1. januar 1993 ble de to republikkene Tsjekkia og Slovakia opprettet samtidig. Forholdet mellom de to nasjonene, til tross for en del strid om deling av regjeringseiendom og styringen av grensen, har vært fredelig. Begge statene ble anerkjent av USA og de europeiske statene.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk">Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Tsjekkia har utført økonomiske reformer som rask privatisering og flat skatt, og Tsjekkias økonomi er blitt en av de mest robuste i Sentral-Europa. I 1991 ble Tsjekkoslovakia medlem av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1dgruppen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visegrádgruppen">Visegrádgruppen</a> (<i>Visegrádská skupina</i>), og fortsatte deres medlemskap etter Tsjekkoslovakias oppløsning til Tsjekkia og Slovakia.</p> <p>Den 12. mars 1999 ble Tsjekkia fullt medlem av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a>.</p> <p>Landet avviklet obligatorisk førstegangstjeneste i 2004. Det er frivillig førstegangstjeneste for menn og kvinner mellom 18 og 28 år.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I en folkeavstemning i 2003 stemte tsjekkerne så for medlemskap i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>, som Tsjekkia ble et fullverdig medlem av 1. mai 2004.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Bakgrunn_for_EU-medlemskap">Bakgrunn for EU-medlemskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn for EU-medlemskap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bene%C5%A1-dekretene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beneš-dekretene">Beneš-dekretene</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fordrivelsen_av_tyskere_fra_Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fordrivelsen av tyskere fra Tsjekkoslovakia">fordrivelsen av etniske tyskere fra Tsjekkoslovakia</a> etter andre verdenskrig var et vanskelig tema i relasjonen mellom Tyskland og Tsjekkia.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_24-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Waters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1997 undertegnet den tyske og den tsjekkiske regjeringen en erklæring, der det blant annet het at «The Czech side regrets that, by the forcible expulsion and forced resettlement of Sudeten Germans from the former Czechoslovakia after the war as well as by the expropriation and deprivation of citizenship, much suffering and injustice was inflicted upon innocent people, also in view of the fact that guilt was attributed collectively.»<sup id="cite_ref-KohletAl_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-KohletAl-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I erklæringen beklaget ikke Tsjekkia selve fordrivelsene, bare den lidelsen det medførte og de overgrepene som skjedde. Tsjekkia mener landet har avsluttet saken med denne erklæringen.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_24-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Waters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I erklæringen sto det også: "The German side is conscious of the fact that the National Socialist policy of violence towards the Czech people helped to prepare the ground for post-war flight, forcible expulsion and forced resettlement."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I forbindelse med EUs østutvidelse forlangte blant annet regjeringene i Ungarn, Østerrike og Bayern at opphevelsen av dekretene måtte være en forutsetning for å ta opp Tsjekkia og Slovakia som medlemmer.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eu-info.de_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eu-info.de-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På slutten av 1990-årene var det anstrengte diplomatiske forhold mellom Tsjekkia og Østerrike på bakgrunn av fordrivelsene og dekretene. Etter at Østerrike ble medlem av EU kunne landet blokkere Tsjekkias inntreden, men unnlot bruke misnøye med Tsjekkias håndtering av saken som grunn til blokkere medlemskap. Tyskland ønsket ikke å blokkere Tsjekkias medlemskap på dette grunnlaget.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_24-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Waters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Før Tsjekkias inntreden i EU i 2004 ble det stilt spørsmål om dekretene var til hinder for medlemskap. Ethvert medlem kunne legge ned veto mot Tsjekkias inntreden. Det var særlig ni av dekretene som i den forbindelse ble fremhevet som mulige hindre. Det dreide seg om dekret nr. 5, 12, 28 og 108 som gjaldt konfiskasjon av eiendom, nr 33 som gjaldt statsborgerskap og 16, 138, 71 og 115 som gjaldt strafferett og prosedyre.<sup id="cite_ref-Frowein_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frowein-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De tre juristene <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jochen_A._Frowein&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jochen A. Frowein (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jochen A. Frowein</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ulf_Bernitz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ulf Bernitz (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ulf Bernitz</a> og Lord Kingsland utredet i 2002 saken på oppdrag fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EU-parlamentet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EU-parlamentet">EU-parlamentet</a>. De var ikke enige på alle punkt, men avga en felles uttalelse.<sup id="cite_ref-Frowein_45-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frowein-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I 1945 behandlet Tsjekkoslovakia borgere av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liechtenstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> som tyske borgere og beslagla deres eiendom. Fyrsten anså beslagene av hans eiendommer i Tsjekkoslovakia som ulovlige og har opprettholdt kravet overfor Tsjekkia. Tsjekkia aksepterte krav fra Sveits (som også var nøytralt), men avvist krav fra Liechtenstein.<sup id="cite_ref-Horcicka_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Horcicka-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I forbindelse med forhandling om utvidelse av EØS-avtalen uttrykte Liechtenstein en anerkjennelse av Tsjekkia og Slovakia, mens disse to ikke entydig hadde anerkjent Liechtenstein som uavhengig stat.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liechtenstein unnlot som et av få land å anerkjenne Tsjekkia da republikken ble opprettet i 1993. Tsjekkia uttrykte anerkjennelse av Liechtenstein i 2003. I 1992-1993 uttrykte Slovakia og Liechtenstein intensjoner om gjensidig anerkjennelse.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I 2009 fikk Liechtenstein diplomatiske forbindelser med Slovakia og Tsjekkia for første gang siden 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Horcicka_46-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Horcicka-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liechtenstein nektet i oktober 2003 å åpne for å utvide EØS til også å omfatte Tsjekkia og Slovakia på grunn av den historiske konflikten. Etter å ha blokkert utvidelsen av EØS i tre uker signerte likevel Liechtenstein i november 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-VG20031105_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VG20031105-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etter andre verdenskrig ble eiendommer tilhørende den tysktalende minoritet i Tsjekkoslovakia beslaglagt. Blant de berørte var medlemmer av Liechtensteins fyrstefamilie og andre liechtensteinere. Tsjekkoslovakia anerkjente ikke Liechtenstein som stat i 1945 og betraktet fyrstefamiliens eiendommer som privat eiendom tilhørende tyskere. Etter dette hadde ikke Liechtenstein og Tsjekkoslovakia diplomatiske forbindelser. Liechtenstein ønsket å bruke EØS-utvidelse til å presse de to andre til å endre tidspunktet for historisk anerkjenning.<sup id="cite_ref-:27_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:27-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liechtenstein hadde i 2003 ikke diplomatiske forbindelser med Tsjekkia og Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Politikk_og_administrasjon">Politikk og administrasjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Politikk og administrasjon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_politiske_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias politiske system">Tsjekkias politiske system</a></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg/250px-Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg/250px-Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg/375px-Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg/500px-Zasedac%C3%AD_s%C3%A1l_Poslaneck%C3%A9_sn%C4%9Bmovny.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Det tsjekkiske parlamentets deputertkammer (<i>Poslanecká sněmovna</i>). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tsjekkias president er statsoverhode, men har liten formell makt. Presidenten velges ved direktevalg siden 2013. Før 2013 ble statoverhode valgt av nasjonalforsamlingen.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidenten foreslår høyesterettsdommere, kan utskrive nyvalg under gitte betingelser, og har utsettende <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veto">veto</a>.</p> <p>Statsministeren utpekes av presidenten, men velger selv sin regjering. Statsministeren har langt mer makt enn presidenten, både innenrikspolitisk og utenrikspolitisk.</p> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_parlament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias parlament">Parlamentet</a> (<i>Parlament České republiky</i>) har to kamre. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_deputertkammer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias deputertkammer">Deputertkammeret</a>, <i>Poslanecká sněmovna</i>, velges for fireårsperioder og har 200 medlemmer. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_senat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias senat">Senatet</a> har 81 medlemmer, der senatorene sitter i seks år. En tredjedel av Senatet byttes ut annethvert år, og senatorene velges i enkeltmannskretser.</p> <p>Tsjekkias høyesterett velges av presidenten med Senatets godkjennelse. Høyesterett har 15 medlemmer, som sitter i ti år.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Administrativ_inndeling">Administrativ inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Administrativ inndeling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_regioner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias regioner">Tsjekkias regioner</a></p> </div> <p>Siden <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._januar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. januar">1. januar</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a> har Den tsjekkiske republikk bestått av 14 regioner (i henhold til Tsjekkias lov 129/2000 <i>o krajích</i> (om regioner), som erstattet den gamle paragraf 1/1993 i Tsjekkias konstitusjon <i>o Vyšších územně správních celcích</i> (<i>om høyere geo-administrative enheter</i>)). <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_tsjekkiske_republikk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Den tsjekkiske republikk">Den tsjekkiske republikk</a> består av tretten <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraj">kraj</a></i> (vanligvis oversatt med region) og en hovedstad (<i>hlavní město</i>; som har status som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraj">kraj</a>). De gamle <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkias_distrikter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkias distrikter">73 distrikter</a> (<i>okresy</i>, entall <i>okres</i>) eksisterer fortsatt og har ulike deler av statsadministrasjonen, slik som det juridiske systemet.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:CZ-cleneni.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CZ-cleneni.svg/300px-CZ-cleneni.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3433" data-file-height="1973"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CZ-cleneni.svg/300px-CZ-cleneni.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CZ-cleneni.svg/450px-CZ-cleneni.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CZ-cleneni.svg/600px-CZ-cleneni.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Regioner i Den tsjekkiske republikk. </figcaption> </figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:90%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="30px"></th> <th width="170px">Region</th> <th width="100px">Hovedstad</th> <th width="60px">Innbyggere (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th width="60px">Areal (km²)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th width="60px">Befolknings-<br> tetthet (innb./km²)</th> <th width="60px"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">BNP</a><br> (mill. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk_koruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk koruna">CZK</a>)</th> <th width="70px">BNP/innb.<br> (CZK)</th> </tr> <tr> <th>A</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a> (Hovedstad)</th> <td align="left"></td> <td>1 259 079</td> <td>496</td> <td>2 538</td> <td>637 704</td> <td>547 096</td> </tr> <tr> <th>S</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sentral-B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sentral-Böhmen">Sentral-Böhmen</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a></td> <td>1 315 299</td> <td>11 015</td> <td>119,41</td> <td>288 888</td> <td>253 912</td> </tr> <tr> <th>C</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syd-B%C3%B6hmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syd-Böhmen">Syd-Böhmen</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a></td> <td>637 300</td> <td>10 056</td> <td>63,38</td> <td>150 970</td> <td>251 106</td> </tr> <tr> <th>P</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plze%C5%88_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plzeň (region)">Plzeň</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plze%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></td> <td>578 123</td> <td>7 561</td> <td>76,46</td> <td>137 911</td> <td>216 639</td> </tr> <tr> <th>K</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlovy_Vary_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlovy Vary (region)">Karlovy Vary</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlovy_Vary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a></td> <td>299 293</td> <td>3 314</td> <td>90,31</td> <td>65 789</td> <td>216 639</td> </tr> <tr> <th>U</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ústí nad Labem (region)">Ústí nad Labem</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ústí nad Labem">Ústí nad Labem</a></td> <td>823 945</td> <td>5 335</td> <td>154,44</td> <td>188 041</td> <td>229 146</td> </tr> <tr> <th>L</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberec_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberec (region)">Liberec</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberec">Liberec</a></td> <td>438 851</td> <td>3 163</td> <td>138,75</td> <td>94 451</td> <td>229 146</td> </tr> <tr> <th>H</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hradec Králové (region)">Hradec Králové</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a></td> <td>551 590</td> <td>4 759</td> <td>115,9</td> <td>133 767</td> <td>244 549</td> </tr> <tr> <th>E</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pardubice_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pardubice (region)">Pardubice</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pardubice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pardubice">Pardubice</a></td> <td>516 372</td> <td>4 519</td> <td>114,27</td> <td>116 639</td> <td>230 880</td> </tr> <tr> <th>M</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olomouc_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olomouc (region)">Olomouc</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olomouc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a></td> <td>635 711</td> <td>5 267</td> <td>120,7</td> <td>134 376</td> <td>211 467</td> </tr> <tr> <th>T</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4hren-Schlesien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mähren-Schlesien">Mähren-Schlesien</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a></td> <td>1 217 676</td> <td>5 427</td> <td>224,37</td> <td>280 210</td> <td>222 638</td> </tr> <tr> <th>B</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syd-M%C3%A4hren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syd-Mähren">Syd-Mähren</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brno">Brno</a></td> <td>1 172 853</td> <td>7 195</td> <td>163,01</td> <td>285 855</td> <td>254 684</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Z</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zlín (region)">Zlín</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zlín">Zlín</a></td> <td>585 261</td> <td>3 963</td> <td>147,68</td> <td>131 789</td> <td>222 885</td> </tr> <tr> <th>J</th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vyso%C4%8Dina_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vysočina (region)">Vysočina</a></th> <td align="left"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jihlava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jihlava">Jihlava</a></td> <td>509 895</td> <td>6 796</td> <td>75,03</td> <td>121 318</td> <td>234 530</td> </tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th><b>CZ</b></th> <th style="text-align:left;"><b>Den tsjekkiske republikk</b></th> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a></b></td> <td><b>10 538 275</b></td> <td><b>78866</b></td> <td><b>132,8</b></td> <td><b>2 767 717</b></td> <td><b>271 161</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Næringsliv"><span id="N.C3.A6ringsliv"></span>Næringsliv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Næringsliv" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Trosky002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Trosky002.jpg/250px-Trosky002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="1010"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Trosky002.jpg/250px-Trosky002.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Trosky002.jpg/375px-Trosky002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Trosky002.jpg/500px-Trosky002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Typisk tsjekkisk landskap; åskoller med små slott på toppene. Her sees slottet <i>Trosky</i> </figcaption> </figure> <p>De viktigste jordbruksområdene er elvedalene og flatbygdene i Mähren. Det blir særlig dyrket hvete, poteter, sukkerroer, frukt og humle. Jordbruket var tvangskollektivisert etter 1948, men er siden 1989 privatisert. Det er melkeproduksjon og meierier i vest, svineavl i øst. Nest etter DDR var <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkoslovakia">Tsjekkoslovakia</a> den mest industrialiserte stat i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98stblokken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østblokken">Østblokken</a>. Industrien er eksportrettet: stål, verkstedprodukter (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0kodaverkene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Škodaverkene">Škoda-verkene</a>), sko, tekstiler, glass, trevarer m.m. Den tsjekkiske delen stod for nesten 75 % av Tsjekkoslovakias BNP og 80 % av dens eksport.</p> <p>Industrien i Böhmen og Mähren var også før kommunisttiden utviklet og høyt spesialisert og eksportrettet. Forekomster av kull, jern og andre metaller la fra rundt 1870 grunnlaget for omfattende industriutvikling. Før andre verdenskrig var det tsjekkiske området blant de 10 mest industrialiserte i verden, og ble senere hengende etter de vestlige landene. Tekstil og konfeksjon (ull, lin og bomull), næringsmidler særlig øl og sukker. Glass- og keramikkindustrien har lange tradisjoner og er internasjonalt anerkjent.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-6" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:316</sup> Kullforekomstene i Böhmen og Schlesien dannet grunnlag for Tsjekkias store jern- og maskinindustri med tyngdepunkt i Praha, Plzeň (særlig <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda-verkene&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Škoda-verkene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Škoda-verkene</a>, i sin tid en av Europas største industribedrifter), Ostrava og Brno. Større industribedrifter ble nasjonalisert etter andre verdenskrig. Den slovakiske delen av Tsjekkoslovakia ble industrialisert i et storstilt program iverksatt av kommunistregimet etter andre verdenskrig.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-20" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-7" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:317</sup></p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Økonomiske nøkkeltall</th> <th>Verdi</th> <th>% av BNP</th> <th>År, kilde</th> </tr> <tr> <td>BNP (Verdensbanken)</td> <td>141,8 mrd US$</td> <td></td> <td>2006, <i>Verdensbanken</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BNP (vekst)</td> <td>6,0 %</td> <td></td> <td>Q3 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Industriproduksjon</td> <td>5,5 %</td> <td></td> <td>Q3 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Konsumpriser 2006</td> <td>2,1 %</td> <td></td> <td>2006, <i>Eurostat</i> (europa.eu)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Konsumpriser 2007</td> <td>2,8 %</td> <td></td> <td>Q3 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Renter 3 mnd 2006</td> <td>2,30 %</td> <td></td> <td>2006, <i>Eurostat</i> (europa.eu)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Renter 3 mnd 2007</td> <td>3,58 %</td> <td></td> <td>Q3 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Børsindeks 1. jan-7. mai 2008</td> <td>-8,3 %</td> <td></td> <td><i>The Economist</i> mai 2008</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Arbeidsløshet</td> <td>6,2 %</td> <td></td> <td>Q3 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Handelsbalanse 12 mnd</td> <td>3,1 mrd $</td> <td></td> <td>Q2 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Betalingsbalanse 12 mnd</td> <td>-5,9 mrd $</td> <td>-3,8 %</td> <td>Q2 2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Utviklingshjelp</td> <td>-2,25 mrd US$</td> <td></td> <td>2005, <i>UNDP Database</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Budsjettbalanse</td> <td></td> <td>-4,0 %</td> <td>2007, <i>The Economist</i> nov 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BNP per innb</td> <td>11.972 US$</td> <td></td> <td>2005, <i>UNDP Database</i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frihavn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frihavn">Frihavnen</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moldauhafen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moldauhafen">Moldauhafen</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> er Tsjekkias eneste havn ved et hav.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Samfunn">Samfunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samfunn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Samferdsel">Samferdsel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samferdsel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Elben og Moldau har skipstrafikk med stor varetransport.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-8" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:317</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Massemedia">Massemedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Massemedia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121090652/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article%3D11715">Pressefrihedsindeks:</a> Rangert som nummer 19 av 167 land.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kultur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk_litteratur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk litteratur">Tsjekkisk litteratur</a></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg/250px-Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="347" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 347px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg/250px-Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="347" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg/375px-Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Frantisek_skroup_1840.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> František Škroup </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Husittene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Husittene">Den husittiske kirken</a> la stor vekt på kirkesang og -musikk noe som medvirket til utvikling av musikklivet i landet fra middelalderen av. Hoffet i Praha under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II">Rudolf II</a> knyttet til seg ledende musikere som Gallus og Hassler. En tsjekkisk musikkskole ble etablert i Praha på 1600-tallet. Landets mest kjente komponister på 1700-tallet var <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_Xaver_Du%C5%A1ek&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="František Xaver Dušek (ikke skrevet ennå)">František Xaver Dušek</a> (1731-1799) og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Anton%C3%ADn_Ko%C5%BEeluh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Antonín Koželuh">Jan Antonín Koželuh</a>, Dušek var en venn av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mozart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>. <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Don_Giovanni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> av Mozart ble uroppført i Praha. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jan_Stefan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jan Stefan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jan Stefan</a> forsøkte på 1800-tallet å skape et nasjonalt lyrisk drama.<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_%C5%A0kroup&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="František Škroup (ikke skrevet ennå)">František Škroup</a> (1801-1862) skrev nasjonalsangen <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kde domov můj (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kde domov můj</a> sammen med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kajet%C3%A1n_Tyl&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Josef Kajetán Tyl (ikke skrevet ennå)">Josef Kajetán Tyl</a>. På slutten av 1800-tallet vokste det frem en egen nasjonal musikk i landet blant annet med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a> som grunnla tsjekkisk opera med inspirasjon fra landets folkemusikk. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> er kjent for sine slaviske danser, symfonier og kammermusikk. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a> er en særpreget komponist av en senere generasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-9" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:329</sup></p> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristendom">Kristendommen</a> ble først utbredt av de såkalte slavernes apostler brødrene Kyrill og Methodios på 800-tallet (fra Bysants og knyttet til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_ortodokse_kirke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den ortodokse kirke">Den ortodokse kirke</a>). Den greske liturgien ble snart erstattet av den latinske. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> ble brukt i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelalderen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a> i kirken, i skolen og i offentlig virke. Tsjekkisk språk ble fra rundt år 1300 tatt i bruk i kirkene blant i salmesang. Enkelte verdslige verk ble skrevet på eller oversatt til tsjekkisk i middelalderen. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitetet_i_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitetet i Praha">Universitetet i Praha</a> ble etablert i 1348 under <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl IV">Karl IV</a> som støttet rettsvitenskap og historiefaget. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_%C5%A0t%C3%ADtn%C3%BD_ze_%C5%A0t%C3%ADtn%C3%A9ho&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného</a> var den fremste prosaskribent før <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Hus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> og medvirket til den tsjekkiske reformasjonen i en tidlig fase. Hus' religiøse reform hadde vidtrekkende betydning og Hus hadde stor påvirkning på det tsjekkiske språket ved å gjøre dialekten i Praha til skriftspråk og innføring av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diakritisk_tegn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diakritisk tegn">diakritiske tegn</a>. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%B8dremenigheten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brødremenigheten">Brødremenigheten</a> sto på 1500-tallet i spissen for det tsjekkiske kulturlivet med boktrykking, skoleverk og historieskriving. Under ledelse av biskop Jan Blahoslav ble Bibelen oversatt til tsjekkisk i form av <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bible_kralick%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bible kralická">Bible kralická</a></i> (1588).<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-10" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:320</sup></p> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tretti%C3%A5rskrigen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trettiårskrigen">Trettiårskrigen</a> gikk hardt utover Böhmen. Etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_p%C3%A5_Det_hvite_berg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget på Det hvite berg">Slaget på Det hvite berg</a> (1620) ble tsjekkisk kulturliv lenge undertrykket av det katolske keiseren. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Amos_Komensky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Amos Komensky">Jan Amos Komensky</a> (kjent som Comenius) gikk i landflyktighet der han hadde fikk stor betydning som filosof og pedagog. Comenius skrev på både latin og tsjekkisk. Ved midten av 1700-tallet, da «den tsjekkiske renessansen» begynte, var tsjekkisk språk nesten forsvunnet i byene og blant adelen. Språkforskerne Josef Dobrovský og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Josef_Jungmann&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Josef Jungmann (ikke skrevet ennå)">Josef Jungmann</a> (1773-1847) var sentrale nasjonale oppvåkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-11" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:320-322</sup></p> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kutn%C3%A1_Hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kutná Hora">Kutná Hora</a> og 40 andre byer beskyttes av myndighetene som kulturarv. Landet har rundt 3000 borger og slott som staten har tatt ansvaret for. Sentrum av Praha har særlig stor konsentrasjon historiske minnesmerker. Praha er i stor grad resultat av byggearbeider igangsatt av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_IV_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl IV av Det tysk-romerske rike">Karl IV av Det tysk-romerske rike</a> som også var bøhmisk konge. Karl IV ønsket å gjøre Praha til den fineste hovedstad i Europa og for sysselsette befolkningen. Han etablerte også <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlsuniversitetet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlsuniversitetet">Karlsuniversitetet</a>. Böhmens sterke økonomi i middelalderen trakk til seg tyske kjøpmenn og Praha ble en like mye tysktalende som tsjekkisk by.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-21" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musikk">Musikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Musikk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a> fra Böhmen, samt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a> fra Mähren regnes Tsjekkias viktigste komponister. De virket i den nasjonalistiske perioden og brukte musikken til å skildre folk og natur i hjemlandet. Janáček samlet folkesanger fra Mähren og brukte disse som grunnlag for egen musikk.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-22" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:63</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Språk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5k"></span>Språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Språk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjekkisk">Tsjekkisk</a> er et <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaviske språk">vestslavisk språk</a> og nært beslektet og innbyrdes forståelig med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakisk">slovakisk</a>. I Mähren danner tsjekkisk og slovakisk et dialektkontinuum uten skarp grense. Tsjekkisk har et rikt utviklet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasus">kasussystem</a> og verb med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempus">tempus</a> (tid) og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspekt_(grammatikk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspekt (grammatikk)">aspekt</a>. Betoningen i uttale ligger alltid på første stavelse. Tsjekkisk skiller seg fra slovakisk ved progressiv omlyd der u etter bløt konsonant har blitt til i, feks tsjekkisk <i>lid</i> og slovakisk <i>lud</i>. Tsjekkisk skrives med latinske bokstaver med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diakritiske_tegn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakritiske tegn">diakritiske tegn</a> (innført av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Hus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>) for lyder det latinske alfabetet mangler tegn for. Den særegne lyden <i>ř</i> (som i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a>) er en mellomting mellom norsk <i>r</i> og <i>sj</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-23" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs_6-12" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aschehougs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:319</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mat_og_drikke">Mat og drikke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mat og drikke" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vindyrking_i_Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vindyrking i Tsjekkia">Vindyrking i Tsjekkia</a></p> </div> <p>Øl er den mest populære alkoholholdige drikken, mens vin er mest populært i Sør-Mähren.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_5-24" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-verdensland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Overvåkning_av_miljøpåvirkning_på_befolkningens_helse"><span id="Overv.C3.A5kning_av_milj.C3.B8p.C3.A5virkning_p.C3.A5_befolkningens_helse"></span>Overvåkning av miljøpåvirkning på befolkningens helse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Overvåkning av miljøpåvirkning på befolkningens helse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Som en del av overvåkning av miljøgifters påvirkning på befolkningsens helse i Tsjekkia, ble nivået av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PCB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="PCB">PCB</a>, PCDD og PCDF undersøkt i menneskelig <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fettvev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fettvev">fettvev</a> (n=61) på bakgrunn av høy eksponering i fortiden <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Alderen var <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistisk_signifikans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistisk signifikans">signifikant</a> korrelert med konsentrasjonene av giftstoffene.</p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Tabell: PCB nivå for forbindelsene PCB138, -153 og -180. </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Gruppe</th> <th>Median (ng/g fettvev)</th> <th>Intervall (ng/g fettvev)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Alle</td> <td>1753</td> <td>786-8167</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Menn</td> <td>1822</td> <td>786-3536</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kvinner</td> <td>1695</td> <td>836-8167</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alle over 50 år</td> <td>2082*</td> <td>1147-8167</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alle under 50 år</td> <td>1611</td> <td>786-3362</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>*signifikans p<0.05.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Oppføring_på_UNESCOs_lister"><span id="Oppf.C3.B8ring_p.C3.A5_UNESCOs_lister"></span>Oppføring på UNESCOs lister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oppføring på UNESCOs lister" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p><b>Verdensarvsteder</b></p> <p>Oppføringer på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO">UNESCOs</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdensarvliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdensarvliste">verdensarvliste</a> (World Heritage List), verdens kultur- og naturarvsteder.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krom%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE_slott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kroměříž slott">Kroměříž slott</a></li> <li>Gamlebyen i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Český Krumlov">Český Krumlov</a></li> <li>Gamlebyen i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a></li> <li>Gamlebyen i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telč">Telč</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hola%C5%A1ovice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holašovice">Holašovice</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treenighets%C3%B8ylen_(Olomouc)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treenighetsøylen (Olomouc)">Hellige Treenighetsøylen</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olomouc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a></li> <li>Gamlebyen i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kutn%C3%A1_Hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kutná Hora">Kutná Hora</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lednice%E2%80%93Valtice_kulturlandskap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lednice–Valtice kulturlandskap">Lednice–Valtice kulturlandskap</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litomy%C5%A1l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litomyšl">Litomyšl</a> slott</li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilegrimskirken_til_Jan_av_Nepomuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pilegrimskirken til Jan av Nepomuk">Pilegrimskirken til Jan av Nepomuk</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BD%C4%8F%C3%A1r_nad_S%C3%A1zavou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žďár nad Sázavou">Žďár nad Sázavou</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villa_Tugendhat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Tugendhat">Villa Tugendhat</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brno">Brno</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_j%C3%B8diske_bydelen_i_T%C5%99eb%C3%AD%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den jødiske bydelen i Třebíč">Det jødiske kvarter</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Procopius%27_Basilikaen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Procopius' Basilikaen">St. Procopius' Basilikaen</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%99eb%C3%AD%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Třebíč">Třebíč</a></li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europas_store_kurbadsteder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europas store kurbadsteder">Europas store kurbadsteder</a> – grenseoverskridende oppføring som omfatter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlovy_Vary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franti%C5%A1kovy_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Františkovy Lázně">Františkovy Lázně</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariánské Lázně">Mariánské Lázně</a> i Tsjekkia sammen med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spa_(Belgia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spa (Belgia)">Spa</a> i Belgia, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vichy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vichy">Vichy</a> i Frankrike, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montecatini_Terme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montecatini Terme">Montecatini Terme</a> i Italia, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bath">Bath</a> i Storbritannia, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bad_Ems?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bad Ems">Bad Ems</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baden-Baden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bad_Kissingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bad Kissingen">Bad Kissingen</a> i Tyskland og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baden_bei_Wien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baden bei Wien">Baden bei Wien</a> i Østerrike – 2021</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B8keurskog_og_gamle_b%C3%B8keskoger_i_Karpatene_og_andre_regioner_i_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bøkeurskog og gamle bøkeskoger i Karpatene og andre regioner i Europa">Urbøkeskoger</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karpatene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karpatene">Karpatene</a> og andre regioner i Europa</li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erzgebirge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erzgebirge">Erzgebirge</a>/<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kru%C5%A1noho%C5%99%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Krušnohoří (ikke skrevet ennå)">Krušnohoří</a> gruveregion</li> <li>Avl og trening av seremonielle vognhester på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kladruby_nad_Labem&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kladruby nad Labem (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kladruby nad Labem</a></li> </ul> <p><b>Mesterverker i muntlig og immateriell kulturarv</b></p> <p>Oppføringer på UNESCOs liste knyttet til aktivt vern av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immateriell_kultur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immateriell kultur">immateriell kultur</a> (Intangible Cultural Heritage). Årstallet angir når det ble listeført hos UNESCO.</p> <ul> <li>2005 – <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slov%C3%A1cko_verbunk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovácko verbunk">Slovácko verbunk</a> - dans for gutter og menn.</li> <li>2010 – <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fastelavn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a>s<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prosesjon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prosesjon">prosesjoner</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hlinecko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hlinecko (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hlinecko</a> området</li> <li>2016 – <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falkoneri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falkoneri">Falkoneri</a></li> <li>2018 – <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Blaudruck&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Blaudruck (ikke skrevet ennå)">Blaudruck</a>/Modrotisk/Kékfestés/Modrotlač, farging/trykking med indigofarge</li> <li>2020 – Håndlaget <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julepynt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julepynt">juletrepynt</a> av blåste glassperler</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18775549">.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+ol li{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+ol li{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+ol li{list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:decimal!important}</style> <div class="ve-conditional-display-block following-list-style-type-lower-alpha"> <b>Type nummerering</b> </div> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-f4ed3b5e0821fe76903699b9c02c99007ec9c957-v2-1"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-f4ed3b5e0821fe76903699b9c02c99007ec9c957-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFTsjekkias_statistikkbyrå17._mai_2024">Tsjekkias statistikkbyrå (17. mai 2024) (på cs), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/pocet-obyvatel-v-obcich-9vln2prayv"><i>Počet obyvatel v obcích – k 1. 1. 2024</i></a>, Praha: Tsjekkias statistikkbyrå, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125984191" class="extiw" title="d:Q125984191">Q125984191</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/pocet-obyvatel-v-obcich-9vln2prayv">https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/pocet-obyvatel-v-obcich-9vln2prayv</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Po%C4%8Det+obyvatel+v+obc%C3%ADch+%E2%80%93+k+1.+1.+2024&rft.aulast=Tsjekkias+statistikkbyr%C3%A5&rft.au=Tsjekkias+statistikkbyr%C3%A5&rft.date=17.+mai+2024&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Tsjekkias+statistikkbyr%C3%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fcsu%2Fczso%2Fpocet-obyvatel-v-obcich-9vln2prayv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tsjekkia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d6ea44241c9590da5685f2eb9bbdf1c81d868e5d-v2-2"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-d6ea44241c9590da5685f2eb9bbdf1c81d868e5d-v2_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html">https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</a>; besøksdato: 24. januar 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Velinger, Jan (28. februar 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/76314">«World Bank Marks Czech Republic's Graduation to 'Developed' Status»</a>. Radio Prague<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 22. januar 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Velinger%2C+Jan&rft.btitle=World+Bank+Marks+Czech+Republic%27s+Graduation+to+%27Developed%27+Status&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Radio+Prague&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Farticle%2F76314&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center">«Data Center»</a> (på engelsk). United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Data+Center&rft.aufirst=United&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fdata-center&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-verdensland-5"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-9"><sup>j</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-10"><sup>k</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-11"><sup>l</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-12"><sup>m</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-13"><sup>n</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-14"><sup>o</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-15"><sup>p</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-16"><sup>q</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-17"><sup>r</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-18"><sup>s</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-19"><sup>t</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-20"><sup>u</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-21"><sup>v</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-22"><sup>w</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-23"><sup>x</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-verdensland_5-24"><sup>y</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008070100001"><i>Øst-Europa</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal. 1987. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8205173052?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8205173052">8205173052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=%C3%98st-Europa&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8205173052&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2008070100001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-aschehougs-6"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-9"><sup>j</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-10"><sup>k</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-11"><sup>l</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aschehougs_6-12"><sup>m</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008042904039"><i>Aschehougs konversasjonsleksikon</i></a>. Oslo: Aschehoug. 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Aschehougs+konversasjonsleksikon&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2008042904039&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-holocaust-in-bohemia-and-moravia">«The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia»</a>. <i>encyclopedia.ushmm.org</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=The+Holocaust+in+Bohemia+and+Moravia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthe-holocaust-in-bohemia-and-moravia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-of-the-world">«Jewish Population of the World»</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Jewish+Population+of+the+World&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjewish-population-of-the-world&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://romove.radio.cz/en/article/18158">«The History and Origin of the Roma»</a>. Romove.radio.cz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425230018/http://romove.radio.cz/en/article/18158">Arkivert</a> fra originalen 25. april 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 25. april 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Origin+of+the+Roma&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Romove.radio.cz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fromove.radio.cz%2Fen%2Farticle%2F18158&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Green, Peter S. (5. august 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/05/world/british-immigration-aides-accused-of-bias-by-gypsys.html">«British Immigration Aides Accused of Bias by Gypsies»</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 25. april 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=British+Immigration+Aides+Accused+of+Bias+by+Gypsies&rft.aufirst=Peter+S.&rft.aulast=Green&rft.date=2001-08-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Fbritish-immigration-aides-accused-of-bias-by-gypsys.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pykel-11"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pykel_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pykel_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pykel_11-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pykel_11-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pykel_11-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pioter Pykel (2004). Prauser, Steffen; Rees, Arfon, red. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/2599/HEC04-01.pdf?sequence%3D1">«The Expulsion of the "German" Communities from Eastern Europe after The Second World War»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. European University Institute, Firenze.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=The+Expulsion+of+the+%22German%22+Communities+from+Eastern+Europe+after+The+Second+World+War&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=European+University+Institute%2C+Firenze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcadmus.eui.eu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F2599%2FHEC04-01.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Prauser-12"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Prauser_12-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Prauser_12-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Prauser_12-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Prauser_12-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Prauser_12-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Prauser, Steffen (red.) (2004). <i>The expulsion of the "German" communities of Eastern Europe at the end of the second world war (working paper 2004/1)</i>. Firenze: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_University_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.aufirst=Steffen+%28red.%29&rft.aulast=Prauser&rft.btitle=The+expulsion+of+the+%22German%22+communities+of+Eastern+Europe+at+the+end+of+the+second+world+war+%28working+paper+2004%2F1%29&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Firenze&rft.pub=European+University+Institute&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Wiskemann, Elizabeth (1. januar 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/czech-republic/1939-01-01/czechs-and-germans-after-munich">«Czechs and Germans After Munich»</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i> (på engelsk). <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Czechs+and+Germans+After+Munich&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Wiskemann&rft.date=1939-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fczech-republic%2F1939-01-01%2Fczechs-and-germans-after-munich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Seim, Jardar (26. november 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://snl.no/Tsjekkoslovakias_historie">«Tsjekkoslovakias historie»</a>. <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. desember 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Tsjekkoslovakias+historie&rft.aufirst=Jardar&rft.aulast=Seim&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FTsjekkoslovakias_historie&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1-15"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012kapittel_1_15-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDouglas2012">Douglas 2012</a>, kapittel 1.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFDouglas2012 (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Glassheim-16"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glassheim_16-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glassheim_16-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Glassheim, Eagle (2000). «National mythologies and ethnic cleansing: the expulsion of Czechoslovak Germans in 1945». <i>Central European History</i> (33(4)): 463-486.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=National+mythologies+and+ethnic+cleansing%3A+the+expulsion+of+Czechoslovak+Germans+in+1945&rft.au=Glassheim%2C+Eagle&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=33%284%29&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.pages=463-486&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Veiden-17"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Veiden_17-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Veiden_17-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Veiden_17-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Veiden, P. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ojs.novus.no/index.php/SID/article/view/1112">Når grenser forsvinner-Europa i det små</a>. <i>Sosiologi i dag</i>, 44(2):5-26.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:19-18"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:19_18-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pogány, I. (2010). International human rights law, reparatory justice and the re-ordering of memory in Central and Eastern Europe. <i>Human Rights Law Review,</i> 10(3), 397-428.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ryback-19"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ryback_19-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ryback, Timothy W. (1996–1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307/1148981">«Dateline Sudetenland: Hostages to history»</a>. <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foreign_Policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> (vinter 1996/1997, nr 105): 162–179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Dateline+Sudetenland%3A+Hostages+to+history&rft.au=Ryback%2C+Timothy+W.&rft.date=1996%2F1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=vinter+1996%2F1997%2C+nr+105&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=162-179&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F1148981&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-20"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brown_20-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Brown, M. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177/106591295801100312">The Diplomacy of Bitterness: Genesis of the Potsdam Decision to Expel Germans from Czechoslovakia</a>. <i>Western Political Quarterly</i>, 11(3), 607-626.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Museum, Stiftung Deutsches Historisches. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/reinhard-heydrich">«Gerade auf LeMO gesehen: LeMO Bestand: Biografie»</a>. <i>www.dhm.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 19. mai 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Gerade+auf+LeMO+gesehen%3A+LeMO+Bestand%3A+Biografie&rft.aufirst=Stiftung+Deutsches+Historisches&rft.aulast=Museum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dhm.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhm.de%2Flemo%2Fbiografie%2Freinhard-heydrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013553/http://www.verfassungen.de/de/de33-45/boehmen39.htm">«(1935)»</a>. <i>www.verfassungen.de</i>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.verfassungen.de/de/de33-45/boehmen39.htm">originalen</a> 5. mars 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 19. mai 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=%281935%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.verfassungen.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungen.de%2Fde%2Fde33-45%2Fboehmen39.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Spiegel-23"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Spiegel_23-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/revenge-on-ethnic-germans-czech-town-divided-over-how-to-commemorate-1945-massacre-a-646757.html">«Revenge on Ethnic Germans: Czech Town Divided over How to Commemorate 1945 Massacre»</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 4. september 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. juni 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Revenge+on+Ethnic+Germans%3A+Czech+Town+Divided+over+How+to+Commemorate+1945+Massacre&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2Frevenge-on-ethnic-germans-czech-town-divided-over-how-to-commemorate-1945-massacre-a-646757.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Waters-24"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Waters_24-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Waters_24-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Waters_24-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Waters_24-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Waters_24-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Waters, Timothy W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/324/">«Remembering Sudetenland: On the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing»</a>. <i>Virginia Journal of International Law</i> (47(1)): 63–146. «In 1997, the EU entered accession negotiations with the Czech Republic. The Sudeten question, although peripheral to the process, proved a persistent and troubling issue, especially in relations with Germany and Austria. … in the late 1990s, the level of diplomatic dispute between Austria and the Czech Republic over the expulsions was even more heated-and after its own admission to the EU, Austria had the right to veto accession. However, although Austrian officials and politicians frequently expressed dissatisfaction with the Czech Republic's position, 129 Austria never declared that failure to repudiate the Decrees or to otherwise undertake restitution constituted a violation of any international or EU norm or a reason to oppose accession. Austria approved Czech accession without requiring any restitution for Sudeten claims.»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Remembering+Sudetenland%3A+On+the+Legal+Construction+of+Ethnic+Cleansing&rft.au=Waters%2C+Timothy+W.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=47%281%29&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.pages=63-146&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.law.indiana.edu%2Ffacpub%2F324%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Macklem-25"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Macklem_25-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Macklem_25-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Macklem_25-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Macklem_25-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Macklem, Patrick (2005). «Rybná 9, Praha 1: Restitution and Memory in International Human Rights Law.». <i>European Journal of International Law</i> (16 (1)): 1–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Rybn%C3%A1+9%2C+Praha+1%3A+Restitution+and+Memory+in+International+Human+Rights+Law.&rft.au=Macklem%2C+Patrick&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=16+%281%29&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.pages=1-23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant-26"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bryant_26-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bryant_26-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, C. (2002). Either German or Czech: Fixing Nationality in Bohemia and Moravia, 1939-1946. <i>Slavic Review,</i> 61(4), 683-706.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wingfield-27"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wingfield_27-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wingfield_27-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wingfield_27-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Wingfield, N. M. (2000). The Politics of Memory: Constructing National Identity in the Czech Lands, 1945 to 1948. <i>East European Politics and Societies,</i> 14(2), 246-267.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://zavodsky.webz.cz/dobias/heydrich_de.htm">«Richard Heydrichs tiltredelsestale»</a>. 2. oktober 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231073103/http://zavodsky.webz.cz/dobias/heydrich_de.htm">Arkivert</a> fra originalen 31. desember 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Richard+Heydrichs+tiltredelsestale&rft.date=1941-10-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzavodsky.webz.cz%2Fdobias%2Fheydrich_de.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Museum, Stiftung Deutsches Historisches. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/reinhard-heydrich">«Gerade auf LeMO gesehen: LeMO Bestand: Biografie»</a>. <i>www.dhm.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 19. mai 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Gerade+auf+LeMO+gesehen%3A+LeMO+Bestand%3A+Biografie&rft.aufirst=Stiftung+Deutsches+Historisches&rft.aulast=Museum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dhm.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhm.de%2Flemo%2Fbiografie%2Freinhard-heydrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Herman-30"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Herman_30-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Herman, Samuel (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1190167">«War Damage and Nationalization in Eastern Europe»</a>. <i>Law and Contemporary Problems</i> (16(3)): 498–518.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=War+Damage+and+Nationalization+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.au=Herman%2C+Samuel&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=16%283%29&rft.jtitle=Law+and+Contemporary+Problems&rft.pages=498-518&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1190167&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Naimark-31"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Naimark_31-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Naimark, N. M. (2002). <i>Fires of hatred: Ethnic cleansing in twentieth-century Europe</i>. Harvard University Press/University of Washington, 2000.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Frowein, Jochen A., Ulf Bernitz og Lord Kingsland (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2002/323934/DG-4-AFET_ET(2002)323934_EN.pdf">«Legal Opinion on the Benec-Decrees and the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union (working paper 10-2002)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. EU-parlamentet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Legal+Opinion+on+the+Benec-Decrees+and+the+accession+of+the+Czech+Republic+to+the+European+Union+%28working+paper+10-2002%29&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=EU-parlamentet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2FRegData%2Fetudes%2Fetudes%2Fjoin%2F2002%2F323934%2FDG-4-AFET_ET%282002%29323934_EN.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cordell-33"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cordell_33-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cordell_33-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cordell, Karl og Stefan Wolff (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990500088610">«Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic: a comparative evaluation»</a>. <i>Nationalities Papers. Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity</i> (33(2)): 255–276.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Germans+in+Poland+and+the+Czech+Republic%3A+a+comparative+evaluation&rft.au=Cordell%2C+Karl+og+Stefan+Wolff&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=33%282%29&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers.+Journal+of+Nationalism+and+Ethnicity&rft.pages=255-276&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F00905990500088610&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-34"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hughes_34-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, R. G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24671828">The Ghosts of Appeasement: Britain and the Legacy of the Munich Agreement</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>, 48(4), 688-716.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Simons-35"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Simons_35-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Simons, Gerald (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008060400174"><i>Seier i Europa</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8205132488?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8205132488">8205132488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Simons%2C+Gerald&rft.btitle=Seier+i+Europa&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8205132488&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2008060400174&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, N. (2013). <i>World War II Soviet Armed Forces (3): 1944–45.</i> Bloomsbury Publishing.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Glassheim2006-37"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glassheim2006_37-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Glassheim, E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1086/499795">Ethnic Cleansing, Communism, and Environmental Devastation in Czechoslovakia's Borderlands, 1945–1989</a>. <i>The Journal of Modern History,</i> 78(1), 65-92.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Spalova-38"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Spalova_38-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Spalová, B. (2017). Remembering the German Past in the Czech Lands: A Key Moment Between Communicative and Cultural Memory. <i>History and Anthropology</i>, 28(1), 84-109.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-WZ2015-39"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WZ2015_39-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Perzi, Niklas (5. juni 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033153/http://www.wienerzeitung.at/themen_channel/wissen/geschichte/755490_Gnadenlose-Aussiedelung.html">«Gnadenlose Aussiedelung - Wiener Zeitung Online»</a>. <i>Wiener Zeitung Online</i> (på tysk). Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wienerzeitung.at/themen_channel/wissen/geschichte/755490_Gnadenlose-Aussiedelung.html">originalen</a> 28. november 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. juni 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Gnadenlose+Aussiedelung+-+Wiener+Zeitung+Online&rft.aufirst=Niklas&rft.aulast=Perzi&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiener+Zeitung+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wienerzeitung.at%2Fthemen_channel%2Fwissen%2Fgeschichte%2F755490_Gnadenlose-Aussiedelung.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tv2.no/nyheter/utenriks/eksperter-putin-tvinger-europa-til-dette/16859220/">«Eksperter: Putin tvinger Europa til dette»</a>. <i>TV.no</i>. 27.07.2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Eksperter%3A+Putin+tvinger+Europa+til+dette&rft.date=2024-07-27&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TV.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv2.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Feksperter-putin-tvinger-europa-til-dette%2F16859220%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-KohletAl-41"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-KohletAl_41-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmut_Kohl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaus_Kinkel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaus Kinkel">Klaus Kinkel</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Josef_Zieleniec&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Josef Zieleniec (ikke skrevet ennå)">Josef Zieleniec</a> (21. januar 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mzv.cz/file/198499/CzechGermanDeclaration.pdf">«German-Czech Declaration on Mutual Relations and their Future Development of 21 January 1997»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PDF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> (på engelsk). Tsjekkias utenriksdepartement<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 28. desember 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=German-Czech+Declaration+on+Mutual+Relations+and+their+Future+Development+of+21+January+1997&rft.date=1997-01-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Tsjekkias+utenriksdepartement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mzv.cz%2Ffile%2F198499%2FCzechGermanDeclaration.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <i>Kapittel II i felleserklæringen</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mzv.cz/file/198499/CzechGermanDeclaration.pdf">«Czech–German Declaration 1997.»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Czech%E2%80%93German+Declaration+1997.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mzv.cz%2Ffile%2F198499%2FCzechGermanDeclaration.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Frank Spengler og Petr Blazek (20. mai 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129085150/http://www.kas.de/tschechien/de/publications/701/">«Zur Debatte über die Benes-Dekrete»</a> (på tysk). Konrad Adenauer-Stiftung. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kas.de/tschechien/de/publications/701/">originalen</a> 29. november 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. november 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Frank+Spengler+og+Petr+Blazek&rft.btitle=Zur+Debatte+%C3%BCber+die+Benes-Dekrete&rft.date=2002-05-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Konrad+Adenauer-Stiftung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kas.de%2Ftschechien%2Fde%2Fpublications%2F701%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eu-info.de-44"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eu-info.de_44-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eu-info.de/europa-punkt/ungewoehnliche-fragen/benes-dekrete/">«Benes-Dekrete sind Vergangenheit»</a> (på tysk). EU-Info.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. november 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Benes-Dekrete+sind+Vergangenheit&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=EU-Info.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eu-info.de%2Feuropa-punkt%2Fungewoehnliche-fragen%2Fbenes-dekrete%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frowein-45"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frowein_45-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frowein_45-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Frowein, Jochen A., Ulf Bernitz og Lord Kingsland (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2002/323934/DG-4-AFET_ET(2002)323934_EN.pdf">«Legal Opinion on the Benec-Decrees and the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union (working paper 10-2002)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. EU-parlamentet. s. 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Legal+Opinion+on+the+Benec-Decrees+and+the+accession+of+the+Czech+Republic+to+the+European+Union+%28working+paper+10-2002%29&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=EU-parlamentet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2FRegData%2Fetudes%2Fetudes%2Fjoin%2F2002%2F323934%2FDG-4-AFET_ET%282002%29323934_EN.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Horcicka-46"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Horcicka_46-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Horcicka_46-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Horčička, V. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2012.697870">Czechoslovak–Liechtenstein relations in the shadow of the Communist coup in Czechoslovakia, February 1948</a>. <i>European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire,</i> 19(4), 601-620.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digistorting_2003_part2_vol-a"><i>St.prp. 3 Om samtykke til ratifikasjon av EØS-utvidelsesavtalen og tilliggende avtaler (gjengitt i Stortingsforhandlinger. 2003/2004 Vol. 148 Nr. 2a)</i></a>. Oslo: [Forvaltningstjenestene]. s. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=St.prp.+3+Om+samtykke+til+ratifikasjon+av+E%C3%98S-utvidelsesavtalen+og+tilliggende+avtaler+%28gjengitt+i+Stortingsforhandlinger.+2003%2F2004+Vol.+148+Nr.+2a%29&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=48&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=%5BForvaltningstjenestene%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digistorting_2003_part2_vol-a&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digistorting_2003_part2_vol-a"><i>St.prp. 3 Om samtykke til ratifikasjon av EØS-utvidelsesavtalen og tilliggende avtaler (gjengitt i Stortingsforhandlinger. 2003/2004 Vol. 148 Nr. 2a)</i></a>. Oslo: [Forvaltningstjenestene]. s. 84-85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=St.prp.+3+Om+samtykke+til+ratifikasjon+av+E%C3%98S-utvidelsesavtalen+og+tilliggende+avtaler+%28gjengitt+i+Stortingsforhandlinger.+2003%2F2004+Vol.+148+Nr.+2a%29&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=84-85&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=%5BForvaltningstjenestene%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digistorting_2003_part2_vol-a&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Frank Spengler og Petr Blazek (21. desember 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006183939/http://www.foreign.gov.sk/servlet/content?MT%3D%252FApp%252FWCM%252Fmain.nsf%252Fvw_ByID%252FID_C0B1D004B5A332B2C1257627003301E7_EN%26LANG%3DEN%26TG%3DBlankMaster%26URL%3D%252FApp%252FWCM%252FAktualit.nsf%252F%2528vw_ByID%2529%252FID_BF0B03202F307E79C1257693005B22FD">«Slovakia and Liechtenstein have established diplomatic relations»</a> (på engelsk). Slovakias utenriksdepartement. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foreign.gov.sk/servlet/content?MT%3D/App/WCM/main.nsf/vw_ByID/ID_C0B1D004B5A332B2C1257627003301E7_EN%26LANG%3DEN%26TG%3DBlankMaster%26URL%3D/App/WCM/Aktualit.nsf/%2528vw_ByID%2529/ID_BF0B03202F307E79C1257693005B22FD">originalen</a> 6. oktober 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. november 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Frank+Spengler+og+Petr+Blazek&rft.btitle=Slovakia+and+Liechtenstein+have+established+diplomatic+relations&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Slovakias+utenriksdepartement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreign.gov.sk%2Fservlet%2Fcontent%3FMT%3D%2FApp%2FWCM%2Fmain.nsf%2Fvw_ByID%2FID_C0B1D004B5A332B2C1257627003301E7_EN%26LANG%3DEN%26TG%3DBlankMaster%26URL%3D%2FApp%2FWCM%2FAktualit.nsf%2F%2528vw_ByID%2529%2FID_BF0B03202F307E79C1257693005B22FD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-VG20031105-50"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VG20031105_50-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/eu/liechtenstein-signerer-eoes-avtalen/a/200321/">«Liechtenstein signerer EØS-avtalen»</a> (på norsk). VG. 5. november 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. desember 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=Liechtenstein+signerer+E%C3%98S-avtalen&rft.date=2003-11-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=VG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Feu%2Fliechtenstein-signerer-eoes-avtalen%2Fa%2F200321%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:27-51"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:27_51-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">«EØS-avtalen mot avklaring». <i>Stavanger Aftenblad</i>. 3. november 2003. s. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=E%C3%98S-avtalen+mot+avklaring&rft.date=2003-11-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stavanger+Aftenblad&rft.pages=8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">«EØS 2/3». <i>Nordlys</i>. 31. oktober 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=E%C3%98S+2%2F3&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nordlys&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">«Norge øker presset på Liechtenstein». <i>NTB</i>. 2. november 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=Norge+%C3%B8ker+presset+p%C3%A5+Liechtenstein&rft.date=2003-11-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.minervanett.no/tsjekkia-ved-et-veikryss/138313">«(+) Tsjekkia ved et veikryss»</a>. <i>www.minervanett.no</i>. 11. januar 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.atitle=%28%2B%29+Tsjekkia+ved+et+veikryss&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.minervanett.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minervanett.no%2Ftsjekkia-ved-et-veikryss%2F138313&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20556287/1300721501.pdf"><i>Český statistický úřad</i> - Befolkningsstatistikk for Tsjekkia</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606202846/https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20548153/130055140101.pdf/ec104fff-5b76-4f81-a3e4-ad32a4dfc330">«<i>Český statistický úřad</i>»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20548153/130055140101.pdf/ec104fff-5b76-4f81-a3e4-ad32a4dfc330">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 6. juni 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. februar 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.btitle=%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD+statistick%C3%BD+%C3%BA%C5%99ad&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fdocuments%2F10180%2F20548153%2F130055140101.pdf%2Fec104fff-5b76-4f81-a3e4-ad32a4dfc330&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjekkia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robertson, L. W., Hansen, L. G. (2001). <i>PCBs Recent advances in Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects</i>. University press fo Kentucky. s. 73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Robertson%2C+L.+W.%2C+Hansen%2C+L.+G.&rft.btitle=PCBs+Recent+advances+in+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Health+Effects&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=University+press+fo+Kentucky&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFDouglas2012" class="citation book">Douglas, R.M. (2012). <i>Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War.</i> (på engelsk). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0300198201?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0300198201">978-0300198201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATsjekkia&rft.au=Douglas%2C+R.M.&rft.btitle=Orderly+and+Humane%3A+The+Expulsion+of+the+Germans+after+the+Second+World+War.&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0300198201&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.czechia.eu/">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213?uselang%3Dnb%23P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Rediger på Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213?uselang%3Dnb%23P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Rediger på Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cesko" class="extiw" title="commons:Česko">Česko</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213?uselang%3Dnb%23P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Rediger på Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://globalis.no/Land/Tsjekkia">Statistikk og andre data om Tsjekkia</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FN-sambandet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FN-sambandet">FN-sambandets</a> nettsted Globalis.no</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220212349/http://www.tsjechie.net/photopost/">Pictures from Czech</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001537/http://czech.europe-countries.com/">Czech Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europe-atlas.com/czech-republic-map.htm">Czech Republic Map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221202041/http://www.europe-atlas.com/czech-republic-map.htm">Arkivert</a> 21. desember 2004 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tur-til-praha.cz/tsjekkia-kart">interaktivt Tsjekkia kart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tur-til-praha.cz/wiki/ordbok/norsk-tsjekkisk">norsk-tsjekkisk ordbok</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3Da3ezBXebEtc">Unesco - Tsjekkias historie</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐thmnn Cached time: 20241123100315 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.657 seconds Real time usage: 3.041 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 22023/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 242870/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 30857/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 42/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 148485/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.923/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 25043580/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 720 ms 37.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 420 ms 21.6% ? 160 ms 8.2% type 140 ms 7.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments 100 ms 5.2% (for generator) 80 ms 4.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 60 ms 3.1% validateData <mw.lua:728> 40 ms 2.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate 40 ms 2.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames 40 ms 2.1% [others] 140 ms 7.2% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 25/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2753.131 1 -total 50.43% 1388.293 1 Mal:Infoboks_land 50.28% 1384.282 1 Mal:Infoboks_geografi_grunnmal 34.43% 947.985 114 Mal:Infoboks_rad 31.89% 877.853 31 Mal:Wikidata-norsk 17.97% 494.657 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata 13.94% 383.848 11 Mal:Navboks 13.73% 377.870 11 Mal:Navbox 5.53% 152.282 20 Mal:Kilde_www 3.86% 106.378 1 Mal:Offisielle_lenker --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nowiki:pcache:idhash:493909-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123100315 and revision id 24803374. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.040 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTsjekkia%26oldid%3D24803374">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&oldid=24803374</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsjekkia&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Herbjørn Skretting" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731875796"> <span>Sist redigert 17. nov. 2024 kl. 21:36</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Språk</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkia" title="Kekkia – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A9kkland" title="Tékkland – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A8kia" title="Cèkia – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cèkia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D" title="Чехиэ – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чехиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Чехие – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чехие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggi%25C3%25AB" title="Tsjeggië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%25B8%25E1%258A%25AA%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ቸኪያ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቸኪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%25A1ekki" title="Tšekki – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Aecland" title="Ċecland – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ċecland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Чехиа – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чехиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="جمهورية التشيك – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية التشيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Checa" title="Republica Checa – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Checa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25AC%25DC%25AB%25DC%259D%25DC%259F" title="ܬܫܝܟ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2589%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Չեխիա – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%25C3%25A8quia" title="Tchèquia – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchèquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="চেক গণৰাজ্য – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেক গণৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25A9kia" title="Chékia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chékia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexya_Ripublika" title="Chexya Ripublika – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chexya Ripublika" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587exiya" title="Çexiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="چک جومهوریتی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9publik_C%25C3%25A9ko" title="Républik Céko – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko" title="Chesko – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%258D%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Чэхія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%258D%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Чэхія – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jek_Ripablik" title="Jek Ripablik – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechei" title="Tschechei – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2585%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཅེ་ཁེ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅེ་ཁེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ce%25C5%25A1ka" title="Češka – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D1%258D_%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tx%25C3%25A8quia" title="Txèquia – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txèquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Чех Республики – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod_nga_Czech" title="Nasod nga Czech – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod nga Czech" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cesko" title="Česko – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheki" title="Cheki – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cheki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecch%25C3%25ACa" title="Cecchìa – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cecchìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiecia" title="Tsiecia – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiecia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="التشيك – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="التشيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cehkkia" title="Čehkkia – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čehkkia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecherei" title="Tschecherei – pennsylvaniatysk" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tschecherei" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsylvaniatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2597%25DE%25AC%25DE%2586%25DE%25B0_%25DE%2596%25DE%25AA%25DE%2589%25DE%25B0%25DE%2580%25DE%25AB%25DE%2583%25DE%25A8%25DE%2587%25DE%25B0%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7" title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%25C5%2582ts%25CA%25BC%25C3%25B3%25C3%25B3z%25C3%25AD_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ceska" title="Česka – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2585%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%2580%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2594%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2580%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%25A1ehhi" title="Tšehhi – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CF%2583%25CE%25B5%25CF%2587%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Τσεχία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Чехия Мастор – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2588e%25C4%25A5io" title="Ĉeĥio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAbrica_Checa" title="Repúbrica Checa – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Repúbrica Checa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9" title="جمهوری چک – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%25C3%25A9quie" title="Tchéquie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechje" title="Tsjechje – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechie" title="Cechie – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cechie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeic" title="An tSeic – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%25C3%2587heck" title="Yn Çheck – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ehiya" title="Çehiya – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Seic" title="An t-Seic – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Seic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9_%25D9%259A_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A4%25D9%2585%25DB%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A" title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%259D%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%2595_%25E0%25AA%2597%25E0%25AA%25A3%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%259C%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25AF" title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2584%25F0%2590%258D%2583%25F0%2590%258C%25BE%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259D%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595" title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक – goansk konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="goansk konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%25CC%258Dp-khiet" title="Chhia̍p-khiet – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD" title="Чехмудин Орн – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Чехмудин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25B2%25B4%25EC%25BD%2594" title="체코 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazech" title="Kazech – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiekia" title="Tiekia – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2589%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Չեխիա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="चेक गणराज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेक गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258C%25C4%259Bska" title="Čěska – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ce%25C5%25A1ka" title="Češka – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_a_Tseka" title="Republika a Tseka – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika a Tseka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Chec" title="Republica Chec – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siakia" title="Siakia – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siakia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8" title="Чехи – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITsheki" title="ITsheki – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Ceca" title="Repubblica Ceca – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%2527%25D7%259B%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="צ'כיה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9publik_C%25C3%25A9ko" title="Républik Céko – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C9%259B%25C9%259Bk%25C9%25A9" title="Cɛɛkɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cɛɛkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF" title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseku" title="Republikang Tseku – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republikang Tseku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – karatsjajbalkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjajbalkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="ჩეხეთი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesk%25C3%25B4_Rep%25C3%25B9blika" title="Czeskô Repùblika – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czeskô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Chek" title="Pow Chek – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Chek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucheki" title="Ucheki – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ucheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9publique_tch%25C3%25A8que" title="République tchèque – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="République tchèque" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceska" title="Ceska – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik_Tch%25C3%25A8k" title="Repiblik Tchèk – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik Tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9piblik_tch%25C3%25A8k" title="Répiblik tchèk – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Répiblik tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ekya" title="Çekya – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ceca" title="Republica Ceca – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Cheka" title="Repuvlika Cheka – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Cheka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%258A%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B5" title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cekeja" title="Čekeja – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Čekeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cehija" title="Čehija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch_Republik" title="Tschechesch Republik – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cekija" title="Čekija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Ceca" title="Repubbrica Ceca – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%25C3%25AB" title="Tsjechië – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekia" title="Shekia – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shekia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesco" title="Txesco – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ceehii" title="Čeehii – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čeehii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcesk.zei_gubyseltru" title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Csehország – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Чешка – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekia" title="Tsekia – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsekia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Aekja" title="Ċekja – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċekja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C4%25ABekia" title="Tīekia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tīekia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595" title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="ჩეხეთი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="تشيكيا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9_(%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1)" title="چک (کشور) – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چک (کشور)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Czech" title="Republik Czech – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2593%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259B_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A9%25EA%25AF%2584%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259B" title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%25C4%2595k-k%25C3%25A1ik" title="Ciĕk-káik – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Чехмастор – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585" title="Чех – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%25C3%25AB" title="Tsjechië – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechie" title="Tsjechie – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2581%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2582%25B3" title="チェコ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca_Ceca" title="Repubbreca Ceca – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca Ceca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8" title="Чехи – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekya" title="Chekya – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chekya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%25C3%25A9quie" title="Tchéquie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ch%25C3%25A8ca" title="Republica Chèca – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Chèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Чехий – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чехий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%259A%25E0%25AD%2587%25E0%25AC%2595%25E0%25AD%258D_%25E0%25AC%2597%25E0%25AC%25A3%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%259C%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AD%259F" title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekiyaa" title="Cheekiyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Cheekiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25A3%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%259C" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – palatintysk" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="palatintysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC" title="چیک لوکراج – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک لوکراج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="چک جمهوریت – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چک جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek_Ripoblik" title="Chek Ripoblik – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chek Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE" title="Ческо – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ческо" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2586%25E1%259F%2582%25E1%259E%2580" title="ឆែក – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%25C3%25A8kie" title="Tchèkie – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tchèkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek_Ripablik" title="Sek Ripablik – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechy" title="Czechy – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czechy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CF%2583%25CE%25B5%25CF%2587%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Τσεχία – pontisk" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25A9quia" title="Chéquia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chéquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ehiya" title="Çehiya – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieti" title="Tieti – tahitisk" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tieti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechia" title="Tschechia – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tschechia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiksuyu" title="Chiksuyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiksuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE" title="Чесько – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чесько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%258D" title="Чиэхийэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чиэхийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapelika_o_Sieki" title="Ripapelika o Sieki – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ripapelika o Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D" title="जेक् रिपब्लिक् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेक् रिपब्लिक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AA%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A0_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A1%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%259B%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259B%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259A" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – sør-sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sør-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_%25C3%2587eke" title="Republika Çeke – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%25C3%25B9bblica_Ceca" title="Ripùbblica Ceca – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25A0%25E0%25B7%2599%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="චෙක් ජනරජය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෙක් ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25D9%258A%25DA%25AA_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="چيڪ جمهوريا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيڪ جمهوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhi" title="Shekhi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Shekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cesko" title="Česko – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ce%25C5%25A1ka" title="Češka – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%2594%25D1%2588%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE" title="Чєшьско – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьско" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_Republika" title="Czesko Republika – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuuriyadda_Jek" title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="کۆماری چیک – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری چیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekikondre" title="Tsjekikondre – sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Tsjekikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Чешка – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Ce%25C5%25A1ka" title="Češka – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A9ko" title="Céko – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%25A1ekki" title="Tšekki – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581" title="செக் குடியரசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagdudant_n_Tcik" title="Tagdudant n Tcik – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tagdudant n Tcik" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cik" title="Čik – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Čik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Ceche" title="Repubbleche Ceche – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Ceche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25B6%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2582%2585%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2588" title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25A3%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582" title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblika_Xeka" title="Repúblika Xeka – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Repúblika Xeka" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepupelika_Seki" title="Lepupelika Seki – tongansk" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepupelika Seki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%25A4%25E1%258E%25A9_%25E1%258F%258D%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258F%259A%25E1%258E%25A9" title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ekya" title="Çekya – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ehi%25C3%25BDa" title="Çehiýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çehiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%25CC%25B1pobi%25CC%25B1lik_Cek" title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Чехия – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Чехія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25DB%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="چیک جمہوریہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25DB%2590%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AC%25DB%2587%25D9%2585%25DA%25BE%25DB%2587%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA%25D9%2589" title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciethaek" title="Ciethaek – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ciethaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25B9blega_Ceca" title="Repùblega Ceca – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cehanma" title="Čehanma – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9c" title="Séc – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg%25C3%25A4n" title="Tsyegän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyegän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_Vabariik" title="Tsehhi Vabariik – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeye" title="Tchekeye – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchekeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B" title="捷克 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%25C3%25AB" title="Tsjechië – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czekya" title="Czekya – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Czekya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9ewum_Cek" title="Réewum Cek – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Cek" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B" title="捷克 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%259B%25D7%2599%25D7%2599" title="טשעכיי – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581k%25C3%25AC_Ol%25C3%25B3m%25C3%25ACnira" title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B" title="捷克 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ekya" title="Çekya – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhi%25C3%25AB" title="Tsjehhië – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cek%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Čekėjė – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čekėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B" title="捷克 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesika" title="Chesika – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chesika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A8ki" title="Cèki – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexij%25C9%2599" title="Cexijə – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Denne siden ble sist redigert 17. nov. 2024 kl. 21:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> hvis ikke annet er angitt.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Om?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Bruksvilkår</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTsjekkia%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div><!-- v:8.3.1 --> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-nqrtd","wgBackendResponseTime":243,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.657","walltime":"3.041","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22023,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":242870,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30857,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":42,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":148485,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":25,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2753.131 1 -total"," 50.43% 1388.293 1 Mal:Infoboks_land"," 50.28% 1384.282 1 Mal:Infoboks_geografi_grunnmal"," 34.43% 947.985 114 Mal:Infoboks_rad"," 31.89% 877.853 31 Mal:Wikidata-norsk"," 17.97% 494.657 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 13.94% 383.848 11 Mal:Navboks"," 13.73% 377.870 11 Mal:Navbox"," 5.53% 152.282 20 Mal:Kilde_www"," 3.86% 106.378 1 Mal:Offisielle_lenker"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.923","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25043580,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"1 1 Tsjekkias statistikkbyrå\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFGreen2001\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Audio-nohelp\"] = 1,\n [\"Autoritetsdata\"] = 1,\n [\"Byline\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"EU-bunn\"] = 1,\n [\"Europa\"] = 1,\n [\"Europarådet\"] = 1,\n [\"EØS-området\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:100000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:10056\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:10538275\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:11015\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:116639\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:1172853\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:118000\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:121318\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:1217676\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:1259079\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:130000\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:1315299\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:131789\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:133767\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:134376\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:137911\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:150970\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:1603\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:188041\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:211467\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:216639\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:22000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:222638\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:222885\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:229146\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:230880\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:234530\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:244549\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:251106\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:2538\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:253912\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:254684\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:271161\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:2767717\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:280210\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:285855\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:288888\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:299293\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:300000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:3163\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:3314\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:3963\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:4000\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:438851\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:4400\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:440000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:4519\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:4759\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:5000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:500000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:509895\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:516372\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:5267\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:5335\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:5427\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:547096\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:551590\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:578123\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:585261\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:635711\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:637300\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:637704\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:65789\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:6796\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:700000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:7195\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:7561\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:77000\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:78154\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:823945\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:94451\"] = 1,\n [\"Fotnoter\"] = 1,\n [\"Globalis\"] = 1,\n [\"Infoboks land\"] = 1,\n [\"Kilde artikkel\"] = 7,\n [\"Kilde avis\"] = 6,\n [\"Kilde bok\"] = 8,\n [\"Kilde oppslagsverk\"] = 1,\n [\"Kilde www\"] = 18,\n [\"Koord\"] = 1,\n [\"La Francophonie\"] = 1,\n [\"NATO\"] = 1,\n [\"OECD\"] = 1,\n [\"Offisielle lenker\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 24,\n [\"Schengen-landene\"] = 1,\n [\"Se også\"] = 1,\n [\"Seksjonstubb\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Tr\"] = 3,\n [\"Utdypende\"] = 8,\n [\"Utdypende artikkel\"] = 2,\n [\"WTO\"] = 1,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","720","37.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","420","21.6"],["?","160","8.2"],["type","140","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","5.2"],["(for generator)","80","4.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","60","3.1"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","40","2.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","40","2.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames","40","2.1"],["[others]","140","7.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-thmnn","timestamp":"20241123100315","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tsjekkia","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsjekkia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-12T10:54:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T20:36:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cb\/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg","headline":"land i Sentral-Europa"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('no', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>