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第二次世界大战 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-时间线" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#时间线"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>时间线</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-时间线-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-背景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关背景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-亞洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亞洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>亞洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亞洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰前事件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰前事件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>戰前事件</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戰前事件-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戰前事件子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戰前事件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本全面侵华(1937年始)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本全面侵华(1937年始)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>日本全面侵华(1937年始)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本全面侵华(1937年始)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歐洲局勢及協定" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲局勢及協定"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>歐洲局勢及協定</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲局勢及協定-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰爭过程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰爭过程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>戰爭过程</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戰爭过程-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戰爭过程子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戰爭过程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-欧战爆发_(1939年–1940年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧战爆发_(1939年–1940年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>欧战爆发 (1939年–1940年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧战爆发_(1939年–1940年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-西欧_(1940年–1941年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西欧_(1940年–1941年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>西欧 (1940年–1941年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西欧_(1940年–1941年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地中海_(1940年–1941年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地中海_(1940年–1941年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>地中海 (1940年–1941年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地中海_(1940年–1941年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>亚洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-全球衝突(1941年-1942年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全球衝突(1941年-1942年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>全球衝突(1941年-1942年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-全球衝突(1941年-1942年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太平洋战争爆发" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太平洋战争爆发"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>太平洋战争爆发</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太平洋战争爆发-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軸心國停止攻势_(1942年–1943年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軸心國停止攻势_(1942年–1943年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>軸心國停止攻势 (1942年–1943年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軸心國停止攻势_(1942年–1943年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-太平洋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太平洋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>太平洋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太平洋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-东线" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东线"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>东线</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东线-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西欧/地中海" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西欧/地中海"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>西欧/地中海</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西欧/地中海-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盟軍反擊_(1943年–1944年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盟軍反擊_(1943年–1944年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>盟軍反擊 (1943年–1944年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-盟軍反擊_(1943年–1944年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盟軍逼近_(1944年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盟軍逼近_(1944年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>盟軍逼近 (1944年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-盟軍逼近_(1944年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-战後" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#战後"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>战後</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-战後-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>影響</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-影響-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关影響子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人員傷亡与战争罪行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人員傷亡与战争罪行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>人員傷亡与战争罪行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人員傷亡与战争罪行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-集中营、奴役和屠杀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#集中营、奴役和屠杀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>集中营、奴役和屠杀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-集中营、奴役和屠杀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍事佔領" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍事佔領"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>軍事佔領</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍事佔領-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大後方與經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大後方與經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>大後方與經濟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大後方與經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科技與戰爭的發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科技與戰爭的發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>科技與戰爭的發展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科技與戰爭的發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">第二次世界大战</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。234种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8C%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="2ኛው ዓለማዊ ጦርነት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="2ኛው ዓለማዊ ጦርነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8C%C3%B0ru_Woruldg%C5%AB%C3%BE" title="Ōðru Woruldgūþ – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ōðru Woruldgūþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب العالمية الثانية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب العالمية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="لحرب لعالمية الجاوجة – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحرب لعالمية الجاوجة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الحرب العالميه التانيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحرب العالميه التانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="КӀиабилеб дунялалъулаб рагъ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="КӀиабилеб дунялалъулаб рагъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_D%C3%BCnya_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="İkinci Dünya müharibəsi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkinci Dünya müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuda_Jagat_II" title="Yuda Jagat II – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yuda Jagat II" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwoata_W%C3%B6dkriag" title="Zwoata Wödkriag – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zwoata Wödkriag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontra_svieta_vaina" title="Ontra svieta vaina – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ontra svieta vaina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduwang_Gerang_Pankinaban" title="Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусветная вайна – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Другая сусветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусьветная вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Другая сусьветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора световна война – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Втора световна война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Wo_Tu" title="Wol Wo Tu – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wol Wo Tu" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB" title="ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་ – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_Brezel-bed" title="Eil Brezel-bed – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil Brezel-bed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Dunia_pa_2" title="Porang Dunia pa 2 – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Porang Dunia pa 2" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2%CC%A4-n%C3%AA-ch%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3_Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i_D%C3%A2i-ci%C3%A9ng" title="Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Шуренан шолгӀа тӀом – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шуренан шолгӀа тӀом" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduhang_Gubat_Kalibotanon" title="Ikaduhang Gubat Kalibotanon – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ikaduhang Gubat Kalibotanon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85" title="جەنگی جیھانیی دووەم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی جیھانیی دووەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Guerra_Mundiale" title="Seconda Guerra Mundiale – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Seconda Guerra Mundiale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekinci_Cian_cenki" title="Ekinci Cian cenki – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ekinci Cian cenki" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Druhá světová válka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá světová válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%A7_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%A7_%E2%80%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%E2%80%8B" title="Втораѧ всєлєнскаѧ ​воина​ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Втораѧ всєлєнскаѧ ​воина​" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Иккĕмĕш Тĕнче вăрçи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иккĕмĕш Тĕнче вăрçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ail_Ryfel_Byd" title="Yr Ail Ryfel Byd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ail Ryfel Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2. verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94%C5%8B_Pinynhom_de_R%C3%B6u" title="Tɔŋ Pinynhom de Röu – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Tɔŋ Pinynhom de Röu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb%C3%AA_D%C4%B1nyay%C3%AA_D%C4%B1y%C4%B1ne" title="Herbê Dınyayê Dıyıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Herbê Dınyayê Dıyıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_sw%C4%9Btowa_w%C3%B3jna" title="Druga swětowa wójna – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Druga swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%AC%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6_%DE%84%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%AA_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6" title="ދެވަނަ ބޮޑު ހަނގުރާމަ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދެވަނަ ބޮޑު ހަނގުރާމަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec%C3%A5nda_gu%C3%A8ra_mundi%C3%A8l" title="Secånda guèra mundièl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Secånda guèra mundièl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Mondmilito" title="Dua Mondmilito – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua Mondmilito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teine_maailmas%C3%B5da" title="Teine maailmasõda – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teine maailmasõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Guerra_Mundial" title="II Guerra Mundial – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="II Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="جنگ جهانی دوم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ جهانی دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_maailmansota" title="Toinen maailmansota – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen maailmansota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5%C3%B5n%C3%B5_ilmas%C3%B5da" title="Tõõnõ ilmasõda – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tõõnõ ilmasõda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinni_heimsbardagi" title="Seinni heimsbardagi – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Seinni heimsbardagi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde Guerre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Gu%C3%A8rra_mondi%C3%A2la" title="Seconda Guèrra mondiâla – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Seconda Guèrra mondiâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naist_W%C3%A4%C3%A4ltkrich" title="Naist Wäältkrich – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Naist Wäältkrich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_vuere_mondi%C3%A2l" title="Seconde vuere mondiâl – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Seconde vuere mondiâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twadde_Wr%C3%A2ldkriich" title="Twadde Wrâldkriich – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twadde Wrâldkriich" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Dara_Cogadh_Domhanda" title="An Dara Cogadh Domhanda – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Dara Cogadh Domhanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9gonn_Lag%C3%A8r_mondyal" title="Ségonn Lagèr mondyal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ségonn Lagèr mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_D%C3%A0rna_Cogadh" title="An Dàrna Cogadh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Dàrna Cogadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Segunda guerra mundial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91orair%C3%B5_Guasu_Mok%C3%B5iha" title="Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A7" title="બીજું વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બીજું વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Nah_Chaggey_Dowanagh" title="Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C6%99in_Duniya_na_II" title="Yaƙin Duniya na II – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaƙin Duniya na II" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-ngi-chh%E1%B9%B3_S%E1%B9%B3-kie_Thai-chan" title="Thi-ngi-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-ngi-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלחמת העולם השנייה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druha_sw%C4%9Btowa_w%C3%B3jna" title="Druha swětowa wójna – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Druha swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezy%C3%A8m_G%C3%A8_mondyal" title="Dezyèm Gè mondyal – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dezyèm Gè mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Második világháború – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Második világháború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Երկրորդ Համաշխարհային Պատերազմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկրորդ Համաշխարհային Պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunde_Guerra_Mundial" title="Secunde Guerra Mundial – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Secunde Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_Kedua" title="Perang Dunya Kedua – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Perang Dunya Kedua" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Dunia II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesim_Guerre_Mundal" title="Duesim Guerre Mundal – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Duesim Guerre Mundal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikadua_a_Sangalubongan_a_Gubat" title="Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesma_mondomilito" title="Duesma mondomilito – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Duesma mondomilito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinni_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ldin" title="Seinni heimsstyrjöldin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seinni heimsstyrjöldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra mondiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6" title="第二次世界大戦 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二次世界大戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Waar_II" title="Wol Waar II – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wol Waar II" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remoi_ke_terdi_nunjamna" title="remoi ke terdi nunjamna – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remoi ke terdi nunjamna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Donya_II" title="Perang Donya II – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Donya II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მეორე მსოფლიო ომი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეორე მსოფლიო ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekinshi_j%C3%A1h%C3%A1n_ur%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Ekinshi jáhán urısı – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekinshi jáhán urısı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%AC%E1%B9%ADra%E1%B8%8D_Ama%E1%B8%8Dlan_Wis_Sin" title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D" title="ЕтӀуанэ дунейпсо зауэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЕтӀуанэ дунейпсо зауэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kede%C5%8Ba_kpeekpe_you_k%C9%A9l%C9%9Bl%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwang_Swanta_II" title="Zwang Swanta II – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwang Swanta II" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7" title="ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C7%9Driwu_Dunya_y%C7%9D_k%C7%9Dn_Indimi" title="Kǝriwu Dunya yǝ kǝn Indimi – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Kǝriwu Dunya yǝ kǝn Indimi" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Экинчи дуния къазауат – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Экинчи дуния къазауат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%9A%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%94%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF" title="دوٚیِم عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دوٚیِم عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweide_Weltkresch" title="Zweide Weltkresch – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Zweide Weltkresch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Duyem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%B6%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%C3%B6%D0%B2%C3%B6%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мöд мирöвöй война – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мöд мирöвöй война" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyl_Bresel_an_Bys" title="Eyl Bresel an Bys – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eyl Bresel an Bys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88" title="Экинчи дүйнөлүк согуш – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экинчи дүйнөлүк согуш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundum_bellum_mundanum" title="Secundum bellum mundanum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Secundum bellum mundanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosena_Gerra_Mondiala" title="Dosena Gerra Mondiala – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dosena Gerra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweete_Weltkrich" title="Zweete Weltkrich – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zweete Weltkrich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="2-мур дунияллул дяъви – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="2-мур дунияллул дяъви" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Дуьньядин кьведлагьай дяве – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дуьньядин кьведлагьай дяве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_Mundal_Du" title="Gera Mundal Du – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gera Mundal Du" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiede_Wereldoorlog" title="Twiede Wereldoorlog – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twiede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A6ra_Mondi%C3%A2" title="Segonda Guæra Mondiâ – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Segonda Guæra Mondiâ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunda_Vera_Mondiala" title="Secunda Vera Mondiala – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Secunda Vera Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seg%C3%B3nda_gu%C3%A8ra_mondi%C3%A0l" title="Segónda guèra mondiàl – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Segónda guèra mondiàl" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrasis_pasaulinis_karas" title="Antrasis pasaulinis karas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antrasis pasaulinis karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrais_pasaules_kar%C5%A1" title="Otrais pasaules karš – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Otrais pasaules karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Donya_II" title="Perang Donya II – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perang Donya II" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Омбоце масторлангонь торпингесь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Омбоце масторлангонь торпингесь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ady_Lehibe_Faharoa" title="Ady Lehibe Faharoa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ady Lehibe Faharoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D3%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кокымшо Тӱнямбалсе сар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кокымшо Тӱнямбалсе сар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakanga_Tuarua_o_te_Ao" title="Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Dunia_II" title="Parang Dunia II – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Dunia II" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора светска војна – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора светска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दुसरे महायुद्ध – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरे महायुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Dunia Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It-Tieni_Gwerra_Dinjija" title="It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A_%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဒုတိယ ကမ္ဘာစစ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒုတိယ ကမ္ဘာစစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87" title="جئونی دیمین الجه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جئونی دیمین الجه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconna_Uerra_Munniale" title="Seconna Uerra Munniale – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Seconna Uerra Munniale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweete_Weltkrieg" title="Tweete Weltkrieg – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tweete Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tweede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8" title="तःहताः २ – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तःहताः २" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_verdskrigen" title="Andre verdskrigen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andre verdskrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_verdenskrig" title="Andre verdenskrig – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8A%DF%AF%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AB_%DF%9E%DF%9F%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%9D%DF%8C%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%B2" title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaki_g%C3%B3ne%CA%BC_y%C3%A9igo_da%CA%BCahijoog%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81%CA%BC" title="Naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhondo_Yachiwiri_Yadziko_Lonse" title="Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toine_muailmanvoinu" title="Toine muailmanvoinu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Toine muailmanvoinu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7" title="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82" title="Дыккаг дунеон хæст – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дыккаг дунеон хæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Dos_Guera_Mundial" title="Di Dos Guera Mundial – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Di Dos Guera Mundial" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgonde_Djerre_Mondiale" title="Sgonde Djerre Mondiale – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sgonde Djerre Mondiale" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwette_Weltgrieg" title="Zwette Weltgrieg – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Zwette Weltgrieg" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werl_War_II" title="Werl War II – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Werl War II" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_%C5%9Bwiatowa" title="II wojna światowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II wojna światowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sconda_gu%C3%A8ra_mondial" title="Sconda guèra mondial – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sconda guèra mondial" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C_%D9%84%DA%91%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="دوجی وڈی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دوجی وڈی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="دويمه نړېواله جګړه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دويمه نړېواله جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskay_%C3%B1iqin_pachantin_maqanakuy" title="Iskay ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iskay ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" title="Segunda Guerra mundiala – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Segunda Guerra mundiala" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al Doilea Război Mondial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_uerre_mundiale" title="Seconda uerre mundiale – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Seconda uerre mundiale" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вторая мировая война – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая мировая война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга світова война – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Друга світова война" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="द्वितीयविश्वयुद्धम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="द्वितीयविश्वयुद्धम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Аан дойду иккис сэриитэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аан дойду иккис сэриитэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_gherra_mundiale" title="Segunda gherra mundiale – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Segunda gherra mundiale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunna_guerra_munniali" title="Secunna guerra munniali – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Secunna guerra munniali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warld_War_II" title="Warld War II – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Warld War II" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ٻين مھاڀاري جنگ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻين مھاڀاري جنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubbi_m%C3%A1ilmmisoahti" title="Nubbi máilmmisoahti – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nubbi máilmmisoahti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imn%C9%A3i_Ama%E1%B8%8Dlan_Wis_Sin" title="Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA" title="දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna" title="Druhá svetová vojna – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druhá svetová vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_svetovna_vojna" title="Druga svetovna vojna – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Druga svetovna vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taua_Lona_Lua_a_le_Lalolagi" title="Taua Lona Lua a le Lalolagi – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Taua Lona Lua a le Lalolagi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubbe_maailmsu%C3%A1ti" title="Nubbe maailmsuáti – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nubbe maailmsuáti" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondo_yePasirose_yeChipiri" title="Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Labaad_ee_Aduunka" title="Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Dyt%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Lufta e Dytë Botërore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Dytë Botërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Други светски рат – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други светски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tw%C3%A4iden_Waareldkriech" title="Twäiden Waareldkriech – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Twäiden Waareldkriech" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_II" title="Perang Dunya II – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Perang Dunya II" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra världskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Pili_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_%C5%9Bwjatowo" title="II wojna śwjatowo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="II wojna śwjatowo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sakatusaay_nu_kitakit_satabakiay_masasungayaw" title="sakatusaay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sakatusaay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии дувум – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии дувум" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikinji_Jahan_Ur%C5%9Fy" title="Ikinji Jahan Urşy – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ikinji Jahan Urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymin%C9%99_Dynjo_%C4%8Dang" title="Dyminə Dynjo čang – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dyminə Dynjo čang" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Dünya Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенче бөтендөнья сугышы – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икенче бөтендөнья сугышы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ийиги Делегей дайыны – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ийиги Делегей дайыны" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%83%D9%83%D9%89%D9%86%DA%86%D9%89_%D8%AF%DB%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ئىككىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىككىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга світова війна – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга світова війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="دوسری جنگ عظیم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوسری جنگ عظیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkinchi_Jahon_urushi" title="Ikkinchi Jahon urushi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikkinchi Jahon urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guera_mondia%C5%82e" title="Seconda guera mondiałe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Seconda guera mondiałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toine_mail%27man_soda" title="Toine mail&#039;man soda – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Toine mail&#039;man soda" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_th%E1%BB%A9_hai" title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiddn_Weireld%C3%B4orloge" title="Twiddn Weireldôorloge – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Twiddn Weireldôorloge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volakrig_telid" title="Volakrig telid – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Volakrig telid" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deujhinme_guere_daegnrece" title="Deujhinme guere daegnrece – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Deujhinme guere daegnrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduha_nga_Gera_han_Kalibotan" title="Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91aareelu_Xareb_%C3%80dduna" title="Ñaareelu Xareb Àdduna – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ñaareelu Xareb Àdduna" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="第二次世界大战" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მაჟირა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჟირა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98-%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94" title="צווייטע וועלט-מלחמה – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צווייטע וועלט-מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogun_%C3%80gb%C3%A1y%C3%A9_%E1%BA%B8l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BA%B9%CC%80kej%C3%AC" title="Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daihngeih_Baez_Seiqgyaiq_Dacan" title="Daihngeih Baez Seiqgyaiq Dacan – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daihngeih Baez Seiqgyaiq Dacan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twidde_Weareldo%C3%B4rlog" title="Twidde Weareldoôrlog – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Twidde Weareldoôrlog" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-j%C4%AB-chh%C3%B9_S%C3%A8-k%C3%A0i_T%C4%81i-chi%C3%A0n" title="Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Military"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:喷气式; zh-hk:噴射; zh-mo:噴氣式; zh-my:喷气式; zh-sg:喷气式; zh-tw:噴射;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70578162">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:315px;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;font-size:100%">第二次世界大戰</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/3/36/World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png/300px-World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/3/36/World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png/450px-World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/3/36/World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png/600px-World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1797" /></a></span><br />上:參加<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%AE%B6%E5%B6%BA%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萬家嶺戰役">萬家嶺戰役</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">國民革命軍</a>部隊;<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次阿拉曼戰役">第一次阿拉曼戰役</a>中澳洲部隊使用25磅炮進行攻擊<br />中上:蘇聯在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林格勒戰役">斯大林格勒戰役</a>上作戰;在1943年至1944年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">東線戰場</a>上正在展開攻勢的德國<a href="/wiki/Ju_87%E4%BF%AF%E8%A1%9D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="Ju 87俯衝轟炸機">斯图卡战机</a><br />中下:<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86" title="诺曼底登陆">诺曼底登陆</a>后盟军在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E6%B5%B7%E6%BB%A9" title="奥马哈海滩">奥马哈海滩</a>卸下补给品;美國海軍在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E7%89%99%E5%9B%A0%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="仁牙因灣戰役">仁牙因灣戰役</a>中駛向<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E7%89%99%E5%9B%A0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="仁牙因湾">仁牙因灣</a>海岸<br />下:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="柏林戰役">柏林战役</a>中苏军<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E6%89%AC%E8%B5%B7%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97" title="在柏林国会大厦扬起红旗">在德国国会大厦屋顶扬起红旗</a>;1945年8月9日<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%B9%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="长崎市原子弹爆炸">原子弹在长崎市上空爆炸</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em;white-space:nowrap">日期</th><td>1939年9月1日-1945年9月2日<br />(6年又1天)<sup id="cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国抗日战争-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em;white-space:nowrap">地点</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA" title="第二次世界大战欧洲战场">歐洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年-1945年)">大西洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太平洋戰爭">太平洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA" title="第二次世界大战东南亚战区">东南亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">中東</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">地中海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">北非</a>;短期于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="美洲戰區 (第二次世界大戰)">北美洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="拉普拉塔河口海战">南美洲</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em;white-space:nowrap">结果</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>勝利(<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#战後">參見後果</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;">参战方</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;font-size:85%;;font-size:90%"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度">印度</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%8C%AB%E8%98%AD" title="英屬錫蘭">英屬錫蘭</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" title="紐西蘭自治領">新西兰自治领</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="南非聯邦">南非</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中國</a><sup id="cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国抗日战争-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>其他同盟国</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第三共和国"><img alt="法兰西第三共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第三共和國">法國</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="自由法國">自由法國</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国">波兰</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="希臘王國">希腊</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">荷兰</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="第二次世界大戰期間的比利時">比利时</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="德国占领挪威">挪威</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦加斯时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vargas Era"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦加斯时期(页面不存在)">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_Era" class="extiw" title="en:Vargas Era"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vargas Era</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大战期间的卢森堡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luxembourg in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大战期间的卢森堡(页面不存在)">卢森堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Luxembourg in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luxembourg in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府">捷克斯洛伐克</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚帝国">埃塞俄比亚</a> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="566" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大韩民国临时政府">大韩民国临时政府</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;font-size:90%"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">軸心國</a>:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國"><img alt="納粹德國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">德國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国"><img alt="大日本帝国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">日本</a><sup id="cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国抗日战争-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="義大利王國"><img alt="義大利王國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利王國 (1861年-1946年)">義大利</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>其他轴心国</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_with_arms_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1920%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王國 (1920年-1946年)">匈牙利</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚王国">罗马尼亚王國</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%9C%97%E5%93%A5%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥独裁">西班牙國</a> <br /></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克共和國 (1939年-1945年)">斯洛伐克</a> <br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="克羅埃西亞獨立國">克罗地亚</a> <br /></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a> <br /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="伊拉克王國">伊拉克王國</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <br /></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="第二次世界大战期间的泰国">泰国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;">指挥官与领导者</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;font-size:85%;;font-size:90%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大戰同盟國領袖">同盟國領袖</a>:</b> <b><br /></b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="富蘭克林·羅斯福">富蘭克林·羅斯福</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·斯大林">約瑟夫·斯大林</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫斯頓·邱吉爾">溫斯頓·邱吉爾</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期"><img alt="中華民國大陸時期" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大戰同盟國領袖">详情…</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;font-size:90%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大战轴心国领袖">軸心國領袖</a>:</b> <b><br /></b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國"><img alt="納粹德國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="義大利王國"><img alt="義大利王國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="貝尼托·墨索里尼">貝尼托·墨索里尼</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国"><img alt="大日本帝国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="昭和天皇">裕仁</a> <br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大战轴心国领袖">详情…</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;">伤亡与损失</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;font-size:85%;;font-size:90%"> <b>士兵死亡:</b><br />超過16,000,000人<br /><b>平民死亡:</b><br />超過45,000,000人<br /><b>合計死亡:</b><br />超過61,000,000人(1937─45)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B7%E4%BA%A1%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰各國傷亡統計">更多詳情…</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;font-size:90%"> <b>士兵死亡:</b><br />超過8,000,000人<br /><b>平民死亡:</b><br />超過4,000,000人<br /><b>合計死亡:</b><br />超過12,000,000人(1937─45) <br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B7%E4%BA%A1%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰各國傷亡統計">更多詳情…</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;font-size:85%;"> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1939年,根据同德国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏德互不侵犯条约">约定</a>,苏联<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联入侵波兰">入侵波兰东部</a>。1939年至1940年冬季,苏联<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="冬季战争">入侵中立国芬兰</a>,并由此被驱逐出国际联盟。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中国抗日战争-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国抗日战争_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">中華民国和日本<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">自1937年</a>便开始交战。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">埃塞俄比亚和意大利<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%84%8F%E9%98%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次意阿战争">自1935年</a>便开始交战。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">意大利于1943年9月签订<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利與盟國停戰">停战协议</a>,此后王国政府与同盟国一同作战,而轴心国则在北部建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利社会共和国">共和国政府</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1940年11月起为轴心国成员,但在1944年8月<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="米哈伊国王政变">政变</a>(面对<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF-%E5%A5%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%99%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2_(1944%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88)" class="mw-redirect" title="雅西-奇西瑙攻勢 (1944年8月)">苏联攻势</a>)推翻<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93" title="扬·安东内斯库">安东内斯库</a>政权后加入同盟国阵营,并同苏联一起对德作战。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1941年3月起为轴心国成员,但在1944年9月<a href="/wiki/1944%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%B2%E8%8B%8F%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="1944年保加利亚亲苏政变">亲苏政变</a>之后加入同盟国阵营,并同苏联一起对德作战。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1941年4月加入、5月被英軍佔領直至二戰完結</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">对于第二次世界大战开始和结束的时间,各界<a href="#时间线">观点不一</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">日本與蘇聯(現今為俄羅斯)尚未簽訂和平條約<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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War II"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="第二次世界大战主戰場" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第二次世界大战</a>主戰場</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA" title="第二次世界大战欧洲战场">歐洲戰場</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">波蘭</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰波蘭抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰波蘭抵抗運動(页面不存在)">波蘭抵抗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Polish resistance movement in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish resistance movement in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%88%B0" title="假戰">假戰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭(页面不存在)">芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Finland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="冬季战争">冬季战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="继续战争">继续战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉普兰战争">拉普兰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%82%89%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%A0%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="威悉演习行动">丹麥及挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="西方战线 (第二次世界大战)">西方戰線</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="法國戰役">1940年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="法國抵抗運動">抵抗運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)#1944年–1945年:盟军开辟第二战场" title="西方战线 (第二次世界大战)">1944–1945年</a></li></ul></li> <li>阿爾卑斯山 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="義大利入侵法國">1940年</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次阿爾卑斯山戰役" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Battle of the Alps"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次阿爾卑斯山戰役(页面不存在)">1944年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" class="extiw" title="en:Second Battle of the Alps"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Battle of the Alps</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="不列顛戰役">不列顛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="巴爾幹戰役">巴爾幹</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="南斯拉夫抵抗運動">塞爾維亞游擊隊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="希臘抵抗運動">希臘抵抗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">東方戰線</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940%E8%87%B31944%E5%B9%B4%E8%BB%8A%E8%87%A3%E5%8F%9B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="1940至1944年車臣叛亂">車臣</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="義大利戰役 (第二次世界大戰)">義大利</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="西西里島戰役">西西里島</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="太平洋战争">亞洲和太平洋戰場</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80" title="第二次世界大戰太平洋戰區">太平洋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA" title="第二次世界大战西南太平洋战区">西南太平洋</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%B3%B0%E6%B3%95%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次泰法戰爭">泰法战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA" title="第二次世界大战东南亚战区">東南亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="緬甸戰役">緬甸及印度北部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="日本本土戰役">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="蘇日戰爭">滿洲及朝鮮北部</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%98%87%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" class="mw-redirect" title="日蘇邊界衝突">戰前衝突</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間對澳洲的攻擊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attacks on Australia during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%B0%8D%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間對澳洲的攻擊(页面不存在)">澳洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_on_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Attacks on Australia during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attacks on Australia during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">地中海、中東及非洲戰場</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>非洲 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="北非戰場">北非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="东非战役 (第二次世界大战)">东非</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="地中海戰役">地中海</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚得里亚海战役 (第二次世界大战)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adriatic Campaign of World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亚得里亚海战役 (第二次世界大战)(页面不存在)">亚得里亚海</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Adriatic Campaign of World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adriatic Campaign of World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="馬爾他圍城戰 (第二次世界大戰)">马耳他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="中東戰場 (第二次世界大戰)">中東</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英國伊拉克戰爭">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E-%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="敘利亞-黎巴嫩戰場">叙利亚及黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="英苏入侵伊朗">伊朗</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十二群岛战役" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dodecanese Campaign"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="十二群岛战役(页面不存在)">十二群岛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecanese_Campaign" class="extiw" title="en:Dodecanese Campaign"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dodecanese Campaign</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="龍騎兵行動">法国南部</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>其他戰役</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="美洲戰區 (第二次世界大戰)">美洲</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的南極洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antarctica during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的南極洲(页面不存在)">南極洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Antarctica during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antarctica during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年—1945年)">大西洋</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二战期间的北冰洋海军活动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arctic naval operations of World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="二战期间的北冰洋海军活动(页面不存在)">北冰洋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Arctic naval operations of World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arctic naval operations of World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%A9%BA%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰空戰">空戰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" title="第二次世界大戰戰略轟炸">戰略轟炸</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二战期间的法属西非" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French West Africa in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="二战期间的法属西非(页面不存在)">法属西非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French West Africa in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French West Africa in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度洋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indian Ocean in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度洋(页面不存在)">印度洋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Indian Ocean in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indian Ocean in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬達加斯加戰役">马达加斯加</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>政變</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="納粹在烏拉圭發動政變及入侵計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%9C%A8%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="納粹在烏拉圭發動政變及入侵計畫(页面不存在)">烏拉圭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" class="extiw" title="en:Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1940年挪威政變" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1940 Norwegian coup d&#39;état"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940%E5%B9%B4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1940年挪威政變(页面不存在)">挪威</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Norwegian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="extiw" title="en:1940 Norwegian coup d&#39;état"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1940 Norwegian coup d'état</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="佔領波羅的海國家">波羅的海國家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" title="南斯拉夫政变">南斯拉夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" title="1941年伊拉克政变">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%BF%AA%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="格兰迪决议">義大利</a></li> <li>羅馬尼亞 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="退伍軍人叛亂及布加勒斯特反猶騷亂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legionnaires&#39; rebellion and Bucharest pogrom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%80%E4%BC%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%9B%E4%BA%82%E5%8F%8A%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="退伍軍人叛亂及布加勒斯特反猶騷亂(页面不存在)">1941年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" class="extiw" title="en:Legionnaires&#39; rebellion and Bucharest pogrom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="八二三起义">1944年</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%E6%9C%8820%E6%97%A5%E5%AF%86%E8%AC%80%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="7月20日密謀案">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87-%E6%B2%83%E5%9F%BA%E5%A5%87%E5%AF%86%E8%B0%8B" title="洛尔科维奇-沃基奇密谋">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" title="1944年保加利亚政变">保加利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%8B%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="鐵拳行動">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" title="三九政变">法屬印度支那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E5%9F%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="宫城事件">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E9%A8%B7%E6%93%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="松江騷擾事件">松江</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>同時發生的其他戰爭</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙內戰">西班牙內戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="国共内战">中國內戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%8E%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="秘厄战争">秘厄戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘內戰">希臘內戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%81%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="伊宁事变">伊宁事变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>第二次世界大戰</b>,简称<b>二战</b>,是1939年至1945年爆發的全球<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="战争">軍事衝突</a>。第二次世界大战涉及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%8F%82%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战参战国列表">全球絕大多數的國家</a>,包括所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大國">大國</a>,并最終分成兩個彼此對立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="军事同盟">軍事同盟</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">軸心國</a>。這次戰爭是人類史上<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="世界大戰">規模最大的戰爭</a>,各国动员至少1億多名軍人參與這次軍事衝突。主要的參戰國紛紛宣布進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%88%98" title="总体战">總體戰</a>狀態,幾乎將自身國家的全部經濟、工業、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="科学技术">科學技術</a>用於戰爭之上,同時將民用和軍用的資源合併以便規劃。第二次世界大戰也是有紀錄以來最多大規模民眾死亡的軍事衝突,总死亡人数达7000萬,其中,死于交战各方刻意屠杀的平民和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BF%98" title="战俘">战俘</a>至少有1,800多万(不包含失踪或未记录在册的),是继第一次世界大战之后人類歷史上死傷人數最多的戰爭<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。第二次世界大战改变了世界局势,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西殖民帝國">法蘭西殖民帝國</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>殖民帝国衰落,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>則取代欧洲殖民帝国的地位成了新的超级大国并在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">战后形成兩強格局</a>,直到1991年12月26日<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>,而以聯合國主導的國際秩序則持續至今。 </p><p>1931年9月18日,日軍发动“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="九一八事變">九一八事变</a>”,出兵占领<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中国东北地区">中国东北</a>,建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="傀儡國家">傀儡國家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">满洲国</a>,當地中國守軍被迫撤離。1937年7月7日,日本又发动了“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="七七事变">盧溝橋事變”</a>,惟中國政府在這次衝突中開始積極對抗,於是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中国抗日战争</a>全面爆发。西方媒體多把第二次世界大戰的爆發定為1939年9月1日<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">德國入侵波蘭</a>開始,這次入侵行動即導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第三共和国">法蘭西第三共和國</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>宣戰。德国在擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国">波兰第二共和國</a>後開始嘗試在歐洲建立一個帝國,自1939年到1941年為止,發動一連串戰爭,使德國幾乎佔領西歐、北歐大部分的地區,並和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941946%E5%B9%B4)" title="義大利王國 (1861年—1946年)">意大利王國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">大日本帝國</a>簽署<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="三國同盟條約">三國同盟條約</a>。而聲明保持中立的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>在和德國簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇互不侵犯條約">德蘇互不侵犯條約</a>》後也開始擴張,陸續佔領或吞併在相鄰的6個歐洲國家,在這之中也包括第二次世界大戰爆發時所佔領的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">波蘭領土</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝國</a>則持續作戰,並在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="西部沙漠战役">北非</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年-1945年)">大西洋海上</a>與軸心國爆發多次軍事衝突,英國成了歐洲少數仍繼續抵抗德軍的主要武力之一。1941年6月,歐洲的軸心國決定撕毀和蘇聯的合作約定,聯合入侵蘇聯,也就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85%E8%96%A9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴巴羅薩行動">巴巴羅薩行動</a>,這次攻勢也使得<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">人類歷史上規模最大的地面行動</a>爆發,但在之後讓幾乎統轄整個歐洲地區的軸心國投入大量軍力來維持作戰優勢。 </p><p>1941年12月,亞洲軸心國日本在華作戰已經多年而趨於疲軟,為了在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>地區獲得領導地位,發動<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件">珍珠港事件</a>,襲擊位于太平洋的英美殖民地以獲取南洋資源,導致<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美國</a>向軸心國宣戰,歐亞戰場合攏的格局明顯浮現,雖然日本很快於西太平洋和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a>戰區獲得了主導權,但到了1942年時,日本開始在一系列的海戰中戰敗,在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中途島海戰">中途島海戰</a>損失四艘<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%B0" title="航空母舰">航空母舰</a>,歐洲的義大利也陸續於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次阿拉曼戰役">北非戰役</a>及德國在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林格勒戰役">斯大林格勒戰役</a>中敗退,這些都使軸心國暫停進攻的腳步。1943年時,義大利在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="西西里島戰役">西西里島戰役</a>被同盟國部隊經突尼西亞登陸打败投降,推進至義大利南部,國內政變,總理<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="贝尼托·墨索里尼">贝尼托·墨索里尼</a>失勢,逃往義大利北方繼續作戰,德軍在東線的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="库尔斯克会战">库尔斯克会战</a>戰敗後失去對於東線的主動權,同時美國在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>戰區中獲得了一連串的勝利,自此軸心國逐漸失去主導權並開始後撤佈署於各地的前線部隊。到了1944年時,盟軍決定登陸法國<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼底战役">諾曼第</a>以開闢第二戰場,而蘇聯除了收復過去被佔領的領土外,也開始轉往進攻其他軸心國。在蘇聯部隊<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="柏林戰役">攻入</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>後,德國元首<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">希特勒</a>自殺,第二次世界大戰歐洲戰區最終在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%90%E6%88%B0%E5%8B%9D%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="第二次世界大戰歐戰勝利紀念日">1945年5月8日</a>德國投降後宣告結束。另一方面,美國在1944年和1945年成功擊敗了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國海軍">日本海軍</a>部隊並陸續佔領數個重要的西太平洋島嶼,這使得<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a>隨時面臨同盟國部隊入侵的危機。最後美軍分別於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">廣島市和長崎市投下原子彈</a>並造成大量日本平民死亡。1945年8月9日蘇聯進攻日本控制下的中國東北地區,8月15日,日本宣佈接受<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A" title="波茨坦公告">波茨坦公告</a>,也代表執行開羅宣言中無條件投降的條件,1945年9月2日,日本正式簽署降書,宣布日軍、日軍大本營及日本控制下的軍隊向盟軍無條件投降,第二次世界大戰以同盟國的勝利正式結束。 </p><p>第二次世界大戰對世界影響極為深遠,改變往後世界的政治版圖和社會結構,特別是戰敗的軸心國集團被迫接受同盟國的安排。1945年10月24日<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>亦宣告成立,期望能夠促進各國合作並防止未來的軍事衝突;同時戰勝的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="盟軍">盟軍</a>各國,也紛紛在聯合國各個機構中擔任重要職位,特別是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法國</a>五個國家為首成立聯合國<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">聯合國安全理事會</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會常任理事國">常任理事國</a>,主導着世界的秩序<sup id="cite_ref-聯合國基金會_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-聯合國基金會-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而第二次世界大戰的結束也促使美國和蘇聯二者勢力大幅擴張,成為彼此對立的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="超級大國">超級大國</a>,並在戰爭結束後展開長達四十多年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>局勢。與此同時過去各個歐洲大國的影響力則逐漸下降,促使各個亞洲與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>出現<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="非殖民化">非殖民化</a>的運動,陸陸續續有許多地方宣告獨立。而為了面對戰爭所帶來的破壞,各個國家也開始為自身的產業推出振興經濟措施;另外為了能夠穩定各國之間的外交關係,歐洲也開始推動<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E5%8C%96" title="歐洲一體化">歐洲一體化</a>的目標。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="时间线"><span id=".E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4.E7.BA.BF"></span>时间线</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:时间线"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战年表">第二次世界大战年表</a></div> <p>一般認為,戰爭始于1939年9月1日<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">德國入侵波蘭</a>, 3天之後英國和法國便先後對德國宣戰。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinberg20056_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg20056-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 另有观点认为,戰爭早在1937年7月7日<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BA%9D%E6%A9%8B%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="盧溝橋事變">盧溝橋事變</a>(又稱七七事變),<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中國抗日戰爭">中國抗日戰爭</a>爆發之後便已經開始<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>英國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="历史学家">歷史學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="安東尼·畢佛">安東尼·畢佛</a>等人,則認為第二次世界大戰的起源應該從1931年9月18日日軍發動<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="九一八事變">九一八事變</a>開始計算<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外也有如英國歷史學家<a href="/wiki/A%C2%B7J%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="A·J·P·泰勒">A·J·P·泰勒</a>等抱持著不同的想法,認為抗日戰爭和在歐洲以及其殖民地所爆發的戰爭剛開始只不過是同時發生的不同軍事衝突,兩場戰爭最終於1941年合併,此時才進入「世界大戰」階段<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>其他說法還包括1935年10月3日,因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">義大利入侵衣索比亞</a>的舉動而爆發戰爭<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外也有人認為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>和第二次世界大戰都是屬於「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="欧洲内战">歐洲內戰</a> 」(European Civil War)或者是「<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次三十年战争">第二次三十年战争</a> 」(Second Thirty Years War)的一部份<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。英國歷史學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE" title="安東尼·畢沃爾">安東尼·畢沃爾</a>將1939年5月至9月<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">日本</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古人民共和国">蒙古</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>軍隊之間的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%96%80%E7%BD%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="諾門罕戰役">諾門罕戰役</a>視為第二次世界大戰的開始。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor201210_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor201210-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>但也有其他人認為西班牙內戰是第二次世界大戰的開始或前奏。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>战争结束的日期通常被认为是1945年8月15日<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">日本投降</a>。1951年,日本和盟国签署了<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="舊金山和約">舊金山和約</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasaya19904_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasaya19904-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>1990年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%BB%88%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="最终解决德国问题条约">最终解决德国问题条约</a>允许<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" title="兩德統一">东西德统一</a>,并解决了二战后的大多数问题。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>日本和苏联之间从未签署任何正式的和平条约,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>但两国之间的战争状态因1956年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%98%87%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="日蘇共同宣言">蘇日共同宣言</a>而终止,该宣言也恢复了两国之间的全面外交关系。<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰的起因">第二次世界大戰的起因</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="战间期">战间期</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>結束後,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>在內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第一次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>戰敗,導致歐洲版圖進行了一次重大的改變。1917年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯共和國">俄羅斯</a>爆发了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>,並建立了<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇維埃俄國">蘇俄</a>。一戰中,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E7%B4%84%E5%9C%8B" title="協約國">協約國</a>獲得了勝利,當中包括法國、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>、意大利、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬尼亞王國">羅馬尼亞王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="希臘王國">希腊</a>,它們在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎和會">巴黎和會</a>中獲得了部份土地作為戰後賠償。而且,隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="德国十一月革命">德意志帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" title="奧匈帝國解體">奧匈帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼帝國解體">奥斯曼帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/1917%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1917年俄国革命">俄羅斯帝國</a>的瓦解,導致許多新<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="民族國家">民族國家</a>的成立。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042,_Genf,_V%C3%B6lkerbund,_Sitzungssaal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09042%2C_Genf%2C_V%C3%B6lkerbund%2C_Sitzungssaal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>1930年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦">日內瓦</a>舉行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>大會</figcaption></figure> <p>為了阻止戰爭再次爆發,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>在1919年巴黎和會中建立。該組織的主要目標是通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="集體安全">集體安全</a>、軍事和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="华盛顿海军条约">海軍</a>裁軍來預防武裝衝突,並通過和平談判和仲裁解決國際糾紛。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>儘管在一戰結束後社會開始出現追求<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="和平主義">和平主義</a>的聲音,許多歐洲國家仍充斥著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="民族統一主義">民族統一主義</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E4%BB%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="復仇主義">復仇主義</a>的民族情節且越來越深化<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。特別是德國在簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%BD%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾賽條約">凡爾賽條約</a>》後喪失大量領土、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="德國殖民地">殖民地</a>以及其自身的經濟優勢,使得德國社會對於領土收復以及復仇的思想更趨強化。然而由於《凡爾賽條約》的種種限制,德國仍然失去包括德國自身13%的領土以及所有海外<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>,過去德國在戰爭期間吞併的他國領土也被迫允許獨立,並以戰爭開銷與賠償為由徵收巨額賠款。條約中更進一步限制德國軍事力量的規模以及配備,包括了撤除<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="空軍">空軍</a>以及撤銷參謀部<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而與此同時<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="俄国内战">俄國內戰</a>漸趨緩和,並且另外成立<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>掌管政權<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1918年到1919年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="德国十一月革命">德國十一月革命</a>爆發,導致德意志帝國瓦解並由另外建立的民主政府取代,新成立的德國政府後來又稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="魏玛共和国">魏玛共和国</a>。然而在戰間期的這段時間,剛剛成立的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="魏瑪共和國">魏玛共和国</a>便面臨了國內<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="右派">右派</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="左派">左派</a>各自支持者的權力爭奪衝突。另一方面在第一次世界大戰中期,與英國和法國簽署<a href="/wiki/1915%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="1915年倫敦條約">1915年倫敦條約</a>的意大利以獲得領土為條件決定轉而投靠協約國集團,但是意大利的民族主義者不滿在戰爭結束後兩國並沒有遵守領土轉移的承諾,隨後因為這次領土擴展事件反而讓意大利社會爆發衝突。而從1922年到1925年開始,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="本尼托·墨索里尼">本尼托·墨索里尼</a>為首的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="法西斯黨">法西斯黨</a>成功於意大利獲得執政權力,並且以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民族主義">民族主義</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極權主義">極權主義</a>廢除了原本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E5%88%B6%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="代議制民主">代議制民主</a>結構,不斷打壓意大利當地的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>、左派和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a>的活動;同時意大利政府也積極展開許多外交策略,期望能夠將意大利發展成為世界大國之一,而成為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利殖民地">新羅馬帝國</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面在德國,以<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a>為首的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹黨">納粹黨</a>則開始嘗試在德國建立一個法西斯政府。伴隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="大萧条">經濟大蕭條</a>爆發之後,德國社會開始支持納粹黨執政,到了1933年希特勒出任德國總理。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E7%BA%B5%E7%81%AB%E6%A1%88" title="国会纵火案">國會縱火案</a>發生後希特勒開始大力提拔納粹黨成員擔任政府重要官員,並開始將德國塑造成法西斯極權的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="一黨制">一黨制</a>國家<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541,_Weimar,_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10541%2C_Weimar%2C_Aufmarsch_der_Nationalsozialisten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a>在纳粹党党代会上,1930年10月摄于<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B" title="魏玛">魏玛</a></figcaption></figure> <p>儘管<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a>曾在1923年時發起一場以失敗告結的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92%E9%A4%A8%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="啤酒館政變">政變</a>嘗試推翻德國政府,出獄後競選總統輸給<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%88%88%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="保羅·馮·興登堡">保羅·馮·興登堡</a>,但在1932年保守右派前總理帕彭向政敵報仇的策劃下,透過右翼國家人民黨及德國企業家們政商合作,身為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國會">國會</a>第一大黨的納粹不僅獲得資助、解除瀕臨破產的危機,更因此得到政商名流聯名遊說,最終說服興登堡任命他於1933年合法成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="德國總理">德國總理</a>。他宣布廢除民主制度,同時藉由民族主義的風潮提出要<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F_(%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89)" title="新秩序 (纳粹主义)">重新修正世界秩序</a>,並很快便開始大規模地重整軍備<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。與此同時<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第三共和国">法國</a>為了​​確保<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941946%E5%B9%B4)" title="義大利王國 (1861年—1946年)">意大利</a>仍然與其合作、維持同一陣線之協議,允許<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941946%E5%B9%B4)" title="義大利王國 (1861年—1946年)">意大利</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚帝国">埃塞俄比亚</a>列為自己的殖民地。然而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a>的主導下,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>於1935年再度合併原本作為德國領土的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="萨尔盆地地区">薩爾盆地</a>地區,而在獲得民意支持的情況下德國隨後推翻《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%BD%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾賽條約">凡爾賽條約</a>》且加速重整軍備的計劃,甚至以大規模<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B5%E5%88%B6" title="徵兵制">徵兵</a>的方式擴充部隊兵力,而這些強調國家主權的舉動也更加加深了德國社會對於希特勒的聲望<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>為了能夠抗衡<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>的不斷發展,英國、法國和意大利決定成立<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E8%90%A8%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF" title="斯特雷萨阵线">斯特雷薩陣線</a>。另外<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>也懷疑德國的目標也包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%80%B2" title="東進">占領東歐的廣大領土</a>,蘇聯為此也與法國簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏法互助条约">蘇法互助條約</a>》;然而儘管《蘇法互助條約》已經簽署,該協議仍然堅持必須要經過國際聯盟的討論才能針對入侵行為有所因應,這使得這一條約基本上並無威嚇力<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在1935年6月,英國甚至與德國簽署了《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="英德海軍協定">英德海軍協定</a>》,更加緩和了先前《凡爾賽條約》的部分限制。而美國則於同年8月通過了<a href="/wiki/1930%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" title="1930年代中立法">中立法案</a>,表示不會干涉美洲以外的國際事務<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這也促使<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>於同年10月時<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">入侵衣索比亞</a>,德國是少數願意表態支持意大利入侵舉動的歐洲國家,這也使得意大利在稍後德國吞併<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>並未表示反對<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>儘管1936年3月<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a>不顧《凡爾賽條約》與《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%8A%A0%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="羅加諾公約">羅加諾公約</a>》而<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD%E5%86%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%96" title="萊茵蘭再軍事化">進駐萊茵蘭</a>,但是其他歐洲列強對於此事並未多加干涉<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同年7月時<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙內戰">西班牙內戰</a>爆發,希特勒和墨索里尼公開支持主張法西斯獨裁的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%9C%97%E5%93%A5%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥独裁">佛朗哥部隊</a>和蘇聯支持的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="西班牙第二共和国">西班牙第二共和國</a>軍隊交戰,這次雙方衝突也成了德國和意大利測試新型武器與作戰方式的地方,最終佛朗哥部隊於1939年初成功贏得內戰<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1936年10月,德國和義大利組成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">柏林-羅馬軸心</a>。1個月後德國和日本簽署了《反共產國際協定》,意大利則在隔年也加入其中。這時中國發生<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="西安事變">西安事變</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="中國國民黨">中國國民黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國共產黨">中國共產黨</a>軍隊同意停火並組織<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82#第二次国共合作_(1937-1945)" title="國共關係">統一戰線</a>來抵抗日本入侵<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亞洲"><span id=".E4.BA.9E.E6.B4.B2"></span>亞洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:亞洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中華民國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="中國國民黨">國民黨</a>則為了能夠清除<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="軍閥">軍閥</a>的勢力,在1920年代中期由<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>領導<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">國民革命軍</a>開始自南向北展開<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D%E5%8C%97%E4%BC%90" title="國民革命軍北伐">北伐</a>,在1928年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%89%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="奉系">奉系</a>領袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%AD%B8%E8%89%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="張學良">張學良</a>宣布<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E6%98%93%E5%B9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="東北易幟">歸順</a>後,名義上<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80" title="中国统一">統一中國</a>。然而北伐結束後,國民黨便與原本一同合作的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">共產黨</a>發生衝突,中國很快又再度陷入<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="第一次国共内战">第一次國共內戰</a>中<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1931年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">大日本帝國</a>內<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="軍國主義">軍國主義</a>正趨高漲,帝國政府開始策劃如何能夠有效掌控中國領土並且獲取自然資源,進而藉此發展出足夠的實力來掌管<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E7%B4%98%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%87" title="八紘一宇">亞洲地區</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>此時<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>以「先安內,後攘外」的方針回應日本的入侵行為,繼續剿共,以便穩定局勢,另一方面則期望<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>協助處理日軍進佔中國領土的問題,但日本在遭到國際聯盟<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%A0%93%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" title="李頓報告">譴責</a>行為後隨即宣布退出該組織。在這之後日本在中國又發動了一連串的挑釁行為如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%C2%B7%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="一·二八事變">上海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="熱河戰役">熱河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="長城戰役">河北</a>,一直到1933年中日簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%98%E6%B2%BD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="塘沽協定">塘沽協定</a>》雙方才一度宣告停戰。不過中國仍組織志願部隊繼續在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2" title="满洲">滿州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="察哈爾省 (中華民國)">察哈爾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%8F%E9%81%A0%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="綏遠省 (中華民國)">綏遠</a>等地抵抗日軍入侵<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1936年<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="西安事變">西安事變</a>後,國民黨和共產黨軍隊同意停火,以建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="抗日民族統一戰線">抗日民族統一戰線</a>對抗日本<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戰前事件"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.89.8D.E4.BA.8B.E4.BB.B6"></span>戰前事件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:戰前事件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.A9.E5.85.A5.E4.BE.B5.E8.A1.A3.E7.B4.A2.E6.AF.94.E4.BA.9E.EF.BC.881935.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.941936.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:意大利入侵衣索比亞(1935年—1936年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldatietiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Soldatietiopia.jpg/220px-Soldatietiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Soldatietiopia.jpg/330px-Soldatietiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Soldatietiopia.jpg/440px-Soldatietiopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption>1935年前往参加<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">第二次意大利衣索比亞戰爭</a>的意大利士兵</figcaption></figure> <p>第二次義大利阿比西尼亚戰爭是一場十分簡短的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="殖民战争">殖民戰爭</a>,1935年10月<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利王國 (1861年-1946年)">義大利王國</a>軍隊从<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%B1%AC%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="意屬索馬利蘭">意属索马里兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="厄立特里亚">厄立特里亚</a>发动对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚帝国">阿比西尼亞帝國</a>的军事入侵<sup id="cite_ref-fhdh_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhdh-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,最终于1936年5月成功完成<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86" title="军事占领">軍事佔領</a>并将之并入<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="意属东非">意屬東非</a>作為殖民地。這次軍事衝突也暴露出<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>缺乏維護和平的力量,儘管義大利和阿比西尼亞皆是國際聯盟的成員,而義大利也明顯違反了國際聯盟所訂定的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%9B%9F%E7%B4%84%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E6%A2%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="國際聯盟盟約第十條(页面不存在)">第十條</a>規範,但是國際聯盟仍無法阻止意大利的作為。直至1941年盟军在此击败意大利侵略军,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">埃塞俄比亚</a>才得以复国<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E7.8F.AD.E7.89.99.E5.85.A7.E6.88.B0.EF.BC.881936.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.941939.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:西班牙內戰(1936年—1939年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙內戰">西班牙內戰</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224,_Guernica,_Ruinen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H25224%2C_Guernica%2C_Ruinen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>1937年对格尔尼卡的轰炸</figcaption></figure> <p>德國和意大利为西班牙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%9C%97%E5%93%A5" title="弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥">弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥</a>將軍领导的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="國民軍 (西班牙內戰)">国民军</a>提供军事支持,並且協助打擊當時受到蘇聯支持、而明顯朝向左派傾斜的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙第二共和國">西班牙第二共和國</a>政府。德國和蘇聯也藉由這次<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="代理人戰爭">代理人戰爭</a>作為契機,不斷拿這次衝突來測試新型武器和戰術。其中1937年4月德國<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BF%E9%B7%B9%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="禿鷹軍團">禿鷹軍團</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8" title="格尔尼卡大轰炸">蓄意轟炸格爾尼卡</a>而受到當時社會的關注,這也使国际社会担心未來的重要戰爭將会把平民居住區也納入轟炸範圍內<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1939年4月国民军赢得<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="内战">内战</a>,佛朗哥接掌政權並成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E8%80%85" title="獨裁者">独裁者</a>。他在第二次世界大战中与同盟国和轴心国都进行了交涉,但没有达成任何重要的协议,不过他仍然派出<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2%E5%B8%88" title="蓝色师">志愿军</a>前往东线为德国作战,但在总体上仍然保持中立,不允许任何一方借道或進駐西班牙国土<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同一時間,<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%9F%A5" title="安東尼奧·德·奧利維拉·薩拉查">安東尼奧·薩拉查</a>推行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="法西斯">法西斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="獨裁">獨裁</a>統治,承認西班牙的佛朗哥法西斯軍事獨裁政權,並鎮壓葡萄牙<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="共產黨">共產黨</a>及其他反對派,簽署反共宣言,擴大並鞏固海外殖民地,並且建立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙青年團(页面不存在)">葡萄牙青年團</a>(Mocidade Portuguesa)與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="國家軍團(页面不存在)">國家軍團</a>(Legião Nacional),仿效<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">意大利</a>總理<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="墨索里尼">墨索里尼</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%A1%AB%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="黑衫隊">黑衫隊</a>進行軍隊訓練。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本全面侵华(1937年始)"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.85.A8.E9.9D.A2.E4.BE.B5.E5.8D.8E.EF.BC.881937.E5.B9.B4.E5.A7.8B.EF.BC.89"></span>日本全面侵华(1937年始)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:日本全面侵华(1937年始)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中国抗日战争</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg/220px-Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg/330px-Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg/440px-Shanghai1937IJA_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>1937年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%9E%E6%B2%AA%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="淞沪会战">淞沪会战</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國陸軍">大日本帝國陸軍</a>士兵</figcaption></figure> <p>1937年7月7日日本發起<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="七七事變">七七事變</a>,七月底,日軍便攻下過去曾數次作為首都、具有重要政治意義的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北平</a>,然而日本此時也已經把整個中國納入其軍事行動的最終目標<sup id="cite_ref-未命名-20230318194744_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318194744-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在中國與德國隨時都有可能結束彼此間的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C_(1911%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1941%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="中德合作 (1911年-1941年)">合作關係</a>時,中國選擇與蘇聯迅速簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="中蘇互不侵犯條約">中蘇互不侵犯條約</a>》;之後蘇聯也開始提供<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9C%80" title="軍需">軍需</a>物資以支援中國對日作戰,而已經轉往支持日本的德國則在年底停止與中國的貿易合作關係。日本攻佔北平後,見中國並沒有屈服,決定於1937年8月中旬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%9E%E6%B2%AA%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="淞沪会战">進攻上海</a>。國民革命軍總司令、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="國民政府軍事委員會">國民政府軍事委員會</a>委員長<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>決定部署自己轄下<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E5%BE%B7%E6%A2%B0%E5%B8%88" title="国军德械师">素質最佳的部隊</a>防衛上海。历经3個月戰鬥,上海於11月遭到日軍佔領。日軍之後不斷逼使中國軍隊往西方後退,1937年12月13日日軍成功<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%AB%E6%88%98" title="南京保卫战">佔領首都南京</a>,并<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">屠杀</a>大量中国平民和缴械军人<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tot_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tot-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1938年6月,中國軍隊為了阻止日軍繼續由河南繼續向前推進至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81" title="湖北省">湖北</a>,而故意造成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92%E5%8F%A3%E6%B1%BA%E5%A0%A4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="花園口決堤事件">黃河氾濫</a>。同時中國將拖延下來的時間拿來繼續加強<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%B8%82" title="武汉市">武漢市</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%8B" title="防御工事">防禦工事</a>,但是到了10月時日軍仍成功<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="武漢會戰">佔領武漢</a>當地<sup id="cite_ref-未命名-20230318194744_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318194744-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而日本軍事上的勝利並沒有如日軍希望般瓦解<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>的抵抗,相反地中國政府在遷往位於內陸的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%85%B6%E5%B8%82_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="重慶市 (中華民國)">重慶市</a>後仍繼續堅持作戰,並定都當地<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)"><span id=".E8.98.87.E6.97.A5.E5.86.B2.E7.AA.81.EF.BC.881938.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.941939.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:蘇日冲突(1938年—1939年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%80%B2%E8%AB%96" title="南進論">南進論</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="蘇日邊界衝突">蘇日邊界衝突</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Lake_Khasan-Red_Army_gunners_in_the_interval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>1938年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%BC%93%E5%B3%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="张鼓峰事件">张鼓峰事件</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B" title="苏联红军">苏联红军</a>砲兵部隊</figcaption></figure> <p>1938年7月29日,日本於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%BC%93%E5%B3%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="张鼓峰事件">張鼓峰事件</a>中首次入侵蘇聯領土,蘇聯部隊也隨即與日軍展開交戰。雖然這次戰鬥是以蘇聯勝利作為結束,然而日本也因為這次軍事衝突而有了外交談判的機會。稍後在1939年5月11日,日本決定將武力部隊移動到蒙古邊境<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%96%80%E7%BD%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="諾門罕戰役">哈拉哈河</a>附近。儘管日本最初成功擊敗蒙古紅軍的防衛,但是在蘇聯的支援下最後日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="關東軍">關東軍</a>仍然战敗<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在幾次與蘇聯的軍事衝突後,日本政府深信他們應該盡可能與蘇聯政府透過外交手段調解,以避免<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>稍後對日方於中國的戰場有所干預。两年后世界局势剧变,苏联深深地感到了来自德国的压力,双方便签订了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%98%87%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="日蘇中立條約">日苏中立条约</a>》;同時日本也決定將之後的軍事目標轉往由美國和歐洲掌握的南太平洋地區。另一方面,這次作戰也促使數名經驗豐富的蘇聯軍事領導人得到提拔,例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E8%AB%BE%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%9C%B1%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="格奧爾基·康斯坦丁諾維奇·朱可夫">格奧爾基·康斯坦丁諾維奇·朱可夫</a>便在之後<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="莫斯科戰役">莫斯科戰役</a>中便成了關鍵性的角色<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲局勢及協定"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.B4.B2.E5.B1.80.E5.8B.A2.E5.8F.8A.E5.8D.94.E5.AE.9A"></span>歐洲局勢及協定</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:歐洲局勢及協定"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="德奧合併">德奧合併</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A5%E9%9D%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="绥靖主义">绥靖主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="慕尼黑協定">慕尼黑協定</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇台德區問題">蘇台德區問題</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇互不侵犯條約">德蘇互不侵犯條約</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173,_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen,_Staatschefs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R69173%2C_M%C3%BCnchener_Abkommen%2C_Staatschefs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>1938年9月29日<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英国首相">英国首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%B5%E4%BC%AF%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="內維爾·張伯倫">內維爾·張伯倫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="法国总理">法国总理</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC" title="爱德华·达拉第">愛德華·達拉第</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96_(%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)" title="元首 (納粹德國)">德国元首</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="阿道夫·希特勒">阿道夫·希特勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="意大利总理列表">意大利大臣会议主席</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="貝尼托·墨索里尼">貝尼托·墨索里尼</a>和<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="意大利外交部长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利外交部长">意大利外交部长</a></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%90%8A%E9%98%BF%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%E8%AB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="加萊阿佐·齊亞諾">加萊阿佐·齊亞諾伯爵</a>在签订慕尼黑协定前的合影</figcaption></figure> <p>在歐洲,德國和意大利的舉動更加變得大膽,1938年3月德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="德奧合併">併吞了奧地利</a>,然而這件事只自其他歐洲列強中得到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%8F%E9%9D%96" class="mw-redirect" title="綏靖">一點反應</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這鼓舞希特勒希望能夠將過去作為索賠的對<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="蘇台德地區">蘇台德地區</a>重新納為德國領土,並且以該塊土地是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a>內作為少數民族的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志族群">德意志族群</a>主要生活地區而要求合併。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法國</a>和英國在不詢問捷克斯洛伐克政府的情形下,很快就在<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="慕尼黑協定">慕尼黑協定</a>中承認蘇台德地區應該歸德國所有,在種種壓力之下使得捷克斯洛伐克只能接受領土移交的要求<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是不久之後,德國和意大利仍繼續<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E4%BB%B2%E8%A3%81%E8%A3%81%E6%B1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次維也納仲裁裁決">迫使捷克斯洛伐克割讓更多領土</a>,這也使得鄰近的匈牙利和波蘭也開始備受威脅<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了1939年3月德國<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇台德區問題">入侵</a>捷克斯洛伐克境內尚未統一的部分,隨後在德國安排之下將捷克斯洛伐克分成德國管轄的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="波希米亞和摩拉維亞保護國">波希米亞和摩拉維亞保護國</a>和親近德國的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="附屬國">附屬國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1939-1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克共和國 (1939-1945)">斯洛伐克共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>英國和法國對於德國的舉動感到震驚,但是希特勒仍進一步要求<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E6%BE%A4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="但澤自由市">但澤自由市</a>與其合併,這促使法國和英國向波蘭保證支持其獨立。而當意大利在1939年4月<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利入侵阿爾巴尼亞">攻佔阿爾巴尼亞</a>後,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英國</a>和法國同樣保證會支持羅馬尼亞和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。稍後不久英法與波蘭陸陸續續結為同盟,而德國也與意大利正式簽署了交互合作的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="鋼鐵條約">鋼鐵條約</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。希特勒控诉英国和波兰试图“包围”德国,并宣布废除《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="英德海军协定">英德海军协定</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%A2%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="德波互不侵犯条约">德波互不侵犯条约</a>》。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480,_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S52480%2C_Dtsch.-Sowjet._Grenz-_u._Freundschaftsvertrag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>1939年,德国外交部長<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E7%94%AB" title="约阿希姆·冯·里宾特洛甫">里宾特洛甫</a>签署苏德互不侵犯条约;在他身后的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="维亚切斯拉夫·莫洛托夫">莫洛托夫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">史達林</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1939年8月,德國和蘇聯秘密簽署了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇互不侵犯條約">蘇德互不侵犯條約</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時雙方也秘密於條約簽署時分配各方之後在「領土與政治重新安排」中所獲得的利益,也對之後如何處理波蘭問題上達成了協議。雙方約定由德國佔領<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国">波蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>西部地區,而蘇聯則是佔領<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">波蘭東部領土</a>、芬蘭、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a>、拉脫維亞和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="比薩拉比亞">比薩拉比亞</a>等地<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。这一协议对希特勒来说相当重要,因为它保证了德国在击败波兰之后不必如在一战中一样两面作战。 </p><p>8月末<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>继续向波兰边境进行动员,局面逐渐演化为全面危机。在与意大利外长<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%8E%B1%E9%98%BF%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="加莱阿佐·齐亚诺">齐亚诺伯爵</a>的私人会谈中,希特勒表示波兰是一个“不稳健的中立国”,必须服从德国的要求,否则就应当予以“清算”以免日后在同西方国家的战争中消耗德国的兵源。同时他不认为英国和法国会介入这一冲突<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。8月23日希特勒下令于8月26日进攻波兰,但在听说英国与波兰达成了正式的互助协定以及意大利将保持中立之后,决定延迟进攻<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。作为对英国希望直接谈判的回应,德国于8月29日要求<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>派出代表来到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>,商讨关于割让<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E6%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="但泽">但泽</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A" title="波兰走廊">波兰走廊</a>以及保护波兰境内德意志族裔的事宜。波兰拒绝了这一要求,于是在8月31日晚间,德国宣布谈判破裂<sup id="cite_ref-ibiblio_1939_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibiblio_1939-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戰爭过程"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E7.88.AD.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B"></span>戰爭过程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:戰爭过程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="欧战爆发_(1939年–1940年)"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E6.88.98.E7.88.86.E5.8F.91_.281939.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.931940.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>欧战爆发 (1939年–1940年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:欧战爆发 (1939年–1940年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">波蘭戰役</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">蘇聯入侵波蘭</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg/59px-Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg/89px-Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg/118px-Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="2739" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">德國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96_(%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)" title="元首 (納粹德國)">元首</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹黨">納粹黨</a>領袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg/59px-Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg/89px-Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg/118px-Benito_Mussolini_portrait_as_dictator_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利王國 (1861年-1946年)">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85" title="最高帝国元帅">最高帝国元帅</a>兼首相與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%85%9A" title="国家法西斯党">法西斯黨</a>領袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="墨索里尼">墨索里尼</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/59px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/89px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/118px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dwa_official_portrait_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="1795" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="大元帅 (日本)">帝国大元帅</a>兼帝国武装力量<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%9B" title="日本军">皇军</a>最高统帅<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="昭和天皇">昭和天皇</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hideki_Tojo_2_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/59px-Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/89px-Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/118px-Hideki_Tojo_2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="统制派">軍頭</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E7%BF%BC%E8%B4%8A%E6%9C%83" title="大政翼贊會">大政翼贊會</a>總裁<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%A2%9D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="東條英機">東條英機</a>總理大臣</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg/220px-Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg/330px-Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg/440px-Granica-zrywanie_god%C5%82a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="德国国防军">德国国防军</a>士兵推开<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E6%B3%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="但泽自由市">但泽自由市</a>间的边境障碍物,摄于1939年9月1日</figcaption></figure> <p>1939年9月1日德國和其附屬國<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克共和國 (1939年-1945年)">斯洛伐克</a>一同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">進攻波蘭</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。9月3日法國、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝國</a>紛紛正式向德國宣戰,但實質上給予波蘭的支援則<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%88%B0" title="假戰">十分少</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,只有在法國薩爾當地發起<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="薩爾攻勢">薩爾攻勢</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過9月3日時英國和法國也派遣海軍部隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年-1945年)">封鎖德國外海</a>,期望能夠破壞德國的經濟發展並給予戰況有些許支援<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1939年9月15日,蘇聯在與日本就<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="蘇日邊界衝突">日蘇滿蒙邊界戰爭</a>簽署<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%96%80%E7%BD%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="諾門罕戰役">諾門罕停火協議</a>之後,9月17日也緊接著<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">入侵波蘭</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,波蘭領土隨即被<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>瓜分,而<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>也獲得一部分土地。但儘管如此波蘭政府始終沒有宣布投降,相反地另外組織<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭地下國">波蘭地下國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%B6%E9%84%89%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭家鄉軍">波蘭救國軍</a>,繼續在之後連同佈署在波蘭周遭各條戰線的盟軍部隊<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%AF%B9%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰对第二次世界大战的贡献">一同作戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外大約有100,000名波蘭軍事人員則撤退到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>國家,這些士兵後來也加入抵禦德國部隊進攻的行列<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而著名的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波蘭軍情處密碼局" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biuro Szyfrów"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E6%83%85%E8%99%95%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%B1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭軍情處密碼局(页面不存在)">波蘭軍情處密碼局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biuro_Szyfr%C3%B3w" class="extiw" title="en:Biuro Szyfrów"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biuro Szyfrów</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>則帶著有關破解密碼的資料撤離到法國<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同一時間日本則對具有重要戰略意義的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中國</a>城市長沙市<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次长沙战役">首次發起攻勢</a>,但是在9月下旬被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">中華民國國軍</a>擊退<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36,_Polen,_an_der_Brahe,_deutsche_Panzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-071-36%2C_Polen%2C_an_der_Brahe%2C_deutsche_Panzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰战役">波兰战役</a>中位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%97%E5%93%A5%E4%BB%80" title="比得哥什">比得哥什</a>附近的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="一号坦克">一号坦克</a>部队,摄于1939年9月</figcaption></figure> <p>在對波蘭和立陶宛政府進行干預後,蘇聯依照《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇互不侵犯條約">德蘇互不侵犯條約</a>》強迫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海國家</a>「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="佔領波羅的海國家">協助蘇聯軍隊於他們國家內進駐</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yaroslav_Bilinsky_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaroslav_Bilinsky-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williamson_Murray_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson_Murray-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而在1939年11月芬蘭拒絕蘇聯近乎割讓領土的要求,隨後蘇聯在11月30日入侵芬蘭<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>即<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="冬季戰爭">冬季戰爭</a>,最終在1940年3月12日由芬蘭作出讓步簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="莫斯科和平協定">莫斯科和平協定</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在這之期間儘管法國和英國已經向德國宣戰,但是仍盡可能援助<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬蘭</a>抵禦蘇聯的入侵,而蘇聯也因為這入侵舉動而被國際聯盟剔除<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson_Murray_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson_Murray-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而在西歐,英國開始將其軍隊部署到歐洲大陸,但由於英國部隊始終沒有和德軍發生軍事衝突,這使得這段時間又稱「<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%88%B0" title="假戰">假戰</a>」。一直到1940年4月開始,德軍再發起大規模入侵的情況下才有所交戰<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318194744-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1940年2月時,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4" title="德蘇軸心談判">蘇聯和納粹德國除戰前協議</a>外另外簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="德蘇貿易協定 (1940年)">德蘇貿易協定</a>》,由蘇聯提供各式原料來換取德國的軍事和工業設備,而德國也能夠藉此迴避盟軍對其的原料封鎖<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1940年4月9日,德國為了避免盟軍藉由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="威尔弗雷德行动">威尔弗雷德行动</a>來阻擋<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>出產的鐵礦砂運往德國的路線,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%82%89%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%A0%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="威悉演习行动">入侵了丹麥和挪威</a>以確保原料的運輸<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_3-20230318194744-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。當德國要求<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>接受保護時,丹麥很快就宣布接受並投降,成為保護國。 </p><p>1940年5月,為防德國搶先攻佔,英軍佔領冰島,同時,由於英國對挪威戰役的不滿,邱吉爾於1940年5月10日取代內維爾·張伯倫,成為英國新任首相。然而,到了6月1日,挪威軍隊還是被迫和德軍簽署停戰協議,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>随后沦陷。军隊投降。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)"><span id=".E8.BB.B8.E5.BF.83.E5.9C.8B.E6.8E.A8.E9.80.B2.EF.BC.881940.E5.B9.B4-1941.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:軸心國推進(1940年-1941年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="西欧_(1940年–1941年)"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.AC.A7_.281940.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.931941.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>西欧 (1940年–1941年)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:西欧 (1940年–1941年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="西方战线 (第二次世界大战)">西方战线 (第二次世界大战)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A,_Paris,_Einmarsch,_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-126-0350-26A%2C_Paris%2C_Einmarsch%2C_Parade_deutscher_Truppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="法國戰役">法國戰役</a>結束後,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹德軍">納粹德軍</a>在巴黎勝利遊行,摄于1940年6月</figcaption></figure> <p>1940年5月10日,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="德意志國防軍">德軍</a>開始入侵法國等西歐<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>與中立國,德軍部隊進攻比利時與荷蘭,吸引法軍主力北上前往預定的防線<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="阿尼戰役 (1940年)">迎擊</a>;德軍真正的主力裝甲部隊則穿過防禦鬆散的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA)" title="阿登 (地区)">阿登</a>山區,長驅直入盟軍後方,切斷盟軍補給與通訊以求將其圍殲。盟軍在這一階段被迫撤退至濱海地區,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81%E5%86%9B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="英国远征军 (第二次世界大战)">英國遠征軍</a>和許多法軍士兵在<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="發電機行動">發電機行動</a>中從<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="敦克爾克戰役">敦克爾克</a>成功撤退至英國本土。 </p><p>6月5日,德軍展開了第二階段作戰「<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="紅色方案">红色方案</a>」,從法軍的側翼包圍<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%BA%E9%98%B2%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="马其诺防线">馬其諾防線</a>的守軍,並南下進攻。法军剩余的60个师奋力抵抗,德軍包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="海因茨·古德里安">古德里安</a>在內的數支部隊被阻擊,但无法克服德军的制空权优势和德国<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D)" title="裝甲部隊 (德國國防軍)">装甲部队</a>的机动性。法國政府遷至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="波爾多">波爾多</a>,德軍於6月14日佔領巴黎。6月18日,德國軍官與法國官員會面,談判停火條約相關事宜,6月22日和24日,法國先後和德國意大利簽署停戰協定<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。停戰協定中,法國北部和法意邊境少量地區被讓於軸心國佔領但並未兼併,但南部仍由法國管理。7月10日,貝當領導的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="维希法国">維琪法國</a>成立<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>而早在7月3日,英軍就<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E6%B8%AF%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="米尔斯克比尔港海战">襲擊</a>停泊在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="法属阿尔及利亚">法屬阿爾及利亞</a>的法國艦隊,以防止德國將法軍艦隊納入自己的海軍中<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同年6月中下旬,蘇聯也強行<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="苏联占领波罗的海国家 (1940年)">佔領了愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞和立陶宛等國家</a>和羅馬尼亞具有爭議性的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%AF%94%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3" title="苏联占领比萨拉比亚和北布科维纳">比萨拉比亚地區</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yaroslav_Bilinsky_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaroslav_Bilinsky-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>但直到8月才兼併。與此同時,納粹德國也和蘇聯在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E5%88%92%E5%AE%9A%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="德苏友好合作和边界划定条约">政治與經濟合作上</a>逐漸陷入僵局<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-未命名_4-20230318194744_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_4-20230318194744-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,這使得德國和蘇聯開始為彼此交戰進行準備<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_4-20230318194744_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_4-20230318194744-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/220px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/330px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/440px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="不列颠战役">不列颠战役</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="納粹德國空軍">德国空军</a><a href="/wiki/He_111%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="He 111轰炸机">He 111轰炸机</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在成功瓦解法國後,德國開始嘗試藉由空中優勢來發起<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="不列顛戰役">取得英國上空</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E7%A9%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="制空權">制空權</a>,同時也發起<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="海獅計劃">海獅計劃</a>即一項空降與海上登陸的計畫,準備入侵英國。然而德國空軍的作戰行動並沒有達成目標,損失不少飛機,且無法奪取制空權,這使得入侵計劃在9月時便宣告取消<sup id="cite_ref-Nigel_Kelly_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigel_Kelly-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而儘管德國開始將其佔領的法國港口作為其新基地,但是德國海軍對於仍保有一定實力的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="英國皇家海軍">英國皇家海軍</a>並沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年-1945年)">獲得收益</a>,這使得德國決定改以<a href="/wiki/U%E5%9E%8B%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="U型潛艇">U型潛艇</a>在大西洋巡邏並對英國航運展開攻勢<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面意大利則將重點放在地中海及東非周遭地區,於6月時開始<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="馬爾他圍城戰 (第二次世界大戰)">马尔他围城战 (第二次世界大战)</a>、8月意大利佔領英屬索馬利蘭,並且在1940年9月時<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="義大利入侵埃及">意大利入侵埃及</a>。日本則在9月時開始強化對中國的封鎖,派遣部隊<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="日軍入侵法屬印度支那">進駐</a>位在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="法屬印度支那">法屬印度支那</a>北部的數個基地<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在此期間態度保持中立的美國決定採取新方案,即租借法案,以協助中華民國和西方盟國作戰。1939年11月美國政府就<a href="/wiki/1930%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" title="1930年代中立法">中立法案</a>進行修訂,允許盟軍以「<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B3%BC%E8%87%AA%E9%81%8B" title="現購自運">現購自運</a>」的方式來購買軍事物資與裝備<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在1940年時德國成功攻佔巴黎後,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="美國海軍">美國海軍</a>也藉由《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="兩洋海軍法案">兩洋海軍法案</a>》開始顯著擴大其規模;而在日本入侵印度支那後,美國則對日本實施有關鐵、鋼和機械零件的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%81%8B" title="禁運">禁運</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了同年9月,美國還同意英國<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90%E8%89%A6%E6%8F%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" title="驅逐艦換基地協議">購買原本於美國基地封存的驅逐艦</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但儘管如此,一直到1941年<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件">珍珠港事件</a>以前大部分的美國公民仍繼續反對美國對任何軍事衝突直接干預<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而為了對付於背後支持同盟國的美國,1940年9月底日本、意大利和德國簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="三國同盟條約">三國同盟條約</a>》正式組成<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">軸心國</a>集團,並建立口號(歐洲新秩序)<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318194744-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。《三國同盟條約》中規定除了因應蘇聯主動進攻而另外處理外,任何國家都必須協助任何雖未參與戰爭但仍被攻擊的軸心國國家<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在這段期間,美國則繼續通過了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%9F%E5%80%9F%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="租借法案">租借法案</a>來支援英國和中國作戰<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_3-20230318194744-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;美國也授權美國海軍保護英國所購買的物資和裝備運往大西洋中間的安全區,之後由英國艦隊接手進行管理<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。也因此德國和美國在1941年10月陸續在大西洋北部和中部發生數次海戰,但是美國在官方立場上仍然持續保持中立<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_3-20230318194744-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="地中海_(1940年–1941年)"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E4.B8.AD.E6.B5.B7_.281940.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.931941.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>地中海 (1940年–1941年)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:地中海 (1940年–1941年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場</a></div> <p>1940年11月時,<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD" title="轴心国">軸心國</a>開始大規模擴展自身的勢力<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2002_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2002-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1940年10月時意大利嘗試<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="希意戰爭">入侵希臘</a>,但是在幾天內便被擊退到阿爾巴尼亞地區而陷入僵局<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。至1940年11月,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1920%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王國 (1920年-1946年)">匈牙利王國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬尼亞王國">羅馬尼亞王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1939%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1945%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克共和國 (1939年-1945年)">斯洛伐克共和國</a>相继加入了軸心國行列,而大英帝國所組成的部隊也開始對對位在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%9B%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="羅盤行動">埃及</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="东非战役 (第二次世界大战)">東非</a>的意大利軍隊展開攻勢<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了1941年年初,意大利軍隊已經被大英帝國部隊逼到利比亞,而邱吉爾也將下令派遣部隊前往非洲的動作稱為「光采行動」,並且藉此加強正在與希臘交戰的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利王國 (1861年-1946年)">意大利王國</a>部隊的壓力<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利皇家海軍">意大利皇家海軍</a>於戰爭中遭受了十分慘重的損失,皇家海軍派遣航空母艦<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%98%AD%E6%89%98%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="塔蘭托戰役">攻擊位在塔蘭托</a>的意大利部隊在這次的攻擊中也導致3艘意大利的戰列艦受損,而之後在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%94%E6%BD%98%E8%A7%92%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="馬塔潘角海戰">馬塔潘角海戰</a>中意大利又損失更多艘軍艦<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg/250px-German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg/375px-German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg/500px-German_paratroopers_jumping_From_Ju_52s_over_Crete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%99%8D%E7%8D%B5%E5%85%B5" title="空降獵兵">德國傘兵</a>從<a href="/wiki/Ju_52%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="Ju 52運輸機">Ju 52運輸機</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="克里特島戰役">空降</a>到希臘<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="克里特島">克里特島</a>上作戰,攝於1941年5月</figcaption></figure> <p>因此<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">德國</a>便決定介入此戰事並協助<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>對英作戰。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a>於2月時將部分德國軍隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%97%A5%E8%91%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="向日葵行動">派遣前往利比亞當地</a>,並且在3月底時已經對德部隊便已經<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="西部沙漠战役">數次發動小規模進攻</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而到了4月時,以德軍部隊為首組成的聯軍成功推進到埃及周遭,甚至對盟軍發起了<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" title="托布魯克圍城戰">托布魯克圍城戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。之後大英帝國部隊於5月時發起<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E6%BD%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="簡潔行動">簡潔行動</a>,6月時再度發起了<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E6%96%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="戰斧行動">戰斧行動</a>,但這2次針對軸心國部隊的攻勢隨後都面臨失敗<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而3月初時<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞王國</a>簽署加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">軸心國</a>集團,以及南斯拉夫王國發生退出軸心國的政變,這促使<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>決定要對巴爾幹地區進行干預,隨即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="希臘戰役">入侵希臘</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵南斯拉夫之戰">南斯拉夫</a>並另外組織政府。軸心國部隊在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴爾幹</a>地區很快獲得進展,在5月底德軍部隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="克里特島戰役">攻佔希臘克里特島</a>後,成功迫使<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>軍隊於此處撤退<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。6月中旬,由德國及義大利扶植的傀儡政权<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="克羅埃西亞獨立國">克羅埃西亞獨立國</a>加入轴心国。 </p><p>不過處於劣勢的盟軍,在這段期間也有獲得少數勝利,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>佔領<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>及扶植<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%B8%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="維希政府">維希政府</a>後,本來希望<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="法屬敘利亞託管地">法屬敘利亞託管地</a>能夠在中東參與對英國的作戰,然而同盟國部隊<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英國伊拉克戰爭">成功破壞</a>在維希法國空軍基地內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="德意志國防軍">德軍</a>,進而阻止<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="敘利亞">敘利亞</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>後方發動叛亂<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。稍後在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="自由法國">自由法國</a>部隊的協助下,<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>部隊也接管<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a>的託管地<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="敘利亞">敘利亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>,以防止這類事件再度發生<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時,英軍在1941年向<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="意属东非">意屬東非</a>反攻,成功奪回<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="索馬里">索馬里</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="埃塞俄比亞">埃塞俄比亞</a>等東非地區的控制。而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>成功<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A5%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0" title="俾斯麥號戰艦的最後一戰">擊沉了德國旗艦俾斯麥號</a>,這使得日益低迷的民眾士氣再次受到鼓舞<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="英國皇家空軍">英國皇家空軍</a>也在不列顛空戰中成功抵禦了德國空軍的轟炸,最終<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>上空的主要空襲行動在1941年5月宣告結束<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="亚洲"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E6.B4.B2"></span>亚洲</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:亚洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>而在亞洲戰區,<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%94%BB%E5%8A%BF" title="冬季攻势">儘管雙方都互有發起攻勢</a>,但是在1940年時中國和日本之間的戰爭陷入僵局。日本為了增加對中國所施加的壓力,決定開始優先攻佔重要位置以阻止供應路線,同時與準備與西方列強展開戰爭。這一時期,日軍也繼續<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="日軍入侵法屬印度支那">佔領了印度支那南部地區</a>並給予軍事管制<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同年8月中國共产党在華北发起<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%9C%98%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="百團大戰">百團大戰</a>打擊日軍部隊,作為報復日本則決定在佔領區內對共產黨黨員和一般民眾實施嚴厲的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%89%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="三光政策">三光政策</a>,希望能夠藉此方式有效減少共產黨游擊隊的人力補充和物資供給<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外中國共產黨和中國國民黨之間仍持續存在著互相牽制的氣氛,到了1941年1月雙方<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%96%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="皖南事變">爆發武裝衝突</a>後便宣布結束彼此的合作關係<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。為了能夠成為之後歐洲和亞洲穩定之後的霸主,德國、日本和蘇聯開始對之後可能爆發的軍事衝突進行準備。儘管德國與蘇聯正逐漸處於緊張的局勢,日本考慮到一方面德軍在歐洲戰場上仍占有優勢,而另一方面自身的目標則是奪取歐洲國家殖民下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%A1%8A" title="東南亞地塊">東南亞地區</a>及其豐富資源,為此日本與蘇聯2個強盛國家在1941年4月簽署了《<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="蘇日中立條約">蘇日中立條約</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是在另一方面,德國則逐步在蘇聯邊境佈署軍事武力,準備在之後直接攻擊蘇聯<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="全球衝突(1941年-1942年)"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E7.90.83.E8.A1.9D.E7.AA.81.EF.BC.881941.E5.B9.B4-1942.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>全球衝突(1941年-1942年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:全球衝突(1941年-1942年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E5.B7.B4.E7.BD.97.E8.90.A8.E8.A1.8C.E5.8A.A8.E5.92.8C.E8.8B.8F.E5.BE.B7.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89"></span>巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:巴巴罗萨行动和苏德战争"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴巴罗萨行动">巴巴罗萨行动</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">苏德战争</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_world_war_europe_animation_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Second_world_war_europe_animation_small.gif" decoding="async" width="247" height="257" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>第二次世界大战欧洲战场局势变化图</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582,_Charkow,_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L20582%2C_Charkow%2C_Strassenk%C3%A4mpfe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>步兵與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="裝甲車">裝甲車</a>正以優勢兵力攻入烏克蘭<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="哈爾科夫">卡爾可夫</a>,隨即與<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>紅軍在街頭爆發戰鬥,攝於1941年10月25日</figcaption></figure> <p>1941年6月22日德國發起<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85%E8%96%A9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴巴羅薩行動">巴巴羅薩行動</a>,聯合其他歐洲軸心國集團的成員國以及芬蘭共同入侵蘇聯,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">苏德战争</a>爆發。目標是期望藉由兵分三路的快速突擊攻佔<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海地區">波羅的海地區</a>、莫斯科和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>,北方主力由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83" title="威廉·馮·里布">里布</a>元帥的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國北方集團軍">德國北方集團軍</a>和芬蘭軍進攻,中路由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B" title="费多尔·冯·博克">博克</a>元帥的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國中央集團軍">德國中央集團軍</a>進攻,南方由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%80%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9" title="格特·馮·倫德施泰特">倫德施泰特</a>元帥的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國南方集團軍">德國南方集團軍</a>下轄<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="曼斯坦因">曼斯坦因</a>等名將和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬尼亞王國">羅馬尼亞</a>軍進攻。最終戰略目標則是在1941年末攻下從<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="阿斯特拉罕">阿斯特拉罕</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%BC%A2%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾漢格爾斯克">阿爾漢格爾斯克</a>所連結的<a href="/wiki/AA%E6%88%B0%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="AA戰線">AA戰線</a>以內範圍,並且能夠有效掌握<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海">白海</a>的周遭交通<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。希特勒的目標是藉由發展成為軍事大國的德國來​​消除蘇聯本身以徹底消滅共產主義,並且藉由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%B8%BD%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="東方總計劃">驅趕當地居民的方式</a>來獲得所謂的「<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="生存空间">生存空間</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;同時德國也希望能夠攻佔蘇聯的重要地區,並且藉由當地的戰略資源進而能夠擊敗德國的其他對手<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯紅軍">蘇聯紅軍</a>在戰爭之前亦有準備戰略<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%94%BB" title="反攻">反攻</a>計畫,但是軸心國部隊發起的巴巴羅薩行動仍迫使<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯最高統帥部">蘇聯最高統帥部</a>只能夠採取<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戰略防衛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Strategic defence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="戰略防衛(页面不存在)">戰略防衛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_defence" class="extiw" title="en:Strategic defence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Strategic defence</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>作戰<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了夏日期間,軸心國成功進佔大量的蘇聯領土並且也造成蘇聯軍方巨大的人員和物資損失,交通幾乎癱瘓。然而到了8月中旬德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="國防軍陸軍總司令部">國防軍陸軍總司令部</a>決定讓漸趨勞累的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" title="中央集團軍">德國中央集團軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4)" title="斯摩棱斯克戰役 (1941年)">暫止發起對於蘇聯的包圍作戰</a>,並且連同<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="第2裝甲軍團 (德國)">第2裝甲軍團</a>一同向烏克蘭以及列寧格勒推進<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。德軍在對<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4)" title="基輔戰役 (1941年)">基輔的攻勢中</a>獲得壓倒性的成功,導致一共有4個蘇聯集團軍遭到圍剿和殲滅,這也讓德軍得以更早占領<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931942%E5%B9%B4)" title="克里米亞戰役 (1941年–1942年)">克里米亞</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次哈爾科夫戰役">烏克蘭東部的工業發達地區</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>將近75%的軸心國部隊以及絕多數原本佈署於法國和地中海中部的空軍部隊陸陸續續轉移到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇戰爭">東線</a><sup id="cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,這促使英國政府重新思考其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5" title="大战略">大戰略</a>計畫<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同年7月英國和蘇聯一同組成反對德國的<a href="/wiki/1941%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E8%98%87%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="1941年英蘇協定">英蘇協定</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同時英國和蘇聯也一起<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%98%87%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="英蘇入侵伊朗">入侵伊朗</a>,以確保<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯走廊(页面不存在)">波斯走廊</a>(Persian Corridor)和伊朗當地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0" title="油田">油田</a>不會落入德軍佔領之下<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了8月英國和美國則一同簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="大西洋宪章">大西洋憲章</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-William_Roger_Louis_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-William_Roger_Louis-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>到了10月,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬蘭</a>軍隊入侵蘇聯佔領<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="冬季戰爭">冬季戰爭</a>前被奪去的領土並發起攻勢更進一步佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BD%97%E6%89%8E%E6%B2%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B" title="彼得罗扎沃茨克">彼得羅扎沃茨克</a>,並威脅<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="摩尔曼斯克">摩尔曼斯克</a>和整個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="卡累利亞">卡累利亞</a>,大量蘇軍被芬蘭牽制;在東線南方,羅馬尼亞軍隊靠著德軍闪电战的威力奪回巴撒拉比亞和北布科維納等過去割讓給蘇聯的領土<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="敖德萨战役 (1941年)">敖德薩戰役</a>重創蘇軍並佔領该市,烏克蘭西南部部份領土被羅馬尼亞佔領,在稍後德羅聯軍成功攻陷<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941942%E5%B9%B4)" title="塞瓦斯托波爾圍城戰 (1941年—1942年)">塞瓦斯托波爾</a>,並且將主要的兵力改調往莫斯科以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="莫斯科戰役">展開進攻</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在經過兩個月的激戰後,德軍部隊幾乎達到莫斯科外圍地區,並隨即包圍莫斯科,莫斯科為蘇聯情報及交通中心,<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯共產黨">蘇聯共產黨</a>總書記<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林">史達林</a>經過思考決定死守城市,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="莫斯科戰役">莫斯科戰役</a>展開,然而經過長期行軍而疲憊不堪的部隊也迫德軍暫緩進攻<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而且遇上嚴寒士兵凍傷十分嚴重。儘管軸心國部隊成功攻佔廣大的領土,然而在這次交戰中並沒有達成主要目標;許多重點城市仍然在蘇聯堅持抵抗下始終無法擊潰(如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">列寧格勒</a>),這也使得蘇聯在之後仍保留相當程度的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事能力(页面不存在)">軍事潛力</a>,德國暫停攻勢也讓蘇聯有喘息的機會,而在巴巴羅薩行動宣告結束之後,也意味著歐洲戰場的閃擊戰階段也已經結束<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>12月初<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="古德里安">古德里安</a>的德軍下令停止对莫斯科的包圍,而亦蘇聯正式動員所有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%82%99%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事後備部隊(页面不存在)">後備部隊</a>並準備與軸心國部隊展開作戰<sup id="cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。蘇聯開始依據<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC" title="理查·佐爾格">理查·佐爾格</a>等間諜所蒐集的資訊陸陸續續將軍隊移往東線準備作戰,期望能夠防止軸心國集團繼續往蘇聯領土進攻,而面對日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="關東軍">關東軍</a>則只佈署最少的兵力來作為警戒用<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時因德國開始受到阻滯,日本放棄了北進。到了12月5日開始蘇聯發了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89#德國進攻階段" title="苏德战争">大規模的反攻作戰</a>,對佈署戰線長達1,000公里的德軍展開攻勢,並成功往西推進100公里—250公里之處<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="太平洋战争爆发"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E5.B9.B3.E6.B4.8B.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89.E7.88.86.E5.8F.91"></span>太平洋战争爆发</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:太平洋战争爆发"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="太平洋战争">太平洋战争</a></div><p>德國1940到1941年在歐洲所獲得的一連串勝利,在某些程度上也鼓勵日本對歐洲各國政府施展壓力。已流亡英國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a>政府同意繼續供應日本由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="荷屬東印度">荷屬東印度</a>所製造的石油,但是拒絕將該殖民地的控制權移交給日本政府。相反的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="维希法国">維琪法國</a>則同意日本繼續占領法屬印度支那<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_5-20230318194744_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_5-20230318194744-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了1941年7月,美國、英國和其他西方國家政府決定以日軍試圖占領中南半島為由而凍結所有來自日本的資產,而提供日本近80%石油的美國也決定嚴格實施石油禁運政策<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這項石油禁運政策促使得日本可能必須放棄其在亞洲的野心計畫、並且逐一暫緩對中國所發起的戰爭或者是以武力攻佔領土的方式來獲取所需要的自然資源。 </p><p>對此日本軍方完全捨棄第一個方案,並且許多軍官認為石油禁運實際上就是對日本展開的潛在「宣戰」<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_USS_Arizona_(BB-39)_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/220px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/330px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/440px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2326" /></a><figcaption>1941年12月7日,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6" title="亞利桑那號戰艦">亚利桑那号战列舰</a>在日本对<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港">珍珠港</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A" title="美國太平洋艦隊">美国太平洋舰队</a>的突袭中沉没</figcaption></figure> <p>對於這種情勢,日本計劃迅速以武力的方式攻佔歐洲位於亞洲的殖民地地區,並隨即建立一個延伸至太平洋中線的大型防衛圈。隨後日本便會盡可能使用在東南亞所獲得的資源,來對遭受第一波攻擊的同盟國軍隊展開防禦作戰<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_5-20230318194744_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_5-20230318194744-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。為了防止之後美國對於日本的作法展開干預,日軍從一開始便策劃對於防衛圈外圍的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A" title="美國太平洋艦隊">美國太平洋艦隊</a>展開殲滅性攻勢<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。於是計畫突襲美軍夏威夷的海軍基地,珍珠港。 </p><p>1941年12月8日(北美地區為12月7日),日本同時對由英國與美國所掌握的東南亞周遭地區和太平洋島嶼<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太平洋戰爭">展開攻勢</a>,在這其中也包括有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件">偷襲位於珍珠港的美國艦隊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬來亞戰役">攻佔泰國和馬來西亞地區</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%A1%9B%E6%88%B0" title="香港保衛戰">占領香港</a>等等<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>這一系列的襲擊促使美國、英國、澳洲、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>和其他同盟國國家正式對日本宣戰,納粹德國、意大利王國和其他簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="三國同盟條約">三國同盟條約</a>》的成員國也作出回應並向美國宣戰。1942年1月美國、英國、蘇聯、中華民國和另外22個小國或者流亡政府一同簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國宣言">聯合國宣言</a>》,在內容中再度申明《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="大西洋宪章">大西洋憲章</a>》的觀點<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而蘇聯本身出自利益考慮,並沒有完全遵守《聯合國宣言》的內容,除了繼續依照過去與日本簽署的協議而對於日軍保持中立的態度<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同時本身對於自決原則也沒有表達正面支持<sup id="cite_ref-William_Roger_Louis_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-William_Roger_Louis-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而從1941年史達林陸陸續續要求丘吉爾以及羅斯福在法國展開「第二戰線」<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中東部戰線當時已經成為歐洲戰區的主要戰場,蘇聯在這次軍事衝突中有將近數百萬的傷亡者,相反的同樣作為同盟國成員的西方國家則大約損失數十萬人。不過丘吉爾和羅斯福則表示他們需要更多的準備時間,在其他同盟國始終無法確保優勢的情況下使得蘇聯只能夠繼續單獨抵抗德軍攻勢,這也使得蘇聯在戰後不斷以此來向西方國家要求賠償<sup id="cite_ref-拉瑞·里斯_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-拉瑞·里斯-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/200px-Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/300px-Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/400px-Japanese_troops_mopping_up_in_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>日军进犯<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E" title="英屬馬來亞">馬來亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9A%86%E5%9D%A1" title="吉隆坡">吉隆坡</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1942年4月日本與其合作國泰國已經幾乎完全占領<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="緬甸">緬甸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E" title="英屬馬來亞">馬來亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE" title="拉包爾">拉包爾</a>等地,盟軍部隊在日軍攻勢下普遍造成嚴重的損失,同時日軍也俘虜大量的囚犯<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。儘管日軍在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1942%E5%B9%B4)" title="科雷吉多島戰役 (1942年)">科雷吉多島</a>當地遭遇強硬抵抗,1942年5月菲律賓最終仍然<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1942%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓戰役 (1941年-1942年)">遭到日軍占領</a>且逼使得<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓自治領">菲律賓自治領</a>政府被迫流亡<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而日本海軍也在在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="馬來亞海戰">南海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="爪哇海海戰">爪哇海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2" title="印度洋空襲">印度洋</a>中獲得勝利,並且成功轟炸盟軍部隊位於澳洲的重要海軍基地<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87_(%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="达尔文 (澳大利亚)">達爾文</a><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這段時間中盟軍對於日本唯一的取得勝利則是中華民國於1942年1月上旬爆發的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="第三次長沙戰役">第三次長沙戰役</a><sup id="cite_ref-未命名_6-20230318194744_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_6-20230318194744-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而獲勝主要原因在於日本過度自信能夠輕易取下勝利,而對於國軍並無完善的準備<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>面對美國海軍開始大力協助英軍運補作業,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="納粹德國海軍">納粹德國海軍</a>決定主動對美國大西洋沿岸所有運輸船隻<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E6%99%82%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次快樂時光">展開攻擊</a><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而儘管德軍已經造成蘇聯極大的人員與物資損失,歐洲軸心國成員停止對於主要佈署在俄羅斯中部和南部地區的蘇聯軍方展開攻勢,相反的開始強化自身對於所占領領土的控制能力<sup id="cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在北非戰場方面,德軍於1月時對英國展開大規模攻勢,一直到2月初英軍才勉強在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%9F%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="加查拉戰役">加查拉戰線</a>中抵禦德軍進攻<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但儘管軸心國集團暫緩部隊的進攻速度,以德國為首的歐洲軸心國仍加緊準備以投入下一波攻勢<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="軸心國停止攻势_(1942年–1943年)"><span id=".E8.BB.B8.E5.BF.83.E5.9C.8B.E5.81.9C.E6.AD.A2.E6.94.BB.E5.8A.BF_.281942.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.931943.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>軸心國停止攻势 (1942年–1943年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:軸心國停止攻势 (1942年–1943年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="太平洋"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E5.B9.B3.E6.B4.8B"></span>太平洋</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:太平洋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png/350px-Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png/525px-Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png/700px-Second_world_war_asia_1937-1942_map_en6.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>日本的推进状况,截至1942年中旬</figcaption></figure> <p>早在1942年5月日本開始發起<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="兩棲作戰">兩棲作戰</a>的<a href="/wiki/MO%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="MO作戰">MO作戰</a>,準備占領<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%B8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莫士比港">莫士比港</a>來阻斷美國和澳洲之間的通訊以及物資流動。然而盟軍成功在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="珊瑚海海战">珊瑚海海戰</a>之中,阻止了日本海軍持續往前推進<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在美軍成功<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="空襲東京">空襲東京</a>之後,日本計劃占領<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6" title="中途島">中途島</a>並引誘美國航空母艦在周遭作戰,期望能夠一次徹底擊潰美國太平洋艦隊的主力;與此同時為了能夠吸引美軍的注意,日本也另外派遣部隊佔領隸屬於阿拉斯加的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="阿留申群島戰役">阿留申群島</a><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。日本軍方將大規模的攻擊計畫設定在6月初展開,然而美國於5月下旬時成功破解日本海軍的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本海軍代碼(页面不存在)">通訊密碼</a>,在充分了解計劃內容和部隊安排後美軍成功憑藉著資訊優勢取得<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中途島海戰">決定性的勝利</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國海軍">大日本帝國海軍</a>在中途島戰役後也勢力大為削減許多<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在積極策劃的中途島戰役反而損失大量航空母艦後,日本改將重點放在自陸地上<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E9%81%94%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%91%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="科科達小徑戰役">發起攻勢佔領</a>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="巴布亞領地">巴布亞領地</a>的莫士比港<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318194744-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而美軍則是計畫對位在日本<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="索羅門群島">索羅門群島</a>南部的軍事基地展開反擊,陸陸續續準備佈署兵力前往<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E5%BA%B7%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜達康納爾島">瓜達康納爾島</a>,同時美軍也希望能夠另外發起攻勢打擊日本在東南亞重要基地的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE" title="拉包爾">拉包爾</a><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>美軍兩項計畫於7月開始展開,然而9月中旬時日本將<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="瓜達爾卡納爾島戰役">瓜達康納爾島</a>列為優先保衛的目標。日本首先將於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%B4%8D-%E5%93%A5%E7%B4%8D%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="布納-哥納戰役(页面不存在)">布納-哥納</a>當地與美國和澳洲部隊作戰的日本新幾內亞部隊撤離,陸陸續續開始將大量兵力從莫士比港地區移往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81_(%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A)" title="北部省 (巴布亚新几内亚)">北部省</a>當地支援<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在瓜達康納爾島成為雙方激烈爭奪地區後,雙方的支援部隊與物資開始紛紛嘗試藉由船艦運送的方式提供。最後到了1943年,日本決定不再繼續增加支援部隊並開始規畫準備撤離<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同一時間,盟軍也開始在緬甸發起數起攻勢。首先在1942年年底之針對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A5%E9%96%8B%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="若開邦攻勢(页面不存在)">若開邦</a>發起作戰行動,然而反遭到日軍的反擊並損失大量人力與物資,最終在1943年5月重新撤退回到印度<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外緬甸戰區的盟軍也派遣<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81%E8%BB%8D%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="緬甸遠征軍特種部隊(页面不存在)">緬甸遠征軍特種部隊</a>(Chindits)在日軍勢力範圍處展開騷擾作戰,並在4月下旬成功獲得些許戰果<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="东线"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E7.BA.BF"></span>东线</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:东线"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>而位在德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD#戰爭轉折階段" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇戰爭">東線戰場</a>部分,軸心國集團成功在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E8%B5%A4%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="刻赤半島戰役">刻赤半島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次卡爾可夫戰役">卡爾可夫</a>中擊敗蘇聯反攻<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1942年6月時,德軍決定對於蘇聯南部地區發起大規模的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="藍色行動">藍色行動</a>,希望藉此佔領高加索地區的油田與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%8F%AD%E5%B7%9E" title="庫班州">庫班</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="沙地(页面不存在)">沙地</a>,同時繼續維持在保北方和中部地區的佔領區統治。為此<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國南方集團軍">德國南方集團軍</a>將自身兵力分成兩大部分,分別是負責攻佔<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E6%B2%B3_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF)" class="mw-redirect" title="頓河 (俄羅斯)">頓河</a>的<a href="/wiki/A%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" title="A集團軍">A集團軍</a>與佔領高加索東南側<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="窩瓦河">窩瓦河</a>一帶的<a href="/wiki/B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" title="B集團軍">B集團軍</a>。另一方面,蘇聯則決定於德軍極有可能攻佔的斯大林格勒進行駐防<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/300px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/450px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/600px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B" title="苏联红军">苏联红军</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="斯大林格勒战役">斯大林格勒战役</a>中展开反击,1943年2月</figcaption></figure> <p>11月中旬時儘管德軍已經<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="斯大林格勒战役">攻下斯大林格勒</a>,然而之後所面臨的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%8E%AE%E6%88%B0" title="城鎮戰">城鎮戰</a>卻使得德軍遭遇苦戰,這時蘇聯也開始準備第二次的冬季反攻計畫<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中蘇聯部隊成功在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="天王星行動">天王星行動</a>包圍德軍絕大多數的部隊勢力,但是在稍後展開的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="火星行動">火星行動</a>中蘇聯卻反而獲得大量的損失<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過在一連串反攻計畫下在1943年2月上旬德國陸軍已經難以繼續維持戰線,其中原本佔領斯大林格勒的德軍部隊宣告投降,而軸心國集團也將前線往回撤到夏季攻勢前的位置<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過同樣在2月下旬,隨著蘇聯部隊的撤離行動反而讓德國對卡爾可夫<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="第三次卡爾可夫戰役">發起攻勢</a>,最後軸心國部隊在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="庫爾斯克">庫爾斯克</a>建立了較為突出的前線陣地<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="西欧/地中海"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.AC.A7.2F.E5.9C.B0.E4.B8.AD.E6.B5.B7"></span>西欧/地中海</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:西欧/地中海"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>另一方面在1941年11月時盟軍於北非發起反攻,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="十字军行动">十字軍行動</a>中成功收復原本德國和義大利的佔領地區<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而為了避免日軍佔領維希法國所統轄的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達加斯加">馬達加斯加</a>作為基地,1942年5月上旬英軍發起<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬達加斯加戰役">佔領攻勢</a><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。稍後軸心國集團成功自利比亞<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%9F%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="加查拉戰役">發起攻勢</a>擊敗同盟國部隊,同時逼使盟軍被迫退回到埃及,雙方最終於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次阿拉曼戰役">阿拉曼</a>當地陷入膠著情況<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在歐洲大陸這一部分,儘管同盟國戰略性派遣<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E6%93%8A%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="突擊隊">突擊隊</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E8%80%B6%E6%99%AE%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="迪耶普戰役">攻佔迪耶普</a>的重要設施,但最後仍然遭到擁有優勢兵力的德軍部隊所擊潰<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這次作戰也使得同盟國部隊了解除非有更好的計畫策劃、武器裝備以及後續規畫,否則西方同盟國並無法發動大規模的入侵行動<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1942年8月,盟軍成功擊潰德軍對阿拉曼發起的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E6%B3%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="阿拉姆哈勒法戰役">第二次攻勢</a><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,但在面臨重大損失以及需要物資補給的情況下英軍發起<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="基座行動(页面不存在)">基座行動</a>援救<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬爾他">馬爾他</a><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。兩個月後盟軍自埃及發起<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次阿拉曼戰役">大規模作戰行動</a>,成功逼使軸心國部隊撤離利比亞而於更西方北非基地駐守<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同一時間英國與美國聯合部隊也跟近占領<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%82%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="火炬行動">法屬北非</a>,這也促使統轄該地區的殖民政府決定加入同盟國行列。面對法國殖民地改投靠同盟國集團的作為,希特勒決定派遣部隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="安東行動">佔領維希法國</a><sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Ross_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Ross-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。雖然對於這違反停戰條約的軍事行動法軍並沒有抵抗,然而法國仍特意<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A%E5%9C%9F%E5%80%AB%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="法國艦隊土倫自沉事件">破壞自己的海軍艦隊</a>以防止納粹德國將其收歸使用<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。隨後<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="德意志非洲軍">德意志非洲軍</a>開始自<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a>當地撤離北非戰場,到了1943年5月同盟國軍隊則<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="突尼西亞戰役">成功佔領該地</a><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="盟軍反擊_(1943年–1944年)"><span id=".E7.9B.9F.E8.BB.8D.E5.8F.8D.E6.93.8A_.281943.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.931944.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>盟軍反擊 (1943年–1944年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:盟軍反擊 (1943年–1944年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg/220px-Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg/330px-Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg/440px-Marines_rest_in_the_field_on_Guadalcanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>參與<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E5%BA%B7%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜達康納爾島戰役">瓜達康納爾島戰役</a>的美國海軍陸戰隊在瓜達康納爾島野外稍作休息,攝於1942年11月</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="瓜達爾卡納爾島戰役">瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役</a>結束之後,盟軍針對日本於太平洋地區的部隊開始展開反擊行動。1943年5月,同盟國軍隊前往阿留申群島與占領當地的日本部隊<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9#盟軍的回應" title="阿留申群島戰役">進行交戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。之後盟軍將其目標轉往拉包爾並開始<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="馬車輪行動">嘗試佔領</a>周遭島嶼以阻礙日軍的補給路線,同一時間也針對太平洋中部日軍所佔領的吉爾伯特及馬紹爾群島<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8F%8A%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="吉爾伯特及馬紹爾群島戰事">展開反擊</a><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1944年3月底時盟軍成功完成這兩個目標,此外也瓦解了日本於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BD%97%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="加罗林群岛">加羅林群島</a>的重要根據地<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="冰雹行動">特魯克島</a>。到了4月時,同盟國部隊決定優先奪回<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="西新几内亚战役">西新幾內亞</a>地區<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>東線戰場方面,德國和蘇聯在1943年春季和夏初都沒有進行作戰,相反的彼此都計畫於蘇聯中部展開大規模攻勢來化解僵局。1943年7月4日,德軍自其戰線突出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="庫爾斯克">庫爾斯克</a>地區展開<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="庫斯克會戰">大規模攻勢行動</a>;然而在蘇聯故意吸引德軍深入再殲滅以及優良的防禦措施準備下,德軍持續一個禮拜的攻勢後便開始被迫撤離<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而儘管德軍在這次會戰中有數次成功取得戰術性成功,然而在希特勒的強烈介入之下反而使得行動提前宣告結束<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在這其中部分原因是由於西方同盟國於7月9日對西西里島<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="西西里島戰役">展開入侵行動</a>,而在這之後一個月後同盟國部隊成功擊潰義大利軍方,並且開始大規模追捕<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="贝尼托·墨索里尼">墨索里尼</a><sup id="cite_ref-未命名_7-20230318194744_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_7-20230318194744-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1943年7月12日蘇聯則發起自己的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%9C%96%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%AB%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="庫圖佐夫行動">反攻作戰</a>,這次行動成功消除了位於東歐的德國部隊期望能夠繼續保持僵局戰況的期望。而自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="库尔斯克会战">库尔斯克会战</a>是以蘇聯勝利結束後,除了意味著德軍於東線的優勢逐漸消逝外<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同時也給蘇聯東線戰場的主動權地位<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。雖然德國試圖匆忙強化佈署的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑豹-沃坦防線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Panther–Wotan line"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%B1%B9-%E6%B2%83%E5%9D%A6%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黑豹-沃坦防線(页面不存在)">黑豹-沃坦防線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panther%E2%80%93Wotan_line" class="extiw" title="en:Panther–Wotan line"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Panther–Wotan line</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(Panther-Wotan line),然而蘇聯軍對仍然自<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1943%E5%B9%B4)" title="斯摩棱斯克戰役 (1943年)">斯摩棱斯克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="下第聶伯河攻勢">第聶伯河</a>展開攻勢,並成功突破德軍於東線的防備<sup id="cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italybombing4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Italybombing4.jpg/250px-Italybombing4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Italybombing4.jpg/375px-Italybombing4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Italybombing4.jpg/500px-Italybombing4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3003" data-file-height="2246" /></a><figcaption>同盟國空軍正在轟炸位在意大利的重要運輸幹道</figcaption></figure> <p>1943年9月西方盟軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="入侵義大利">入侵意大利本土</a>後,意大利政府隨即開始與盟軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="卡西比爾停戰協定">協商停戰事宜</a><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在面臨即將失去意大利部隊協助的情況下,德國派遣部隊試圖奪取意大利部分地區且實施軍事管理<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,並且另外設立一連串的防線駐守著<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時德國特種部隊也在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E6%A0%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="橡树行动">橡樹行動</a>中成功救出墨索里尼,並且盡快將其送往德國占領地區內,另外成立新的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利社會共和國">意大利社會共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在意大利本土經過數場戰鬥後,一直到11月中旬西方盟國的主要部隊才開始與德軍設立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="冬季防線">冬季防線</a>交戰<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而德軍與大西洋海上的作戰也開始受到阻撓,自1943年5月開始盟軍新開發的反潛設備<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_May&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Black May(页面不存在)">成功阻擋</a>德國潛艇的攻勢,而大量德軍潛艇損失也迫使德國海軍暫停在大西洋海上的攻擊行動<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1943年11月,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福">富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫斯頓·邱吉爾">溫斯頓·邱吉爾</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="開羅會議">開羅召開會議</a>,在會議上首次確認了有關日本所佔領土的解決<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而稍後羅斯福、邱吉爾和史達林也則召開<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="德黑兰会议">德黑蘭會議</a>繼續討論戰後問題,其中西方盟國約定將在1944年入侵歐洲大陸,而蘇聯則是同意在德國戰敗後3個月內向日本宣戰<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>從1943年11月日本與中國爆發持續7週的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="常德会战">常德會戰</a>,在這之中中國政府希望能夠迫使日本在戰爭中必須付出極高昂的代價,並且期望同盟國部隊能夠協助中國繼續維持作戰能量<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_6-20230318194744_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_6-20230318194744-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1944年1月盟軍針對義大利戰場的防線發起了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%AB%BE%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西諾戰役">一系列攻勢</a>,甚至希望能藉由兩地<a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="鵝卵石行動">包抄</a>的方式瓦解德軍防線<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318194744-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同樣在東線戰場,蘇聯在1943年年底開始嘗試對包圍<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" title="列宁格勒州">列寧格勒地區</a>的德軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0#蘇聯救援圍困" title="列寧格勒圍城戰">展開攻勢</a>,並在這攻勢中成功結束歷史上持續最長且最致命的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="各式戰爭和衝突的死亡人數列表(页面不存在)">圍攻作戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。隨後蘇聯展開<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92-%E5%A4%A7%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="列寧格勒-大諾夫哥羅德攻勢">列寧格勒-大諾夫哥羅德攻勢</a>以逼使<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國北方集團軍">德國北方集團軍</a>撤離<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>地區,但是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1944%E5%B9%B4)" title="納爾瓦戰役 (1944年)">納爾瓦戰役</a>後成功佔領過去<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次大戰期間德國佔領愛沙尼亞(页面不存在)">德國所統治的愛沙尼亞</a>後短暫停止進攻,並且協助<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="愛沙尼亞流亡政府">愛沙尼亞流亡政府</a>重新掌握政權,而之後針對波羅的海國家作戰時蘇聯也多以這種模式處理<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1944年5月下旬,蘇軍成功攻佔<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2_(1944%E5%B9%B4)" title="克里米亞攻勢 (1944年)">克里米亞</a>,這成功促使位在烏克蘭的軸心國部隊紛紛開始向西方後撤;然而在同一時間蘇聯<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF-%E5%A5%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%99%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="第一次雅西-奇西瑙攻勢">入侵羅馬尼亞</a>時,則反遭到當地駐守的軸心國部隊所擊退<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而同盟國部隊亦在義大利戰場上獲得戰略性勝利,成功促使德軍部隊往北方防線撤離,到了6月4日時成功攻佔羅馬<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而在亞洲戰區上同盟國部隊卻始終沒有獲得更加進一步的進展,其中1944年3月時日本決定從兩個地區展開反擊。首先針對位於英國於印度邊境地區發起<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="英帕尔战役">烏號作戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,並且一度使得英軍部隊在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="英帕尔战役">英帕爾</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%AA%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="科西瑪戰役(页面不存在)">科西瑪</a>遭到圍困。不過在1944年5月時英國軍隊發起反擊,成功逼使日軍撤回緬甸<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_W._Zeiler_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_W._Zeiler-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而在1943年年底時進攻緬甸北部的中華民國部隊也成功將日軍圍困於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="密支那">密支那</a>地區<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面日本也決定強化對於中國入侵行動的進展而發起<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AB%E6%B9%98%E6%A1%82%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="豫湘桂會戰">一號作戰</a>,除了一方面藉此攻勢確保日本所佔地區的交通運輸外,另一方面也期望徹底破壞同盟國提供中國物資的機場設備<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了6月時日本已經佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a>,並且針對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="湖南省">湖南省</a>與長沙一帶<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%A1%A1%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="長衡會戰">展開大規模的攻勢</a><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="盟軍逼近_(1944年)"><span id=".E7.9B.9F.E8.BB.8D.E9.80.BC.E8.BF.91_.281944.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>盟軍逼近 (1944年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:盟軍逼近 (1944年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1944_NormandyLST.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1944_NormandyLST.jpg/250px-1944_NormandyLST.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1944_NormandyLST.jpg/375px-1944_NormandyLST.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1944_NormandyLST.jpg/500px-1944_NormandyLST.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美國陸軍">美國陸軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E5%B8%AB" title="美國陸軍第1步兵師">第1師</a>士兵搭乘<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E8%89%87" title="步兵登陆艇">登陸艇</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98" class="mw-redirect" title="奧馬哈海灘">奧馬哈海灘</a>登陸,攝於1944年6月6日(<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86" title="诺曼底登陆">D-Day</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>1944年6月6日西方盟軍開始大規模<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="諾曼地戰役">入侵法國北部</a><sup id="cite_ref-拉瑞·里斯_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-拉瑞·里斯-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同一時間由美軍和法軍組成的盟軍部隊在重新劃分單位後繼續<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="龍騎兵行動">襲擊法國南部地區</a><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。伴隨著<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86" title="诺曼底登陆">诺曼底登陆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E7%8E%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="霸王行动">霸王行动</a>的成功,駐守在法國的德國陸軍部隊始終無法有效阻擋同盟國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%90%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%85%E5%9C%8D%E6%88%B0" title="法萊斯包圍戰">攻勢</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法國抵抗力量">法國抵抗力量</a>的協助之下,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="自由法國">自由法國</a>於8月25日時宣告成功<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="解放巴黎">解放巴黎</a>;而在整個下半年間,西方同盟國陸續逼迫其他駐守於西歐各國的德國軍隊<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E7%94%B1%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%88%B0%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2" title="盟軍由巴黎到萊茵的推進">撤離</a><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是儘管盟軍部隊從西歐往東進攻的計畫並無遇到大規模阻擋,然而當盟軍部隊企圖空降荷蘭當地的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="市場花園行動">市場花園行動</a>卻以失敗作結束,這使得盟軍原本打算另外自德國北部攻擊的計畫只能暫止<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2002_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2002-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在此之後西方盟軍逐漸往德國逼近,並在嘗試<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="皇后行動(页面不存在)">穿越</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81)" title="魯爾河 (馬士河支流)">魯爾河</a>時遭到德軍較大規模的攻勢阻擋。而原本計畫從義大利往北進攻的盟軍部隊,同樣被最後一個德軍所設下的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="哥德防線">哥德防線</a>所阻擋著。 </p><p>而在6月22日時,蘇聯則發起<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E6%98%82%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴格拉基昂行動">巴格拉基昂行動</a>來向白俄羅斯展開主動進攻,並幾乎摧毀了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國中央集團軍">德國中央集團軍</a>的主要兵力<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在這之後,蘇聯部隊則開始向烏克蘭西部和波蘭東部的德國軍隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB-%E6%A1%91%E5%A4%9A%E6%A2%85%E6%97%A5%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="利沃夫-桑多梅日攻勢">展開攻勢</a>。蘇聯的快速進展促使許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%B6%E9%84%89%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭家鄉軍">波蘭家鄉軍</a>成員開始展開<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="风暴行动">风暴行动</a>,其中又以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="华沙起义">華沙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="斯洛伐克民族起义">斯洛伐克南部地區</a>的反抗聲勢最大。然而在蘇聯沒有積極提供協助的情況下,這些反抗行動紛紛遭到德軍部隊的鎮壓<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。隨後<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯紅軍">蘇聯紅軍</a>戰略性<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF-%E5%A5%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%99%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2_(1944%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88)" class="mw-redirect" title="雅西-奇西瑙攻勢 (1944年8月)">包圍</a>並殲滅了佈署在羅馬尼亞東部的德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="南烏克蘭集團軍">南烏克蘭集團軍</a>部隊,並促使8月23日<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬尼亞王國">羅馬尼亞王國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马尼亚君主列表">國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="米哈伊一世政變">米哈伊一世政變</a>拘捕親德總理安東內斯庫。9月8日<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞王國</a>當地發生政變:蘇聯支持下的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="保加利亚共产党">保共</a>推翻了<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E7%A7%91%E5%A0%A1-%E5%93%A5%E9%81%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克森-科堡-哥達王朝">保加利亞王室</a>,年僅6歲的沙皇<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E7%A7%91%E5%A0%A1-%E5%93%A5%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="西美昂·萨克森-科堡-哥达斯基">西美昂二世</a>被驅逐,攝政王<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="基里爾王子 (保加利亞)">基里尔王子</a>則被槍決。隨後這蘇軍佔領這兩個國家便宣告加入同盟國的行列<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg/250px-Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg/375px-Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg/500px-Lowering_the_flag_on_Zuikaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5702" data-file-height="3995" /></a><figcaption>1944年10月25日,<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E9%B6%B4%E8%99%9F%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%89%A6" title="瑞鶴號航空母艦">瑞鶴號航空母艦</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="雷伊泰灣海戰">雷伊泰灣海戰</a>即將沉沒時下達棄船命令</figcaption></figure> <p>1944年9月蘇聯部隊提前進入南斯拉夫,這項作法一方面成功逼使<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="軸心國佔領希臘時期">佔領希臘</a>的德國部隊迫迅速撤離外,另一方面也促使<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="納粹德國佔領阿爾巴尼亞(页面不存在)">阿爾巴尼亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫人民解放戰爭">南斯拉夫</a>的軸心國部隊遭到孤立<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。為此自1941年開始領導共產黨<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BB%8D%E5%8F%8A%E9%BB%A8%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫人民民族解放軍及黨衛隊">游擊隊</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%93%81%E6%89%98" title="约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托">約瑟普·布羅茲·狄托</a>開始進行更大規模的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD#南斯拉夫遊擊隊的全面進攻" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫人民解放戰爭">游擊行動</a>,最終成功掌控南斯拉夫境內並且阻止德國部隊的進佔。另外蘇聯也提供少數資源協助在塞爾維亞北部的游擊隊反抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="塞爾維亞救國政府">塞爾維亞救國政府</a>部隊,最終兩者在10月20日時一同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="貝爾格勒攻勢">解放首都貝爾格勒</a>。幾天過後蘇聯發動<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="布達佩斯攻勢">大規模進攻</a>,並於1945年2月攻陷德國邊境並<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" title="布達佩斯圍城戰">占領</a>匈牙利的重要城鎮布達佩斯<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但相較於蘇聯在巴爾幹半島地區獲得的一連串勝利,蘇聯在針對芬蘭<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="继续战争">所發起的攻勢</a>之中始終遭遇芬蘭反抗勢力的反擊而無進展,雙方並在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%AF%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%BD" title="卡累利阿地峽">卡累利阿地峽</a>隨即<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A0%A1-%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BE%85%E6%89%8E%E6%B2%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="維堡-彼得羅扎沃茨克攻勢">陷入膠著</a>。最後芬蘭同意以和平且不併吞為前提的情況下於1944年9月簽署<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%81%9C%E6%88%98%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="莫斯科停战协定">莫斯科停戰協定</a>,放棄所有冬季戰爭前的領土,隨後芬蘭隨也<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉普兰战争">轉移</a>到同盟國陣營的行列<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而自7月開始,位在東南亞的英國部隊成功擊退日本發起的大規模攻勢,同時將日軍逼往<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E6%95%A6%E6%B1%9F" title="欽敦江">欽敦江</a>地區駐守,而中國部隊也成功奪回<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="密支那">密支那</a><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是在中國本土則遭到日本嚴重打擊,日軍在6月中旬時成功攻下長沙、並在8月初<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A1%E9%98%B3%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%AB%E6%88%98" title="衡阳保卫战">佔領衡陽</a><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不久之後日軍南下入侵廣西一帶,在11月底時成功擊敗中國軍隊主力並且<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9F%B3%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="桂柳会战">佔領</a>桂林與柳州一帶<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而到了12月底時,日本已經成功建立了聯結中國與印度當地作戰的兵力聯繫<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不過美國在太平洋戰場上則漸漸獲得優勢,並且不斷自太平洋往日本周遭島嶼逼近。1944年6月中旬,美軍開始針對馬里亞納群島及帛琉等地發起一連串的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%B8%95%E5%8B%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬里亞納群島及帕勞戰役">攻勢</a>,並且在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="菲律賓海海戰">菲律賓海海戰</a>中對日本海軍獲得決定性的勝利。一連串的戰事失敗逼使得<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%A2%9D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="東條英機">東條英機</a>辭去日本首相一職,同時美國陸航隊也開始自周遭基地對日本本土發起密集的襲擊。10月下旬美軍部隊成功<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%B0%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="雷伊泰島戰役">佔領菲律賓雷伊泰島</a>,而在作為歷史上最大規模之一的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="雷伊泰灣海戰">雷伊泰灣海戰</a>成功獲得關鍵性勝利<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)"><span id=".E8.BB.B8.E5.BF.83.E5.9C.8B.E5.B4.A9.E6.BD.B0.EF.BC.8C.E5.90.8C.E7.9B.9F.E5.9C.8B.E5.8B.9D.E5.88.A9.281944.E5.B9.B4-1945.E5.B9.B4.29"></span>軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:軸心國崩潰,同盟國勝利(1944年-1945年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:281px;max-width:281px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:57px;max-width:57px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg/55px-FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg/83px-FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg/110px-FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="3969" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:50px;max-width:50px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winston_Churchill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Winston_Churchill.jpg/48px-Winston_Churchill.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Winston_Churchill.jpg/72px-Winston_Churchill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Winston_Churchill.jpg/96px-Winston_Churchill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:57px;max-width:57px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/55px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/83px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/110px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="3090" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:50px;max-width:50px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg/48px-Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg/72px-Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg/96px-Jiang_Jieshi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:57px;max-width:57px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg/55px-General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg/83px-General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-General_Charles_de_Gaulle_in_1945_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">同盟國「五強」主要領袖:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福">羅斯福</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國首相">英國首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔">邱吉爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯共產黨領導人列表">蘇聯共產黨總書記</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">史達林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">中華民國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="國民政府軍事委員會">國民政府軍事委員會</a>委員長<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="自由法國">自由法國</a>領袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E6%A8%82" title="夏爾·戴高樂">戴高樂</a></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yalta_Conference_(Churchill,_Roosevelt,_Stalin)_(B%26W).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/220px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/330px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/440px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="2239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="雅尔塔会议">雅爾達會議</a>中的同盟國領導人於1945年2月拍攝的合照,坐下者由左而右分別為英國首相<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫斯頓·邱吉爾">溫斯頓·邱吉爾</a>、美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福">富蘭克林·羅斯福</a>與蘇聯共產黨總書記<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·斯大林">約瑟夫·斯大林</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg/220px-Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg/330px-Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg/440px-Field_Marshall_Keitel_signs_German_surrender_terms_in_Berlin_8_May_1945_-_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE" title="威廉·凱特爾">威廉·凱特爾</a>於1945年5月9日在德國柏林簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E6%9B%B8" title="德國無條件投降書">德國無條件投降書</a>》</figcaption></figure> <p>1944年12月,德國開始集結剩下的部隊以及後備武力並於阿登發起<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%87%BA%E9%83%A8%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="突出部之役">大規模反擊攻勢</a>,德軍希望德國在進行談判時能夠獲得有利地位。然而到了1月時德軍的攻勢遭到擊退,而德軍也沒有獲得實質上的戰略目標或者是收益<sup id="cite_ref-Danny_Parker_6-8_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danny_Parker_6-8-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Danny_Parker_68-72_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danny_Parker_68-72-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Danny_Parker_329-330_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danny_Parker_329-330-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是在義大利戰場上,盟軍部隊仍然遲遲無法擊敗德軍所佈署的防線。1945年1月中旬蘇聯從波蘭維斯瓦河<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="維斯瓦河-奧德河攻勢">發起進攻</a>,很快的蘇聯軍方便往前推進到德國奧德河處,並且<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="東普魯士攻勢">成功佔領</a>東普魯士<sup id="cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在2月4日時,美國、英國與蘇聯領導高層展開<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="雅爾達會議">雅爾達會議</a><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;除了同意德國投降後將採取分區統治外,而蘇聯也再次確認將會向日本宣戰<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg/220px-Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg/330px-Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg/440px-Reichstag_after_the_allied_bombing_of_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>盟军占领<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88" title="德國國會大廈">德國國會大廈</a>,1945年6月3日</figcaption></figure> <p>到了2月時蘇聯入侵<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="西里西亞攻勢">西里西亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="東波美拉尼亞攻勢">波美拉尼亞</a>,而位於西線的盟軍則將<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" title="中歐會戰">戰線成功推進到</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>處。3月時,盟軍部隊分別自<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="戰利品行動">萊茵河北部</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%B9" title="雷马根">萊茵河南部</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5-%E9%AD%AF%E7%88%BE" title="萊茵-魯爾">魯爾</a>地區渡過萊茵河,並且隨即在魯爾<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E7%88%BE%E5%8C%85%E5%9C%8D%E6%88%B0" title="魯爾包圍戰">成功包圍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8BB%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國B集團軍">德國B集團軍</a>;另一方面,蘇聯紅軍則迅速將東部戰場推進到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。4月初時盟軍部隊終於<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%BD%88%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="葡萄彈行動">突破</a>位在意大利的防線並與將戰線推往德國西側,而在4月下旬時蘇军部隊則成功进入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="柏林戰役">柏林</a>外围。4月25日時,同盟國部隊首次在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%83%E5%B8%AB" title="易北河會師">易北河会师</a>。而到了1945年4月30日<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88" title="德國國會大廈">德國國會大廈</a>遭到蘇聯红军佔領,宣告了納粹德國整個軍事行動的失敗<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender,_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/220px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/330px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/440px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5723" data-file-height="4550" /></a><figcaption>日本外务大臣<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%85%89%E8%91%B5" title="重光葵">重光葵</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6_(BB-63)" title="密蘇里號戰艦 (BB-63)">密苏里号战列舰</a>上签署《<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="降伏文书">降伏文书</a>》,1945年9月2日</figcaption></figure> <p>而在同盟國集團快速往德國推進期間,各國政府的重要領導人也有所變化。此時美國總統羅斯福於4月12日逝世,改由副總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%AD%AF%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="哈瑞·杜魯門">哈瑞·杜魯門</a>繼任職位。而意大利法西斯領導人墨索里尼則是在4月28日時,遭到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="義大利抵抗運動">意大利抵抗運動</a>成員逮捕並擊斃<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_7-20230318194744_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_7-20230318194744-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在兩天之後希特勒則<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒之死">自殺身亡</a>,德國政府則改由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%84%A7%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·鄧尼茨">卡爾·鄧尼茨</a>所繼任<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而軸心國部隊也開始紛紛向盟軍投降,其中在4月29日時駐意大利德軍正式投降,5月7日美英法苏四国攻入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>后德國政府則前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF" title="兰斯">漢斯</a>簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E6%9B%B8" title="德國無條件投降書">德國無條件投降書</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-Mark_Donnelly_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Donnelly-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;不過正式的文件則是5月8日於柏林重新簽署,5月8日這一天也因此訂定為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%90%E6%88%B0%E5%8B%9D%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="第二次世界大戰歐戰勝利紀念日">第二次世界大戰歐戰勝利紀念日</a><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過蘇聯在簽署投降書後仍然遭到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國中央集團軍">德國中央集團軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="布拉格攻勢">反擊</a>,並一直到5月11日才宣告結束<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一方面太平洋戰區美軍部隊則獲得<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓自治領">菲律賓自治領</a>部隊的協助,其中盟軍於1945年1月登陸<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%AE%8B%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="呂宋島戰役">呂宋島</a>,並且在3月時成功攻下<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1945%E5%B9%B4)" title="馬尼拉戰役 (1945年)">馬尼拉</a>。在这<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1944%E5%B9%B4-45%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓戰役 (1944年-45年)">一系列戰役</a>中,虽然美军在总兵力上处于劣势,但在战斗力上处于绝对优势,日军在此阶段遭受了极为巨大的伤亡,残余日軍纷纷退入菲律賓呂宋島、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%98%AD%E8%80%81%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="棉蘭老島戰役">棉蘭老島</a>等人烟稀少島嶼<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1945年5月,以澳洲為主的同盟國部隊<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1945%E5%B9%B4)" title="婆羅洲戰役 (1945年)">登陸</a>婆羅洲,並且藉此成功獲得當地的油田。英軍、美軍和中華民國部隊成功擊敗佈署於緬甸北部的日本部隊,而到了5月3日時英軍成功進佔<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E5%85%89" title="仰光">仰光</a><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在1945年4月6日到6月7日爆發的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="湘西会战">湘西會戰</a>以中国军队的胜利结束后,中國軍隊開始策劃大規模的反擊行動(某些地區更發起了對日軍的局部反攻作戰);而美軍也在3月到6月底這段期間開始進一步往日本本土逼近,陸陸續續佔領<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA%E5%B2%9B%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="硫磺岛战役">硫磺島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="沖繩島戰役">沖繩島</a><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而美國也不斷對日本本土施加壓力,除了派遣大量轟炸機<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="空襲日本">炸毀日本主要城鎮</a>外,同時美軍潛艇也在日本近海<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="太平洋戰爭中的盟軍潛艇(页面不存在)">封鎖</a>其對外的物資進口<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>7月11日時,盟軍領導人前往德國召開<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="波茨坦会议">波茨坦會議</a>。其中在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="波茨坦协定">波茨坦協定</a>》中除了確認有關先前簽署的德國戰後處理外<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同時也重申日本必須接受無條件投降的要求<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過在這次會議之中由於英國進行<a href="/wiki/1945%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="1945年英國大選">國會大選</a>,使得英國首相改由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E7%A4%BC" title="克莱门特·艾德礼">艾德禮</a>接替邱吉爾的職位<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但是由於日本遲遲沒有正面回應《波茨坦協定》的內容,美國政府決定對<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="廣島市">廣島市</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="長崎市">長崎市</a>展開<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">核子轟炸</a>。與此同時蘇聯則依照雅爾達會議的內容進攻日本控制的偽滿洲國,並且順利擊敗擁有日本最大規模兵力的<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="關東軍">關東軍</a>,此外還佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="庫頁島">庫頁島</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>等地<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1945年8月15日日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">宣布投降</a>,並於9月2日在美國最後一艘戰列艦<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6_(BB-63)" title="密蘇里號戰艦 (BB-63)">密蘇里號</a>甲板上簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8" title="降伏文書">降伏文書</a>》,這也意味著第二次世界大戰正式宣告結束<sup id="cite_ref-Mark_Donnelly_245-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Donnelly-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="战後"><span id=".E6.88.98.E5.BE.8C"></span>战後</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:战後"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大战的战后影响">第二次世界大战的战后影响</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/260px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/390px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/520px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2908" data-file-height="1673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="華沙">華沙</a>的廢墟,摄于1945年1月德軍佔領部队<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德军对华沙的破坏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Destruction of Warsaw"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%86%9B%E5%AF%B9%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="德军对华沙的破坏(页面不存在)">对华沙进行計畫性破坏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_Warsaw" class="extiw" title="en:Destruction of Warsaw"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Destruction of Warsaw</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>之後</figcaption></figure> <p>第二次世界大戰結束後,同盟國陸續在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="同盟國軍事佔領奧地利">奧地利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="盟軍佔領下的德國">德國</a>實施統治。其中同盟國在1955年允許奧地利成為永久中立國家,將不會與任何政治集團有所密切交流。而同盟國則將德國領土分成數塊,其中西部由西方盟國所統治、東部則由蘇聯所管轄。同盟國也強烈要求德國社會必須<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="去納粹化">去納粹化</a>,同時開始起訴納粹戰犯以及前納粹黨成員<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E5%80%AB%E5%A0%A1%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="紐倫堡審判">進行審判</a>,不過在政權轉交給西德之後大多是安排赦免,並且嘗試將這些成員重新融入社會環境中<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時德國也被要求歸還自1937年戰爭爆發以來所佔領的四分之一領土,其中位在東部地區的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="西里西亞">西利西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="诺伊马尔克">诺伊马尔克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="波美拉尼亞">波美拉尼亞</a>歸屬波蘭統轄,不過<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="東普魯士">東普魯士</a>的領土分配則引起波蘭與蘇聯的爭執。隨後有將近900萬名<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰後驅逐德國人">德國居民</a>紛紛自歸還區中撤出,同樣在捷克斯洛伐克<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="蘇台德地區">蘇台德地區</a>則有300萬名德國民眾也被迫搬回德國居住。根據1950年代的統計,平均5名德國民眾中有一名為來自東部佔領區的居民。此外蘇聯也分別自波蘭<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E6%9D%BE%E7%B7%9A" title="寇松線">寇松線</a>以東地區<sup id="cite_ref-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、羅馬尼亞東部<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、芬蘭東部以及3個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海國家</a>中獲得部分土地<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-未命名_8-20230318194744_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_8-20230318194744-262"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,但這也至少讓近2萬名波蘭民眾被迫遠離自己的住家<sup id="cite_ref-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43_258-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock,_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg/220px-Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg/330px-Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg/440px-Nuremberg_Trials._Looking_down_on_defendants_dock%2C_circa_1945-1946._-_NARA_-_540127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2951" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="纽伦堡审判">纽伦堡审判</a>的被告们,同盟國軍以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%BD%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="危害人類罪">危害人類罪</a>起訴<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>的政治,軍事,司法和經濟領導地位的重要成員</figcaption></figure> <p>參戰雙方不論戰勝或戰敗皆為戰爭已經付出極為慘痛的代價。同盟國集團為了能夠真正維持之後世界秩序的和平<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,於1945年10月24日正式成立<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">聯合國</a><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,並在1948年通過《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="世界人權宣言">世界人權宣言</a>》來作為各個會員國的共同標準<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過於第二次世界大戰中獲得勝利的國家在聯合國獲得龐大權力,其中美國、蘇聯、中華民國、英國和法國成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">聯合國安全理事會</a>的常任理事國<sup id="cite_ref-聯合國基金會_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-聯合國基金會-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。雖然今日聯合國的常任理事國所提到的地區仍然沒有改變,但實際上管轄的政權則有所變化。其中中國席位則在1971年所通過的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%832758%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國大會2758號決議">聯合國大會2758號決議</a>中,確認由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>代表<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>原席位;而1991年<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>後,則由作為蘇聯繼承國家的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>擔任常任理事國委員的職位。然而在戰爭結束後西方同盟國與蘇聯之間的結盟關係漸漸惡化<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,甚至德國在「事實上」很快便成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7" title="西德">德意志聯邦共和國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="東德">德意志民主共和國</a>兩個獨立國家政權<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_8-20230318194744_262-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_8-20230318194744-262"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。雙方開始將彼此的佔領區劃下統治權邊界,歐洲國家也紛紛被劃分到西方世界或者蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%A2%E5%8A%9B%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D" title="勢力範圍">勢力範圍</a><sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中東歐和中歐國家紛紛納入蘇聯勢力範圍內,這使得蘇聯開始介入其所佔國家的政權結構,並且建立以共產​​黨進行領導的合作政府。不過儘管<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭人民共和國">波蘭人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利人民共和國">匈牙利人民共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克斯洛伐克社會主義共和國">捷克斯洛伐克社會主義共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬尼亞社會主義共和國">羅馬尼亞社會主義共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞社會主義人民共和國">阿爾巴尼亞社會主義人民共和國</a>以及東德紛紛成為蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%BA%B8%E5%9C%8B" title="附庸國">附庸國</a><sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國">南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國</a>則因為堅持完全的獨立而與蘇聯陷入緊張局勢 <sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。很快戰後世界便分成是以美國為首的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a>與以蘇聯為首的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="華沙條約組織">華沙條約組織</a>兩個正式的國際軍事同盟<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,雙方隨即陷入長期政治緊張和軍事競爭的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時期,同一時間也促使了軍備競賽以及代理戰爭概念的出現<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。冷战让全世界都笼罩在核战争的阴影下,美国和欧洲盟国经常举行核战争演习,长期的军备竞赛严重影响各国经济增长,且东西方的民间交流和往来被阻隔长达半个世纪,这些情况直到1991年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>后才得以改变。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg/180px-EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg/270px-EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg/360px-EasternBloc_BorderChange38-48.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>戰後<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>的邊界變化和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="東方集團">東方集團</a>的創立</figcaption></figure> <p>在亞洲地區方面同盟國則達成協議蘇聯能夠吞併<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="庫頁島">庫頁島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>,而由美國領導<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">戰後日本</a>的發展以及統轄<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="太平洋群島託管地">過去日本所佔領的西太平洋島嶼</a><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但另一方面過去由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">日本統治</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜 (称谓)">朝鮮</a>,則在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="盟軍託管時期">盟軍託管時期</a>以38度線劃分成蘇聯管轄的北部地區和美國統轄的南部地區。之後在1948年時這兩個以38度線劃分的地區紛紛宣布自己為朝鮮的合法政府,最終導致了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">韓戰</a>的爆發<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在中國自1946年開始中國國民黨與中國共產黨再度引發<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="國共內戰">國共內戰</a>,最終由中國共產黨贏得內戰並於中國大陸建立<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>,而中華民國政府則於1949年時撤遷到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a><sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在中東方面,阿拉伯國家拒絕<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A181%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国大会181号决议">聯合國大會181號決議</a>中將巴勒斯坦土地重新分配並建立以色列,然而以色列才剛建立隨即爆發<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次中東戰爭">第一次中東戰爭</a>,而戰爭的結果反而更加促使隨後阿拉伯國家與以色列間的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中东战争">衝突</a>。雖然歐洲殖民列強仍然試圖保留其部分過去<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民帝国">殖民帝國</a>,然而戰爭期間所損失的聲望與資源使得這些歐洲國家無法繼續維持統治權力,最終導致亞洲與非洲的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="非殖民化">非殖民化</a>進展<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙帝国">葡萄牙帝国</a>等老牌欧洲殖民帝国也在这一时期逐渐瓦解。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/440px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="戴维·本-古里安">戴维·本-古里安</a>在1948年5月14日的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%8E%85" title="以色列独立厅">獨立廳</a>宣布《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="以色列独立宣言">以色列独立宣言</a>》</figcaption></figure> <p>受到戰爭的影響導致全球各國或多或少都受到影響,其中與其他國家來講美國的經濟並沒有受到嚴重威脅,也進而促使戰後<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%BD%AE" title="嬰兒潮">嬰兒潮</a>的出現。而在1950年時美國人均國內生產總值的發展比其他政府還要來得高,同時美國也有更多能力來主導西方世界的經濟走向<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_9-20230318194744_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_9-20230318194744-281"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。不過在1945年到1948年時,英國和美國的強烈要求<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="德國工業政策(页面不存在)">德國西部工業</a>應該響應裁軍政策<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;然而由於國際貿易彼此之間的相互依存關係,這導致歐洲經濟一度停滯且讓其延遲幾年復甦<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。一直到1948年中期西德進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="德國馬克">貨幣</a>改革政策時逐漸恢復其經濟發展,同時<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="馬歇爾計劃">馬歇爾計劃</a>也成功促使歐洲經濟政策的自由化<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_10-20230318194744-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。之後1948年西德經濟的快速復興得到「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="德國經濟奇蹟">德國經濟奇蹟</a>」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_10-20230318194744-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_10-20230318194744-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同一時間包括義大利和法國的經濟也逐漸恢復正常<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但與此相反的是英國則處於經濟崩潰的狀態<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_10-20230318194744-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同時在這之後持續10年的經濟衰退<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面儘管蘇聯經歷了龐大的人力和物質損失,然而在戰爭結束後產物的製作快速增長<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面在亞洲地區,日本經濟也經歷了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">快速增長</a>,並在1980年代成為世界上最強大的經濟體之一<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而中國則直到1952年才恢復為戰前工業生產<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人員傷亡与战争罪行"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.93.A1.E5.82.B7.E4.BA.A1.E4.B8.8E.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89.E7.BD.AA.E8.A1.8C"></span>人員傷亡与战争罪行</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:人員傷亡与战争罪行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B7%E4%BA%A1%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰各國傷亡統計">第二次世界大戰各國傷亡統計</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="德国战争罪行">德国战争罪行</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%9B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="日军战争罪行">日军战争罪行</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联战争罪行">苏联战争罪行</a></div><p>第二次世界大战导致了诸多战争罪行,其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">南京大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="肅清大屠殺">肅清大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%BB%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="卡廷大屠殺">卡廷大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="馬尼拉大屠殺">馬尼拉大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/731%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="731部队">日軍對中國軍民進行細菌戰</a>,以及最终<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">首次使用原子彈</a>也造成了大量平民伤亡。</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/220px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/330px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/440px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>1937年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">南京大屠殺</a>中,日軍強硬將中國平民押進坑中準備集體活埋</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg/220px-World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg/330px-World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg/440px-World_War_II_Casualties_zh-CN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>第二次世界大战各国伤亡人数统计</figcaption></figure> <p>有關戰爭所導致的總傷亡人數各方估計皆不相同,因為很多人在因故死亡後並沒有留下相關記錄。絕大多數資料估計大約有6,000萬人在戰爭中喪生,其中包括約有2,000萬名<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B7%E4%BA%A1" title="第二次世界大戰戰役的傷亡">士兵</a>和4,000萬名平民,其中許多平民分別死於<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="傳染病">傳染病</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%93%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="餓死">飢餓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="大屠殺列表">大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰期間的戰略轟炸">轟炸</a>和蓄意的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="種族滅絕">種族滅絕</a>政策<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。根據估計損失最大的蘇聯在戰爭中失去將近2,700萬人,其中包括有870萬名軍事人員和1,900萬名平民喪生[1941年初苏联人口统计数为1.967亿(包括新兼并地区),而1946年仅余1.67亿,因此苏联的实际死亡人数应该大于俄国官方公布的数据]<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中因軍事行動而喪生最多的民族則是5,756,000人逝世的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="俄羅斯人">俄羅斯人</a>,稍後排名第2名的民族則是損失1,377,400人的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭族">烏克蘭族</a><sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,平均每4名蘇聯公民便有1人在第二次世界大戰中喪生或者受傷<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面德國最終則損失530萬名軍事成員,其中絕大多是於德蘇戰爭和在德國最後幾場戰役中喪生<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而以第二次世界大戰的傷亡比例來說。軸心國集團其喪生人數大約有15%,而剩餘的85%則是同盟國部隊的喪生人數;在這之中主要是蘇聯和中國的人民,其中許多人是由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%BB%8D%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="德軍戰爭罪行">德國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%9B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="日军战争罪行">日本部隊</a>於占領區實施的戰爭罪行所導致的。根據估計大約有1,100萬名至1,700萬名平民直接或者間接死於納粹思想的政策中<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,其中包括大約有600萬名猶太人因而遭遇系統性的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人大屠殺">種族滅絕式大屠殺</a>,另外還有500萬名<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羅姆人">羅姆人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E5%8F%B2%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹德國同性戀史及大屠殺">同性戀者</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>以及其他種族與少數族群也遭到殺害<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B2%99" title="烏斯塔沙">烏斯塔沙</a>則與軸心國集團合作殺害大量作為少數民族的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="塞爾維亞人">塞爾維亞人</a>、羅姆人和猶太人,而在戰爭結束後<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞">克羅埃西亞</a>平民則<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E5%A0%A1%E9%81%A3%E8%BF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="布萊堡遣返">對此展開報復</a><sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外大約有300萬名到1,000萬名中國平民則是在日本佔領地區及双方交战区域因各种原因非正常死亡<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,在這之中最有名的事件則是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">南京大屠殺</a>,其中有數十萬名中國军民因而遭到殺害<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E6%9D%91%E5%AF%A7%E6%AC%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="岡村寧次">岡村寧次</a>所制定實施的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%89%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="三光政策">三光政策</a>,則導致有200多萬名中國群眾非正常死亡。日本的入侵导致中国年均人口增长数由1927-1937年间大约350-360万降至1937-1945年期间的约310多万<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>軸心國部隊在第二次世界大戰中也有限度的使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="生物武器">生物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學武器">化學藥劑</a>,例如意大利軍方在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">第二次意大利衣索比亞戰爭</a>便嘗試投入芥子氣作戰<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國陸軍">大日本帝國陸軍</a>則在與蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%96%80%E7%BD%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="諾門罕戰役">早期衝突</a><sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">入侵並佔領中國</a>時也使用生物或化學武器協助作戰<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外德國和日本也針對平民施放藥劑來測試武器效果<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,在某些情況​​下也於<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="戰俘">戰俘</a>身上進行實驗<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然許多軸心國的違法行為陸續被送往世界上第一個國際法庭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="軸心國戰爭罪行之審判列表(页面不存在)">進行審判</a>,然而同盟國部隊在第二次世界大戰期間也犯下許多<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="二戰盟軍戰爭罪行(页面不存在)">戰爭罪行</a><sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這其中包括蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB" title="蘇聯的人口轉移">人口轉移政策</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9A%B4%E8%B2%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="嚴責行動(页面不存在)">嚴責行動</a>(Operation Keelhaul)<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%AF%B9%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%B1%E9%80%90" title="第二次世界大战战后对德意志人的驱逐">战后对德意志人的驱逐</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E5%A5%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="占领德国期间的强奸(页面不存在)">占领德国期间的强奸罪行</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%BB%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="卡廷大屠殺">卡廷大屠殺</a>。另外一些大飢荒的死亡人數也可以歸因於戰爭爆發,這包括1943年的<a href="/wiki/1943%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E9%A5%A5%E8%8D%92" title="1943年孟加拉饥荒">孟加拉饑荒</a>和1944年至1945年的<a href="/wiki/1945%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="1945年越南饑荒">越南饑荒</a><sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-315"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="耶克·弗里德里希(页面不存在)">耶克·弗里德里希</a>(Jörg Friedrich)等歷史學家則認為針對敵國領土的平民區<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰期間的戰略轟炸">大規模轟炸</a>的行為也應列為戰爭罪行,這又以日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" title="東京大轟炸">東京</a>和德國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8" title="德累斯顿轰炸">德勒斯登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8" title="汉堡大轰炸">漢堡</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="科隆大轟炸(页面不存在)">科隆</a>最為著名;其中根據統計西方盟國總共造成至少160個城市遭到轟炸,也導致超過60萬名德國平民因而死亡<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="集中营、奴役和屠杀"><span id=".E9.9B.86.E4.B8.AD.E8.90.A5.E3.80.81.E5.A5.B4.E5.BD.B9.E5.92.8C.E5.B1.A0.E6.9D.80"></span>集中营、奴役和屠杀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:集中营、奴役和屠杀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="种族灭绝">种族灭绝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">納粹大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" title="納粹集中營">納粹集中營</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E7%87%9F" title="滅絕營">滅絕營</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="納粹人體實驗">納粹人體實驗</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau,_1944_(Auschwitz_Album)_1b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg/220px-Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg/330px-Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg/440px-Selection_on_the_ramp_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau%2C_1944_%28Auschwitz_Album%29_1b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4205" data-file-height="2814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E8%BE%9B%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%90%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="奥斯维辛集中营">奥斯维辛集中营</a>中的匈牙利犹太人,1944年5月</figcaption></figure> <p>在納粹大屠殺中主要有600萬名<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a>遭到殺害,另外在蓄意滅絕計劃中也導致200萬名<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%B0%8D%E6%96%BC%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%AA%E5%88%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="納粹主義對於波蘭民族的罪刑(页面不存在)">波蘭人民</a>以及400萬名包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="身心障礙">身心障礙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85" class="mw-disambig" title="精神病">精神病患</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%8D%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%AA%E5%88%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="納粹德國對蘇聯戰俘的罪刑(页面不存在)">蘇聯戰俘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="同性戀">同性戀者</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%BF%9F%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="共濟會">共濟會</a>成員、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>與羅姆人等「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="不值得活的生命">不值得活的生命</a>」遭到殺害。另外以東歐為主有1,200萬名民眾被迫成為<a href="/w/index.php?title=OST-Arbeiter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="OST-Arbeiter(页面不存在)">勞工</a>,並且強迫在德國各家工廠內<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8" title="第二次世界大战期间德国统治下的强迫劳动">進行勞動</a><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Marek_317-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Marek-317"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而除了納粹統治下設立的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="集中營">集中營</a>導致大量人員遭到殺害,而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="古拉格">古拉格</a>於各地設立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="勞動營">勞動營</a>也導致德國戰俘以及包括波蘭、立陶宛、拉脫維亞與愛沙尼亞等占領區公民喪生,甚至一些蘇聯公民也因為被懷疑與納粹主義有關而遭到迫害<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。根據統計在戰爭期間有60%的德國戰俘於蘇聯喪生<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy)則表示有將近570萬名戰俘喪生,其中有大約有57%、約360萬人因故喪生或者遭到擊斃<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外蘇聯也將過去遭到德軍俘虜者或者自他處遣返平民視為潛在​​與納粹主義合作者,其中一些受到懷疑的人在經過<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内务人民委员会">內務人民委員會</a>審查後往往遣送古拉格處理<sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-322"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-323"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg/220px-Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg/330px-Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg/440px-Czeslawa-Kwoka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>奥斯维辛集中营中一名14岁的波兰女孩的身份照</figcaption></figure> <p>而日本所設立的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98%E7%87%9F" title="戰俘營">戰俘營</a>與勞改營中也有著極高的死亡率,根據<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="遠東國際軍事法庭">遠東國際軍事法庭</a>的調查發現西方囚犯的死亡率高達27.1%,其中美國戰俘甚至有37%的死亡率<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,這個比例甚至比美軍遭到德國和意大利俘虜者的死亡率還多出7倍<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而在日本投降後所有獲釋的囚犯中,有37,583名來自英國、28,500來自荷蘭以及14,473人來自美國,但中國囚犯僅有56人未被殺害而成功獲釋<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。根據統計在1935年到1941年間,在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%88%E4%BA%9E%E5%B1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="興亞局(页面不存在)">興亞局</a>的規畫下有至少500萬名來自中國北部和滿洲國的平民被迫勞動,這包括在礦山以及軍工廠內勞動;而在1942年以後,日軍強迫中國民眾勞動的人數更迅速增加到1,000萬人之譜<sup id="cite_ref-Zhifen_Ju_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhifen_Ju-328"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會圖書館 (美國)">國會圖書館</a>則在報告中提到在<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="爪哇島">爪哇島</a>有近400萬到100萬名<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E8%80%85_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="勞動者 (第二次世界大戰)(页面不存在)">勞動者</a>被日軍強制工作,而隨後日軍將其中270,000人強迫遷往其他日本佔領的東南亞地區工作,僅留下52,000名勞動者繼續進行先前的工作<sup id="cite_ref-Indonesia_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-329"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日軍在中國大量使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學武器">化學武器</a>和其<a href="/wiki/731%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="731部队">七三一部隊</a>進行活人細菌戰實驗去發展<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="生物武器">生物武器</a>,日軍轟炸機對中國城市狂轟濫炸,大批中國平民死於空襲當中,還把大批中國婦女作為<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="慰安婦">慰安婦</a>,作為日軍士兵的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" title="性奴隸">性奴隸</a>,很多還被虐待至死。 </p><p>在日軍針對<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港">珍珠港</a>實施轟炸後,1942年2月19日羅斯福簽署了<a href="/wiki/9066%E5%8F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="9066号行政命令">9066號行政命令</a>,允許政府強制將數千名居住於美國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="日裔美國人">日裔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="意大利裔美国人">意裔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="德裔美国人">德裔移民</a>強制搬離夏威夷等重要地區<sup id="cite_ref-美國國家公園管理局_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-美國國家公園管理局-330"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-總理辦公室_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-總理辦公室-331"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。隨後美國與加拿大政府陸續下令拘留150,000名日裔美國人<sup id="cite_ref-美國國家公園管理局_330-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-美國國家公園管理局-330"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-總理辦公室_331-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-總理辦公室-331"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,另外有14,000名意大利裔和德裔美國人同樣為了安全理由而被迫拘留<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外在戰爭即將結束之際,同盟國集團在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="雅爾達會議">雅爾達會議</a>上允諾蘇聯能夠要求數百萬名戰俘與平民<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%BC%B7%E8%BF%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯強迫外國人士勞動(页面不存在)">強制勞動</a><sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,甚至匈牙利一直到1955年仍被迫繼續為蘇聯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%BC%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="匈牙利人於蘇聯的勞動(页面不存在)">進行勞動</a><sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="軍事佔領"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E4.BA.8B.E4.BD.94.E9.A0.98"></span>軍事佔領</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:軍事佔領"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmiry_before_execution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Palmiry_before_execution.jpg/220px-Palmiry_before_execution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Palmiry_before_execution.jpg/330px-Palmiry_before_execution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Palmiry_before_execution.jpg/440px-Palmiry_before_execution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>戴著眼罩的波蘭平民在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="帕尔米里大屠杀">在帕尔米里森林中被德軍處決</a>之前拍攝的照片</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg/220px-Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg/330px-Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg/440px-Bergen_Belsen_Liberation_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>英军推土机将尸体推入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%B9-%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%90%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伯根-贝尔森集中营">伯根-贝尔森集中营</a>中的万人坑,1945年4月19日</figcaption></figure> <p>在歐洲大陸,軸心國集團的佔領行動分成兩種非常不同的形式。在包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="低地國">低地國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="波希米亞和摩拉維亞保護國">波希米亞和摩拉維亞保護國</a>等西歐、北歐和中歐紛紛改從德國的經濟政策,其中在戰爭結束後納粹德國成功赚取695億<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="國家馬克">國家馬克</a>,而這還不包括於戰爭期間<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E6%8E%A0%E5%A5%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹掠奪">掠奪</a>的工業製品、軍事設備、原料物資和其他大量貨品等<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中針對這些占領國家德國也紛紛向各國收取自身超過40%的稅收收入,但隨著戰爭的進行德國有將近40%的資金收入都是由其他被佔領國家提供<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_11-20230318194744_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_11-20230318194744-336"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A,_Russland,_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-031-2436-03A%2C_Russland%2C_Hinrichtung_von_Partisanen_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B8%B8%E6%93%8A%E9%9A%8A" title="蘇聯游擊隊">蘇聯游擊隊</a>被德軍絞死。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="俄羅斯科學院">俄羅斯科學院</a>在1995年在德國手中<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰中蘇聯的傷亡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World War II casualties of the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B7%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰中蘇聯的傷亡(页面不存在)">蘇聯平民的傷亡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:World War II casualties of the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World War II casualties of the Soviet Union</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>的報導總數為1370萬人死亡,佔被佔領蘇聯6800萬人的20% </figcaption></figure> <p>另外在東歐地區德國或多或少期望能夠於此獲得更多<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="生存空间">生存空間</a>,然而蘇聯所實施的<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%9C%9F%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="焦土政策">焦土政策</a>使得作為侵略者的德國無法獲取資源<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_11-20230318194744_336-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_11-20230318194744-336"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。與對待所佔領的西方國家相比,納粹德國自身的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹德國的種族政策">種族政策</a>鼓勵部隊向蘇聯人們展開暴行,並且不斷強調擁有斯拉夫血統者即為所謂的「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="次等人類">次等人類</a>」,這也讓德軍往往在作戰的同時也展開<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%B8%BD%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="東方總計劃">大規模的處決行為</a><sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而雖然無論是在西歐或者東歐的佔領區都陸續有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰中的抵抗運動(页面不存在)">抵抗組織</a>出現,但一直到1943年底以前他們並沒有顯著阻礙德國的軍事行動<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一方面在亞洲地區,日本不斷向其所佔領的國家宣傳有關<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E6%A6%AE%E5%9C%88" title="大東亞共榮圈">大東亞共榮圈</a>的構想,並且將日本的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="霸權主義">霸權主義</a>塑造成是為了能解放居住於殖民地的人民<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但儘管最初許多遭到歐洲殖民統治的地區將日軍作為解放者歡迎,然而日本佔領後實施的嚴格社會控制以及對於資源的掠奪往往使得當地居民想法改觀。其中日本在盟軍部隊撤離後所佔領的東南亞地區獲取近4,000,000桶石油,但是到了1943年時在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="荷屬東印度">荷屬東印度</a>的石油生產量增加到5,000萬桶,整整比1940年的生產比率高出76%<sup id="cite_ref-霍斯特·布格_266_341-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-霍斯特·布格_266-341"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大後方與經濟"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.BE.8C.E6.96.B9.E8.88.87.E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>大後方與經濟</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:大後方與經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WomanFactory1940s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/WomanFactory1940s.jpg/220px-WomanFactory1940s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/WomanFactory1940s.jpg/330px-WomanFactory1940s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/WomanFactory1940s.jpg/440px-WomanFactory1940s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7296" data-file-height="5656" /></a><figcaption>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A2%E7%BB%93%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="团结飞机公司">团结飞机公司</a>位在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="沃斯堡">沃斯堡</a>製造廠內操作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E8%A7%92%E8%BB%8A%E5%BA%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="六角車床(页面不存在)">六角車床</a>(Turret lathe)的女工人,攝於1942年10月</figcaption></figure> <p>在戰爭爆發前,西方同盟國集團無論是在人口和經濟都有重要優勢。其中包括英國、法國、波蘭以及英國自治領等西方同盟國相較於德國和意大利等軸心國集團人口多出30%,同時國內生產總值兩者作比較也高出30%。如果將殖民地包括在內,其中同盟國在人數上比例獲得優勢性的五比一,而國內生產總值上也有將近二比一的優勢。而在亞洲地區,儘管中國比起日本有高出將近六倍的人口優勢,其國內生產總值卻僅僅只高出日本89%左右。而隨著日本對外擴展殖民地後中國人口优势下降到只剩三倍,同一時間日本的經濟成長速度使得中國僅高出38%之譜<sup id="cite_ref-Mark_Harrison_3_342-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Harrison_3-342"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不過儘管同盟國有著經濟和人口的優勢,德國和日本最早展開的快速襲擊行動成功降低這些因素的影響力。一直到1942年美國和蘇聯陸續加入同盟國集團後,優勢性的經濟實力與人口數量成為戰爭的關鍵,隨著戰爭的發展開始雙方開始走向消耗戰的趨勢<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_9-20230318194744_281-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_9-20230318194744-281"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外盟軍最終能夠贏過軸心國部隊的原因,除了同盟國能夠比起軸心國獲得更多自然資源外,其他如德國和日本不願投入婦女作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="勞動力">勞動力</a><sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、盟軍戰略性轟炸以及德國戰爭後期<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="战争经济">經濟</a>瓦解也影響到勝負結果<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-344"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外在一開始德國和日本皆知道自身並不適合進行持久戰,因此期望能夠以攻佔領土的方式來獲取更多談判空間<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但隨著戰爭進行為了應付武器裝備的生產,德國和日本也紛紛投入數百萬名勞工<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隸制度">強制工作</a><sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,其中德國自東歐地區獲得1,200萬名的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8" title="第二次世界大战期间德国统治下的强迫劳动">勞動人力</a><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Marek_317-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Marek-317"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而日本也在亞洲各地<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本奴隸(页面不存在)">強迫</a>將近1,800萬人投入生產行列<sup id="cite_ref-Zhifen_Ju_328-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhifen_Ju-328"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indonesia_329-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-329"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科技與戰爭的發展"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E6.8A.80.E8.88.87.E6.88.B0.E7.88.AD.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>科技與戰爭的發展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:科技與戰爭的發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26,_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88,_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-122-26%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_88%2C_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>德國工廠正在大量生產<a href="/wiki/Ju_88%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="Ju 88轟炸機">Ju 88轟炸機</a>,之後這些裝備皆投入東線戰場上,攝於1941年6月25日</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg/250px-RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg/375px-RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg/500px-RIAN_archive_1274_Tanks_going_to_the_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1981" /></a><figcaption>蘇聯軍工廠正在加緊趕工製造即將投入前線的<a href="/wiki/T-34%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="T-34戰車">T-34戰車</a>,攝於1942年</figcaption></figure> <p>第二次世界大戰的爆發促使許多軍事科技的快速發展,這包括有航空、船艦以及陸上武器的發展與應用改革。其中在航空武器方面,各式軍機開始陸續擔負<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B5%E5%AF%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="偵察機">偵查</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰鬥機">戰鬥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="轟炸機">轟炸</a>以及地面支援等任務,同時隨著任務角色的確定促使飛機開始<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">專業化發展</a>。同時對於飛機於戰場的任務性質更加多元,例如開始投入運輸機協助快速<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="空運">運輸</a>高價值性的物資、裝備以及人員等<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,或者是針對平民區與工業區的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" title="戰略轟炸">戰略轟炸</a>來嘗試瓦解對方的士气等<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而隨著針對地面設施的轟炸漸趨頻繁,相關的防空武器也陸陸續續改進或者開發,這包括有以<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雷達">雷達</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%84%E7%82%AE" title="高射炮">高射炮</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%8D%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" title="面對空飛彈">面對空飛彈</a>為主的防禦系統架構,或者是德軍<a href="/wiki/88%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%84%E7%82%AE" title="88毫米高射炮">88毫米高射炮</a>的開發等。此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="噴射機">噴射機</a>也在第二次世界大戰末期首次開發,儘管由於發明過晚而對於戰局沒有立即影響,但是後來噴射引擎成為之後全世界各國空軍的標準配備<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而在海上武器上,航空母艦與潛艇的運用成為之後海戰的主軸。包括針對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%98%AD%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="塔蘭托">塔蘭托</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港">珍珠港</a>與中國南海等突襲行動意味著海上航空武器開始發展,而到了珊瑚海海戰後具有優勢的航空母艦開始被視為戰艦的繼承者<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而大西洋<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E8%88%AA%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%B0" title="护航航空母舰">護航航空母艦</a>的出現證實是盟軍運輸船隊能夠有效抵禦德國海軍的一部分,除了能夠擴展四周的保護半徑外,也能夠有效<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋空隙(页面不存在)">封鎖</a>整個中大西洋海域的通行<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。同時由於航空母艦並不需要配備厚重的裝甲防護<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-357"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,且攻擊的主力是以較低成本的戰鬥機為主,這使得大量航空母艦的投入相比之下較為經濟許多<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另一方面潛艇在第一次世界大戰時已經被視為高經濟利益的武器之一,雙方都將相關的技術列為之後戰爭的重要關鍵之一<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_12-20230318194744_359-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_12-20230318194744-359"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。稍後德國海軍成功在第二次世界大戰爆發後憑此獲得一定優勢,而英國則隨即將以<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="聲納">聲納</a>為主的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%BD%9B%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="反潛作戰">反潛</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%BD%9B%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="反潛武器(页面不存在)">武器</a>與船隊戰術列為重點開發對象,德國則不斷嘗試提高技術層面來開發<a href="/wiki/VII%E7%B4%9A%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="VII級潛艦">VII級潛艦</a>,並且繼續改進<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E7%BE%A4%E6%88%B0%E8%A1%93" title="狼群戰術">狼群戰術</a>的協同作戰能力。但隨著盟軍陸續開發出針對潛艇交戰的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%8F%E6%8E%A2%E7%85%A7%E7%87%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="利式探照燈(页面不存在)">利式探照燈</a>(Leigh light)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E8%9D%9F%E7%A0%B2" title="刺蝟砲">刺蝟砲</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E8%B3%8A_(%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="烏賊 (武器)(页面不存在)">烏賊</a>(Squid)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B24%E5%9E%8B%E9%AD%9A%E9%9B%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克24型魚雷(页面不存在)">馬克24型魚雷</a>(Mark 24 Mine)等設備,最終同盟國逼使得德國潛艇艦隊無法維持優勢地位<sup id="cite_ref-未命名_12-20230318194744_359-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名_12-20230318194744-359"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880,_Peenem%C3%BCnde,_Start_einer_V2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>一枚<a href="/wiki/V-2%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="V-2火箭">V-2火箭</a>從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%86%85%E6%98%8E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="佩内明德">佩內明德</a>的固定地點被發射,1943年6月21日</figcaption></figure> <p>陸地作戰方面則從第一次世界大戰所採取的靜態前線,改往更加強調移動性能和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%85%B5%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="联合兵种">兵種合作</a>的戰鬥模式。而在第一次世界大戰作為火力支援的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" title="坦克">坦克</a>,則在第二次世界大戰中演變成為主要作戰武器之一<sup id="cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_125_360-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_125-360"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。其中從1930年代後期到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰的坦克(页面不存在)">整個第二次世界大戰期間</a>,坦克的設計相較過去更為先進許多,同盟國與軸心國不斷嘗試為自己的坦克改良速度、裝甲和火力等重點項目<sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在戰爭剛爆發時大多數指揮官認為遭遇具有完整配備的坦克時應該要避免作戰,這除了是因為早期小型反坦克武器無法有效貫穿坦克裝甲外,同時也是受到德國避免進行坦克或者反坦克直接作戰的學說影響<sup id="cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_108_362-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_108-362"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在德國結合各式兵器投入戰場之後,成功促使德軍自波蘭到法國戰役中都能夠以閃擊戰獲得勝利<sup id="cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_125_360-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_125-360"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。但隨著戰爭的進展包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%B0%84%E7%81%AB%E5%8A%9B" title="曲射火力">曲射</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="戰車炮">戰車炮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%B5%B0%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="自走炮">自走炮</a>或者是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7" title="反坦克地雷">反坦克地雷</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0" title="反坦克戰">反坦克戰術</a>開始盛行<sup id="cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_108_362-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_108-362"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,這使得在大規模機械化作戰的情況下步兵仍然是重要元素<sup id="cite_ref-363" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-363"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。儘管在整個戰爭期間大多數步兵的配備仍然與第一次世界大戰並無重大差別<sup id="cite_ref-Mariner_Books_734_364-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariner_Books_734-364"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,但是戰爭促使如能夠便利攜帶的<a href="/wiki/MG42%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8D" title="MG42通用機槍">MG42通用機槍</a>等機槍設計、以及適合城鎮或叢林作戰的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E9%8B%92%E6%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="衝鋒槍">衝鋒槍</a>類型的快速發展<sup id="cite_ref-Mariner_Books_734_364-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariner_Books_734-364"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而戰爭後期所發展的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E6%93%8A%E6%AD%A5%E6%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="突擊步槍">突擊步槍</a>則結合了步槍與衝鋒槍的許多功能,並且在第二次世界大戰結束成為許多武裝部隊的標準武器之一<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_device_readied.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trinity_device_readied.jpg/220px-Trinity_device_readied.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trinity_device_readied.jpg/330px-Trinity_device_readied.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trinity_device_readied.jpg/440px-Trinity_device_readied.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="4371" /></a><figcaption>核装置(Gadget)被提升到引爆“發射塔”的頂部;在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州">新墨西哥州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94_(%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97)" title="三位一體 (核試驗)">三位一體核試驗</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9%E9%9D%B6%E5%9C%BA" title="白沙导弹靶场">阿拉莫戈多靶场</a>, 1945年7月</figcaption></figure> <p>另外在第二次世界大戰期間為了能夠獲得優勢,陸陸續續投入自身的科技協助作戰。例如大多數主要交戰國家開始不斷試圖<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="密碼學">破解</a>對方複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密">密碼</a>,並且嘗試透過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E6%9C%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="密碼本(页面不存在)">密碼本</a>等設備強化自己的通訊安全<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。例如在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波兰军情局密码处" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cipher Bureau (Poland)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%86%9B%E6%83%85%E5%B1%80%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰军情局密码处(页面不存在)">波兰军情局密码处</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)" class="extiw" title="en:Cipher Bureau (Poland)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cipher Bureau (Poland)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>的技術協助下英國成功破解<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%AA%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恩尼格瑪密碼機">恩尼格瑪密碼機</a>的密碼<a href="/w/index.php?title=ULTRA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ULTRA(页面不存在)">ULTRA</a><sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、以及日本海軍所使用的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本海軍代碼(页面不存在)">通訊代碼</a>,這些經由破解獲得的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="信號消息(页面不存在)">信號消息</a>(Signals intelligence)成功促使盟軍掌握對方動向<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Schoenherr_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Schoenherr-369"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。另外盟軍也使用大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BA%E9%A8%99" title="欺騙">欺騙</a>的手法來妨礙德軍獲得正確的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1" title="軍事情報">軍事情報</a>,這之中包括英國策劃的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E9%A6%85%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="肉馅行动">肉餡行動</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E9%91%A3%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="保鑣計劃(页面不存在)">保鑣計劃</a>(Operation Bodyguard)等<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Schoenherr_369-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Schoenherr-369"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>其他投入戰爭的工程計畫還包括有<a href="/wiki/Z3" class="mw-disambig" title="Z3">Z3</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="巨人计算机">巨人計算機</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F" title="電子數值積分計算機">電子數值積分計算機</a>等早期<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">電腦</a>設備、<a href="/wiki/V-1%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" title="V-1飛彈">V-1飛彈</a>和<a href="/wiki/V-2%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="V-2火箭">V-2火箭</a>的作戰計畫、發展<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A0%93%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="曼哈頓計劃">曼哈頓計劃</a>、針對軍事作戰進行分析的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="作業研究">作業研究</a>以及協助物資運輸的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A4%B9%E7%A2%BC%E9%A0%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桑椹碼頭(页面不存在)">桑椹碼頭</a>(Mulberry harbour, 人工港口)與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="冥王作戰(页面不存在)">冥王作戰</a>(Operation Pluto, 英吉利海峽下的輸油管道)等<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="青黴素">青黴素</a>是第一次大規模生產並在戰爭期間使用(請參閱<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青黴素的歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of penicillin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="青黴素的歷史(页面不存在)">穩定和大規模生產青黴素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_penicillin" class="extiw" title="en:History of penicillin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of penicillin</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> <div> &#32; <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width: 33.33%;text-align: left;vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战概览列表">第二次世界大战概览列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A4%E4%BA%A1%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="第二次世界大战各国伤亡统计">第二次世界大战各国伤亡统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大戰戰役列表">第二次世界大戰戰役列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战武器装备列表">第二次世界大战武器装备列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%8F%82%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战参战国列表">第二次世界大战参战国列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第三次世界大戰">第三次世界大戰</a></li></ul> <p>&#32; </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="第二次冷战">第二次冷战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">朝鲜战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中国抗日战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="世界大戰">世界大戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="战争列表">战争列表</a></li></ul> <p>&#32; </p> </td> <td> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/32px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/48px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/64px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="1772" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bluetank.png/32px-Bluetank.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ryall, Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/22/japan-and-russia-finally-begin-talks-on-signing-world-war-two-pe/">Japan and Russia finally begin talks on signing World War Two peace treaty</a>. The Telegraph. 2016-06-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0307-1235</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043019/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/22/japan-and-russia-finally-begin-talks-on-signing-world-war-two-pe/">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英国英语网页">(英国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Japan+and+Russia+finally+begin+talks+on+signing+World+War+Two+peace+treaty&amp;rft.aufirst=Julian&amp;rft.aulast=Ryall&amp;rft.date=2016-06-22&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0307-1235&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F06%2F22%2Fjapan-and-russia-finally-begin-talks-on-signing-world-war-two-pe%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sommerville, Donald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/232365751">The complete illustrated history of World War II&#160;: an authoritative account of the deadliest conflicts in human history with analysis of decisive encounters and landmark engagements</a>. London: Lorenz. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7548-1898-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7548-1898-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7548-1898-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/232365751"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;232365751</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft.aulast=Sommerville&amp;rft.btitle=The+complete+illustrated+history+of+World+War+II+%3A+an+authoritative+account+of+the+deadliest+conflicts+in+human+history+with+analysis+of+decisive+encounters+and+landmark+engagements&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7548-1898-4&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Lorenz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F232365751&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F232365751&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-聯合國基金會-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-聯合國基金會_12-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-聯合國基金會_12-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620101548/http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html">The UN Security Council</a>. United Nations Foundation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-06-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+UN+Security+Council&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Foundation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfoundation.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fissues%2Funited-nations%2Fthe-un-security-council.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sharp., Wells, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/868610765">Historical dictionary of World War II&#160;: the war against Germany and Italy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8108-7944-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8108-7944-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8108-7944-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/868610765"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;868610765</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Wells%2C+Anne&amp;rft.aulast=Sharp.&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+World+War+II+%3A+the+war+against+Germany+and+Italy&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7944-7&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F868610765&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868610765&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg20056-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinberg20056_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinberg2005">Weinberg 2005</a>,第6頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 多個指向目標 (3個): CITEREFWeinberg2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Black, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=n0AjalZJQ00C">The Age of Total War, 1860-1945</a>. Praeger Security International. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-05076-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-05076-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-313-05076-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053322/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=n0AjalZJQ00C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft.aulast=Black&amp;rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Total+War%2C+1860-1945&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-05076-3&amp;rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0AjalZJQ00C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chickering, Roger; Förster, Stig; Greiner, Bernd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=evVPoSwqrG4C">A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937-1945</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-83432-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-83432-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-83432-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125055818/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=evVPoSwqrG4C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=F%C3%B6rster%2C+Stig&amp;rft.au=Greiner%2C+Bernd&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rft.aulast=Chickering&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Total+War%3A+Global+Conflict+and+the+Politics+of+Destruction%2C+1937-1945&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-83432-2&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevVPoSwqrG4C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fiscus, James W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=6MTcnkLfDZAC">Critical Perspectives on World War II</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 2004-07-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4042-0065-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4042-0065-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-4042-0065-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043103/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=6MTcnkLfDZAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=James+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Fiscus&amp;rft.btitle=Critical+Perspectives+on+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2004-07-15&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4042-0065-4&amp;rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group%2C+Inc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6MTcnkLfDZAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghuhl, Wernar (2007) <i>Imperial Japan's World War Two</i> Transaction Publishers pp. 7, 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Allen, Thomas B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23694226">World War II&#160;: America at war, 1941-1945</a>. New York: Random House. 1991 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-394-58530-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-394-58530-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0-394-58530-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/23694226"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;23694226</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508132311/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23694226">存档</a>于2022-05-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+II+%3A+America+at+war%2C+1941-1945&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-394-58530-5&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F23694226&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23694226&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A%C2%B7J%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="A·J·P·泰勒">A·J·P·泰勒</a>. Origin Of The Second World War. 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon &amp; Schuster">Simon &amp; Schuster</a>. 1996年4月1日 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780684829479" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0684829479</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Simpson, Elizabeth; Mazal Holocaust Collection. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35172644">The spoils of war&#160;: World War II and its aftermath&#160;: the loss, reappearance, and recovery of cultural property</a>. New York: H.N. Abrams in association with the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8109-4469-3" title="Special:网络书源/0-8109-4469-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0-8109-4469-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35172644"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;35172644</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Mazal+Holocaust+Collection&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&amp;rft.aulast=Simpson&amp;rft.btitle=The+spoils+of+war+%3A+World+War+II+and+its+aftermath+%3A+the+loss%2C+reappearance%2C+and+recovery+of+cultural+property&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8109-4469-3&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=H.N.+Abrams+in+association+with+the+Bard+Graduate+Center+for+Studies+in+the+Decorative+Arts&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F35172644&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35172644&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kellogg, William O. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mKhRlkY278QC">American History the Easy Way</a>. Barrons Educational Series. 2003-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7641-1973-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7641-1973-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7641-1973-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125064613/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mKhRlkY278QC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=William+O.&amp;rft.aulast=Kellogg&amp;rft.btitle=American+History+the+Easy+Way&amp;rft.date=2003-02&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7641-1973-6&amp;rft.pub=Barrons+Educational+Series&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmKhRlkY278QC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eliahu Ben-Horin. The middle East: crossroads of history. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 1943年: 第169頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780241100172" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-241-10017-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A%C2%B7J%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="A·J·P·泰勒">A·J·P·泰勒</a>. How wars begin. 英國: H. Hamilton. 1979年: 第124頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780241100172" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-241-10017-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editor Baer Gabriel. ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES. 英國倫敦: Israel Oriental Society. 1965年: 第191頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Horin1943">Ben-Horin 1943</a>,第169頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBen-Horin1943 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1979">Taylor 1979</a>,第124頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFTaylor1979 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>; Yisreelit, Hevrah Mizrahit (1965). <i>Asian and African Studies</i>, p. 191.<br />For 1941 see <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1961">Taylor 1961</a>,第vii頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFTaylor1961 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>; Kellogg, William O (2003). <i>American History the Easy Way</i>. Barron's Educational Series. p. 236 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7641-1973-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-7641-1973-7">0-7641-1973-7</a>.<br />There is also the viewpoint that both World War&#160;I and World War&#160;II are part of the same "<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Civil_War&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="European Civil War(页面不存在)">European Civil War</a>" or "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Thirty_Years_War&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Thirty Years War(页面不存在)">Second Thirty Years War</a>": <a href="#CITEREFCanfora2006">Canfora 2006</a>,第155頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFCanfora2006 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>; <a href="#CITEREFPrins2002">Prins 2002</a>,第11頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luciano Canfora. Democracy in Europe: A History of an Ideology. 美國霍博肯: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell(页面不存在)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. 2006年1月6日: 第155頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781405111317" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4051-1131-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Prins, Gwyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=maand2Y_wCIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">The Heart of War: On Power, Conflict and Obligation in the Twenty-first Century</a>. Routledge. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-29</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-36961-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-36961-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-36961-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051513/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=maand2Y_wCIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gwyn&amp;rft.aulast=Prins&amp;rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+War%3A+On+Power%2C+Conflict+and+Obligation+in+the+Twenty-first+Century&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-36961-9&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmaand2Y_wCIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D&#73;SBN&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor201210-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor201210_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>,第10頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBeevor2012 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2017/03/10/519462137/in-many-ways-author-says-spanish-civil-war-was-the-first-battle-of-wwii">In Many Ways, Author Says, Spanish Civil War Was 'The First Battle Of WWII<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span></a>. NPR.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2021-04-16</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416013707/https://www.npr.org/2017/03/10/519462137/in-many-ways-author-says-spanish-civil-war-was-the-first-battle-of-wwii">存档</a>于2021-04-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=In+Many+Ways%2C+Author+Says%2C+Spanish+Civil+War+Was+%27The+First+Battle+Of+WWII%27&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NPR.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F03%2F10%2F519462137%2Fin-many-ways-author-says-spanish-civil-war-was-the-first-battle-of-wwii&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Frank, Willard C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201143429/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105814">The Spanish Civil War and the Coming of the Second World War</a>. The International History Review. 1987, <b>9</b> (3): 368–409 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0707-5332</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40105814"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;40105814</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.1987.9640449"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/07075332.1987.9640449</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105814">原始内容</a>存档于2022-02-01) &#8211;通过JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War+and+the+Coming+of+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.au=Frank%2C+Willard+C.&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0707-5332&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&amp;rft.pages=368-409&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40105814&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40105814&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.1987.9640449&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasaya19904-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasaya19904_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMasaya1990">Masaya 1990</a>,第4頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMasaya1990 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507180629/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/2plusfour8994e.htm">History of German-American Relations&#160;» 1989–1994 – Reunification&#160;» "Two-plus-Four-Treaty": Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, September 12, 1990</a>. usa.usembassy.de. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-05-06</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/2plusfour8994e.htm">原始内容</a>存档于7 May 2012).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+German-American+Relations+%C2%BB+1989%E2%80%931994+%E2%80%93+Reunification+%C2%BB+%22Two-plus-Four-Treaty%22%3A+Treaty+on+the+Final+Settlement+with+Respect+to+Germany%2C+September+12%2C+1990&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=usa.usembassy.de&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.usembassy.de%2Fetexts%2F2plusfour8994e.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiatimes.com/2016/12/fact-box-japan-russia-never-signed-wwii-peace-treaty/">Why Japan and Russia never signed a WWII peace treaty</a>. Asia Times. 2016-12-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043216/https://asiatimes.com/2016/12/fact-box-japan-russia-never-signed-wwii-peace-treaty/">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">(美国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Japan+and+Russia+never+signed+a+WWII+peace+treaty&amp;rft.au=Reuters&amp;rft.date=2016-12-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiatimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2Ffact-box-japan-russia-never-signed-wwii-peace-treaty%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Radiophoto, Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/20/archives/texts-of-sovietjapanese-statements-peace-declaration-trade-protocol.html">Texts of Soviet-Japanese Statements; Peace Declaration Trade Protocol</a>. The New York Times. 1956-10-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0362-4331</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043217/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/20/archives/texts-of-sovietjapanese-statements-peace-declaration-trade-protocol.html">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">(美国英语)</span>. <q>The state of war between the U.S.S.R. and Japan ends on the day the present declaration enters into force [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Texts+of+Soviet-Japanese+Statements%3B+Peace+Declaration+Trade+Protocol&amp;rft.aufirst=Associated+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Radiophoto&amp;rft.date=1956-10-20&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F10%2F20%2Farchives%2Ftexts-of-sovietjapanese-statements-peace-declaration-trade-protocol.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gerwarth, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213229/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/paris-peace-treaties-failed-to-create-a-secure-peaceful-and-lasting-world-order-1.3745849">Paris Peace Treaties failed to create a secure, peaceful and lasting world order</a>. The Irish Times. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2021&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/paris-peace-treaties-failed-to-create-a-secure-peaceful-and-lasting-world-order-1.3745849">原始内容</a>存档于14 August 2021) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Paris+Peace+Treaties+failed+to+create+a+secure%2C+peaceful+and+lasting+world+order&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.aulast=Gerwarth&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fheritage%2Fparis-peace-treaties-failed-to-create-a-secure-peaceful-and-lasting-world-order-1.3745849&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/conscription-conscientious-objection-and-pacifism/page-3">Pacifism</a>. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053422/https://teara.govt.nz/en/conscription-conscientious-objection-and-pacifism/page-3">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>. <q>The move towards world war in 1914 sparked an upsurge in pacifist movements, mostly based on Christian ideals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Pacifism&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu+Taonga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fconscription-conscientious-objection-and-pacifism%2Fpage-3&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/social-science/sociology/reform/pacifism/pacifism-in-the-twentieth-century">pacifism</a>. Infoplease. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053414/https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/social-science/sociology/reform/pacifism/pacifism-in-the-twentieth-century">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>. <q>The move towards world war in 1914 sparked an upsurge in pacifist movements, mostly based on Christian ideals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=pacifism&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Infoplease&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fsocial-science%2Fsociology%2Freform%2Fpacifism%2Fpacifism-in-the-twentieth-century&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kantowicz, Edward R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWb8FEvxY2YC">The Rage of Nations</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8028-4455-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8028-4455-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8028-4455-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043312/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWb8FEvxY2YC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&amp;rft.aulast=Kantowicz&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rage+of+Nations&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4455-2&amp;rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWb8FEvxY2YC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="诺曼·戴维斯">諾曼·戴維斯</a>. No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年8月26日: 第134頁至第140頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780143114093" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-311409-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Shaw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=BRvPS51zNGgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0760309396&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=9fz0T5m5BKPcmAWTzZCMBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">World War II Day by Day</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095830/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=BRvPS51zNGgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarto_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarto Group(页面不存在)">Quarto Group</a>. 2000年7月30日: 第35頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780760309391" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7603-0939-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="艾倫·布拉克(页面不存在)">艾倫·布拉克</a>(Alan Bullock). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 1990年11月29日: 第265頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140135640" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-013564-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brody, J. Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0u-1Q-UoeQMC">The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935-1936</a>. Transaction Publishers. 1999-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4128-1777-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4128-1777-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-4128-1777-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043322/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0u-1Q-UoeQMC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+Kenneth&amp;rft.aulast=Brody&amp;rft.btitle=The+Avoidable+War%3A+Pierre+Laval+and+the+Politics+of+Reality%2C+1935-1936&amp;rft.date=1999-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4128-1777-6&amp;rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0u-1Q-UoeQMC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zalampas, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=WrcA0sAqwgsC">Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American Magazines, 1923-1939</a>. Popular Press. 1989 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87972-462-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87972-462-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-87972-462-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043327/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=WrcA0sAqwgsC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Zalampas&amp;rft.btitle=Adolf+Hitler+and+the+Third+Reich+in+American+Magazines%2C+1923-1939&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87972-462-7&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWrcA0sAqwgsC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffery Record. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100411104102/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). DIANE Publishing. 2005年: 第50頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781584872160" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58487-216-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mandelbaum, Michael; Mandelbaum, Professor of Political Science Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=x3MBerNuLnQC">The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1988-09-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-35790-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-35790-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-35790-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053416/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=x3MBerNuLnQC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Mandelbaum%2C+Professor+of+Political+Science+Michael&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Mandelbaum&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+Nations%3A+The+Search+for+National+Security+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&amp;rft.date=1988-09-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-35790-6&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx3MBerNuLnQC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schmitz, David F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tzGouSioyrUC">Henry L. Stimson: The First Wise Man</a>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8420-2632-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8420-2632-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8420-2632-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051611/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tzGouSioyrUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=David+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Schmitz&amp;rft.btitle=Henry+L.+Stimson%3A+The+First+Wise+Man&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2632-1&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzGouSioyrUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kitson, Alison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mwyp6RYFNhsC">Germany, 1858-1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival</a>. Oxford University Press. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-913417-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-913417-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-19-913417-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043409/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mwyp6RYFNhsC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alison&amp;rft.aulast=Kitson&amp;rft.btitle=Germany%2C+1858-1990%3A+Hope%2C+Terror%2C+and+Revival&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-913417-5&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmwyp6RYFNhsC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Adamthwaite, Anthony P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YmleaUJLsqYC">The Making of the Second World War</a>. Psychology Press. 1992 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-90716-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-90716-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-90716-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043416/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YmleaUJLsqYC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&amp;rft.aulast=Adamthwaite&amp;rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-90716-3&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYmleaUJLsqYC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Graham, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-3WlkQbM9HQC">The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction</a>. OUP Oxford. 2005-03-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-280377-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-280377-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-19-280377-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043421/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-3WlkQbM9HQC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft.aulast=Graham&amp;rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&amp;rft.date=2005-03-24&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-280377-1&amp;rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3WlkQbM9HQC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Busky, Donald F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=K5Bxd7sq9KcC">Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-97733-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-97733-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-97733-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051617/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=K5Bxd7sq9KcC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Busky&amp;rft.btitle=Communism+in+History+and+Theory%3A+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+the+Americas&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-97733-7&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK5Bxd7sq9KcC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·普瑞斯頓(页面不存在)">彼得·普瑞斯頓</a>(Peter Preston). Pacific Asia in the Global System: An Introduction. 美國霍博肯: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell(页面不存在)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. 1998年8月14日: 第104頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780631202387" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-20238-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Myers, Ramon H.; Peattie, Mark R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KqNiaX7b4bgC">The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945</a>. Princeton University Press. 1984 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-10222-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-10222-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-691-10222-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051621/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KqNiaX7b4bgC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Peattie%2C+Mark+R.&amp;rft.aufirst=Ramon+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Myers&amp;rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Colonial+Empire%2C+1895-1945&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-10222-1&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKqNiaX7b4bgC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Coogan, Anthony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000186948">The Volunteer Armies of Northeast China</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_Today&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="History Today(页面不存在)">History Today</a>. 1993, <b>43</b> <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2012&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511015311/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000186948">存档</a>于11 May 2012).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+Volunteer+Armies+of+Northeast+China&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony&amp;rft.aulast=Coogan&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=History+Today&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FgoogleScholar.qst%3FdocId%3D5000186948&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Busky, Donald F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communisminhisto0000busk_b6n1">Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas</a>. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-97733-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-97733-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-97733-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Busky&amp;rft.btitle=Communism+in+History+and+Theory%3A+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+the+Americas&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-97733-7&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&amp;rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommunisminhisto0000busk_b6n1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fhdh-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fhdh_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Andrea L. Stanton, Edward Ramsamy, Peter J. Seybolt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia</a>.&#160;: 308 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2014-04-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017080757/https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">存档</a>于2020-10-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Andrea+L.+Stanton%2C+Edward+Ramsamy%2C+Peter+J.+Seybolt&amp;rft.btitle=Cultural+Sociology+of+the+Middle+East%2C+Asia%2C+and+Africa%3A+An+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=308&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGtCL2OYsH6wC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. J. Barker. 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The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix Books(页面不存在)">Phoenix Books</a>. 2007年: 第258頁至第260頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780753821657" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7538-2165-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·布迪安斯基(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·布迪安斯基</a>(Stephen Budiansky). Air Power: The Men, Machines, and Ideas That Revolutionized War, from Kitty Hawk to Gulf War II. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viking_Adult&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Viking Adult(页面不存在)">Viking Adult</a>. 2004年4月12日: 第209頁至第211頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780670032853" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-670-03285-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayne2008">Payne 2008</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFPayne2008 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名-20230318194744-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名-20230318194744_61-0"><sup><b>52.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名-20230318194744_61-1"><sup><b>52.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Fxs3ROaIhPMC">The Cambridge History of China</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1978 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-24338-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-24338-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-24338-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043511/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Fxs3ROaIhPMC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Fairbank%2C+John+King&amp;rft.aufirst=Denis+Crispin&amp;rft.aulast=Twitchett&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-24338-4&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxs3ROaIhPMC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny. <i>The Massacre in History</i>. 1999, page 223-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tot-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tot_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Totten, Samuel. <i>Dictionary of Genocide</i>. 2008, 298–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Taylor, Jay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=03catqbPCmgC">The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China</a>. Harvard University Press. 2009-04-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-03338-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-03338-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-03338-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043516/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=03catqbPCmgC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Jay&amp;rft.aulast=Taylor&amp;rft.btitle=The+Generalissimo%3A+Chiang+Kai-shek+and+the+Struggle+for+Modern+China&amp;rft.date=2009-04-15&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-03338-2&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D03catqbPCmgC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coox, Alvin D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=SIAwKiNRmrAC">Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939</a>. Stanford University Press. 1990 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-1835-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8047-1835-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8047-1835-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043522/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=SIAwKiNRmrAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alvin+D.&amp;rft.aulast=Coox&amp;rft.btitle=Nomonhan%3A+Japan+Against+Russia%2C+1939&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1835-6&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSIAwKiNRmrAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E8%BE%B2%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿默農·莎拉(页面不存在)">阿默農·莎拉</a>(Amnon Sella). Khalkhin-Gol: The Forgotten War. 美國千橡: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="當代史期刊(页面不存在)">當代史期刊</a>》(Journal of Contemporary History). 1983年: 第651頁至第687頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chaney, Otto Preston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zSJjYFyf-MkC">Zhukov</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8061-2807-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8061-2807-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8061-2807-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123192921/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zSJjYFyf-MkC">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Otto+Preston&amp;rft.aulast=Chaney&amp;rft.btitle=Zhukov&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2807-8&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzSJjYFyf-MkC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Collier, Martin; Pedley, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jzUPpLex1joC">Germany 1919-45</a>. Heinemann. 2000 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-435-32721-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-435-32721-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-435-32721-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123192922/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jzUPpLex1joC">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Pedley%2C+Philip&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft.aulast=Collier&amp;rft.btitle=Germany+1919-45&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-435-32721-7&amp;rft.pub=Heinemann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjzUPpLex1joC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). Hitler: 1936-1945: Nemesis. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2001年9月: 第121頁至第122頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393322521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). Hitler: 1936-1945: Nemesis. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2001年9月: 第157頁至第122頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393322521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="诺曼·戴维斯">諾曼·戴維斯</a>. No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年8月26日: 第143頁至第144頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780143114093" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-311409-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cedric James Lowe和F. Marzari. Foreign Policies of the Great Powers: Ital Foreign Pol 1870-1940 V8. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇">Routledge</a>. 2002年7月26日: 第330頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415273725" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-27372-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2002年1月24日: 第674頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198604464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-860446-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachary Shore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gnoc6itLl2EC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0195154592&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=HkT1T-DCGabemAX2l9GWBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">What Hitler Knew: The Battle for Information in Nazi Foreign Policy</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162411/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gnoc6itLl2EC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2002年12月5日: 第108頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780195154597" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-515459-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2002年1月24日: 第608頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198604464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-860446-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/1871-ps.asp">Nazi conspiracy and aggression.</a>. avalon.law.yale.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203114354/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/1871-ps.asp">存档</a>于2017-12-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Nazi+conspiracy+and+aggression.&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=avalon.law.yale.edu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2Fimt%2F1871-ps.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5">TheGerman Campaign In Poland (1939)</a>. Ibiblio.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2017-06-04</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140524013551/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5">存档</a>于2014-05-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=TheGerman+Campaign+In+Poland+%281939%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ibiblio.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FDAP-Poland%2FCampaign-II.html%23chapter5&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibiblio_1939-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibiblio_1939_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html">Major international events of 1939, with explanation</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibiblio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibiblio(页面不存在)">ibiblio.org</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2013-05-15</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310103815/http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html">存档</a>于2013-03-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=Major+international+events+of+1939%2C+with+explanation&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=ibiblio.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fevents%2F1939.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%87%A1%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·艾凡斯(页面不存在)">理查·艾凡斯</a>(Richard J. Evans). The Third Reich at War - How the Nazis Led Germany from Conquest to Disaster. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年: 第1頁至第2頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780713997422" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7139-9742-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="格哈特·溫伯格">格哈特·溫伯格</a>. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 2008年3月28日: 第64頁至第65頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521853163" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-85316-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%91%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·基瑾(页面不存在)">約翰·基瑾</a>(John Keegan). Second World War. 英國倫敦: Pimlico. 1997年11月6日: 第35頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780712673488" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7126-7348-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-I/index.html">HyperWar: War at Sea 1939-1945, Vol. I: The Defensive (UK--History of the Second World War)</a>. www.ibiblio.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227021618/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-I/index.html">存档</a>于2022-02-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=HyperWar%3A+War+at+Sea+1939-1945%2C+Vol.+I%3A+The+Defensive+%28UK--History+of+the+Second+World+War%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ibiblio.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FUK-RN-I%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2005年9月22日: 第248頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780192806703" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-280670-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%9B%E5%8A%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·扎洛加(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·扎洛加</a>(Steven Zaloga). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=oQeAKAjlEwMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841764086&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Clz1T67PJc_RmAXxuMmCBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Poland 1939: The Birth Of Blitzkrieg</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095805/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=oQeAKAjlEwMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%B7%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="魚鷹出版">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年8月19日: 第83頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841764085" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-408-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hempel, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=9SmbqqQfp1gC">Poland in World War II: An Illustrated Military History</a>. Hippocrene Books. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7818-1004-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7818-1004-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7818-1004-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051722/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=9SmbqqQfp1gC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.aulast=Hempel&amp;rft.btitle=Poland+in+World+War+II%3A+An+Illustrated+Military+History&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7818-1004-3&amp;rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9SmbqqQfp1gC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%9B%E5%8A%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·扎洛加(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·扎洛加</a>(Steven Zaloga). Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg. 美國西港(Westport): <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="格林伍德出版集團">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. 2004年2月: 第88頁至第89頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780275982782" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-275-98278-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·布迪安斯基(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·布迪安斯基</a>(Stephen Budiansky). Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2001年: 第120頁至第121頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140281057" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-028105-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Jowett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841763535&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P2D1T9ftHoPomAWirJSbBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Japanese Army 1931-45</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100011/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%B7%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="魚鷹出版">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年1月25日: 第14頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841763538" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-353-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E9%80%A3%E6%81%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湯馬士·連恩(页面不存在)">湯馬士·連恩</a>(Thomas Lane)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿提斯·帕布利克斯(页面不存在)">阿提斯·帕布利克斯</a>(Artis Pabriks)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奧爾迪斯·普爾什(页面不存在)">奧爾迪斯·普爾什</a>(Aldis Purs)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·J·史密斯(页面不存在)">大衛·J·史密斯</a>(David J. Smith). The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇">Routledge</a>. 2002年7月: 第24頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415285803" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-28580-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yaroslav_Bilinsky-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yaroslav_Bilinsky_90-0"><sup><b>81.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaroslav_Bilinsky_90-1"><sup><b>81.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bilinsky, Yaroslav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pbocXztNVsUC">Endgame in NATO's Enlargement: The Baltic States and Ukraine</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-96363-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-96363-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-96363-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043709/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pbocXztNVsUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Yaroslav&amp;rft.aulast=Bilinsky&amp;rft.btitle=Endgame+in+NATO%27s+Enlargement%3A+The+Baltic+States+and+Ukraine&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-96363-7&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpbocXztNVsUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williamson_Murray-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson_Murray_91-0"><sup><b>82.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson_Murray_91-1"><sup><b>82.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC">A War To Be Won: fighting the Second World War</a>. Harvard University Press. 2009-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-04130-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-04130-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-04130-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043714/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+Reed&amp;rft.aufirst=Williamson&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.btitle=A+War+To+Be+Won%3A+fighting+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=2009-06-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-04130-1&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Spring, D. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/151203">The Soviet Decision for War against Finland, 30 November 1939</a>. Soviet Studies. 1986, <b>38</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-5859"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0038-5859</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F151203%3Fuid%3D3737800%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26sid%3D21102529706897"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/151203?uid&#61;3737800&#38;uid&#61;2&#38;uid&#61;4&#38;sid&#61;21102529706897</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028044306/https://www.jstor.org/stable/151203">存档</a>于2022-10-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Decision+for+War+against+Finland%2C+30+November+1939&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Spring&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0038-5859&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F151203&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F151203%3Fuid%3D3737800%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26sid%3D21102529706897&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hanhimäki, Jussi M.; Hanhimaki, Professor of International History Jussi M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWfudYWUOt0C">Containing Coexistence: America, Russia, and the "Finnish Solution"</a>. Kent State University Press. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87338-558-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87338-558-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-87338-558-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043726/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWfudYWUOt0C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Hanhimaki%2C+Professor+of+International+History+Jussi+M.&amp;rft.aufirst=Jussi+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Hanhim%C3%A4ki&amp;rft.btitle=Containing+Coexistence%3A+America%2C+Russia%2C+and+the+%22Finnish+Solution%22&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87338-558-9&amp;rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWfudYWUOt0C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_2-20230318194744-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-0"><sup><b>85.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-1"><sup><b>85.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-2"><sup><b>85.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318194744_94-3"><sup><b>85.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-44317-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-44317-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-44317-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053536/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-44317-3&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJj1glSfifgC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92" title="威廉·勞倫斯·夏伊勒">威廉·劳伦斯·夏伊勒</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%88%E4%BA%A1%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="第三帝國興亡史">第三帝国兴亡史</a>. 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E8%88%87%E8%88%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="西蒙與舒斯特">Simon &amp; Schuster</a>. 1990年11月15日: 第668頁至第669頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780671728687" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_3-20230318194744-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-0"><sup><b>87.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-1"><sup><b>87.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_3-20230318194744_96-2"><sup><b>87.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC">A War To Be Won: fighting the Second World War</a>. Harvard University Press. 2009-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-04130-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-04130-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-04130-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043714/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+Reed&amp;rft.aufirst=Williamson&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.btitle=A+War+To+Be+Won%3A+fighting+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=2009-06-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-04130-1&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安德魯·惠克羅夫特(页面不存在)">安德魯·惠克羅夫特</a>(Andrew Wheatcroft). The Road to War: Revised Edition. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2000年7月1日: 第207頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140285307" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-028530-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="霍斯特·布格(页面不存在)">霍斯特·布格</a>(Horst Boog)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E8%B3%B4%E6%81%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾納·賴恩(页面不存在)">維爾納·賴恩</a>(Werner Rahn)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%B4%E5%9B%A0%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E5%A7%86%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="賴因哈德·斯圖姆夫(页面不存在)">賴因哈德·斯圖姆夫</a>(Reinhard Stumpf). Germany and the Second World War: Volume VI: The Global War. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2001年11月15日: 第311頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198228882" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-822888-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jbQUDBEWPPIC">The Road to Oran: Anglo-French Naval Relations, September 1939-July 1940</a>. Psychology Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-5461-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-5461-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7146-5461-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053510/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jbQUDBEWPPIC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Oran%3A+Anglo-French+Naval+Relations%2C+September+1939-July+1940&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5461-4&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjbQUDBEWPPIC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%8E%E4%BD%9B%E6%A0%BC%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="尼爾.佛格森(页面不存在)">尼爾.佛格森</a>(Niall Ferguson). The War of the World. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2007年10月30日: 第367頁至第417頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780143112396" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-311239-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂莫西·史奈德(页面不存在)">蒂莫西·史奈德</a>(Timothy D. Snyder). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. 2010年10月12日: 第118頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780465002399" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-465-00239-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HW. Koch. Hitler's 'Programme' and the Genesis of Operation 'Barbarossa'. 英國劍橋: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="歷史雜誌(页面不存在)">歷史雜誌</a>》(The Historical Journal). 1983年12月: 第891頁至第920頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_4-20230318194744-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_4-20230318194744_103-0"><sup><b>94.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_4-20230318194744_103-1"><sup><b>94.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roberts, Geoffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC">Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953</a>. Yale University Press. 2006-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-15040-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-15040-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-300-15040-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053514/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft.aulast=Roberts&amp;rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Wars%3A+From+World+War+to+Cold+War%2C+1939-1953&amp;rft.date=2006-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-15040-7&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlRjy4qnH6cC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nigel_Kelly-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nigel_Kelly_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kelly, Nigel; Rees, Rosemary; Shuter, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lEcaGbri-hUC">The Twentieth Century World</a>. Heinemann. 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-435-30983-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-435-30983-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-435-30983-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043818/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lEcaGbri-hUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Rees%2C+Rosemary&amp;rft.au=Shuter%2C+Jane&amp;rft.aufirst=Nigel&amp;rft.aulast=Kelly&amp;rft.btitle=The+Twentieth+Century+World&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-435-30983-1&amp;rft.pub=Heinemann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlEcaGbri-hUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Goldstein, Margaret J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=bv8Q149oiyUC">World War II: Europe</a>. Twenty-First Century Books. 2004-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8225-0139-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8225-0139-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8225-0139-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043823/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=bv8Q149oiyUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Goldstein&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+II%3A+Europe&amp;rft.date=2004-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8225-0139-8&amp;rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbv8Q149oiyUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安德魯·惠克羅夫特(页面不存在)">安德魯·惠克羅夫特</a>(Andrew Wheatcroft). The Road to War: Revised Edition. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2000年7月1日: 第288頁至第289頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140285307" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-028530-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安德魯·惠克羅夫特(页面不存在)">安德魯·惠克羅夫特</a>(Andrew Wheatcroft). The Road to War: Revised Edition. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2000年7月1日: 第328頁至第330頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140285307" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-028530-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Morison, Samuel Eliot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=PfrgDPhLkqcC">History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Victory in the Pacific 1945</a>. University of Illinois Press. 2002-02-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-252-07065-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-252-07065-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-252-07065-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125043827/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=PfrgDPhLkqcC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&amp;rft.aulast=Morison&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+United+States+Naval+Operations+in+World+War+II%3A+Victory+in+the+Pacific+1945&amp;rft.date=2002-02-05&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-252-07065-5&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPfrgDPhLkqcC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Maingot. The United States And The Caribbean: Challenges Of An Asymmetrical Relationship. 美國博爾德: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西景出版社(页面不存在)">西景出版社</a>(Westview Press). 1994年10月18日: 第52頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813322414" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-2241-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈德里·坎特里爾(页面不存在)">哈德里·坎特里爾</a>(Hadley Cantril). America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion. 英國牛津: 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%88%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A" title="公共舆论季刊">公共輿論季刊</a>》(Public Opinion Quarterly). 1940年9月: 第390頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bilhartz, Terry D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7IQoVuNN7zgC">Currents in American History: A Brief History of the United States</a>. Unknown Publisher. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7656-2905-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7656-2905-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7656-2905-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051813/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7IQoVuNN7zgC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry+D.&amp;rft.aulast=Bilhartz&amp;rft.btitle=Currents+in+American+History%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7656-2905-0&amp;rft.pub=Unknown+Publisher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7IQoVuNN7zgC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Knell, Herman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=dwf57uOIU5kC">To Destroy A City: Strategic Bombing And Its Human Consequences In World War 2</a>. Hachette Books. 2009-06-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7867-4849-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7867-4849-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7867-4849-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051818/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=dwf57uOIU5kC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Herman&amp;rft.aulast=Knell&amp;rft.btitle=To+Destroy+A+City%3A+Strategic+Bombing+And+Its+Human+Consequences+In+World+War+2&amp;rft.date=2009-06-16&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7867-4849-5&amp;rft.pub=Hachette+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddwf57uOIU5kC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509150056/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Prelude18.html">Undeclared Naval War in the Atlantic 1941</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Prelude18.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-05-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=Undeclared+Naval+War+in+the+Atlantic+1941&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.sandiego.edu%2Fgen%2FWW2Timeline%2FPrelude18.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2002-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2002_114-0"><sup><b>105.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2002_114-1"><sup><b>105.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2002年1月24日: 第877頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198604464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-860446-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·克羅格(页面不存在)">理查·克羅格</a>(Richard Clogg). A Concise History of Greece. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 2002年7月15日: 第118頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521808729" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-80872-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Jowett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=vrVJAToL35QC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1855328658&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=nLb2T-qOE6fKmAWShZiPBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Italian Army 1940-45 (2): Africa 1940-43</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095534/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=vrVJAToL35QC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2001年1月25日: 第9頁至第10頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781855328655" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85532-865-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97_(%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·布朗 (作家)(页面不存在)">大衛·布朗</a>(David Brown). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=4wNYYkex7A0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0714652059&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Ubf2T8m8G8yVmQXDkoGHBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: Vol.II: November 1940-December 1941</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162701/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=4wNYYkex7A0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 2001年11月29日: 第64頁至第65頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780714652054" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7146-5205-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雅士利·傑克森(页面不存在)">雅士利·傑克森</a>(Ashley Jackson). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cghbp0WbhxAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1852854170&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=27f2T4vNGcucmQWCxqmxBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The British Empire and the Second World War</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162646/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cghbp0WbhxAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum國際出版集團(页面不存在)">Continuum國際出版集團</a>(Continuum International Publishing Group). 2006年5月10日: 第106頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781852854171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85285-417-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%92%82%E9%BB%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="喬·拉蒂默(页面不存在)">喬·拉蒂默</a>(Jon Latimer). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YR_-b8nMsLIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841760927&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ZLn2T-3vEY2CmQWmu-GgBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Tobruk 1941: Rommel's opening move</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100429/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YR_-b8nMsLIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2001年1月25日: 第7頁至第8頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841760926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-092-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E8%A3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉森·默裡(页面不存在)">威廉森·默裡</a>(Williamson Murray)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿倫·米利特(页面不存在)">阿倫·米利特</a>(Allan R. Millett). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0674006801&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=6WT1T9ruGMTqmAXu0_2uBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">A War To Be Won: Fighting the Second World War</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162503/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="哈佛大学出版社">哈佛大學出版社</a>. 2001年11月22日: 第263頁至第267頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674006805" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-00680-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E" title="肯尼斯·麥克塞">肯尼斯·麥克塞</a>. 《隆美爾評傳》(Rommel: Battles And Campaigns). 美國劍橋: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press(页面不存在)">Da Capo Press</a>. 1997年8月22日: 第61頁至第63頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780306807862" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-306-80786-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="格哈特·溫伯格">格哈特·溫伯格</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0521558794&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Km71T4mOIqX6mAXi_OmQBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162525/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 1995年7月28日: 第229頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521558792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-55879-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·沃森 (學者)(页面不存在)">威廉·沃森</a>(William E. Watson). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0275974707&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=abv2T9PwBpHKmAWupbCmBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162703/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國西港(Westport): <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. 2003年6月30日: 第80頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780275974701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-275-97470-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雅士利·傑克森(页面不存在)">雅士利·傑克森</a>(Ashley Jackson). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cghbp0WbhxAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1852854170&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=27f2T4vNGcucmQWCxqmxBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The British Empire and the Second World War</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162646/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cghbp0WbhxAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum國際出版集團(页面不存在)">Continuum國際出版集團</a>(Continuum International Publishing Group). 2006年5月10日: 第154頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781852854171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85285-417-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vance Stewart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xl4E8umwVsEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0865343772&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7b32T7_TFcuOmQWBopCvBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=isbn%3A0865343772&amp;f=false">Three Against One: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin Vs. Adolph Hitler</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162720/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xl4E8umwVsEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). Sunstone Press. 2002年11月1日: 第159頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781852854171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85285-417-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2005年9月22日: 第108頁至第109頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780192806703" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-280670-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安德魯·惠克羅夫特(页面不存在)">安德魯·惠克羅夫特</a>(Andrew Wheatcroft). The Road to War: Revised Edition. 英國西敏: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%81%E9%B5%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="企鵝出版集團.(页面不存在)">企鵝出版集團.</a> 2000年7月1日: 第289頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140285307" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-028530-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony James Joes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IoCsbXb03bUC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0813123399&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=-b72T4-aLKzMmAXUrOGuBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=isbn%3A0813123399&amp;f=false">Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162702/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IoCsbXb03bUC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國萊辛頓: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="肯塔基大學出版社(页面不存在)">肯塔基大學出版社</a>(University Press of Kentucky). 2004年9月: 第224頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813123394" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8131-2339-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E6%AD%A3%E6%B8%85" title="費正清">費正清</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="默爾·高德曼(页面不存在)">默爾·高德曼</a>(Merle Goldman). China: A New History. 美國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="哈佛大学出版社">哈佛大學出版社</a>. 1998年5月: 第320頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674116733" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-11673-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John W. Garver. Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937-1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 1988年9月8日: 第114頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780195054323" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-505432-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="格哈特·溫伯格">格哈特·溫伯格</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0521558794&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Km71T4mOIqX6mAXi_OmQBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162525/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 1995年7月28日: 第195頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521558792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-55879-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E8%BE%B2%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆農·莎拉(页面不存在)">阿姆農·莎拉</a>(Amnon Sella). "Barbarossa": Surprise Attack and Communication. 美國千橡: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="當代史期刊(页面不存在)">當代史期刊</a>》(Journal of Contemporary History). 1978年7月: 第555頁至第583頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). FATEFUL CHOICES: TEN DECISIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD, 1940-1941. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2007年: 第66頁至第69頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780713997125" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7139-9712-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="喬納森·斯坦伯格(页面不存在)">喬納森·斯坦伯格</a>(Jonathan Steinberg). The Third Reich Reflected: German Civil Administration in the Occupied Soviet Union, 1941–4. 英國牛津: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_English_Historical_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The English Historical Review(页面不存在)">The English Historical Review</a>》. 1995年6月: 第620頁至第651頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milan Hauner. Did Hitler Want a World Dominion?. 美國千橡: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="當代史期刊(页面不存在)">當代史期刊</a>》(Journal of Contemporary History). 1978年: 第15頁至第32頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%9B%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E8%8C%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="辛西雅·羅伯茨(页面不存在)">辛西雅·羅伯茨</a>(Cynthia A. Roberts). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09668139508412322#.UgChMay-uCg">Planning for War: The Red Army and the Catastrophe of 1941</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426162659/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09668139508412322#.UgChMay-uCg">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies(页面不存在)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>》. 1995年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="艾倫·威爾特(页面不存在)">艾倫·威爾特</a>(Alan F. Wilt). Hitler's Late Summer Pause in 1941. 《Military Affairs》. 1981年: 第187頁至第191頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·艾瑞克森(页面不存在)">約翰·艾瑞克森</a>(John Erickson). The Road to Stalingrad. 英國: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE_(%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡塞爾 (出版公司)(页面不存在)">卡塞爾</a>(Cassell). 2007年4月1日: 第114頁至第137頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780304365418" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-304-36541-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-大衛·格蘭斯-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-0"><sup><b>130.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-1"><sup><b>130.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-2"><sup><b>130.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-3"><sup><b>130.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大衛·格蘭斯_139-4"><sup><b>130.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·格蘭斯(页面不存在)">大衛·格蘭斯</a>(David Glantz). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617094931/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">The Soviet-German War 1941-1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay</a>. 2001年10月1日 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Farrell, Brian P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2944096">Yes, Prime Minister: Barbarossa, Whipcord, and the Basis of British Grand Strategy, Autumn 1941</a>. The Journal of Military History. 1993, <b>57</b> (4) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0899-3718"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0899-3718</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2944096"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;2944096</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2944096"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/2944096</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006104236/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2944096">存档</a>于2022-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Yes%2C+Prime+Minister%3A+Barbarossa%2C+Whipcord%2C+and+the+Basis+of+British+Grand+Strategy%2C+Autumn+1941&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&amp;rft.aulast=Farrell&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0899-3718&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2944096&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2944096&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2944096&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pravda, Alex; Duncan, Peter J. S.; Alex, Pravda; Affairs, Royal Institute of International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Duv_hZrxcmEC">Soviet-British Relations Since the 1970s</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1990-04-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-37494-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-37494-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-37494-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125055919/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Duv_hZrxcmEC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Affairs%2C+Royal+Institute+of+International&amp;rft.au=Alex%2C+Pravda&amp;rft.au=Duncan%2C+Peter+J.+S.&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft.aulast=Pravda&amp;rft.btitle=Soviet-British+Relations+Since+the+1970s&amp;rft.date=1990-04-26&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-37494-1&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuv_hZrxcmEC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mesquita, Bruce Bueno De; Smith, Alastair; Siverson, Randolph M.; Morrow, James D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=1PlRlcgQdpMC">The Logic of Political Survival</a>. MIT Press. 2005-01-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-262-52440-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-262-52440-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-262-52440-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125074105/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=1PlRlcgQdpMC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Morrow%2C+James+D.&amp;rft.au=Siverson%2C+Randolph+M.&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Alastair&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruce+Bueno+De&amp;rft.aulast=Mesquita&amp;rft.btitle=The+Logic+of+Political+Survival&amp;rft.date=2005-01-14&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-262-52440-7&amp;rft.pub=MIT+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1PlRlcgQdpMC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-William_Roger_Louis-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-William_Roger_Louis_143-0"><sup><b>134.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-William_Roger_Louis_143-1"><sup><b>134.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·羅傑·路易斯(页面不存在)">威廉·羅傑·路易斯</a>(William Roger Louis). More Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain. 美國奧斯丁: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="德克薩斯州大學出版社(页面不存在)">德克薩斯州大學出版社</a>(University of Texas Press). 1998年: 第223頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780292747081" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-292-74708-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald R. Kleinfeld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1988082?uid=3737800&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=21102529706897">Hitler's Strike for Tikhvin</a>. 《Military Affairs》. 1983年10月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Shukman. Stalin's Generals. 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix Books(页面不存在)">Phoenix Books</a>. 2002年3月: 第113頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781842125137" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84212-513-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·格蘭斯(页面不存在)">大衛·格蘭斯</a>(David Glantz). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617094931/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">The Soviet-German War 1941-1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay</a>. 2001年10月1日 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>. "By 1 November it had lost fully 20 percent of its committed strength (686,000 men), up to 2/3 of its 1/2-million motor vehicles, and 65 percent of its tanks. The German Army High Command (OKH) rated its 136 divisions as equivalent to 83 full-strength divisions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E5%9B%A0%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克勞斯·萊因哈特(页面不存在)">克勞斯·萊因哈特</a>(Klaus Reinhardt). Moscow: The Turning Point?: The Failure of Hitler's Strategy in the Winter of 1941-42. 英國牛津: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berg_Publishers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Berg Publishers(页面不存在)">Berg Publishers</a>. 1992年11月30日: 第227頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780854966950" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-85496-695-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell(页面不存在)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1964.tb01744.x/abstract;jsessionid=2467B59AAB654758F3DFFAB9A98536BC.d03t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+4+August+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+BST+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance">The End of the Blitzkrieg</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170301052421/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1964.tb01744.x/abstract;jsessionid=2467B59AAB654758F3DFFAB9A98536BC.d03t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+4+August+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+BST+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟史評論(页面不存在)">經濟史評論</a>》(The Economic History Review). 1964年4月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rotundo, Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1988530">The Creation of Soviet Reserves and the 1941 Campaign</a>. Military Affairs. 1986, <b>50</b> (1) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3931"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0026-3931</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1988530"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;1988530</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1988530"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/1988530</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004125726/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1988530">存档</a>于2022-10-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+Soviet+Reserves+and+the+1941+Campaign&amp;rft.aufirst=Louis&amp;rft.aulast=Rotundo&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0026-3931&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1988530&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1988530&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1988530&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雷蒙·加特霍夫(页面不存在)">雷蒙·加特霍夫</a>(Raymond L. Garthoff). The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945. 《Military Affairs》. 1969年10月: 第312頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Welch, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-Dyb7RFhnVAC">Modern European History, 1871-2000: A Documentary Reader</a>. Routledge. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-21582-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-21582-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-21582-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044114/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-Dyb7RFhnVAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Welch&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+European+History%2C+1871-2000%3A+A+Documentary+Reader&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-21582-4&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Dyb7RFhnVAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_5-20230318194744-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_5-20230318194744_152-0"><sup><b>143.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_5-20230318194744_152-1"><sup><b>143.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005-03-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-61826-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-61826-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-61826-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044120/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2005-03-28&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-61826-7&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlsrAxuWekQC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Anderson, Irvine H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3638003">The 1941 De Facto Embargo on Oil to Japan: A Bureaucratic Reflex</a>. Pacific Historical Review. 1975, <b>44</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8684"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0030-8684</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3638003"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;3638003</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3638003"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/3638003</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119041029/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3638003">存档</a>于2018-11-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+1941+De+Facto+Embargo+on+Oil+to+Japan%3A+A+Bureaucratic+Reflex&amp;rft.aufirst=Irvine+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0030-8684&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3638003&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3638003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3638003&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=M-5feKonuNkC">Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941</a>. Naval Institute Press. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87021-192-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87021-192-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-87021-192-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044130/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=M-5feKonuNkC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Peattie%2C+Mark+R.&amp;rft.aufirst=David+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Evans&amp;rft.btitle=Kaigun%3A+Strategy%2C+Tactics%2C+and+Technology+in+the+Imperial+Japanese+Navy%2C+1887-1941&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87021-192-8&amp;rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM-5feKonuNkC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lightbody, Bradley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tXaaBAK7r7EC">The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis</a>. Psychology Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-22404-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-22404-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-22404-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051913/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tXaaBAK7r7EC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Bradley&amp;rft.aulast=Lightbody&amp;rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War%3A+Ambitions+to+Nemesis&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-22404-8&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXaaBAK7r7EC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Knorr, Klaus Eugen; Morgan, Patrick M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kiVTaqn_Zx4C">Strategic Military Surprise: Iniciatives and Opportunities</a>. Transaction Publishers. 1983 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4128-3521-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4128-3521-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-4128-3521-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051916/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kiVTaqn_Zx4C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Morgan%2C+Patrick+M.&amp;rft.aufirst=Klaus+Eugen&amp;rft.aulast=Knorr&amp;rft.btitle=Strategic+Military+Surprise%3A+Iniciatives+and+Opportunities&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4128-3521-3&amp;rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkiVTaqn_Zx4C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wohlstetter, Roberta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pO4JxYdXP04C">Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision</a>. Stanford University Press. 1962 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-0598-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8047-0598-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8047-0598-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044203/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pO4JxYdXP04C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Roberta&amp;rft.aulast=Wohlstetter&amp;rft.btitle=Pearl+Harbor%3A+Warning+and+Decision&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0598-1&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpO4JxYdXP04C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen A. Mingst和Margaret P. Karns. The United Nations in the 21st Century. 美國博爾德: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西景出版社(页面不存在)">西景出版社</a>(Westview Press). 2006年8月1日: 第22頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813343464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-4346-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dunn, Dennis J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Cm6IH1a4oksC">Caught Between Roosevelt &amp; Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow</a>. University Press of Kentucky. 1998-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8131-7074-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8131-7074-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8131-7074-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044207/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Cm6IH1a4oksC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Dunn&amp;rft.btitle=Caught+Between+Roosevelt+%26+Stalin%3A+America%27s+Ambassadors+to+Moscow&amp;rft.date=1998-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8131-7074-9&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCm6IH1a4oksC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">May, Ernest R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3634575">The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Far Eastern War, 1941-1945</a>. Pacific Historical Review. 1955, <b>24</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8684"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0030-8684</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3634575"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;3634575</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3634575"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/3634575</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006104233/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3634575">存档</a>于2022-10-06). <q>Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our advantage, provided, but only provided, that Russians are confident that will not impair their Western Front.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+United+States%2C+the+Soviet+Union%2C+and+the+Far+Eastern+War%2C+1941-1945&amp;rft.aufirst=Ernest+R.&amp;rft.aulast=May&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0030-8684&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3634575&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3634575&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3634575&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拉瑞·里斯(页面不存在)">拉瑞·里斯</a>(Laurence Rees). World War Two: Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West. 英國: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E4%BC%AF%E7%91%9E%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="埃伯瑞出版公司(页面不存在)">埃伯瑞出版公司</a>(Ebury Publishing). 2012年4月24日: 第99頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781448140459" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4481-4045-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-拉瑞·里斯-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-拉瑞·里斯_162-0"><sup><b>153.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-拉瑞·里斯_162-1"><sup><b>153.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拉瑞·里斯(页面不存在)">拉瑞·里斯</a>(Laurence Rees). World War Two: Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West. 英國: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E4%BC%AF%E7%91%9E%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="埃伯瑞出版公司(页面不存在)">埃伯瑞出版公司</a>(Ebury Publishing). 2012年4月24日: 第99頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781448140459" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4481-4045-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>. "Stalin always believed that Britain and America were delaying the second front so that the Soviet Union would bear the brunt of the war"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Klam, Julie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=H1uZHCLh-hoC">The Rise of Japan and Pearl Harbor</a>. Smart Apple Media. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-58340-188-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-58340-188-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-58340-188-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044220/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=H1uZHCLh-hoC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Julie&amp;rft.aulast=Klam&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Japan+and+Pearl+Harbor&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58340-188-0&amp;rft.pub=Smart+Apple+Media&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1uZHCLh-hoC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621033136/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_29.htm">The Fall of the Philippines-Chapter 29</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_29.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Philippines-Chapter+29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2F5-2%2F5-2_29.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·希爾(页面不存在)">理查·希爾</a>(J. Richard Hill). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2002年10月17日: 第362頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198605270" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-860527-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_6-20230318194744-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_6-20230318194744_166-0"><sup><b>157.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_6-20230318194744_166-1"><sup><b>157.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hsiung, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC">China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937-1945</a>. M.E. Sharpe. 1992-06-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7656-3632-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7656-3632-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7656-3632-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125051922/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=James+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Hsiung&amp;rft.btitle=China%27s+Bitter+Victory%3A+The+War+with+Japan%2C+1937-1945&amp;rft.date=1992-06-10&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3632-4&amp;rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Yt6TTRdUzwC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ahYF-A3oylkC">The History of Japan</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-30296-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-30296-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-313-30296-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123193620/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ahYF-A3oylkC">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Louis+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Perez&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+Japan&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-30296-1&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DahYF-A3oylkC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·古區(页面不存在)">約翰·古區</a>(John Gooch). Decisive Campaigns of the Second World War. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 1990年9月1日: 第52頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780714633695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7146-3369-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrea Molinari. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=v0T2gan40gQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1846030064&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=C6yJ4oj3Dq&amp;sig=h5uzgwhd_MB2lz97s7oFGxgOQkc&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0JQgUN_1FojHmQXkj4CQCA&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Desert raiders: Axis and Allied Special Forces 1940-43</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100103/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=v0T2gan40gQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2007年7月24日: 第91頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781846030062" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84603-006-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mitcham, Samuel W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lQcv5DesWpIC">Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps</a>. Stackpole Books. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8117-3413-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8117-3413-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8117-3413-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053857/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lQcv5DesWpIC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Samuel+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Mitcham&amp;rft.btitle=Rommel%27s+Desert+War%3A+The+Life+and+Death+of+the+Afrika+Korps&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3413-4&amp;rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQcv5DesWpIC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert James Maddox. The United States and World War II. 美國博爾德: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西景出版社(页面不存在)">西景出版社</a>(Westview Press). 1992年1月: 第111頁至第112頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813304366" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-0436-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Salecker, Gene E.; Salecker, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=SlHUI_wWgGAC">Fortress Against The Sun: The B-17 Flying Fortress In The Pacific</a>. Hachette Books. 2007-10-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-306-81715-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-306-81715-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-306-81715-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044316/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=SlHUI_wWgGAC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Salecker%2C+E.&amp;rft.aufirst=Gene+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Salecker&amp;rft.btitle=Fortress+Against+The+Sun%3A+The+B-17+Flying+Fortress+In+The+Pacific&amp;rft.date=2007-10-09&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-306-81715-1&amp;rft.pub=Hachette+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSlHUI_wWgGAC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ropp, Theodore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qFV5u7u4quUC">War in the Modern World</a>. JHU Press. 2000-10-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8018-6445-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8018-6445-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8018-6445-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044321/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qFV5u7u4quUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore&amp;rft.aulast=Ropp&amp;rft.btitle=War+in+the+Modern+World&amp;rft.date=2000-10-02&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6445-2&amp;rft.pub=JHU+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFV5u7u4quUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿德里安·吉爾伯特(页面不存在)">阿德里安·吉爾伯特</a>(Adrian Gilbert). Encyclopedia of Warfare: From Earliest Times...to the Present Day. Lyons Press. 2003年8月1日: 第259頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781592280278" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59228-027-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Swain, Bruce T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gadwyIkiY38C">A Chronology of Australian Armed Forces at War, 1939-45: 1939 - 45</a>. Allen &amp; Unwin. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-74115-074-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-74115-074-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-74115-074-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044339/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gadwyIkiY38C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruce+T.&amp;rft.aulast=Swain&amp;rft.btitle=A+Chronology+of+Australian+Armed+Forces+at+War%2C+1939-45%3A+1939+-+45&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-74115-074-2&amp;rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgadwyIkiY38C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikiso Hane. Modern Japan: A Historical Survey, Third Edition. 美國博爾德: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西景出版社(页面不存在)">西景出版社</a>(Westview Press). 2001年1月: 第340頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813337562" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-3756-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼爾·馬斯頓(页面不存在)">丹尼爾·馬斯頓</a>(Daniel Marston). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=w2QDfg9wUu0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841768820&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=xU7QSTDkWw&amp;sig=YtjnwVTSi21sFr6jk01c--EZnAE&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=pBIjUNjxKaXGmAXQ4oDICg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095944/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=w2QDfg9wUu0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2005年6月12日: 第111頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841768823" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-882-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Brayley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_exswR1uFKMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841762385&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=POKvmndNWa&amp;sig=5r6wUwUeOyoE81YCUmRfywAd1B4&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=fBMjUNWXNIXZmAXOuoHIDw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The British Army 1939-45 (3): The Far East</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100344/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_exswR1uFKMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年9月18日: 第9頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841762388" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-238-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安東尼奧·里德(页面不存在)">安東尼奧·里德</a>(Anthony Read). The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2004年3月: 第764頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393048001" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-04800-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="诺曼·戴维斯">諾曼·戴維斯</a>. No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年8月26日: 第100頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780143114093" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-311409-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Badsey. The Hutchinson Atlas of World War II Battle Plans. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 2000年2月1日: 第235頁至第236頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781579582654" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57958-265-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Black, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=W5aJEqOfN3oC">World War Two: A Military History</a>. Routledge. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-30534-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-30534-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-30534-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053902/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=W5aJEqOfN3oC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft.aulast=Black&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+Two%3A+A+Military+History&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-30534-1&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW5aJEqOfN3oC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬丁·吉爾伯特(页面不存在)">馬丁·吉爾伯特</a>(Martin Gilbert). The Second World War: A Complete History. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·霍爾特出版公司(页面不存在)">亨利·霍爾特出版公司</a>(Henry Holt and Company). 2004年6月1日: 第397頁至第400頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780805076233" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Shukman. Stalin's Generals. 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix Books(页面不存在)">Phoenix Books</a>. 2002年3月: 第142頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781842125137" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84212-513-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E8%BE%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·甘農(页面不存在)">詹姆斯·甘農</a>(James Gannon). Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century. Brassey's. 2002年4月1日: 第76頁 [2012年4月21日查閱].<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781574884739" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57488-473-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·派斯頓(页面不存在)">羅伯特·派斯頓</a>(Robert Paxton). Vichy France: old guard and new order, 1940-1944. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_A._Knopf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred A. Knopf(页面不存在)">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. 1972年: 第313頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780394473604" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-394-47360-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%91%9E%E5%A5%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾曼·瑞奇(页面不存在)">諾曼·瑞奇</a>(Norman Rich). Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 1992年7月1日: 第178頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393008029" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-00802-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Penrose. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=usQ0nt3fgEEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841767794&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=TjXtxD9NrF&amp;sig=AdExtllkdkDIdw6WHs9EOdJg8Kg&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ABsjUNDNF4eHmQXip4DQCg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The D-Day Companion</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095716/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=usQ0nt3fgEEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2004年4月26日: 第129頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841767796" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-779-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Neillands, Robin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=fN1QGObAeoIC">The Dieppe Raid: The Story of the Disastrous 1942 Expedition</a>. Indiana University Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-253-34781-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-253-34781-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-253-34781-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052008/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=fN1QGObAeoIC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin&amp;rft.aulast=Neillands&amp;rft.btitle=The+Dieppe+Raid%3A+The+Story+of+the+Disastrous+1942+Expedition&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-34781-7&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfN1QGObAeoIC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%91%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·基瑾(页面不存在)">約翰·基瑾</a>(John Keegan). Second World War. 英國倫敦: Pimlico. 1997年11月6日: 第277頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780712673488" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7126-7348-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Arthur Thomas. A companion to the Royal Navy. 英國: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_G._Harrap_and_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George G. Harrap and Co.(页面不存在)">George G. Harrap and Co.</a>. 1988年: 第265頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780245545726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-245-54572-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigel Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QNftdEh7hX4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:185532640X&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=0Q8X0eAYGy&amp;sig=KNGAHhmwNqpeRwCGpKkYFQHXxI4&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=8R0jUL_iF4aOiAfQn4GIDg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The German Army 1939-45 (2)&#160;: North Africa &amp; Balkans</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095949/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QNftdEh7hX4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 1998年4月11日: 第8頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781855326408" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85532-640-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_Ross-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Ross_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Ross. American War Plans, 1941-1945: The Test of Battle. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 1997年4月1日: 第38頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780714646343" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7146-4634-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=LTy9V9tQen8C">Warship Boneyards</a>. MBI Publishing Company. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-61060-773-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-61060-773-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-61060-773-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044419/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=LTy9V9tQen8C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=Warship+Boneyards&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61060-773-5&amp;rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLTy9V9tQen8C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="保羅·柯里爾(页面不存在)">保羅·柯里爾</a>(Paul Collier). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=B2ZxH8_IzcAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841765392&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=picEGya6bp&amp;sig=txaP6oD2sgjJZfJxrOYRBXMxiwg&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=QyAjUPKgPMmsiAeZloCQAg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Second World War (4): The Mediterranean 1940-1945</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095938/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=B2ZxH8_IzcAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2003年2月19日: 第11頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841765396" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-539-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thompson, John Herd; Randall, Stephen J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=UVGHdmbzUTwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies</a>. University of Georgia Press. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8203-2403-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8203-2403-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8203-2403-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044441/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=UVGHdmbzUTwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Randall%2C+Stephen+J.&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Herd&amp;rft.aulast=Thompson&amp;rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+United+States%3A+Ambivalent+Allies&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2403-6&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUVGHdmbzUTwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="大卫·肯尼迪">大衛·甘迺迪</a>(David M. Kennedy). Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 1999年5月6日: 第610頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780195038347" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-503834-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rottman, Gordon L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ChyilRml0hcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-31395-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-31395-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-313-31395-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044434/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ChyilRml0hcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Rottman&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+II+Pacific+Island+Guide%3A+A+Geo-military+Study&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-31395-0&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChyilRml0hcC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306082607/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">Soviet Defensive Tactics at Kursk, July 1943</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2008-03-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=Soviet+Defensive+Tactics+at+Kursk%2C+July+1943&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz2%2Fglantz2.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Glantz, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Jh5Ujqu8-4AC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War</a>. Psychology Press. 1989 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-3347-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-3347-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7146-3347-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123193820/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Jh5Ujqu8-4AC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=David+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Glantz&amp;rft.btitle=Soviet+Military+Deception+in+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3347-3&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJh5Ujqu8-4AC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). Hitler: 1936-1945: Nemesis. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2001年9月: 第592頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393322521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_7-20230318194744-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_7-20230318194744_202-0"><sup><b>193.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_7-20230318194744_202-1"><sup><b>193.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Reilly, Charles T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2LBvZPXmmqoC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943-1945</a>. Lexington Books. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7391-0195-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7391-0195-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7391-0195-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052035/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2LBvZPXmmqoC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&amp;rft.btitle=Forgotten+Battles%3A+Italy%27s+War+of+Liberation%2C+1943-1945&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0195-7&amp;rft.pub=Lexington+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2LBvZPXmmqoC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Bellamy. Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_A._Knopf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred A. Knopf(页面不存在)">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. 2007年10月30日: 第595頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780375410864" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-375-41086-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Reilly, Charles T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2LBvZPXmmqoC">Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943-1945</a>. Lexington Books. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7391-0195-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7391-0195-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7391-0195-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044514/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2LBvZPXmmqoC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&amp;rft.btitle=Forgotten+Battles%3A+Italy%27s+War+of+Liberation%2C+1943-1945&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0195-7&amp;rft.pub=Lexington+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2LBvZPXmmqoC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克·希利(页面不存在)">馬克·希利</a>(Mark Healy). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7e7lgen32QMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1855322110&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=o1S3MLAzbJ&amp;sig=vxnmGdkV1XV-aVGltv6rIItZTXA&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=B0QjULzLEuTRmAXIqIBY&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Kursk 1943: The Tide Turns In The East</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105101243/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7e7lgen32QMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%B7%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="魚鷹出版">Osprey Publishing</a>. 1992年5月28日: 第90頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781855322110" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85532-211-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McGowen, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IXcJCEoHCY8C">Assault from the Sea: Amphibious Invasions in the Twentieth Century</a>. Lerner Publications. 2002-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7613-1811-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7613-1811-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7613-1811-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044600/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IXcJCEoHCY8C">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft.aulast=McGowen&amp;rft.btitle=Assault+from+the+Sea%3A+Amphibious+Invasions+in+the+Twentieth+Century&amp;rft.date=2002-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7613-1811-8&amp;rft.pub=Lerner+Publications&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXcJCEoHCY8C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%BD%90%E8%80%B6%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬可·馬佐耶爾(页面不存在)">馬可·馬佐耶爾</a>(Mark Mazower). Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2009年4月1日: 第362頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780141011929" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-101192-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·哈特(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·哈特</a>(Stephen Hart)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅素·哈特(页面不存在)">羅素·哈特</a>(Russell Hart)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9B%89%E5%A3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬舍爾·曉士(页面不存在)">馬舍爾·曉士</a>(Matthew Hughes). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ykyPnalO5twC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0760308462&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=MmNj807Pp0&amp;sig=gT8mDa9SRS205oLL-h7Kc8OdkUI&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=IEcjUPGUIsfbmAXM04HQAw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">German Soldier in World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095859/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ykyPnalO5twC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarto_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarto Group(页面不存在)">Quarto Group</a>. 2000年6月11日: 第151頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780760308462" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7603-0846-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Blinkhorn, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Qb9PAbdq1dEC">Mussolini and Fascist Italy</a>. Routledge. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-10231-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-10231-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-10231-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044535/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Qb9PAbdq1dEC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft.aulast=Blinkhorn&amp;rft.btitle=Mussolini+and+Fascist+Italy&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-10231-5&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQb9PAbdq1dEC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安東尼奧·里德(页面不存在)">安東尼奧·里德</a>(Anthony Read). Fall Of Berlin. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%AC%BD%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈欽森(页面不存在)">哈欽森</a>(Hutchinson). 1992年10月27日: 第129頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780091753375" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-09-175337-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Padfield. War Beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict During World War II. 美國霍博肯: <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%A8%81%E7%AB%8B" title="約翰威立">約翰威立</a>. 1998年3月: 第335頁至第356頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780471249450" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-471-24945-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">IRIYE, Akira; Iriye, Akira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=FmZ6zRR9X5sC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1841-1945</a>. Harvard University Press. 2009-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-03897-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-03897-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-03897-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125053906/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=FmZ6zRR9X5sC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Iriye%2C+Akira&amp;rft.aufirst=Akira&amp;rft.aulast=IRIYE&amp;rft.btitle=Power+and+Culture%3A+The+Japanese-American+War%2C+1841-1945&amp;rft.date=2009-06-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-03897-4&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmZ6zRR9X5sC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Polley. An A-Z of Modern Europe Since 1789. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇">Routledge</a>. 2000年10月14日: 第148頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415185981" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-18598-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·格蘭斯(页面不存在)">大衛·格蘭斯</a>(David Glantz). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=fGPBOAatMycC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0760309418&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=NZqYW4tlFF&amp;sig=-OjVNSrItQHTT11AKVx6wJoAE3w&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=QkwjUP--EM73mAWPs4GgBw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Siege of Leningrad 1941-44: 900 Days of Terror</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105101215/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=fGPBOAatMycC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarto_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarto Group(页面不存在)">Quarto Group</a>. 2001年3月15日: 第166頁至第169頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780760309414" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7603-0941-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·格蘭斯(页面不存在)">大衛·格蘭斯</a>(David Glantz). The Battle for Leningrad, 1941-1944. 美國勞倫斯(Lawrence): <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="堪薩斯大學出版社(页面不存在)">堪薩斯大學出版社</a>(University Press of Kansas). 2002年11月1日 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780700612086" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7006-1208-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chubarov, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=VIW1nG6TnZMC">Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras</a>. A&amp;C Black. 2001-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8264-1350-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8264-1350-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8264-1350-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044607/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=VIW1nG6TnZMC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.aulast=Chubarov&amp;rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Bitter+Path+to+Modernity%3A+A+History+of+the+Soviet+and+Post-Soviet+Eras&amp;rft.date=2001-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1350-5&amp;rft.pub=A%26C+Black&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIW1nG6TnZMC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Havighurst, Alfred F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0Nhq1g1WYmEC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Britain in Transition: The Twentieth Century</a>. University of Chicago Press. 1985-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-226-31971-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-226-31971-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-226-31971-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044606/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0Nhq1g1WYmEC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Havighurst&amp;rft.btitle=Britain+in+Transition%3A+The+Twentieth+Century&amp;rft.date=1985-08&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-226-31971-1&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Nhq1g1WYmEC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lightbody, Bradley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tXaaBAK7r7EC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis</a>. Psychology Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-22404-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-22404-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-22404-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125074109/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tXaaBAK7r7EC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Bradley&amp;rft.aulast=Lightbody&amp;rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War%3A+Ambitions+to+Nemesis&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-22404-8&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXaaBAK7r7EC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_W._Zeiler-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_W._Zeiler_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zeiler, Thomas W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2gst1FpsWZQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II</a>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8420-2991-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8420-2991-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8420-2991-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123210421/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2gst1FpsWZQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Zeiler&amp;rft.btitle=Unconditional+Defeat%3A+Japan%2C+America%2C+and+the+End+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2991-9&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2gst1FpsWZQC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%91%9E%E6%96%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="衛斯理·弗蘭克·克瑞文(页面不存在)">衛斯理·弗蘭克·克瑞文</a>(Wesley Frank Craven)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·凱特(页面不存在)">詹姆斯·凱特</a>(James L. Cate). The Army Air Forces in World War II. 美國芝加哥: <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="芝加哥大學出版社">芝加哥大學出版社</a>(University Of Chicago Press). 1953年: 第207頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hsiung, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937-1945</a>. M.E. Sharpe. 1992-06-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7656-3632-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7656-3632-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7656-3632-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052106/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=James+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Hsiung&amp;rft.btitle=China%27s+Bitter+Victory%3A+The+War+with+Japan%2C+1937-1945&amp;rft.date=1992-06-10&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3632-4&amp;rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Yt6TTRdUzwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coble, Parks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l7Ga3x6b4Q8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">Chinese Capitalists in Japan’s New Order: The Occupied Lower Yangzi, 1937-1945</a>. University of California Press. 2003-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-92829-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-92829-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-520-92829-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052112/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l7Ga3x6b4Q8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Parks&amp;rft.aulast=Coble&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+Capitalists+in+Japan%E2%80%99s+New+Order%3A+The+Occupied+Lower+Yangzi%2C+1937-1945&amp;rft.date=2003-04-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-92829-9&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl7Ga3x6b4Q8C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-44317-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-44317-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-44317-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044711/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-44317-3&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJj1glSfifgC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Badsey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QZPKVST8KvQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0850459214&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=jC1BhVVB1Z&amp;sig=Rd6ceE-sH1jtXcfg9Rl72hxDpeM&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=a2cjULLtJ-efmQXhq4DwDA&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Normandy 1944: Allied Landings and Breakout</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095752/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QZPKVST8KvQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 1990年1月25日: 第91頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780850459210" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-85045-921-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E6%B4%9B%E5%8A%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·扎洛加(页面不存在)">史蒂芬·扎洛加</a>(Steven Zaloga). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=1DAYmRrJTDAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1855324784&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=fn8lezvEn4&amp;sig=uGgqAcPy8wlO11-RxLedvnuUQfg&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=NGgjUOt7idaYBcrjgOgB&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Bagration 1944: The Destruction Of Army Group Centre</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100241/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=1DAYmRrJTDAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 1996年1月15日: 第7頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781855324787" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85532-478-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%80%AB%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="伊萬·貝倫德(页面不存在)">伊萬·貝倫德</a>(Iván Berend). Central and Eastern Europe, 1944-1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 1996年9月13日: 第8頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521550666" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-55066-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm">Romania - Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation</a>. countrystudies.us. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430001849/http://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm">存档</a>于2011-04-30). <q>The coup speeded the Red Army's advance, and the Soviet Union later awarded Michael the Order of Victory for his personal courage in overthrowing Antonescu and putting an end to Romania's war against the Allies. Western historians uniformly point out that the Communists played only a supporting role in the coup; postwar Romanian historians, however, ascribe to the Communists the decisive role in Antonescu's overthrow.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Romania+-+Armistice+Negotiations+and+Soviet+Occupation&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fromania%2F23.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%B7%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麥斯·海斯廷斯(页面不存在)">麥斯·海斯廷斯</a>(Max Hastings). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YbOchL1LDSIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841768308&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=-eqIKs-2l-&amp;sig=qPLSu20VnK7WHDSNf-cDLVHzjJk&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=fWojULq8PIahmQW5w4Aw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Second World War: A World In Flames</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095701/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YbOchL1LDSIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2004年3月25日: 第223頁至第224頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841768304" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-830-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Wiest和M. K. Barbier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pR01f_shSdIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0760314012&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=iL6i8r1aLv&amp;sig=n8ikVcFjUxoEyMUkhs1_bVJenPk&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=PGsjUNLuFqOkmQXkloDgAg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Strategy and Tactics Infantry Warfare</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426181041/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pR01f_shSdIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarto_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarto Group(页面不存在)">Quarto Group</a>. 2002年11月15日: 第65頁至第66頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780760314012" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7603-1401-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Wiktor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=h8GnNQLGDRQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:9041105840&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZmEwkv2h4m&amp;sig=N5O8cCZiaGdF8IoRrDUAz29_l2k&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=8WsjUPv2HKmdmQWzz4CwCQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Multilateral Treaty Calendar:Repertoire des Trait Es Multilat Eraux, 1648-1995</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426182826/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=h8GnNQLGDRQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%2B%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="施普林格科学+商业媒体">施普林格科學+商業媒體</a>. 1998年3月26日: 第426頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789041105844" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-411-0584-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven H. Newton. Retreat from Leningrad: Army Group North 1944/1945. 美國阿特格倫(Atglen): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiffer_Publishing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiffer Publishing(页面不存在)">Schiffer Publishing</a>. 1995年10月1日 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780887408069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-88740-806-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼爾·馬斯頓(页面不存在)">丹尼爾·馬斯頓</a>(Daniel Marston). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=w2QDfg9wUu0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841768820&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=xU7QSTDkWw&amp;sig=YtjnwVTSi21sFr6jk01c--EZnAE&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=pBIjUNjxKaXGmAXQ4oDICg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095944/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=w2QDfg9wUu0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2005年6月12日: 第120頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841768823" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-882-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Jowett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841763535&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P2D1T9ftHoPomAWirJSbBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Japanese Army 1931-45</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100011/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年1月25日: 第8頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841763538" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-353-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Howard, Joshua H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7Yequ29RhDMC">Workers at War: Labor in China’s Arsenals, 1937-1953</a>. Stanford University Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-4896-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8047-4896-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8047-4896-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060107/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7Yequ29RhDMC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Joshua+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Howard&amp;rft.btitle=Workers+at+War%3A+Labor+in+China%E2%80%99s+Arsenals%2C+1937-1953&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4896-4&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Yequ29RhDMC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Drea, Edward J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=d_QucLgSmnkC">In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army</a>. U of Nebraska Press. 2003-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8032-6638-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8032-6638-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8032-6638-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044813/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=d_QucLgSmnkC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Drea&amp;rft.btitle=In+the+Service+of+the+Emperor%3A+Essays+on+the+Imperial+Japanese+Army&amp;rft.date=2003-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8032-6638-4&amp;rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd_QucLgSmnkC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B" title="克里斯·库克">克里斯·庫克</a>(Chris Cook). What Happened Where. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 2000年10月17日: 第305頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781857285321" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85728-532-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danny_Parker_6-8-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Danny_Parker_6-8_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danny Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0306813912&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ri6yGNnosk&amp;sig=IFk4OeOYZBaaxn9-QAq7vEq8AOk&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KIojUPntKOXtmAWByIDoCQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944-1945</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160513180652/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) ISBN 978-0-306-81391-7 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danny_Parker_68-72-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Danny_Parker_68-72_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danny Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0306813912&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ri6yGNnosk&amp;sig=IFk4OeOYZBaaxn9-QAq7vEq8AOk&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KIojUPntKOXtmAWByIDoCQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944-1945</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105101536/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國劍橋: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press(页面不存在)">Da Capo Press</a>. 2004年11月30日: 第68頁至第72頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780306813917" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-306-81391-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danny_Parker_329-330-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Danny_Parker_329-330_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danny Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0306813912&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ri6yGNnosk&amp;sig=IFk4OeOYZBaaxn9-QAq7vEq8AOk&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KIojUPntKOXtmAWByIDoCQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944-1945</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105101536/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ASVTaalp5wgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國劍橋: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press(页面不存在)">Da Capo Press</a>. 2004年11月30日: 第329頁至第330頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780306813917" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-306-81391-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Solsten, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=vnocWI0_fywC">Germany: A Country Study</a>. DIANE Publishing. 1999-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7881-8179-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7881-8179-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7881-8179-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044822/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=vnocWI0_fywC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft.aulast=Solsten&amp;rft.btitle=Germany%3A+A+Country+Study&amp;rft.date=1999-08&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7881-8179-5&amp;rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvnocWI0_fywC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">State, United States Dept of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=hC8f2VvUSqsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The China White Paper: August 1949</a>. Stanford University Press. 1967 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-0608-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8047-0608-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8047-0608-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044827/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=hC8f2VvUSqsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=United+States+Dept+of&amp;rft.aulast=State&amp;rft.btitle=The+China+White+Paper%3A+August+1949&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0608-7&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhC8f2VvUSqsC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%8D%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湯姆·布查南(页面不存在)">湯姆·布查南</a>(Tom Buchanan). Europe's Troubled Peace: 1945 - 2000. 美國霍博肯: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell(页面不存在)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. 2006年1月31日: 第21頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780631221630" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-22163-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shepardson, Donald E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/120398">The Fall of Berlin and the Rise of a Myth</a>. The Journal of Military History. 1998, <b>62</b> (1) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0899-3718"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0899-3718</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/120398"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;120398</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F120398"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/120398</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926122132/https://www.jstor.org/stable/120398">存档</a>于2022-09-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=The+Fall+of+Berlin+and+the+Rise+of+a+Myth&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Shepardson&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0899-3718&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&amp;rft.volume=62&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F120398&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F120398&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F120398&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). Hitler: 1936-1945: Nemesis. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2001年9月: 第823頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393322521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mark_Donnelly-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Donnelly_245-0"><sup><b>236.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Donnelly_245-1"><sup><b>236.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Donnelly, Mark; Donnelly, Mark P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qNjOpo7fQQUC">Britain in the Second World War</a>. Psychology Press. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-17425-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-17425-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-17425-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060114/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qNjOpo7fQQUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Donnelly%2C+Mark+P.&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.aulast=Donnelly&amp;rft.btitle=Britain+in+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-17425-1&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqNjOpo7fQQUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pinkus, Oscar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gPnjXC1lEJ8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">The War Aims and Strategies of Adolf Hitler</a>. McFarland. 2005-06-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7864-2054-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7864-2054-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7864-2054-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125054006/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=gPnjXC1lEJ8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Oscar&amp;rft.aulast=Pinkus&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+Aims+and+Strategies+of+Adolf+Hitler&amp;rft.date=2005-06-15&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2054-4&amp;rft.pub=McFarland&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgPnjXC1lEJ8C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·格蘭斯(页面不存在)">大衛·格蘭斯</a>(David Glantz)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="強納森·侯斯(页面不存在)">強納森·侯斯</a>(Jonathan M. House). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. 美國勞倫斯(Lawrence): <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="堪薩斯大學出版社(页面不存在)">堪薩斯大學出版社</a>(University Press of Kansas). 1998年2月: 第34頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780700608997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7006-0899-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chant, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=MNcNAAAAQAAJ&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II</a>. Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul. 1986-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7102-0718-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7102-0718-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7102-0718-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044907/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=MNcNAAAAQAAJ&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft.aulast=Chant&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Codenames+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=1986-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7102-0718-0&amp;rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNcNAAAAQAAJ%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Drea, Edward J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=d_QucLgSmnkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army</a>. U of Nebraska Press. 2003-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8032-6638-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8032-6638-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8032-6638-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044911/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=d_QucLgSmnkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Drea&amp;rft.btitle=In+the+Service+of+the+Emperor%3A+Essays+on+the+Imperial+Japanese+Army&amp;rft.date=2003-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8032-6638-4&amp;rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd_QucLgSmnkC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Jowett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841763535&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P2D1T9ftHoPomAWirJSbBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Japanese Army 1931-45</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100011/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年1月25日: 第6頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841763538" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-353-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Thomas Poirier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/wwii-campaigns.html">RESULTS OF THE GERMAN AND AMERICAN SUBMARINE CAMPAIGNS OF WORLD WAR II</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409052122/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/wwii-campaigns.html">存檔</a>,存档日期2008-04-09.. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="美國海軍">美國海軍</a>. 1999年10月20日 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Williams, Andrew J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=TXcMCGyCMfkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Liberalism and War: The Victors and the Vanquished</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044921/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=TXcMCGyCMfkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.btitle=Liberalism+and+War%3A+The+Victors+and+the+Vanquished&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-35980-1&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTXcMCGyCMfkC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Miscamble, Wilson D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QWc58mXB5uUC">From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-86244-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-86244-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-86244-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052222/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QWc58mXB5uUC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilson+D.&amp;rft.aulast=Miscamble&amp;rft.btitle=From+Roosevelt+to+Truman%3A+Potsdam%2C+Hiroshima%2C+and+the+Cold+War&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-86244-8&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWc58mXB5uUC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Miscamble, Wilson D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QWc58mXB5uUC&amp;hl=zh-TW">From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-86244-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-86244-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-86244-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052220/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QWc58mXB5uUC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilson+D.&amp;rft.aulast=Miscamble&amp;rft.btitle=From+Roosevelt+to+Truman%3A+Potsdam%2C+Hiroshima%2C+and+the+Cold+War&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-86244-8&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWc58mXB5uUC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302130751/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">Leavenworth Papers No. 7 (August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria)</a>. web.archive.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2008-03-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Leavenworth+Papers+No.+7+%28August+Storm%3A+The+Soviet+1945+Strategic+Offensive+in+Manchuria%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz3%2Fglantz3.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pape, Robert A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539100">Why Japan Surrendered</a>. International Security. 1993, <b>18</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0162-2889</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2539100"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;2539100</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539100"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/2539100</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006104237/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539100">存档</a>于2022-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Japan+Surrendered&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Pape&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0162-2889&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Security&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539100&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539100&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539100&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Frei, Norbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Bxl-NoWVYp0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration</a>. Columbia University Press. 2002-08-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-231-50790-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-231-50790-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-231-50790-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123194405/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Bxl-NoWVYp0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Norbert&amp;rft.aulast=Frei&amp;rft.btitle=Adenauer%27s+Germany+and+the+Nazi+Past%3A+The+Politics+of+Amnesty+and+Integration&amp;rft.date=2002-08-27&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-231-50790-5&amp;rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxl-NoWVYp0C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43_258-0"><sup><b>249.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-傑弗里·羅伯茨_43_258-1"><sup><b>249.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roberts, Geoffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953</a>. Yale University Press. 2006-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-15040-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-15040-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-300-15040-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123194329/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft.aulast=Roberts&amp;rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Wars%3A+From+World+War+to+Cold+War%2C+1939-1953&amp;rft.date=2006-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-15040-7&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlRjy4qnH6cC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roberts, Geoffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953</a>. Yale University Press. 2006-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-15040-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-15040-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-300-15040-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123194329/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlRjy4qnH6cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft.aulast=Roberts&amp;rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Wars%3A+From+World+War+to+Cold+War%2C+1939-1953&amp;rft.date=2006-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-15040-7&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlRjy4qnH6cC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92" title="威廉·勞倫斯·夏伊勒">威廉·劳伦斯·夏伊勒</a>. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon &amp; Schuster">Simon &amp; Schuster</a>. 1990年11月15日: 第794頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780671728687" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caroline Kennedy-Pipe. Stalin's Cold War: Soviet Strategies in Europe, 1943 to 1956. 英國曼徹斯特: <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="曼徹斯特大學">曼徹斯特大學</a>. 1995年5月 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780719042010" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7190-4201-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_8-20230318194744-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_8-20230318194744_262-0"><sup><b>253.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_8-20230318194744_262-1"><sup><b>253.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wettig, Gerhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=O8TdLzwLtOcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Stalin and the Cold War in Europe: The Emergence and Development of East-West Conflict, 1939-1953</a>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7425-5542-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7425-5542-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7425-5542-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045020/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=O8TdLzwLtOcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard&amp;rft.aulast=Wettig&amp;rft.btitle=Stalin+and+the+Cold+War+in+Europe%3A+The+Emergence+and+Development+of+East-West+Conflict%2C+1939-1953&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5542-6&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8TdLzwLtOcC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Senn, Alfred Erich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=prqkNTCqa9cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above</a>. Rodopi. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-90-420-2225-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-90-420-2225-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-90-420-2225-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052224/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=prqkNTCqa9cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+Erich&amp;rft.aulast=Senn&amp;rft.btitle=Lithuania+1940%3A+Revolution+from+Above&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-420-2225-6&amp;rft.pub=Rodopi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DprqkNTCqa9cC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yoder, Amos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l_ukgXaLnGsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Evolution of the United Nations System</a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-56032-546-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-56032-546-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-56032-546-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125054012/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l_ukgXaLnGsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Amos&amp;rft.aulast=Yoder&amp;rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+United+Nations+System&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56032-546-8&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_ukgXaLnGsC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/unhistry/">聯合國歷史</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426163401/http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/unhistry/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a> [2012年4月21日查閱].<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/zh/documents/udhr/">世界人权宣言</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210325053606/https://www.un.org/zh/documents/udhr/">存档</a>于2021-03-25). <q>人人有資格享有本宣言所載的一切權利和自由,不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產、出生或其他身分等任何區別。 並且不得因一人所屬的國家或領土的政治的、行政的或者國際的地位之不同而有所區別,無論該領土是獨立領土、託管領土、非自治領土或者處於其他任何主權受限制的情況之下。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fzh%2Fdocuments%2Fudhr%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kantowicz, Edward R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lvFDI9WtlMwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Coming Apart, Coming Together</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2000 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8028-4456-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8028-4456-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8028-4456-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045113/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lvFDI9WtlMwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&amp;rft.aulast=Kantowicz&amp;rft.btitle=Coming+Apart%2C+Coming+Together&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4456-9&amp;rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlvFDI9WtlMwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Trachtenberg, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2pEQpx8CB7oC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963</a>. Princeton University Press. 1999-02-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-00273-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-00273-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-691-00273-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045118/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2pEQpx8CB7oC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft.aulast=Trachtenberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+Constructed+Peace%3A+The+Making+of+the+European+Settlement%2C+1945-1963&amp;rft.date=1999-02-28&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-00273-6&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pEQpx8CB7oC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Granville, Johanna Cushing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=RkaWTipqnecC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The First Domino: International Decision Making During the Hungarian Crisis of 1956</a>. Texas A&amp;M University Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-58544-298-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-58544-298-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-58544-298-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045124/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=RkaWTipqnecC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Johanna+Cushing&amp;rft.aulast=Granville&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+Domino%3A+International+Decision+Making+During+the+Hungarian+Crisis+of+1956&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58544-298-0&amp;rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkaWTipqnecC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grenville, John Ashley Soames. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xsmhdpARfGoC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century</a>. Psychology Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-28954-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-28954-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-28954-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060118/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xsmhdpARfGoC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Ashley+Soames&amp;rft.aulast=Grenville&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+World+from+the+20th+to+the+21st+Century&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-28954-2&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxsmhdpARfGoC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard A. Cook. Europe since 1945: An encyclopedia. 英國: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor &amp; Francis">Taylor &amp; Francis</a>. 2001年: 第17頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780815340577" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8153-4057-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey Swain. The Cominform: Tito's International?. 英國劍橋: 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="歷史雜誌(页面不存在)">歷史雜誌</a>》(The Historical Journal). 1992年9月: 第641頁至第643頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leffler, Melvyn P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DHoQ5GJ2H6YC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Origins of the Cold War: An International History</a>. Psychology Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-34109-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-34109-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-34109-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052316/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DHoQ5GJ2H6YC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Melvyn+P.&amp;rft.aulast=Leffler&amp;rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Cold+War%3A+An+International+History&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-34109-7&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDHoQ5GJ2H6YC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理察·霍姆斯(页面不存在)">理察·霍姆斯</a>(Richard Holmes). The Oxford Companion to Military History. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2003年8月28日 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198606963" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-860696-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005-03-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-61826-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-61826-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-61826-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052322/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2005-03-28&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-61826-7&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlsrAxuWekQC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Connor, Mary E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=j2gYgXGENM0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Koreas</a>. ABC-CLIO. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59884-160-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59884-160-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-59884-160-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045210/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=j2gYgXGENM0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Connor&amp;rft.btitle=The+Koreas&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59884-160-2&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj2gYgXGENM0C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麥可·林奇(页面不存在)">麥可·林奇</a>(Michael Lynch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rkJYue5dCJgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:9781841766713&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=zW85zC61_5&amp;sig=Sn-hJMLemZd6IlClpiSo7iyrfGw&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=g6UsUPm2L4fumAXAx4A4&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Chinese Civil War 1945-49</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095647/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rkJYue5dCJgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2010年5月25日: 第12頁至第13頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841766713" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-671-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E8%8C%A8_(%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·羅伯茨 (歷史學家)(页面不存在)">約翰·羅伯茨</a>(John Roberts). The Penguin History of Europe. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 1998年12月1日: 第589頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140265613" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-026561-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·達爾文(页面不存在)">約翰·達爾文</a>(John Darwin). After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年3月6日: 第441頁至第443頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780141010229" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-101022-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·達爾文(页面不存在)">約翰·達爾文</a>(John Darwin). After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000. 英國西敏: <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="企鹅出版集团">企鵝出版集團</a>. 2008年3月6日: 第464頁至第468頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780141010229" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-101022-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_9-20230318194744-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_9-20230318194744_281-0"><sup><b>272.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_9-20230318194744_281-1"><sup><b>272.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harrison, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2000-06-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-78503-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-78503-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-78503-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045221/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.aulast=Harrison&amp;rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+World+War+II%3A+Six+Great+Powers+in+International+Comparison&amp;rft.date=2000-06-26&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-78503-7&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZgFu2p5uogwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Companion to World War II. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2005年9月22日: 第1,006頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780192806703" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-280670-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Balabkins. Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament, 1945-1948. 美國皮斯卡特維: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅格斯大學出版社(页面不存在)">羅格斯大學出版社</a>(Rutgers University Press). 1964年6月: 第207頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813504490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8135-0449-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米爾·彼得羅夫(页面不存在)">弗拉基米爾·彼得羅夫</a>(Vladimir Petrov). Money and Conquest: Allied Occupation Currencies in World War II. 美國巴爾的摩: <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰霍普金斯大學出版社">約翰霍普金斯大學出版社</a>. 1967年1月1日: 第263頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780801805301" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8018-0530-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Balabkins. Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament, 1945-1948. 美國皮斯卡特維: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅格斯大學出版社(页面不存在)">羅格斯大學出版社</a>(Rutgers University Press). 1964年6月: 第208頁至第209頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813504490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8135-0449-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_10-20230318194744-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-0"><sup><b>277.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-1"><sup><b>277.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-2"><sup><b>277.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_10-20230318194744_286-3"><sup><b>277.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dornbusch, Rudiger; Dornbusch, Ford International Professor of Economics Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm; Layard, P. Richard G.; Layard, Richard; Layard, Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Economic Performance Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kGCfmmlGtPEC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today</a>. MIT Press. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-262-04136-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-262-04136-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-262-04136-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045225/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kGCfmmlGtPEC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Dornbusch%2C+Ford+International+Professor+of+Economics+Rudiger&amp;rft.au=Layard%2C+P.+Richard+G.&amp;rft.au=Layard%2C+Professor+of+Economics+and+Director+of+the+Center+for+Economic+Performance+Richard&amp;rft.au=Layard%2C+Richard&amp;rft.au=N%C3%B6lling%2C+Wilhelm&amp;rft.aufirst=Rudiger&amp;rft.aulast=Dornbusch&amp;rft.btitle=Postwar+Economic+Reconstruction+and+Lessons+for+the+East+Today&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-262-04136-2&amp;rft.pub=MIT+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGCfmmlGtPEC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Balabkins. Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament, 1945-1948. 美國皮斯卡特維: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅格斯大學出版社(页面不存在)">羅格斯大學出版社</a>(Rutgers University Press). 1964年6月: 第212頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813504490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8135-0449-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bull, Martin J.; Newell, James L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l12nA4iQzYcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Italian Politics: Adjustment Under Duress</a>. Polity. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7456-1299-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7456-1299-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7456-1299-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052326/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=l12nA4iQzYcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Newell%2C+James+L.&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Bull&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Politics%3A+Adjustment+Under+Duress&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7456-1299-7&amp;rft.pub=Polity&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl12nA4iQzYcC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Harrop. Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 1992年2月28日: 第23頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521345798" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-34579-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Emadi-Coffin, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pk9ZeT-TplMC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Rethinking International Organization: Deregulation and Global Governance</a>. Routledge. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-19540-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-19540-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-19540-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122092721/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pk9ZeT-TplMC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft.aulast=Emadi-Coffin&amp;rft.btitle=Rethinking+International+Organization%3A+Deregulation+and+Global+Governance&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-19540-9&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpk9ZeT-TplMC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=EMgOAAAAQAAJ&amp;hl=zh-TW">Russia and the World Economy: Problems of Integration</a>. Routledge. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-08924-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-08924-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-08924-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125064807/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=EMgOAAAAQAAJ&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.btitle=Russia+and+the+World+Economy%3A+Problems+of+Integration&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-08924-1&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEMgOAAAAQAAJ%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Harrop. Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 1992年2月28日: 第49頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521345798" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-34579-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hinkelman, Edward G.; Genzberger, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YSCunEaqnI8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">China Business: The Portable Encyclopedia for Doing Business with China</a>. World Trade Press. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9631864-3-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9631864-3-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-9631864-3-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045315/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YSCunEaqnI8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Genzberger%2C+Christine&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Hinkelman&amp;rft.btitle=China+Business%3A+The+Portable+Encyclopedia+for+Doing+Business+with+China&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-9631864-3-0&amp;rft.pub=World+Trade+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSCunEaqnI8C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E6%87%B7%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬修·懷特(页面不存在)">馬修·懷特</a>(Matthew White). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm">Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180130065138/http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century. 2011年2月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secondworldwar.co.uk/index.php/fatalities">Fatalities</a>. secondworldwar.co.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080922185149/http://secondworldwar.co.uk/index.php/fatalities">存档</a>于2008-09-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Fatalities&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=secondworldwar.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecondworldwar.co.uk%2Findex.php%2Ffatalities&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hosking, Geoffrey; Hosking, Emeritus Professor of Russian History Geoffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=CDMVMqDvp4QC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union</a>. Harvard University Press. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-02178-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-02178-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-02178-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125054106/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=CDMVMqDvp4QC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Hosking%2C+Emeritus+Professor+of+Russian+History+Geoffrey&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft.aulast=Hosking&amp;rft.btitle=Rulers+and+Victims%3A+The+Russians+in+the+Soviet+Union&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-02178-5&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCDMVMqDvp4QC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麥可·愛爾曼(页面不存在)">麥可·愛爾曼</a>(Michael Ellman). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/ELM-War_Deaths.pdf">Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: A Note</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151107034126/http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/ELM-War_Deaths.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies(页面不存在)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>》. 1994年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, J. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=c9bMfZBI8-sC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The World's Wasted Wealth 2: Save Our Wealth, Save Our Environment</a>. Instittute for Economic Dem, Press. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9624423-2-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9624423-2-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-9624423-2-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052421/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=c9bMfZBI8-sC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Wasted+Wealth+2%3A+Save+Our+Wealth%2C+Save+Our+Environment&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-9624423-2-2&amp;rft.pub=Instittute+for+Economic+Dem%2C+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9bMfZBI8-sC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%91%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="傑弗里·赫爾夫(页面不存在)">傑弗里·赫爾夫</a>(Jeffrey Herf). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=/journals/kritika/v004/4.4herf.html">The Nazi Extermination Camps and the Ally to the East: Could the Red Army and Air Force Have Stopped or Slowed the Final Solution?</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160305100011/http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=%2Fjournals%2Fkritika%2Fv004%2F4.4herf.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2003年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/people/victims.htm">A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims</a>. fcit.usf.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516094229/http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/people/victims.htm">存档</a>于2016-05-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=A+Teacher%27s+Guide+to+the+Holocaust-Victims&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fcit.usf.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffcit.usf.edu%2FHolocaust%2Fpeople%2Fvictims.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lpDTIUklB2MC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust</a>. Columbia University Press. 2000 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-231-11200-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-231-11200-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-231-11200-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052426/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lpDTIUklB2MC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Nicosia%2C+Francis+R.&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Niewyk&amp;rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Guide+to+the+Holocaust&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-231-11200-0&amp;rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlpDTIUklB2MC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E9%99%B6%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="艾倫·陶德(页面不存在)">艾倫·陶德</a>(Allan Todd). The Modern World. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2001年6月21日: 第121頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780199134250" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-913425-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jasenovac-camp">Jasenovac Camp</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114042226/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html">存档</a>于2017-01-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Jasenovac+Camp&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjasenovac-camp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM">STATISTICS OF JAPANESE GENOCIDE AND MASS MURDER</a>. www.hawaii.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323044733/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM">存档</a>于2010-03-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=STATISTICS+OF+JAPANESE+GENOCIDE+AND+MASS+MURDER&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.hawaii.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaii.edu%2Fpowerkills%2FSOD.CHAP3.HTM&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%B4%94%E5%A6%82" class="mw-redirect" title="張純如">張純如</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C%EF%BC%9A%E8%A2%AB%E9%81%97%E5%BF%98%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="南京暴行:被遗忘的大屠杀">南京暴行:被遺忘的大屠殺</a>》(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QPrJB0r5i5MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0465068359&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=bGvBV3zGpt&amp;sig=a60MGBftWviocDVrVrLHpCcCXBE&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=NvcsULHvIeSOmQWD7IHwDA&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Rape Of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust Of World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105095840/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QPrJB0r5i5MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)). 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. 1997年11月21日: 第102頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780465068357" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-465-06835-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="赫伯特·畢克斯(页面不存在)">赫伯特·畢克斯</a>(Herbert P. Bix). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%95%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E8%88%87%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="裕仁天皇與近代日本的形成(页面不存在)">裕仁天皇與近代日本的形成</a>》(Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan). 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harper_Perennial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harper Perennial(页面不存在)">Harper Perennial</a>. 2001年9月4日 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780060931308" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-093130-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第319頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harris, Sheldon H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=yCZ6yr-J3dIC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-up</a>. Psychology Press. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-93214-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-93214-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-93214-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045523/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=yCZ6yr-J3dIC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Sheldon+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.btitle=Factories+of+Death%3A+Japanese+Biological+Warfare%2C+1932-1945%2C+and+the+American+Cover-up&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-93214-1&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCZ6yr-J3dIC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gold, Hal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cprBEpxvexgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Unit 731 Testimony: Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program</a>. Tuttle Publishing. 2004-04-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8048-3565-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8048-3565-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8048-3565-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045528/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cprBEpxvexgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Hal&amp;rft.aulast=Gold&amp;rft.btitle=Unit+731+Testimony%3A+Japan%27s+Wartime+Human+Experimentation+Program&amp;rft.date=2004-04-15&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3565-7&amp;rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcprBEpxvexgC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第320頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E8%B2%9D%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·沙貝拉(页面不存在)">羅伯特·沙貝拉</a>(Robert Sabella)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%94" title="劉中達">劉中達</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%9F%B9%E7%91%9E" title="林培瑞">林培瑞</a>. Nanking 1937: Memory and Healing. 美國阿蒙克: <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._E._Sharpe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="M. E. Sharpe(页面不存在)">M. E. Sharpe</a>. 2001年11月: 第69頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780765608161" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7656-0816-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Author, No. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/07/27/national/japan-tested-chemical-weapon-on-aussie-pow-new-evidence/">Japan tested chemical weapon on Aussie POW: new evidence</a>. The Japan Times. 2004-07-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503075349/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/07/27/national/japan-tested-chemical-weapon-on-aussie-pow-new-evidence/">存档</a>于2019-05-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">(美国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Japan+tested+chemical+weapon+on+Aussie+POW%3A+new+evidence&amp;rft.aufirst=No&amp;rft.aulast=Author&amp;rft.date=2004-07-27&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2004%2F07%2F27%2Fnational%2Fjapan-tested-chemical-weapon-on-aussie-pow-new-evidence%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aksar, Yusuf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=V_MJa2uu5YsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Implementing International Humanitarian Law: From the Ad Hoc Tribunals to a Permanent International Criminal Court</a>. Psychology Press. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-8470-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-8470-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7146-8470-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125064812/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=V_MJa2uu5YsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Yusuf&amp;rft.aulast=Aksar&amp;rft.btitle=Implementing+International+Humanitarian+Law%3A+From+the+Ad+Hoc+Tribunals+to+a+Permanent+International+Criminal+Court&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-8470-3&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV_MJa2uu5YsC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%81%A9%E8%B2%9D%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各·霍恩貝格爾(页面不存在)">雅各·霍恩貝格爾</a>( Jacob G. Hornberger). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fff.org/freedom/0495a.asp">Repatriation — The Dark Side of World War II, Part 3</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117092222/http://www.fff.org/freedom/0495a.asp">存檔</a>,存档日期2012-01-17.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="自由未來基金會(页面不存在)">自由未來基金會</a>(The Future of Freedom Foundation). 1995年4月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vern Weitzel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html">EPA: Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171019142402/http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="海峽時報">海峽時報</a>》. 2008年4月21日 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/oct/22/worlddispatch.germany">Germany's forgotten victims</a>. the Guardian. 2003-10-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. 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DW.COM. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016071925/https://www.dw.com/en/final-compensation-pending-for-former-nazi-forced-laborers/a-1757323-1">存档</a>于2022-10-16) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英国英语网页">(英国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Final+Compensation+Pending+for+Former+Nazi+Forced+Laborers+%7C+DW+%7C+27.10.2005&amp;rft.aufirst=Deutsche&amp;rft.aulast=Welle+%28www.dw.com%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=DW.COM&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ffinal-compensation-pending-for-former-nazi-forced-laborers%2Fa-1757323-1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Plessis, Max Du; Pete, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=TfpfQgAACAAJ">Repairing the Past?: International Perspectives on Reparations for Gross Human Rights AbusesRepairing the Past?: International Perspectives on Reparations for Gross Human Rights Abuses</a>. Intersentia. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2017-01-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-90-5095-492-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-90-5095-492-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-90-5095-492-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045616/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=TfpfQgAACAAJ">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Pete%2C+Steve&amp;rft.aufirst=Max+Du&amp;rft.aulast=Plessis&amp;rft.btitle=Repairing+the+Past%3F%3A+International+Perspectives+on+Reparations+for+Gross+Human+Rights+AbusesRepairing+the+Past%3F%3A+International+Perspectives+on+Reparations+for+Gross+Human+Rights+Abuses&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-5095-492-1&amp;rft.pub=Intersentia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTfpfQgAACAAJ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Applebaum, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/europe/report/gulag-understanding-the-magnitude-what-happened">Gulag: Understanding the Magnitude of What Happened</a>. The Heritage Foundation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. 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HistoryNet. 2006-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. 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The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2004年9月: 第568頁至第569頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393020304" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-02030-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scepsis.net/library/id_1234.html">Репатриация перемещённых советских граждан // Виктор Земсков</a>. scepsis.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. 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Soviet Studies. 1992, <b>44</b> (6) <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-5859"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN&#160;0038-5859</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/152330"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR&#160;152330</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F152330%3Fuid%3D3739592%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26uid%3D3739256%26sid%3D21102529706897"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/152330?uid&#61;3739592&#38;uid&#61;2&#38;uid&#61;4&#38;uid&#61;3739256&#38;sid&#61;21102529706897</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006104252/https://www.jstor.org/stable/152330">存档</a>于2022-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Glasnost%27+and+the+Gulag%3A+New+Information+on+Soviet+Forced+Labour+around+World+War+II&amp;rft.aufirst=Edwin&amp;rft.aulast=Bacon&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0038-5859&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152330&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152330&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F152330%3Fuid%3D3739592%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26uid%3D3739256%26sid%3D21102529706897&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麥可·愛爾曼(页面不存在)">麥可·愛爾曼</a>(Michael Ellman). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122071204/http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">存檔</a>,存档日期2012-11-22.. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies(页面不存在)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>》. 2002年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/peopleevents/e_atrocities.html">People &amp; Events: Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100115114041/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/peopleevents/e_atrocities.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="美國經驗(页面不存在)">美國經驗</a>(American Experience) [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%88%A9%E5%B9%B8" title="田中利幸">田中利幸</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xXh82ZWrVYwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0813327180&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=fvnqf12AUn&amp;sig=OdbinVUV7WwgprBMTPZ9SBQmpM8&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7o8tUP_ECK7nmAWdn4DgBw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes In World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105101511/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xXh82ZWrVYwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 美國博爾德: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西景出版社(页面不存在)">西景出版社</a>(Westview Press). 1997年12月17日: 第2頁至第3頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780813327181" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-2718-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="赫伯特·畢克斯(页面不存在)">赫伯特·畢克斯</a>(Herbert P. Bix). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%95%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E8%88%87%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="裕仁天皇與近代日本的形成(页面不存在)">裕仁天皇與近代日本的形成</a>》(Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan). 美國紐約: Harper Perennial. 2001年9月4日: 第360頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780060931308" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-093130-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhifen_Ju-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhifen_Ju_328-0"><sup><b>319.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhifen_Ju_328-1"><sup><b>319.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhifen Ju. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/sino-japanese/session6.htm">「Japan』s Atrocities of Conscripting and Abusing North China Draftees after the Outbreak of the Pacific War」</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521093637/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/sino-japanese/session6.htm">存檔</a>,存档日期2012-05-21.. <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="哈佛文理学院">哈佛文理學院</a>(Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences). 2002年6月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indonesia-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indonesia_329-0"><sup><b>320.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indonesia_329-1"><sup><b>320.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+id0029)">Indonesia WORLD WAR II AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1942-50 The Japanese Occupation, 1942-45</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20041030225658/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+id0029%29">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會圖書館 (美國)">國會圖書館</a>. 1992年11月 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-美國國家公園管理局-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-美國國家公園管理局_330-0"><sup><b>321.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-美國國家公園管理局_330-1"><sup><b>321.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Independence, Mailing Address: Manzanar National Historic Site P. O. Box 426 5001 Highway 395; Us, CA 93526 Phone:878-2194 x3310 Need to speak with a ranger? Call this number for general information Contact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/manz/index.htm">Manzanar National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)</a>. www.nps.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. 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Oxford University Press. 1999-05-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-974382-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-974382-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-19-974382-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045743/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cL85ggyT9oYC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=David+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Kennedy&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+from+Fear%3A+The+American+People+in+Depression+and+War%2C+1929-1945&amp;rft.date=1999-05-06&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-974382-7&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcL85ggyT9oYC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davidson, Eugene; Tessler, Rudolph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kEAFk4lce4kC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Death and Life of Germany: An Account of the American Occupation</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060208/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=kEAFk4lce4kC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Tessler%2C+Rudolph&amp;rft.aufirst=Eugene&amp;rft.aulast=Davidson&amp;rft.btitle=The+Death+and+Life+of+Germany%3A+An+Account+of+the+American+Occupation&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8262-1249-8&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkEAFk4lce4kC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tamás Stark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.hu/00400/00463/00007/pdf/155_stark.pdf">「Malenki Robot」 – Hungarian Forced Labourers in the Soviet Union (1944–1955)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430051411/http://www.epa.hu/00400/00463/00007/pdf/155_stark.pdf">存檔</a>,存档日期2011-04-30.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_Research_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities Research Group(页面不存在)">Minorities Research Group</a> [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liberman, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=hWQjE7Y0yVUC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Does Conquest Pay?: The Exploitation of Occupied Industrial Societies</a>. Princeton University Press. 1998-08-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-00242-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-00242-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-691-00242-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045817/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=hWQjE7Y0yVUC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Liberman&amp;rft.btitle=Does+Conquest+Pay%3F%3A+The+Exploitation+of+Occupied+Industrial+Societies&amp;rft.date=1998-08-23&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-00242-2&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhWQjE7Y0yVUC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_11-20230318194744-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_11-20230318194744_336-0"><sup><b>327.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_11-20230318194744_336-1"><sup><b>327.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Milward, Alan S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=r2yn7k0kRUkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">War, Economy and Society, 1939-1945</a>. University of California Press. 1979 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-03942-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-03942-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-520-03942-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045823/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=r2yn7k0kRUkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+S.&amp;rft.aulast=Milward&amp;rft.btitle=War%2C+Economy+and+Society%2C+1939-1945&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-03942-1&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr2yn7k0kRUkC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="莫琳·佩里埃(页面不存在)">莫琳·佩里埃</a>(Maureen Perrie)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E8%8A%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="杜明治·利芬(页面不存在)">杜明治·利芬</a>(Dominic Lieven)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="隆納·桑尼(页面不存在)">隆納·桑尼</a>(Ronald Suny). The Cambridge History of Russia, 3 Volume Set. 英國劍橋: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. 2007年1月8日: 第232頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521861946" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-86194-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YBgZgWXA668C&amp;hl=zh-TW">The War Behind the Eastern Front: The Soviet Partisan Movement in North-West Russia, 1941-1944</a>. Psychology Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-5711-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-5711-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7146-5711-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045828/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YBgZgWXA668C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.aulast=Hill&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+Behind+the+Eastern+Front%3A+The+Soviet+Partisan+Movement+in+North-West+Russia%2C+1941-1944&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5711-0&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBgZgWXA668C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas R. Christofferson和Michael S. Christofferson. France during World War II: From Defeat to Liberation. 美國布朗克斯: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%9D%A6%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="福坦莫大學出版社(页面不存在)">福坦莫大學出版社</a>(Fordham University Press). 2006年5月15日: 第156頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780823225637" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8232-2563-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aiko Ikeo. Economic Development in Twentieth-Century East Asia: The International Context. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇">Routledge</a>. 1997年1月15日: 第107頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415149006" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-14900-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-霍斯特·布格_266-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-霍斯特·布格_266_341-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="霍斯特·布格(页面不存在)">霍斯特·布格</a>(Horst Boog)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E8%B3%B4%E6%81%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾納·賴恩(页面不存在)">維爾納·賴恩</a>(Werner Rahn)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%B4%E5%9B%A0%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E5%A7%86%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="賴因哈德·斯圖姆夫(页面不存在)">賴因哈德·斯圖姆夫</a>(Reinhard Stumpf). Germany and the Second World War: Volume VI: The Global War. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 2001年11月15日: 第311頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198228882" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-822888-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mark_Harrison_3-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Harrison_3_342-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harrison, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC">The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2000-06-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-78503-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-78503-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-78503-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125054203/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.aulast=Harrison&amp;rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+World+War+II%3A+Six+Great+Powers+in+International+Comparison&amp;rft.date=2000-06-26&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-78503-7&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZgFu2p5uogwC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bernstein, Gail Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=bjJYLC8wEPkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Recreating Japanese Women, 1600-1945</a>. University of California Press. 1991-07-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-07017-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-07017-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-520-07017-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052617/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=bjJYLC8wEPkC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gail+Lee&amp;rft.aulast=Bernstein&amp;rft.btitle=Recreating+Japanese+Women%2C+1600-1945&amp;rft.date=1991-07-09&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-07017-2&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbjJYLC8wEPkC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9B%89%E5%A3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬舍爾·曉士(页面不存在)">馬舍爾·曉士</a>(Matthew Hughes)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯·曼(页面不存在)">克里斯·曼</a>(Chris Mann). Inside Hitler's Germany: Life Under the Third Reich. Potomac Books. 2000年10月: 第151頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781574882810" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57488-281-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%80%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="查爾斯·格里菲思(页面不存在)">查爾斯·格里菲思</a>(Charles Griffith). The Quest: Haywood Hansell and American Strategic Bombing in World War II. 美國阿拉巴馬: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="空軍大學出版社(页面不存在)">空軍大學出版社</a>(Air University Press). 1999年: 第203頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781585660698" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58566-069-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·奧弗里(页面不存在)">理查·奧弗里</a>(Richard Overy). War and Economy in the Third Reich. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. 1995年8月24日: 第26頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198205999" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-820599-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lindberg, Michael; Todd, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=GIZ-ZrdU4c4C&amp;hl=zh-TW">Brown-, Green-, and Blue-water Fleets: The Influence of Geography on Naval Warfare, 1861 to the Present</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-96486-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-96486-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-96486-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045906/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=GIZ-ZrdU4c4C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Todd%2C+Daniel&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Lindberg&amp;rft.btitle=Brown-%2C+Green-%2C+and+Blue-water+Fleets%3A+The+Influence+of+Geography+on+Naval+Warfare%2C+1861+to+the+Present&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-96486-3&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGIZ-ZrdU4c4C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Unit, British Bombing Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qCeg7fyWGWIC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Strategic Air War Against Germany, 1939-1945: Report of the British Bombing Survey Unit</a>. Psychology Press. 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-4722-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-4722-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7146-4722-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045908/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qCeg7fyWGWIC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=British+Bombing+Survey&amp;rft.aulast=Unit&amp;rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Air+War+Against+Germany%2C+1939-1945%3A+Report+of+the+British+Bombing+Survey+Unit&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4722-7&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqCeg7fyWGWIC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Economic and Social Survey 2004: International Migration. 美國紐約: <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>. 2005年1月28日: 第23頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789211091472" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-92-1-109147-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第76頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Levine, Alan J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=UdioX_F5OIwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1992 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-94319-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-94319-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-94319-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045914/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=UdioX_F5OIwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Levine&amp;rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Bombing+of+Germany%2C+1940-1945&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-94319-6&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUdioX_F5OIwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan D. Schrift. Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers. 美國霍博肯: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell(页面不存在)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. 2005年11月14日: 第128頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781405132183" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4051-3218-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第163頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Chant. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: THE WORLD'S GREATEST NAVAL VESSELS AND THEIR AIRCRAFT.. Silverdale Books. 2004年: 第7頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781845090791" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84509-079-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Avery Chenoweth和Brooke Nihart. Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E9%9D%88%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史特靈出版社(页面不存在)">史特靈出版社</a>(Sterling Publishing). 2005年10月3日: 第180頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781402730993" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4027-3099-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Sumner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lnr7MkZLGz4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841761958&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=o_OankA7kS&amp;sig=QXJbo5Spjpsl2KKOSmHFpd7RlAI&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=vKwtUIq5MM_0mAX8mIGABw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Royal Navy 1939-45</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121105100155/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=lnr7MkZLGz4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ISBN">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2001年10月25日: 第25頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841761954" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-195-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯·加德納(页面不存在)">羅伯·加德納</a>(Robert Gardiner)和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97_(%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·布朗 (軍事)(页面不存在)">大衛·布朗</a>(David K. Brown). The Eclipse of the Big Gun: The Warship 1906-1945. 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="康威出版社(页面不存在)">康威出版社</a>(Conway Publishing). 2004年11月: 第52頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780851779539" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-85177-953-9</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hearn, Chester G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=sg8ivuKMD5cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Carriers in Combat: The Air War at Sea</a>. Stackpole Books. 2007-06-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8117-3398-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8117-3398-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8117-3398-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052622/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=sg8ivuKMD5cC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Hearn&amp;rft.btitle=Carriers+in+Combat%3A+The+Air+War+at+Sea&amp;rft.date=2007-06-11&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3398-4&amp;rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsg8ivuKMD5cC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_12-20230318194744-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_12-20230318194744_359-0"><sup><b>350.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_12-20230318194744_359-1"><sup><b>350.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Burcher, Roy; Rydill, Louis J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2aGuG6EoOL8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">Concepts in Submarine Design</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1995-10-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-55926-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-55926-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-55926-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052628/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2aGuG6EoOL8C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Rydill%2C+Louis+J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Roy&amp;rft.aulast=Burcher&amp;rft.btitle=Concepts+in+Submarine+Design&amp;rft.date=1995-10-27&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-55926-3&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aGuG6EoOL8C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_125-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_125_360-0"><sup><b>351.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_125_360-1"><sup><b>351.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第125頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%94%E4%BD%9B%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%9A%AE%E4%BC%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="崔佛·迪皮伊(页面不存在)">崔佛·迪皮伊</a>(Trevor N. Dupuy). Evolution of Weapons and Warfare. 英國倫敦: <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E6%B0%8F%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="詹氏資訊集團">詹氏資訊集團</a>. 1982年3月18日: 第231頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780710601230" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7106-0123-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-斯賓塞·塔克_108-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_108_362-0"><sup><b>353.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-斯賓塞·塔克_108_362-1"><sup><b>353.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第108頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞·塔克(页面不存在)">斯賓塞·塔克</a>(Spencer C. Tucker). The Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. 美國聖塔芭芭拉: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO(页面不存在)">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2004年12月17日: 第221頁 [2012年4月21日查閱]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781576079997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-999-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mariner_Books_734-364"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mariner_Books_734_364-0"><sup><b>355.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mariner_Books_734_364-1"><sup><b>355.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qOEu4ALwR-IC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Readers Comp to Military History Pa</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-547-56146-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-547-56146-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-547-56146-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125054216/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qOEu4ALwR-IC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.btitle=Readers+Comp+to+Military+History+Pa&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-547-56146-2&amp;rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqOEu4ALwR-IC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greyfalcon.us/Infantry%20Weapons%20Of%20World%20War%202.htm">Infantry Weapons Of World War 2</a>. greyfalcon.us. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091202165724/http://greyfalcon.us/Infantry%20Weapons%20Of%20World%20War%202.htm">存档</a>于2009-12-02). <q>These all-purpose guns were developed and used by the German army in the 2nd half of World War 2 as a result of studies which showed that the ordinary rifle's long range is much longer than needed, since the soldiers almost always fired at enemies closer than half of its effective range. The assault rifle is a balanced compromise between the rifle and the sub-machine gun, having sufficient range and accuracy to be used as a rifle, combined with the rapid-rate automatic firepower of the sub machine gun. Thanks to these combined advantages, assault rifles such as the American M-16 and the Russian AK-47 are the basic weapon of the modern soldier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Infantry+Weapons+Of+World+War+2&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=greyfalcon.us&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreyfalcon.us%2FInfantry%2520Weapons%2520Of%2520World%2520War%25202.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver Sprague和Hugh Griffiths. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT30/011/2006/en/11079910-d422-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/act300112006en.pdf">The AK-47: the world's favourite killing machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430165110/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT30/011/2006/en/11079910-d422-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/act300112006en.pdf">存檔</a>,存档日期2011-04-30.. Control Arms Briefing Note. 2006年6月26日 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ratcliff, R. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=n9St5-klST0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">Delusions of Intelligence: Enigma, Ultra, and the End of Secure Ciphers</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2006-08-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-85522-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-85522-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-85522-8</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050021/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=n9St5-klST0C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Ratcliff&amp;rft.btitle=Delusions+of+Intelligence%3A+Enigma%2C+Ultra%2C+and+the+End+of+Secure+Ciphers&amp;rft.date=2006-08-14&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-85522-8&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn9St5-klST0C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Macintyre. Bravery of thousands of Poles was vital in securing victory. 英國瓦平(Wapping): 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="泰晤士報">泰晤士報</a>》. 2010年12月10日: 第27頁 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_Schoenherr-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Schoenherr_369-0"><sup><b>360.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Schoenherr_369-1"><sup><b>360.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Schoenherr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509054959/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/espionage.html">Code Breaking in World War II</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="聖地牙哥大學">聖地牙哥大學</a>(University of San Diego). 2007年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neil C. Rowe和Hy Rothstein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nps/mildec.htm">Deception for Defense of Information Systems: Analogies from Conventional Warfare</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101123031630/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nps/mildec.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美國海軍研究所">美國海軍研究所</a>(Naval Postgraduate School). 2007年 [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/zuse.html">KONRAD ZUSE (1910-1995)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100324122611/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/zuse.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDSIA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IDSIA(页面不存在)">IDSIA</a> [2012年4月21日查閱] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span>. "Konrad Zuse builds Z1, world's first program-controlled computer. Despite certain mechanical engineering problems it had all the basic ingredients of modern machines, using the binary system and today's standard separation of storage and control. Zuse's 1936 patent application (Z23139/GMD Nr. 005/021) also suggests a von Neumann architecture (re-invented in 1945) with program and data modifiable in storage."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html">Alexander Fleming Discovery and Development of Penicillin - Landmark</a>. American Chemical Society. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628035235/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html">存档</a>于2019-06-28) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.atitle=Alexander+Fleming+Discovery+and+Development+of+Penicillin+-+Landmark&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Feducation%2Fwhatischemistry%2Flandmarks%2Fflemingpenicillin.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Preston, P. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37917329">Pacific Asia in the global system: an introduction</a>. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-631-20237-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-631-20237-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0-631-20237-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/37917329"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;37917329</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=P.+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Preston&amp;rft.btitle=Pacific+Asia+in+the+global+system%3A+an+introduction&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-631-20237-4&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Blackwell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F37917329&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37917329&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mandelbaum, Michael; Mandelbaum, Professor of Political Science Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=x3MBerNuLnQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1988-09-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-35790-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-35790-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-35790-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052712/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=x3MBerNuLnQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Mandelbaum%2C+Professor+of+Political+Science+Michael&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Mandelbaum&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+Nations%3A+The+Search+for+National+Security+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&amp;rft.date=1988-09-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-35790-6&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx3MBerNuLnQC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Davies, Norman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191929165">No simple victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945</a>. New York. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-14-311409-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-14-311409-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-14-311409-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/191929165"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;191929165</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman&amp;rft.aulast=Davies&amp;rft.btitle=No+simple+victory%3A+World+War+II+in+Europe%2C+1939-1945&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-311409-3&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F191929165&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191929165&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Myers, Ramon H.; Peattie, Mark R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KqNiaX7b4bgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945</a>. Princeton University Press. 1984 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-10222-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-10222-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-691-10222-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050120/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KqNiaX7b4bgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Peattie%2C+Mark+R.&amp;rft.aufirst=Ramon+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Myers&amp;rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Colonial+Empire%2C+1895-1945&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-10222-1&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKqNiaX7b4bgC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-44317-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-44317-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-44317-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125044711/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=AJj1glSfifgC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-44317-3&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJj1glSfifgC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, Gerhard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005-03-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-61826-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-61826-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-521-61826-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052322/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Weinberg&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2005-03-28&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-61826-7&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlsrAxuWekQC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Graham, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-3WlkQbM9HQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction</a>. OUP Oxford. 2005-03-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-280377-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-280377-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-19-280377-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050124/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-3WlkQbM9HQC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft.aulast=Graham&amp;rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&amp;rft.date=2005-03-24&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-280377-1&amp;rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3WlkQbM9HQC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Holland, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62264984">Together we stand: turning the tide in the West: North Africa 1942-1943</a>. London: HarperCollins. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-00-717646-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-00-717646-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0-00-717646-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62264984"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;62264984</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft.aulast=Holland&amp;rft.btitle=Together+we+stand%3A+turning+the+tide+in+the+West%3A+North+Africa+1942-1943&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-00-717646-5&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F62264984&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62264984&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;hl=zh-TW">A War To Be Won: fighting the Second World War</a>. Harvard University Press. 2009-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-04130-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-04130-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-674-04130-1</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052714/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=tdYkMPfUSUAC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+Reed&amp;rft.aufirst=Williamson&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.btitle=A+War+To+Be+Won%3A+fighting+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=2009-06-30&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-04130-1&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdYkMPfUSUAC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Smith, Winston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Fy1EcXEs9L4C&amp;hl=zh-TW">All Riot on the Western Front: The Montage Art of Winston Smith, Volume Three</a>. Last Gasp. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-86719-616-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-86719-616-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-86719-616-0</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125055512/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Fy1EcXEs9L4C&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Winston&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.btitle=All+Riot+on+the+Western+Front%3A+The+Montage+Art+of+Winston+Smith%2C+Volume+Three&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-86719-616-0&amp;rft.pub=Last+Gasp&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFy1EcXEs9L4C%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kitson, Alison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mwyp6RYFNhsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Germany, 1858-1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival</a>. Oxford University Press. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-913417-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-913417-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-19-913417-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050206/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=mwyp6RYFNhsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alison&amp;rft.aulast=Kitson&amp;rft.btitle=Germany%2C+1858-1990%3A+Hope%2C+Terror%2C+and+Revival&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-913417-5&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmwyp6RYFNhsC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bullock, Alan Bullock, Baron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/863207906">Hitler: a study in tyranny</a> Rev. London: Penguin. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-14-013564-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-14-013564-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0-14-013564-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/863207906"><span title="OCLC">OCLC&#160;863207906</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+Bullock%2C+Baron&amp;rft.aulast=Bullock&amp;rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+a+study+in+tyranny&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.edition=Rev.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-14-013564-2&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F863207906&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F863207906&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> Anthony Shaw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105095830/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=BRvPS51zNGgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:0760309396&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=9fz0T5m5BKPcmAWTzZCMBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">World War II Day by Day</a>. 英國倫敦: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarto_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarto Group(页面不存在)">Quarto Group</a>. 2000年7月30日. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780760309391" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7603-0939-1</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安恩·科修(页面不存在)">安恩·科修</a>(Ian Kershaw). Hitler: 1936-1945: Nemesis. 美國紐約: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="諾頓公司(页面不存在)">諾頓公司</a>(W. W. Norton &amp; Company). 2001年9月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393322521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Adamthwaite, Anthony P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YmleaUJLsqYC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Making of the Second World War</a>. Psychology Press. 1992 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-90716-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-90716-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-415-90716-3</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050217/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YmleaUJLsqYC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&amp;rft.aulast=Adamthwaite&amp;rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Second+World+War&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-90716-3&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYmleaUJLsqYC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Busky, Donald F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=K5Bxd7sq9KcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-275-97733-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-275-97733-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-275-97733-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125055516/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=K5Bxd7sq9KcC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Busky&amp;rft.btitle=Communism+in+History+and+Theory%3A+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+the+Americas&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-97733-7&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK5Bxd7sq9KcC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kantowicz, Edward R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWb8FEvxY2YC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Rage of Nations</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8028-4455-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8028-4455-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-8028-4455-2</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123201830/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=OWb8FEvxY2YC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&amp;rft.aulast=Kantowicz&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rage+of+Nations&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4455-2&amp;rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWb8FEvxY2YC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> Jeffery Record. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100411104102/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100411104102/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). DIANE Publishing. 2005年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781584872160" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58487-216-0</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Brody, J. Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0u-1Q-UoeQMC&amp;hl=zh-TW">The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935-1936</a>. Transaction Publishers. 1999-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4128-1777-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4128-1777-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-1-4128-1777-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052810/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=0u-1Q-UoeQMC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+Kenneth&amp;rft.aulast=Brody&amp;rft.btitle=The+Avoidable+War%3A+Pierre+Laval+and+the+Politics+of+Reality%2C+1935-1936&amp;rft.date=1999-01-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4128-1777-6&amp;rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0u-1Q-UoeQMC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zalampas, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=WrcA0sAqwgsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American Magazines, 1923-1939</a>. Popular Press. 1989 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87972-462-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87972-462-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-87972-462-7</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125050310/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=WrcA0sAqwgsC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Zalampas&amp;rft.btitle=Adolf+Hitler+and+the+Third+Reich+in+American+Magazines%2C+1923-1939&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87972-462-7&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWrcA0sAqwgsC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> Philip Jowett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100011/http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=u3ShWgWCa3MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=isbn:1841763535&amp;hl=zh-TW&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P2D1T9ftHoPomAWirJSbBQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Japanese Army 1931-45</a>. 英國牛津: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. 2002年1月25日. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841763538" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-353-8</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hsiung, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937-1945</a>. M.E. Sharpe. 1992-06-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-10-09</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7656-3632-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7656-3632-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-0-7656-3632-4</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125052106/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC&amp;hl=zh-TW">存档</a>于2022-11-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;rft.aufirst=James+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Hsiung&amp;rft.btitle=China%27s+Bitter+Victory%3A+The+War+with+Japan%2C+1937-1945&amp;rft.date=1992-06-10&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3632-4&amp;rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Yt6TTRdUzwC%26hl%3Dzh-TW&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源:<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?uselang=zh">第二次世界大戰</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php">Aerial Propaganda Leaflet Database</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140326040930/http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140326040930/http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm">Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110307141223/http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180130065138/http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/">The Art of War</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090627033645/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090627033645/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617094931/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">The Soviet-German War 1941-1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar2database.com/">The World War II Multimedia Database</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426163835/http://www.worldwar2database.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otr.net/?p=news">Vintage Newscasts</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090803184126/http://www.otr.net/?p=news">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090803184126/http://www.otr.net/?p=news">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.authentichistory.com/1939-1945/index.html">World War II</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161215005509/http://www.authentichistory.com/1939-1945/index.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:第二次世界大战"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="第二次世界大战" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第二次世界大战</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战概览列表">概覽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大戰戰役列表">戰役</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰戰鬥列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of World War II battles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰戰鬥列表(页面不存在)">戰鬥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" class="extiw" title="en:List of World War II battles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of World War II battles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰軍事行動列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of World War II military operations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰軍事行動列表(页面不存在)">軍事行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" class="extiw" title="en:List of World War II military operations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of World War II military operations</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li>領袖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大戰同盟國領袖">同盟國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="第二次世界大战轴心国领袖">軸心國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大戰各國指揮官列表">指揮官</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A4%E4%BA%A1%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="第二次世界大战各国伤亡统计">傷亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战会议列表">會議</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">簡介</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%A9%BA%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰空戰">空戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5%E6%88%98" title="闪电战">闪电战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E9%8A%9C" title="二戰各國軍銜">軍銜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6" title="二战密码学">密碼學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的宣戰行為" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Declarations of war during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%A3%E6%88%B0%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的宣戰行為(页面不存在)">宣戰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Declarations of war during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Declarations of war during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%B2" title="第二次世界大戰外交史">外交</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間流亡政府列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of governments in exile during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間流亡政府列表(页面不存在)">流亡政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:List of governments in exile during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of governments in exile during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的大後方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的大後方(页面不存在)">大後方</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的澳大利亞大後方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australian home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的澳大利亞大後方(页面不存在)">澳大利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Australian home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australian home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的英國大後方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Kingdom home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的英國大後方(页面不存在)">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:United Kingdom home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Kingdom home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的美國大後方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United States home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的美國大後方(页面不存在)">美國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:United States home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United States home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的太平洋群島大後方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pacific Islands home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的太平洋群島大後方(页面不存在)">太平洋群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islands_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Pacific Islands home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pacific Islands home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%9F%E5%80%9F%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="租借法案">租借法案</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="曼哈顿计划">曼哈顿计划</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="英国对曼哈顿计划的贡献">英國貢獻</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0" title="第二次世界大戰中的軍事勳章">軍事勳章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战武器装备列表">軍事裝備</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的軍事產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military production during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的軍事產業(页面不存在)">軍事產業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military production during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military production during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間海軍史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Naval history of World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間海軍史(页面不存在)">海軍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Naval history of World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Naval history of World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%8A%AB%E6%8E%A0" title="纳粹劫掠">纳粹劫掠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對第二次世界大戰的反對" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Opposition to World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="對第二次世界大戰的反對(页面不存在)">反對</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Opposition to World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Opposition to World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technology during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的科技(页面不存在)">科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Technology during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technology during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間同盟國技術合作" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間同盟國技術合作(页面不存在)">同盟國合作</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Allied technological cooperation during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Allied technological cooperation during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑椹港" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mulberry harbour"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A4%B9%E6%B8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桑椹港(页面不存在)">桑椹港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="extiw" title="en:Mulberry harbour"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mulberry harbour</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%88%98" title="总体战">总体战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8" title="第二次世界大戰戰略轟炸">戰略轟炸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰傀儡政權列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of World War II puppet states"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰傀儡政權列表(页面不存在)">傀儡政權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" class="extiw" title="en:List of World War II puppet states"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of World War II puppet states</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰中的女性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰中的女性(页面不存在)">女性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Women in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art and World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的藝術(页面不存在)">藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Art and World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art and World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的音樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的音樂(页面不存在)">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Music in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰戰區及戰場列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰戰區及戰場列表(页面不存在)">戰區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:List of theaters and campaigns of World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of theaters and campaigns of World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2-%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80" title="亞洲-太平洋戰區">亞洲及太平洋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA" title="第二次世界大战东南亚战区">東南亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="太平洋战争">太平洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80" title="第二次世界大戰太平洋戰區">太平洋中北部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E5%8C%BA" title="第二次世界大战西南太平洋战区">太平洋西南部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度洋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indian Ocean in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度洋(页面不存在)">印度洋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Indian Ocean in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indian Ocean in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA" title="第二次世界大战欧洲战场">歐洲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="西方战线 (第二次世界大战)">西方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">東方</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場">地中海、中東</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰非洲戰場">非洲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="北非戰場">非洲北部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="东非战役 (第二次世界大战)">非洲東部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="義大利戰役 (第二次世界大戰)">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French West Africa in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非(页面不存在)">非洲西部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French West Africa in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French West Africa in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年—1945年)">大西洋</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大西洋海年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋海年表(页面不存在)">時間軸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="美洲戰區 (第二次世界大戰)">美洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" title="第二次世界大战战后影响">影響</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="第二次国共内战">第二次国共内战</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" title="臺海現狀">臺灣海峽兩岸分治</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">朝鲜战争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="朝鲜半岛南北分治">朝鲜半岛南北分治</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次印度支那戰爭">第一次印度支那戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="希腊内战">希腊内战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="印度尼西亚民族革命">印度尼西亚独立革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="同盟國軍事佔領德國">同盟國軍事佔領德國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%97%E6%B2%B3%E2%80%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E7%B7%9A" title="奧得河—尼斯河線">奧得河—尼斯河線</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%BB%88%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="最终解决德国问题条约">最终解决德国问题条约</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">同盟國軍事佔領日本</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯軍事占領" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯軍事占領(页面不存在)">蘇聯軍事占領</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Military occupations by the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military occupations by the Soviet Union</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="苏联占领波罗的海国家 (1940年)">波羅的海國家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="匈牙利人民共和国">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰人民共和国">波蘭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯占領羅馬尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet occupation of Romania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯占領羅馬尼亞(页面不存在)">羅馬尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet occupation of Romania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet occupation of Romania</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96" title="去殖民化">去殖民化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%AF%B9%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%B1%E9%80%90" title="第二次世界大战战后对德意志人的驱逐">驅逐德意志人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="嚴責行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operation Keelhaul"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9A%B4%E8%B2%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="嚴責行動(页面不存在)">嚴責行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" class="extiw" title="en:Operation Keelhaul"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operation Keelhaul</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧索維亞金行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E7%B4%A2%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奧索維亞金行動(页面不存在)">奧索維亞金行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" class="extiw" title="en:Operation Osoaviakhim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operation Osoaviakhim</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%BA%B9%E9%92%88%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="回纹针行动">回纹针行动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="马歇尔计划">马歇尔计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰中的戰爭罪行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="War crimes in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰中的戰爭罪行(页面不存在)">戰爭罪行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:War crimes in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">War crimes in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="第二次世界大戰的同盟國戰爭罪行">同盟國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="蘇聯戰爭罪行">蘇聯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國戰爭罪行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British war crimes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="英國戰爭罪行(页面不存在)">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_war_crimes" class="extiw" title="en:British war crimes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British war crimes</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="美国战争罪行">美國</a></li></ul></li> <li>軸心國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B2%99" title="烏斯塔沙">克羅埃西亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="克罗地亚独立国对塞尔维亚人的种族迫害">迫害塞爾維亞人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="克罗地亚独立国大屠杀">猶太人大屠殺</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="德国战争罪行">德國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德意志國防軍戰爭罪行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="德意志國防軍戰爭罪行(页面不存在)">德意志國防軍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" class="extiw" title="en:War crimes of the Wehrmacht"><span lang="en" dir="auto">War crimes of the Wehrmacht</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8" title="第二次世界大战期间德国统治下的强迫劳动">強迫勞動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="纽伦堡审判">審判</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="意大利戰爭罪行">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="日本战争罪行">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">南京大屠殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="肅清大屠殺">肅清大屠殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="馬尼拉大屠殺">馬尼拉大屠殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/731%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="731部队">731部队</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="远东国际军事法庭">審判</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>性暴力 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%A6%93%E9%99%A2" title="納粹德國軍用妓院">德國軍用妓院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F%E5%A6%93%E9%99%A2" title="納粹德國集中營妓院">德國集中營妓院</a></li> <li>同盟國占領區強姦 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解放法國期間的強姦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rape during the liberation of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="解放法國期間的強姦(页面不存在)">法國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Rape during the liberation of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rape during the liberation of France</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6" title="同盟國佔領德國期間的強姦">德國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="同盟國占領日本期間的強姦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rape during the occupation of Japan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="同盟國占領日本期間的強姦(页面不存在)">日本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" class="extiw" title="en:Rape during the occupation of Japan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rape during the occupation of Japan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯占領波蘭期間的強姦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯占領波蘭期間的強姦(页面不存在)">波蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" class="extiw" title="en:Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解放塞爾維亞期間的強姦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="解放塞爾維亞期間的強姦(页面不存在)">塞爾維亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" class="extiw" title="en:Rape during the liberation of Serbia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rape during the liberation of Serbia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%87" title="慰安妇">慰安妇</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Marocchinate" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marocchinate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marocchinate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marocchinate(页面不存在)">Marocchinate</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marocchinate" class="extiw" title="en:Marocchinate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marocchinate</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%8F%82%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战参战国列表">參與者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="第二次世界大战期间的澳大利亚军事史">澳大利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="第二次世界大戰期間的比利時">比利時</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的巴西" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brazil in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的巴西(页面不存在)">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Brazil in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brazil in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgaria during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞(页面不存在)">保加利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgaria during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgaria during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(<a href="/wiki/1944%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%B2%E8%8B%8F%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="1944年保加利亚亲苏政变">1944年9月</a>以後)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的加拿大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canada in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的加拿大(页面不存在)">加拿大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Canada in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canada in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的古巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cuba during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的古巴(页面不存在)">古巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Cuba during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cuba during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="德國佔領捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="丹麥德佔時期">丹麥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次義大利衣索比亞戰爭">衣索比亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭(页面不存在)">芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Finland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉普兰战争">1944年9月</a>以後)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="第二次世界大战中的法国">法國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="自由法國">自由法國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="第二次世界大戰期間的希臘">希臘</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="India in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度(页面不存在)">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:India in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">India in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的義大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的義大利(页面不存在)">義大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="意大利内战">1943年9月</a>以後) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B" title="意大利联合交战陆军">意大利联合交战陆军</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的盧森堡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luxembourg in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的盧森堡(页面不存在)">盧森堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Luxembourg in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luxembourg in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">荷蘭</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間荷蘭軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間荷蘭軍事史(页面不存在)">軍事史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of the Netherlands during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of the Netherlands during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的紐西蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的紐西蘭(页面不存在)">紐西蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of New Zealand during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of New Zealand during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的紐芬蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的紐芬蘭(页面不存在)">紐芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Newfoundland during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Newfoundland during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="挪威戰役">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="第二次世界大戰期間的菲律賓">菲律賓</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的波蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的波蘭(页面不存在)">波蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland (1939–1945)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的南羅德西亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的南羅德西亞(页面不存在)">南羅德西亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Rhodesia in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Rhodesia in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romania in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞(页面不存在)">羅馬尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Romania in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romania in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="八二三武装起义">1944年8月</a>以後)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的獅子山" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sierra Leone in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的獅子山(页面不存在)">獅子山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Sierra Leone in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sierra Leone in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的南非" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of South Africa during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的南非(页面不存在)">南非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of South Africa during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of South Africa during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的蘇聯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet Union in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的蘇聯(页面不存在)">蘇聯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet Union in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet Union in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的史瓦帝尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eswatini in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的史瓦帝尼(页面不存在)">史瓦濟蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Eswatini in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eswatini in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的英國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的英國(页面不存在)">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的大英帝國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British Empire in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的大英帝國(页面不存在)">大英帝國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:British Empire in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British Empire in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的美國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of the United States during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的美國(页面不存在)">美國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of the United States during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of the United States during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="南斯拉夫抵抗運動">南斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD" title="轴心国">轴心国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的阿爾巴尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World War II in Albania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的阿爾巴尼亞(页面不存在)">阿爾巴尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" class="extiw" title="en:World War II in Albania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World War II in Albania</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%84%8F%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="阿尔巴尼亚意占时期">義大利占領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="阿尔巴尼亚德占时期">德國占領</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgaria during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞(页面不存在)">保加利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgaria during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgaria during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(1944年9月以前)</li> <li>中國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="汪精卫国民政府">汪精卫国民政府</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="克羅埃西亞獨立國">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭(页面不存在)">芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Finland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(1944年9月以前)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="第二次世界大战中的法国">法國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="维希法国">维希法国</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬印度支那" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Indochina in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬印度支那(页面不存在)">法屬印度支那</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French Indochina in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Indochina in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French West Africa in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非(页面不存在)">法屬西非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French West Africa in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French West Africa in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="第二次世界大战期间的匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="自由印度臨時政府">印度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B" title="印度国民军">印度国民军</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英國伊拉克戰爭">伊拉克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的義大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的義大利(页面不存在)">義大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(1943年9月以前) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利社会共和国">意大利社会共和国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">满洲国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="菲律賓第二共和國">菲律賓</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romania in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞(页面不存在)">羅馬尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Romania in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romania in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span>(1944年8月以前)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="第二次世界大战期间的泰国">暹羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)" title="斯洛伐克共和國 (1939年—1945年)">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰中立國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neutral powers during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰中立國(页面不存在)">中立國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Neutral powers during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neutral powers during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的愛爾蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irish neutrality during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的愛爾蘭(页面不存在)">愛爾蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Irish neutrality during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irish neutrality during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的葡萄牙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portugal during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的葡萄牙(页面不存在)">葡萄牙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Portugal during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portugal during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="第二次世界大戰期間的西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="第二次世界大戰期間的瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="兩次世界大戰期間的瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="第二次世界大戰期間的梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="第二次世界大战抵抗运动">抵抗運動</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="奥地利抵抗运动">奧地利</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比利時抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belgian Resistance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="比利時抵抗運動(页面不存在)">比利時</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" class="extiw" title="en:Belgian Resistance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belgian Resistance</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間保加利亞抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間保加利亞抵抗運動(页面不存在)">保加利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%B5%E5%BE%8C%E6%B8%B8%E6%93%8A%E9%9A%8A" title="中國敵後游擊隊">中國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E8%81%94%E5%86%9B" title="东北抗日联军">东北抗日联军</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="波希米亚和摩拉维亚保护国抵抗运动">捷克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麥抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish resistance movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麥抵抗運動(页面不存在)">丹麥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Danish resistance movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish resistance movement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941%E2%80%941944%E5%B9%B4%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%8A%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="1941—1944年爱沙尼亚抗德抵抗运动">愛沙尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿貝格諾赫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arbegnoch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%B2%9D%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%BE%E8%B5%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿貝格諾赫(页面不存在)">衣索比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbegnoch" class="extiw" title="en:Arbegnoch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arbegnoch</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="法國抵抗運動">法國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="德国抵抗运动">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="希臘抵抗運動">希臘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="義大利抵抗運動">義大利</a></li> <li>韓國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%89%E5%BE%A9%E8%BB%8D" title="韓國光復軍">韓國光復軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%87%E8%BB%8D" title="朝鮮義勇軍">朝鮮義勇軍</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1941年至1945年拉脫維亞反德抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31945%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%8F%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1941年至1945年拉脫維亞反德抵抗運動(页面不存在)">拉脫維亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" class="extiw" title="en:Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間立陶宛抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間立陶宛抵抗運動(页面不存在)">立陶宛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Resistance in Lithuania during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Resistance in Lithuania during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盧森堡抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luxembourg Resistance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="盧森堡抵抗運動(页面不存在)">盧森堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" class="extiw" title="en:Luxembourg Resistance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luxembourg Resistance</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E5%86%9B" title="马来亚人民抗日军">馬來亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dutch resistance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭抵抗運動(页面不存在)">荷蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_resistance" class="extiw" title="en:Dutch resistance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dutch resistance</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="挪威抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Norwegian resistance movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="挪威抵抗運動(页面不存在)">挪威</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Norwegian resistance movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Norwegian resistance movement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律賓反日抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippine resistance against Japan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E5%8F%8D%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律賓反日抵抗運動(页面不存在)">菲律賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine resistance against Japan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippine resistance against Japan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間波蘭抵抗運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間波蘭抵抗運動(页面不存在)">波蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Polish resistance movement in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish resistance movement in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="罗马尼亚反共抵抗运动">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="自由泰人运动">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="斯洛伐克民族起义">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%8F%8D%E6%8A%97%E8%BB%8D" title="烏克蘭反抗軍">烏克蘭</a></li> <li>越南 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="越南國民黨">越南國民黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%9C%83" title="越南獨立同盟會">越南獨立同盟會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%92%8C%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E9%98%9F" title="南斯拉夫人民解放军和游击队">南斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BF%98" title="战俘">战俘</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="芬蘭的蘇聯戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="芬蘭的蘇聯戰俘(页面不存在)">芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet prisoners of war in Finland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet prisoners of war in Finland</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li>德國戰俘 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯的德國戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯的德國戰俘(页面不存在)">蘇聯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞塞拜然的德國戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%84%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亞塞拜然的德國戰俘(页面不存在)">亞塞拜然</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" class="extiw" title="en:German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國的德國戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German prisoners of war in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="美國的德國戰俘(页面不存在)">美國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:German prisoners of war in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German prisoners of war in the United States</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國的德國戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="英國的德國戰俘(页面不存在)">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的日本戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的日本戰俘(页面不存在)">日本戰俘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese prisoners of war in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japanese prisoners of war in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%BB%AF%E7%95%99%E8%80%85" title="西伯利亞滯留者">蘇聯</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%98%E4%BF%98" title="苏联的意大利战俘">蘇聯的義大利戰俘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98" title="蘇聯的芬蘭戰俘">蘇聯的芬蘭戰俘</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯的波蘭戰俘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯的波蘭戰俘(页面不存在)">蘇聯的波蘭戰俘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="extiw" title="en:Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98" title="蘇聯的羅馬尼亞戰俘">蘇聯的羅馬尼亞戰俘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战年表">時間軸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E8%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0" title="第二次世界大戰起因">前奏</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿比西尼亞危機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abyssinia Crisis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿比西尼亞危機(页面不存在)">非洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" class="extiw" title="en:Abyssinia Crisis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abyssinia Crisis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰在亞洲的導火索" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Events preceding World War II in Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8E%E7%81%AB%E7%B4%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰在亞洲的導火索(页面不存在)">亞洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Events preceding World War II in Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Events preceding World War II in Asia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%B0%8E%E7%81%AB%E7%B7%9A" title="第二次世界大戰歐洲導火線">歐洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1939%E5%B9%B4)" title="第二次世界大战年表 (1939年)">1939年</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">波蘭戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%88%B0" title="假戰">假戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="桂南会战">桂南会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="冬季战争">冬季战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年—1945年)">大西洋海戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次长沙战役">第一次长沙战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%94%BB%E5%8A%BF" title="冬季攻势">冬季攻势</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="第二次世界大战年表 (1940年)">1940年</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="德国入侵丹麦">德国入侵丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="挪威戰役">挪威戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="德国入侵卢森堡">德国入侵卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="荷蘭戰役">荷蘭戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="比利時戰役">比利時戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="法國戰役">法國戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%A3%E5%AE%9C%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="枣宜会战">枣宜会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="不列顛戰役">不列顛戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="西部沙漠战役">西部沙漠战役</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="義大利入侵英屬索馬利蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="義大利入侵英屬索馬利蘭(页面不存在)">義大利入侵英屬索馬利蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" class="extiw" title="en:Italian invasion of British Somaliland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Italian invasion of British Somaliland</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%9B%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="百团大战">百团大战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="佔領波羅的海國家">佔領波羅的海國家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%AF%94%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3" title="苏联占领比萨拉比亚和北布科维纳">苏联占领比萨拉比亚和北布科维纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="日軍入侵法屬印度支那">日軍入侵法屬印度支那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="希意戰爭">希意戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%9B%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="羅盤行動">羅盤行動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1941%E5%B9%B4)" title="第二次世界大战年表 (1941年)">1941年</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AB%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="豫南会战">豫南会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A2%9D%E5%B1%B1%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" title="中條山會戰">中條山會戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" title="东非战役 (第二次世界大战)">東非戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="南斯拉夫戰役">南斯拉夫戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%AB%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="上高会战">上高会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="希臘戰役">希臘戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="克里特島戰役">克里特島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英國伊拉克戰爭">英國伊拉克戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85%E8%96%A9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴巴羅薩行動">巴巴羅薩行動</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="夏季戰爭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Summer War"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="夏季戰爭(页面不存在)">夏季戰爭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_War" class="extiw" title="en:Summer War"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Summer War</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="继续战争">继续战争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E7%8B%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="銀狐作戰">銀狐作戰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="立陶宛六月起義">立陶宛六月起義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E-%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="敘利亞-黎巴嫩戰場">敘利亞-黎巴嫩戰場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4)" title="基輔戰役 (1941年)">基輔戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="英苏入侵伊朗">英苏入侵伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" title="列寧格勒圍城戰">列寧格勒圍城戰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間對高爾基的轟炸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%B0%8D%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間對高爾基的轟炸(页面不存在)">高爾基轟炸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Bombing of Gorky in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bombing of Gorky in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="莫斯科戰役">莫斯科戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941942%E5%B9%B4)" title="塞瓦斯托波爾圍城戰 (1941年—1942年)">塞瓦斯托波爾圍城戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件">珍珠港事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%A1%9B%E6%88%B0" title="香港保衛戰">香港保衛戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941942%E5%B9%B4)" title="菲律賓戰役 (1941年—1942年)">菲律賓戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="第二次长沙战役">第二次长沙战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬來亞戰役">馬來亞戰役</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北婆羅洲戰役 (1941年—1942年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941942%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="北婆羅洲戰役 (1941年—1942年)(页面不存在)">北婆羅洲戰役</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="希臘大饑荒">希臘大饑荒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1942年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of World War II (1942)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1942%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1942年)(页面不存在)">1942年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of World War II (1942)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of World War II (1942)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="日本入侵缅甸">日本入侵緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="第三次长沙会战">第三次长沙会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="爪哇海海战">爪哇海海战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="帝汶戰役">帝汶戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="珊瑚海海战">珊瑚海海战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="加扎拉戰役">加扎拉戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%B8%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="荷蘭港戰役">荷蘭港戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%96%E5%B3%B6" title="日軍佔領阿圖島">日軍佔領阿圖島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%B3%B6" title="日軍佔領基斯卡島">日軍佔領基斯卡島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E8%B5%A3%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="浙赣战役">浙赣战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="中途岛海战">中途岛海战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%BE%A4%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="熱澤夫戰役">熱澤夫戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="藍色方案">藍色方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="斯大林格勒战役">斯大林格勒战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="新加坡戰役">新加坡戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="圣纳泽尔战役">聖納澤爾戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E8%80%B6%E6%99%AE%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="迪耶普戰役">迪耶普戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="第二次阿拉曼战役">第二次阿拉曼战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="瓜達爾卡納爾島戰役">瓜達爾卡納爾島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%82%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="火炬行動">火炬行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942%E5%B9%B4%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E9%A5%A5%E8%8D%92" title="1942年河南饥荒">中國河南饑荒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1943年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of World War II (1943)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1943%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1943年)(页面不存在)">1943年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of World War II (1943)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of World War II (1943)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="突尼西亞戰役">突尼西亞戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="鄂西会战">鄂西会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="库尔斯克会战">库尔斯克会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1943%E5%B9%B4)" title="斯摩棱斯克戰役 (1943年)">斯摩棱斯克戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="索羅門群島戰役">索羅門群島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%96%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="阿圖島戰役">阿圖島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="西西里島戰役">西西里島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E8%88%8D%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="茅舍行動">茅舍行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="下第聶伯河攻勢">下第聶伯河攻勢</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="入侵義大利">義大利投降</a></b> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="卡西比爾停戰協定">卡西比爾停戰協定</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9-%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="吉爾伯特-馬紹爾群島战役">吉爾伯特-馬紹爾群島战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="緬甸戰役">緬甸戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%BC%85%E5%8C%97%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="滇西缅北战役">滇西缅北战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="常德会战">常德会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E9%A5%A5%E8%8D%92" title="1943年孟加拉饥荒">孟加拉饑荒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1944年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of World War II (1944)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1944%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1944年)(页面不存在)">1944年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of World War II (1944)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of World War II (1944)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%AB%BE%E5%B1%B1%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="卡西諾山戰役">卡西諾山戰役</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="鵝卵石行動">鵝卵石行動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1944%E5%B9%B4)" title="納爾瓦戰役 (1944年)">納爾瓦戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E9%81%9C-%E5%A5%91%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="科爾遜-契爾卡塞攻勢">科爾遜-契爾卡塞攻勢</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴風雪行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operation Tempest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%A2%A8%E9%9B%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="暴風雪行動(页面不存在)">暴風雪行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tempest" class="extiw" title="en:Operation Tempest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operation Tempest</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AB%E6%B9%98%E6%A1%82%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="豫湘桂会战">豫湘桂会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E7%8E%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="霸王行动">霸王行动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86" title="诺曼底登陆">诺曼底登陆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%B8%95%E5%8B%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="馬里亞納群島及帕勞戰役">馬里亞納群島及帕勞戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E6%98%82%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴格拉基昂行動">巴格拉基昂行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB-%E6%A1%91%E5%A4%9A%E6%A2%85%E6%97%A5%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="利沃夫-桑多梅日攻勢">利沃夫-桑多梅日攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E8%83%BD%E5%A0%A1%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="坦能堡防線戰役">坦能堡防線戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="华沙起义">华沙起义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF-%E5%A5%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%99%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="第二次雅西-奇西瑙攻勢">第二次雅西-奇西瑙攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="貝爾格勒攻勢">貝爾格勒攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="解放巴黎">解放巴黎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="龍騎兵行動">龍騎兵行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="哥德防線">哥德防線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="市場花園行動">市場花園行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="塔林攻勢">塔林攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%93%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="十字弓行動">十字弓行動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯合轟炸機攻勢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合轟炸機攻勢(页面不存在)">聯合轟炸機攻勢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" class="extiw" title="en:Combined Bomber Offensive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Combined Bomber Offensive</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉普兰战争">拉普兰战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1944%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31945%E5%B9%B4)" title="菲律賓戰役 (1944年至1945年)">菲律賓戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="雷伊泰灣海戰">雷伊泰灣海戰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯雷姆防線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Syrmian Front"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86%E9%98%B2%E7%B7%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯雷姆防線(页面不存在)">斯雷姆防線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrmian_Front" class="extiw" title="en:Syrmian Front"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Syrmian Front</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="布達佩斯攻勢">布達佩斯攻勢</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" title="布達佩斯圍城戰">布達佩斯圍城戰</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="緬甸戰役 (1944年—1945年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1944%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="緬甸戰役 (1944年—1945年)(页面不存在)">緬甸戰役</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" class="extiw" title="en:Burma campaign (1944–1945)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burma campaign (1944–1945)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%87%BA%E9%83%A8%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="突出部之役">突出部之役</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%9D%BF%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="地板行動">地板行動</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭饑荒 (1944年—1945年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92_(1944%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭饑荒 (1944年—1945年)(页面不存在)">荷蘭饑荒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" class="extiw" title="en:Dutch famine of 1944–1945"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1945年以後)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1945%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%BE%8C)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰年表 (1945年以後)(页面不存在)">1945年以後</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%97%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="維斯瓦河-奧得河攻勢">維斯瓦河-奧得河攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1945%E5%B9%B4)" title="馬尼拉戰役 (1945年)">馬尼拉戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA%E5%B2%9B%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="硫磺岛战役">硫磺岛战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E8%A3%99%E8%88%9E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="草裙舞计划">草裙舞计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" title="中歐會戰">中歐會戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="沖繩島戰役">沖繩島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9F%B3%E5%8F%8D%E6%94%BB%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="桂柳反攻作戰">桂柳反攻作戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" title="湘西会战">湘西会战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%BD%88%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="葡萄彈行動">葡萄彈行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="柏林戰役">柏林戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="布拉格攻勢">布拉格攻勢</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%90%E6%9D%9F" title="第二次世界大戰歐洲戰場的結束">德國投降</a></b> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E6%9B%B8" title="德國無條件投降書">德國無條件投降書</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1945%E5%B9%B4)" title="婆羅洲戰役 (1945年)">婆羅洲戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2" title="臺北大空襲">臺北大空襲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E5%AF%B9%E6%97%A5%E7%82%AE%E5%87%BB" title="二战期间同盟国海军对日炮击">同盟國海軍對日砲擊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="蘇日戰爭">八月風暴行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1945%E5%B9%B4)" title="庫頁島戰役 (1945年)">庫頁島戰役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="千島群島登陸行動">千島群島登陸行動</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%AE%88%E5%B2%9B%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="占守岛战役">占守岛战役</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="1945年越南饑荒">越南饑荒</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">日本投降</a></b> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A" title="波茨坦公告">波茨坦公告</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8" title="降伏文書">降伏文書</a>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="Category:第二次世界大战">分類</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="Template:第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="Template talk:第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%8F%82%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="第二次世界大战参战国列表">第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲<br /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="北非戰場">北非</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的比屬剛果" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belgian Congo in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E5%B1%AC%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的比屬剛果(页面不存在)">比屬剛果</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Belgian Congo in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belgian Congo in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="義大利征服英屬索馬利蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italian conquest of British Somaliland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="義大利征服英屬索馬利蘭(页面不存在)">英屬索馬利蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_conquest_of_British_Somaliland" class="extiw" title="en:Italian conquest of British Somaliland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Italian conquest of British Somaliland</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的埃及" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Egypt in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的埃及(页面不存在)">埃及</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Egypt in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Egypt in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%B1%AC%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="義屬衣索比亞">衣索比亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬索馬利蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Somaliland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬索馬利蘭(页面不存在)">法屬索馬利蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Somaliland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French Somaliland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Somaliland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French West Africa in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬西非(页面不存在)">法屬西非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French West Africa in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French West Africa in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的甘比亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Gambia in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%94%98%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的甘比亞(页面不存在)">甘比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:The Gambia in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Gambia in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="第二次世界大战中的加纳">黃金海岸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的肯亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kenya in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%82%AF%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的肯亞(页面不存在)">肯亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Kenya in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kenya in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%B4%E6%AF%94%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9E" title="第二次世界大戰期間的賴比瑞亞">賴比瑞亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="第二次世界大戰期間的馬達加斯加">馬達加斯加</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的摩洛哥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Morocco in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的摩洛哥(页面不存在)">摩洛哥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Morocco in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Morocco in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="突尼西亞戰役">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的尼亞薩蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nyasaland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%96%A9%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的尼亞薩蘭(页面不存在)">尼亞薩蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyasaland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Nyasaland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nyasaland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的獅子山" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sierra Leone in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的獅子山(页面不存在)">獅子山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Sierra Leone in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sierra Leone in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間南非軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of South Africa during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間南非軍事史(页面不存在)">南非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of South Africa during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of South Africa during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的南羅德西亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的南羅德西亞(页面不存在)">南羅德西亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Rhodesia in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Rhodesia in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="第二次世界大战中的拉丁美洲">拉美</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="第二次世界大戰期間的阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西瓦爾加斯時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vargas Era"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西瓦爾加斯時期(页面不存在)">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_Era" class="extiw" title="en:Vargas Era"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vargas Era</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的加拿大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canada in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的加拿大(页面不存在)">加拿大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Canada in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canada in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的哥倫比亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Colombia during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的哥倫比亞(页面不存在)">哥倫比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Colombia during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Colombia during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的古巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cuba during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的古巴(页面不存在)">古巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Cuba during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cuba during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩爾瓦多軍事獨裁時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="薩爾瓦多軍事獨裁時期(页面不存在)">薩爾瓦多</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="en:Military dictatorship in El Salvador"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military dictatorship in El Salvador</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墨西哥軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Mexico"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="墨西哥軍事史(页面不存在)">墨西哥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Mexico" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Mexico"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Mexico</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間紐芬蘭軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間紐芬蘭軍事史(页面不存在)">紐芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Newfoundland during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Newfoundland during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的巴拿馬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Panama during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的巴拿馬(页面不存在)">巴拿馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Panama during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Panama during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間美國軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of the United States during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間美國軍事史(页面不存在)">美國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of the United States during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of the United States during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的亞利桑那" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arizona during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的亞利桑那(页面不存在)">亞利桑那</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Arizona during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arizona during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的內華達" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nevada during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A7%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的內華達(页面不存在)">內華達</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Nevada during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nevada during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的新墨西哥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New Mexico during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的新墨西哥(页面不存在)">新墨西哥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:New Mexico during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New Mexico during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的波多黎各人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Puerto Ricans in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%BB%8E%E5%90%84%E4%BA%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的波多黎各人(页面不存在)">波多黎各</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Puerto Ricans in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Puerto Ricans in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的烏拉圭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uruguay during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的烏拉圭(页面不存在)">烏拉圭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Uruguay during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uruguay during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的委內瑞拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Venezuela during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的委內瑞拉(页面不存在)">委內瑞拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Venezuela during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Venezuela during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">亞洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="緬甸戰役">緬甸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的錫蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ceylon in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%8C%AB%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的錫蘭(页面不存在)">錫蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Ceylon in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ceylon in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">中國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">滿洲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="荷屬東印度日佔時期">荷屬東印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="香港日佔時期">香港</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="India in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的印度(页面不存在)">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:India in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">India in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬印度支那" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Indochina in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法屬印度支那(页面不存在)">法屬印度支那</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:French Indochina in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Indochina in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="英苏入侵伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英國伊拉克戰爭">伊拉克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的日本" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japan during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的日本(页面不存在)">日本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Japan during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japan during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="马来亚日占时期">馬來亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" title="第二次世界大戰期間的尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="第二次世界大戰期間的菲律賓">菲律賓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="英屬婆羅洲日佔時期">北婆羅洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="新加坡日佔時期">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="第二次世界大战期间的泰国">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="第二次世界大戰期間的外蒙古">蒙古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%96%E7%93%A6" title="第二次世界大戰期間的圖瓦">圖瓦</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土耳其一黨專政時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8%E5%B0%88%E6%94%BF%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="土耳其一黨專政時期(页面不存在)">土耳其</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:One-party period of the Republic of Turkey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">One-party period of the Republic of Turkey</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歐洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的阿爾巴尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World War II in Albania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的阿爾巴尼亞(页面不存在)">阿爾巴尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" class="extiw" title="en:World War II in Albania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World War II in Albania</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="德奧合併">奧地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="第二次世界大戰期間的比利時">比利時</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgaria during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的保加利亞(页面不存在)">保加利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgaria during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgaria during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇台德區問題">捷克斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥受佔領時期">丹麥</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的格陵蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Greenland in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的格陵蘭(页面不存在)">格陵蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Greenland in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Greenland in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="第二次世界大戰中的愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finland during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的芬蘭(页面不存在)">芬蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Finland during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finland during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的法國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="France during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的法國(页面不存在)">法國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:France during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">France during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的北巴斯克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World War II in the Basque Country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的北巴斯克(页面不存在)">北巴斯克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" class="extiw" title="en:World War II in the Basque Country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World War II in the Basque Country</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="第二次世界大戰期間的希臘">希臘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="第二次世界大战期间的匈牙利">匈牙利</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的喀爾巴阡魯塞尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的喀爾巴阡魯塞尼亞(页面不存在)">喀爾巴阡魯塞尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="第二次世界大战中的冰岛">冰島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81_(%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0)" title="紧急状态 (爱尔兰)">愛爾蘭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間義大利軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間義大利軍事史(页面不存在)">義大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1940年蘇聯佔領拉脫維亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940%E5%B9%B4%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1940年蘇聯佔領拉脫維亞(页面不存在)">拉脫維亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的的立陶宛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的的立陶宛(页面不存在)">立陶宛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Resistance in Lithuania during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Resistance in Lithuania during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的盧森堡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luxembourg in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的盧森堡(页面不存在)">盧森堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Luxembourg in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luxembourg in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">荷蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="德占挪威时期">挪威</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的波蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的波蘭(页面不存在)">波蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland (1939–1945)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的葡萄牙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portugal during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的葡萄牙(页面不存在)">葡萄牙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Portugal during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portugal during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romania in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的羅馬尼亞(页面不存在)">羅馬尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Romania in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romania in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="斯洛伐克历史">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的斯洛維尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovene Lands in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的斯洛維尼亞(页面不存在)">斯洛維尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Lands_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Slovene Lands in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovene Lands in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的蘇聯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet Union in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的蘇聯(页面不存在)">蘇聯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet Union in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet Union in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的亞塞拜然" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Azerbaijan in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%84%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的亞塞拜然(页面不存在)">亞塞拜然</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Azerbaijan in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Azerbaijan in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的白俄羅斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byelorussia in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的白俄羅斯(页面不存在)">白俄羅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byelorussia_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Byelorussia in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byelorussia in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="烏克蘭歷史">烏克蘭</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="第二次世界大戰期間的西班牙">西班牙</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的加泰隆尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catalonia and World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E9%9A%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的加泰隆尼亞(页面不存在)">加泰羅尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia_and_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Catalonia and World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catalonia and World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的加利西亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galicia and World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的加利西亞(页面不存在)">加利西亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_and_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Galicia and World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galicia and World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="第二次世界大戰期間的瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="兩次世界大戰期間的瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間英國軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間英國軍事史(页面不存在)">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的大英帝國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British Empire in World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的大英帝國(页面不存在)">大英帝國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:British Empire in World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British Empire in World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的海峽群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German occupation of the Channel Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的海峽群島(页面不存在)">海峽群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:German occupation of the Channel Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German occupation of the Channel Islands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的直布羅陀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的直布羅陀(页面不存在)">直布羅陀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Gibraltar during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Gibraltar during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="第二次世界大戰期間的梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="南斯拉夫抵抗運動">南斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰澳大利亞軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Australia during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰澳大利亞軍事史(页面不存在)">澳大利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Australia during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Australia during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吉爾伯特群島日佔時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="吉爾伯特群島日佔時期(页面不存在)">吉爾伯特群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E9%B2%81%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="诺鲁日占时期">諾魯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰紐西蘭軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰紐西蘭軍事史(页面不存在)">紐西蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of New Zealand during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of New Zealand during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所羅門群島日佔時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="所羅門群島日佔時期(页面不存在)">所羅門群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大戰期間的太平洋群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pacific Islands home front during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰期間的太平洋群島(页面不存在)">太平洋群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">(</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islands_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Pacific Islands home front during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pacific Islands home front during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">)</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-wvvjw","wgBackendResponseTime":226,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.430","walltime":"5.064","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25192,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1755765,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":42904,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":533802,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3826.283 1 -total"," 42.17% 1613.408 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.14% 1153.294 5 Template:Military_navigation"," 24.47% 936.256 142 Template:Cite_book"," 19.50% 746.211 167 Template:Link-en"," 13.60% 520.310 1 Template:第二次世界大战"," 7.41% 283.462 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 7.07% 270.490 1 Template:第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區"," 6.97% 266.594 1 Template:Navbox"," 4.94% 188.893 29 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.288","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11241140,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdamthwaite1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAksar2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrea_L._Stanton,_Edward_Ramsamy,_Peter_J._Seybolt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFApplebaum\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAuthor2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBacon1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilhartz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilinsky1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlinkhorn1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrody1999\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullNewell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullock1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurcherRydill1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusky2002\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFChaney1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChant1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChickeringFörsterGreiner2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChubarov2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoble2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollierPedley2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoogan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoox1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidsonTessler1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonnellyDonnelly1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornbuschDornbuschNöllingLayard1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrea2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDunn1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmadi-Coffin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvansPeattie1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiscus2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank,_Willard_C.1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrei2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerwarth\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlantz1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGranville2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrenville2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanhimäkiHanhimaki1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHavighurst1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHearn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHempel2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinkelmanGenzberger1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoskingHosking2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsiung1992\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFIRIYEIriye2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndependenceUs\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKantowicz1999\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKantowicz2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellogg2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellyReesShuter1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitson2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKlam2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnell2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnorrMorgan1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeffler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiberman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLightbody2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLindbergTodd2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandelbaumMandelbaum1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMay1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGowen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilward1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiscamble2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMitcham2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorison2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrayMillett2009\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMyersPeattie1984\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNeillands2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiewykNicosia2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Reilly2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPape1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerez1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinkus2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlessisPete2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPravdaDuncanAlexAffairs1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrins2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadiophoto1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRatcliff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2006\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRopp2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRottman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRotundo1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyall2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaleckerSalecker2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitz2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSenn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharp.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepardson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpsonMazal_Holocaust_Collection1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolsten1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommerville2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpring1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFState1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwain2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompsonRandall2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrachtenberg1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTwitchettFairbank1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnit1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberg1994\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberg2005\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWelch1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelle_(www.dw.com)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWettig2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWohlstetter1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoder1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZalampas1989\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZeiler2004\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"-\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CHN-1928\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox World War II\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 142,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 29,\n [\"Col-3\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-break\"] = 2,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"De\"] = 2,\n [\"Details\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 11,\n [\"En\"] = 201,\n [\"Flag\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 10,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 12,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 11,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 6,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Le\"] = 6,\n [\"Link-en\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTA\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"ReflistF\"] = 1,\n [\"ReflistH\"] = 2,\n [\"See Also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Tsl\"] = 1,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 65,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh-cn\"] = 1,\n [\"第二次世界大战\"] = 1,\n [\"第二次世界大戰期間的各國家/地區\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","540","22.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","19.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","10.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","220","9.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","7.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","2.5"],["(for generator)","40","1.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","1.7"],["type","40","1.7"],["[others]","440","18.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6bc5fbd784-gcrh7","timestamp":"20250217143804","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q362","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q362","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-02-20T00:27:54Z","dateModified":"2025-02-17T14:37:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/zh\/3\/36\/World_War_II_Infobox_collage.png","headline":"\u767c\u751f\u65bc1939\u5e74\u52301945\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6230\u722d"}</script> </body> </html>

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