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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Damascus rootpage-Damascus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Damascus" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Damascus" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Damascus" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Damascus" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geirdarddiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geirdarddiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geirdarddiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geirdarddiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daearyddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daearyddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daearyddiaeth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Daearyddiaeth</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hinsawdd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinsawdd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hinsawdd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinsawdd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Damascus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 197 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">197 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimasq" title="Dimasq - Acehneg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Dimasq" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Circaseg Gorllewinol" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Circaseg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B5%E1%89%86" title="ደማስቆ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደማስቆ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1s" title="Domás - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Domás" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasik%E1%BB%8Ds" title="Damasikọs - Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Damasikọs" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A9" title="ܕܪܡܣܘܩ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܪܡܣܘܩ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="ديمشق - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ديمشق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="ডামাস্কাছ - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডামাস্কাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Димишкъ - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Димишкъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="दमिश्क - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="दमिश्क" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99m%C9%99%C5%9Fq" title="Dəməşq - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəməşq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskos" title="Damaskos - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Damaskos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsik" title="Damsik - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Damsik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsyik" title="Damsyik - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Damsyik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="দামেস্ক - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দামেস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="དྷ་མ་སི་ཁོ་སི། - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དྷ་མ་སི་ཁོ་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i-m%C4%81-s%C3%A1ik" title="Dâi-mā-sáik - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi-mā-sáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Димашкъ - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Димашкъ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دیمەشق - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیمەشق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime%C5%9Fq" title="Dimeşq - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dimeşq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama%C5%A1ek" title="Damašek - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Damašek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Дамаскъ - Hen Slafoneg" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Дамаскъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Hen Slafoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%9D%DE%B0%DE%A4%DE%AA" title="ދިމިޝްޤު - Difehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިމިޝްޤު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Difehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δαμασκός - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δαμασκός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskos" title="Damaskos - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Damaskos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam%C3%A2sc" title="Damâsc - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Damâsc" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Damaisc" title="An Damaisc - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Damaisc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndam%C3%A1ko" title="Ndamáko - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ndamáko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉 - Gotheg" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakeko" title="Kamakeko - Hawäieg" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kamakeko" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawäieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="דמשק - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמשק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="दमिश्क़ - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दमिश्क़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszkusz" title="Damaszkusz - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Damaszkusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դամասկոս - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դամասկոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դամասկոս - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Դամասկոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ダマスカス - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダマスカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="დამასკო - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამასკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damashq" title="Damashq - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Damashq" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimecq" title="Dimecq - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Dimecq" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamas%C9%A9" title="Tamasɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tamasɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡಮಾಸ್ಕಸ್ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಮಾಸ್ಕಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="다마스쿠스 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다마스쿠스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damesek" title="Damesek - Iddew-Sbaeneg" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Damesek" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskas" title="Damaskas - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Damaskas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaska" title="Damaska - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Damaska" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमासकस - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दमासकस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Mocsia" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask%C3%B4sy" title="Damaskôsy - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Damaskôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahiku" title="Ramahiku - Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ramahiku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ദമാസ്കസ് - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദമാസ്കസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsyik" title="Damsyik - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Damsyik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasku" title="Damasku - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Damasku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဒမားစကပ်မြို့ - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒမားစကပ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Дамаск ош - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Дамаск ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3niy%C4%99%C4%99sh%C3%AD" title="Tóniyęęshí - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tóniyęęshí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Nianja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nianja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B8" title="ଡାମାସକସ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡାମାସକସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" title="ਦਮਸ਼ਕ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਮਸ਼ਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Picardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszek" title="Damaszek - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damaszek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimashq" title="Dimashq - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Dimashq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasche" title="Damasche - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Damasche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasiko" title="Damasiko - Ciniarŵandeg" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Damasiko" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniarŵandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дамаскус - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дамаскус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱰᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱚᱥ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱚᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="දමස්කස් - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දමස්කස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimishiq" title="Dimishiq - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dimishiq" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasku" title="Damasku - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Damasku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameski" title="Dameski - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dameski" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszek" title="Damaszek - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Damaszek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="திமிஷ்கு - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திமிஷ்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D2%9B" title="Димишқ - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Димишқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ดามัสกัส - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดามัสกัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99m%C9%99%C5%A1k" title="Dəməšk - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dəməšk" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A4%C5%9Fq" title="Dimäşq - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Dimäşq" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask%C9%94s" title="Damaskɔs - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Damaskɔs" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%82" title="دەمەشىق - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دەمەشىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damashq" title="Damashq - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Damashq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A4jk" title="Dimäjk - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dimäjk" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大马士革 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大马士革" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="დამასკო - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დამასკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="דמשק - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דמשק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0m%C3%A1sk%C3%B9" title="Dàmáskù - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dàmáskù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大马士革 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大马士革" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大馬士革 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大馬士革" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大馬士革 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大馬士革" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3766#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Damascus"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Damascus"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Damascus" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Damascus" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&oldid=11023501" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Damascus&id=11023501&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDamascus"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDamascus"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Damascus"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Damascus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Damascus" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3766" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Damascus</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Damascus,_Syria,_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg/280px-Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg/420px-Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg/560px-Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_Panorama_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td><a href="/wiki/Dinas" title="Dinas">dinas</a>, dinas fawr, populated place in Syria, national capital, y ddinas fwyaf <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="center">LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Damasc.wav, Q3766-ar.oga <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P443" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Poblogaeth</th><td>2,584,771 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P1082" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth llywodraeth</th><td>Bishr Al Sabban <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cylchfa amser</th><td>UTC+03:00 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gefeilldref/i</th><td><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; overflow:auto;" data-expandtext="Dangos" data-collapsetext="Cuddio"><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Denizli, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Emirate of Dubai, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athen" title="Athen">Athen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fflorens" title="Fflorens">Fflorens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bwcar%C3%A9st" title="Bwcarést">Bwcarést</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba">Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P190" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Iaith/Ieithoedd<br />  swyddogol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P37" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Daearyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o'r canlynol</th><td>Hauran <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sir</th><td>Rhaglawiaeth Damascus <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P131" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gwlad</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Syria"><img alt="Baner Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwynebedd</th><td>105 km² <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P2046" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Uwch y môr</th><td>680 ±1 metr <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P2044" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gerllaw</th><td>Barada <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P206" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfesurynnau</th><td>33.51°N 36.29°E <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P625" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth y Llywodraeth</th><td>Bishr Al Sabban <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="8" data-lat="33.51" data-lon="36.29" data-overlays="["_33eb4cef9d56a23ea3b9bbb4d25d00a04eeeb04c"]" href="/wiki/Arbennig:Map/8/33.51/36.29/cy"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,33.51,36.29,280x250.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Damascus&revid=11023501&groups=_33eb4cef9d56a23ea3b9bbb4d25d00a04eeeb04c" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,33.51,36.29,280x250@2x.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Damascus&revid=11023501&groups=_33eb4cef9d56a23ea3b9bbb4d25d00a04eeeb04c 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Damascus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Damascus">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Comin</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766" class="extiw" title="d:Q3766">golygwch ar Wicidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Damascus</b> neu <b>Dimashq</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a> دمشق), a elwir hefyd <b>Esh Sham</b> ar lafar yn Arabeg, yw prifddinas <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fe'i gelwir yn aml, yn Syria, fel <i><span title="ar ALA transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">aš-Šām</span></i> (<span lang="ar">الشَّام</span>) a'i enw "Dinas <a href="/wiki/Jasmin" title="Jasmin">Jasmin</a>" (<b><span lang="ar">مَدِينَة الْيَاسْمِين</span></b> <span title="ar ALA transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Madīnat al-Yāsmīn</span>). </p><p>Fe'i lleolir yn ne-ddwyrain y wlad, yn agos i'r ffin â <a href="/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus">Libanus</a> ac mae ganddi boblogaeth o tua 2,584,771 <span style="font-size:85%">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-72f8405ec6193f8a87179220459b933e0b4888ed-v7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-72f8405ec6193f8a87179220459b933e0b4888ed-v7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ac arwynebedd o tua 105 km2. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daeth yn ddinas fwyaf y wlad yn gynnar yn y 2010au, yn dilyn y dirywiad ym mhoblogaeth <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> wedi Brwydr Aleppo (2012–2016). Mae Damascus yn ganolfan ddiwylliannol fawr yn y <a href="/wiki/Lefant" title="Lefant">Lefant</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Y_Byd_Arabaidd" title="Y Byd Arabaidd">byd Arabaidd</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Dimashq206.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dimashq206.jpg/350px-Dimashq206.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dimashq206.jpg/525px-Dimashq206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dimashq206.jpg/700px-Dimashq206.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Golygfa yng nghanol Damascus</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn ne-orllewin Syria, mae Damascus yn ganolbwynt ardal fetropolitan fawr sydd wedi'i hymgorffori ar odre dwyreiniol y mynyddoedd, 80 cilomedr (50 milltir) i mewn i'r tir o lan ddwyreiniol <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_y_Canoldir" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr y Canoldir">Môr y Canoldir</a> ar lwyfandir 680 metr (2,230 tr) uwch lefel y môr. Yma, ceir hinsawdd sych oherwydd yr effaith y "glaw cysgodol". Llifa Afon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barada (dim tudalen ar gael)">Barada</a> trwy Damascus. </p><p>Mae hi'n un o ddinasoedd hynaf yn y byd ac yn ddinas fasnachol o'r cychwyn un. Roedd yn un o ddeg dinas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y_Decapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y Decapolis (dim tudalen ar gael)">y Decapolis</a> yn nghyfnod <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Rufeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Rufeinig">y Rhufeiniaid</a>. Yno y ceir y <a href="/wiki/Stryd_a_elwir_Syth" title="Stryd a elwir Syth">Stryd a elwir Syth</a>. Ar ei ffordd i Ddamascus y cafodd sant <a href="/wiki/Paul_o_Darsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul o Darsus">Paul o Darsus</a> ei droedigaeth. </p><p>Mae'r Fosg Fawr, a elwir weithiau'n "<a href="/wiki/Mosg_yr_Ummaiaid" title="Mosg yr Ummaiaid">Fosg yr Ummaiaid</a> yn un o'r rhai pwysicaf yn y byd Arabaidd. Dywedir bod <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Fedyddiwr" title="Ioan Fedyddiwr">Ioan Fedyddiwr</a> wedi'i gladdu yno ac mae'n sanctaidd i <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Fwslemiaid</a> a <a href="/wiki/Cristnogaeth" title="Cristnogaeth">Christnogion</a> fel ei gilydd. </p><p>Dan reolaeth <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> roedd Damascus yn ganolfan weinyddol bwysig. Mae beddrod Saladin i'w gweld yn y ddinas heddiw. Roedd hi dan reolaeth yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Ottoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Ottoman">Ottomaniaid</a> o <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a> hyd <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. Cipiwyd y ddinas gan <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a> yn <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. Daeth yn brifddinas y Syria annibynnol yn <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geirdarddiad">Geirdarddiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Geirdarddiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geirdarddiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ymddangosodd enw Damascus gyntaf yn rhestr ddaearyddol Thutmose III fel T-m-ś-q yn y 15g CC. Mae etymoleg yr enw hynafol "T-m-ś-q" yn ansicr.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yr enw Cymraeg, Saesneg a Lladin y ddinas yw "Damascus", a fewnforiwyd o'r Groeg <b>Δαμασκός</b> ac a darddodd o'r "Qumranic Darmeśeq (<b>דרמשק</b>), a Darmsûq (<b>ܕܪܡܣܘܩ</b>) yn Syrieg", sy'n golygu "gwlad sydd wedi'i dyfrio'n dda".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daearyddiaeth">Daearyddiaeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Daearyddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Daearyddiaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adeiladwyd Damascus mewn safle strategol ar lwyfandir 680 m (2,230 tr) uwch lefel y môr a thua 80 km (50 milltir) i mewn i'r tir o Fôr y Canoldir. Fe'i cysgodir gan fynyddoedd "Gwrth-Libanus" (<i>Jibāl Lubnān ash-Sharqiyyah</i>), gyda chyflenwad dŵr o Afon Barada. Mae'n groesffordd rhwng llwybrau masnach: y llwybr gogledd-de sy'n cysylltu'r <a href="/wiki/Aifft" class="mw-redirect" title="Aifft">Aifft</a> ag <a href="/wiki/Asia_Leiaf" title="Asia Leiaf">Asia Leiaf</a>, a'r llwybr traws-anialwch o'r dwyrain i'r gorllewin sy'n cysylltu <a href="/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus">Libanus</a> â dyffryn afon <a href="/wiki/Ewffrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewffrates">Ewffrates</a>. Mae'r mynyddoedd Gwrth-Libanus yn nodi'r ffin rhwng <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> a Libanus.<sup id="cite_ref-romeartlover_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romeartlover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae'r gadwyn yma o gopaon, sydd dros 10,000 troedfedd, yn blocio <a href="/wiki/Dyodiad" title="Dyodiad">dyodiad</a> o fôr Môr y Canoldir, fel bod rhanbarth Damascus weithiau'n lle sych. Fodd bynnag, yn yr hen amser cafodd hyn ei liniaru gan Afon Barada, sy'n tarddu o nentydd mynydd sy'n cael eu bwydo gan eira'n dadmer. Mae Damascus wedi'i amgylchynu gan y "Ghouta", tir ffermio ffrwythlon wedi'i ddyfrhau, lle mae llawer o lysiau, <a href="/wiki/Grawnfwyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Grawnfwyd">grawnfwydydd</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ffrwyth" title="Ffrwyth">ffrwythau</a> wedi'u ffermio ers cyn cof. Mae mapiau o Syria Rufeinig yn nodi bod afon Barada wedi gwagio i mewn i lyn i'r dwyrain o Damascus. Heddiw fe'i gelwir yn Bahira Atayba, "y llyn petrusgar" oherwydd mewn blynyddoedd o sychder difrifol nid yw hyd yn oed yn bodoli. </p><p>Mae gan y ddinas fodern ardal o 105 km2 (41 metr sgwâr), y mae 77 km2 (30 metr sgwâr) ohoni yn drefol, a Jabal Qasioun yw'r gweddill.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae hen ddinas Damascus, wedi'i hamgáu gan waliau'r ddinas, ar lan ddeheuol afon Barada sydd bron yn sych. I'r de-ddwyrain, y gogledd a'r gogledd-ddwyrain mae wedi'i hamgylchynu gan ardaloedd maestrefol y mae eu hanes yn ymestyn yn ôl i'r <a href="/wiki/Oesoedd_Canol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesoedd Canol">Oesoedd Canol</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midan (dim tudalen ar gael)">Midan</a> yn y de-orllewin, Sarouja ac Imara yn y gogledd a'r gogledd-orllewin. Cododd y cymdogaethau hyn yn wreiddiol ar ffyrdd sy'n arwain allan o'r ddinas, ger beddrodau pobl crefyddol nodedig. </p><p>Yn y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> datblygodd pentrefi pellennig ar lethrau Jabal Qasioun, yn edrych dros y ddinas, a oedd eisoes yn safle cymdogaeth al-Salihiyah wedi'i ganoli ar gysegrfa bwysig Sheikh Andalusaidd ganoloesol a'r athronydd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Arabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Arabi (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ibn Arabi</a>. Cafodd y cymdogaethau newydd hyn eu sefydlu i ddechrau gan filwyr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cwrdiaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cwrdiaid (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cwrdaidd</a> a ffoaduriaid <a href="/wiki/Mwslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwslim">Mwslimaidd</a> o ranbarthau <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewropeaidd</a> yr <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Otomanaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd">Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd</a> a oedd wedi dod o dan lywodraeth Gristnogol. Felly fe'u gelwid yn al-Akrad (y Cwrdiaid) ac al-Muhajirin (yr ymfudwyr). Maent yn gorwedd 2–3 km (1–2 milltir) i'r gogledd o'r hen ddinas. </p><p>O ddiwedd y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> ymlaen, datblygodd canolfan weinyddol a masnachol lwyddiannus i'r gorllewin o'r hen ddinas, o amgylch y Barada, wedi'i chanoli ar yr ardal a elwir yn al-Marjeh neu'r "Ddôl". Yn fuan daeth Al-Marjeh yn enw ar yr hyn a oedd yn sgwâr canolog Damascus modern, gyda neuadd y ddinas wedi'i leoli yno. Roedd y llysoedd cyfiawnder, y brif swyddfa bost a gorsaf reilffordd yn sefyll ar dir uwch, ychydig i'r de. Cyn bo hir, dechreuwyd adeiladu y rhan preswyl Ewropeaidd ar y ffordd sy'n arwain rhwng al-Marjeh ac al-Salihiyah. Yn raddol, symudodd canolfan fasnachol a gweinyddol y ddinas newydd tua'r gogledd ychydig tuag at yr ardal hon. </p><p>Yn yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a>, datblygodd <a href="/wiki/Maestref" title="Maestref">maestrefi</a> newydd i'r gogledd o'r Barada, ac i raddau i'r de, gan ymestyn i fewn i werddon Ghouta.Ym 1956–1957, daeth cymdogaeth newydd Yarmouk yn ail gartref i filoedd o ffoaduriaid <a href="/wiki/Palesteina" title="Palesteina">Palesteinaidd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roedd yn well gan gynllunwyr dinasoedd warchod y Ghouta cyn belled ag y bo modd. Ar ddiwedd yr 20g roedd rhai o'r prif datblygiadau i'w gweld yn y gogledd, yng nghymdogaeth orllewinol Mezzeh ac yn fwyaf diweddar ar hyd dyffryn Barada yn Dummar yn y gogledd orllewin ac ar lethrau'r mynyddoedd yn Berze yn y gogledd-ddwyrain. Mae ardaloedd tlotach, a adeiladir yn aml heb ganiatad swyddogol, wedi datblygu i'r de o'r brif ddinas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinsawdd">Hinsawdd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Hinsawdd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hinsawdd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae gan Damascus hinsawdd lled-cras, oer - y math a elwir yn "Bsk" yn system <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köppen-Geiger (dim tudalen ar gael)">Köppen-Geiger</a>, oherwydd effaith cysgodol glaw y mynyddoedd Gwrth-Libanus a cheryntau'r cefnfor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r hafau'n hir, yn sych ac yn boeth gyda llai o leithder. Mae'r gaeafau'n cŵl ac yn wlyb braidd; anaml y ceir cwymp eira. Byr ac ysgafn yw'r hydref, ond mae ganddo'r newid tymheredd yn sydyn, yn wahanol i'r gwanwyn lle mae'r newid i'r haf yn fwy graddol a chyson. Mae'r glawiad blynyddol oddeutu 130 mm (5 mewn), yn digwydd rhwng Hydref a Mai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damascus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlmaany_Team" class="citation web">Almaany Team. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A1/">"معنى كلمة الفَيْحَاءُ في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط – معجم عربي عربي – صفحة 1"</a>. <i>almaany.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022301/https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A1/">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 25 Hydref 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">24 Hydref</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=almaany.com&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89+%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%92%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%8F+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7+%E2%80%93+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%E2%80%93+%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9+1&rft.au=Almaany+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaany.com%2Far%2Fdict%2Far-ar%2F%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ADamascus" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-72f8405ec6193f8a87179220459b933e0b4888ed-v7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-72f8405ec6193f8a87179220459b933e0b4888ed-v7_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/damascus-population">"Damascus Population 2023"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">3 Rhagfyr</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damascus+Population+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Fdamascus-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ADamascus" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albaath.news <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?act=print&id=811&a=73882">statement by the governor of Damascus, Syria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516062342/http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?act=print&id=811&a=73882">Archifwyd</a> 16 Mai 2011 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:In_lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:In lang (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:In lang</a>, Ebrill 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">List I, 13 in J. Simons, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi-idb-static.uchicago.edu/multimedia/2380/simons_topographical_lists_1937.pdf">Handbook for the Study of Egyptian Topographical Lists relating to Western Asia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726072325/https://oi-idb-static.uchicago.edu/multimedia/2380/simons_topographical_lists_1937.pdf">Archifwyd</a> 26 Gorffennaf 2018 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></i>, Leiden 1937. See also Y. AHARONI, <i>The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography</i>, London 1967, t 147, Rhif. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Paul E. Dion (Mai 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1988-05_270/page/98">"<i>Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times Until Its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 BC.</i>, Wayne T. Pitard"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i> (270): 98. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1357008">1357008</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1988-05_270/page/98">https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1988-05_270/page/98</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Frank Moore Cross (Chwefror 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1972-02_205/page/40">"The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i> (205): 40. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1356214">1356214</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1972-02_205/page/40">https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-american-schools-of-oriental-research_1972-02_205/page/40</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAl-WerCaubetWatson2007" class="citation book">Miller, Catherine; Al-Wer, Enam; Caubet, Dominique; Watson, Janet C.E. (2007). <i>Arabic in the City: Issues in Dialect Contact and Language Variation</i>. Routledge. t. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1135978761" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1135978761"><bdi>978-1135978761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic+in+the+City%3A+Issues+in+Dialect+Contact+and+Language+Variation&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1135978761&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Al-Wer%2C+Enam&rft.au=Caubet%2C+Dominique&rft.au=Watson%2C+Janet+C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ADamascus" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romeartlover-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-romeartlover_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">romeartlover, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Damasco1.html">"Damascus: the ancient town"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151008020818/http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Damasco1.html">Archifwyd</a> 8 Hydref 2015 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121028075616/http://dma-upd.org/PublicFiles/File/Discussion%20Papers/02_Strategy%20and%20Frameworks%20for%20the%20Damascus%20City%20Urbanization%20to%20Guide%20the%20City%20Master%20Plan%20Revision_R1.pdf?lang=en">"DMA-UPD Discussion Paper Series No.2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Damascus Metropolitan Area Urban Planning and Development. October 2009. t. 2. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dma-upd.org/PublicFiles/File/Discussion%20Papers/02_Strategy%20and%20Frameworks%20for%20the%20Damascus%20City%20Urbanization%20to%20Guide%20the%20City%20Master%20Plan%20Revision_R1.pdf?lang=en">gwreiddiol</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> ar 2012-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DMA-UPD+Discussion+Paper+Series+No.2&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Damascus+Metropolitan+Area+Urban+Planning+and+Development&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdma-upd.org%2FPublicFiles%2FFile%2FDiscussion%2520Papers%2F02_Strategy%2520and%2520Frameworks%2520for%2520the%2520Damascus%2520City%2520Urbanization%2520to%2520Guide%2520the%2520City%2520Master%2520Plan%2520Revision_R1.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ADamascus" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Palestinian refugees in Syria. Their past, present and future. Dr. Hamad Said al-Mawed, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">M. Kottek; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif">"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"</a>. <i>Meteorol. Z.</i> <b>15</b> (3): 259–263. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MetZe..15..259K">2006MetZe..15..259K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130">10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif">http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd 1 Awst 2013</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTyson2010" class="citation web">Tyson, Patrick J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climates.com/ASIA/PDF/SYR02ASA.pdf">"SUNSHINE GUIDE TO THE DAMASCUS AREA, SYRIA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. climates.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511211807/http://www.climates.com/ASIA/PDF/SYR02ASA.pdf">Archifwyd</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> o'r gwreiddiol ar 11 Mai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">26 Tachwedd</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUNSHINE+GUIDE+TO+THE+DAMASCUS+AREA%2C+SYRIA&rft.pub=climates.com&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Tyson&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climates.com%2FASIA%2FPDF%2FSYR02ASA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ADamascus" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awdurdod" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Awdurdod" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awdurdod" class="mw-redirect" title="Awdurdod">Awdurdod</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-143055">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146573830">146573830</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79143055">n79143055</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4010956-2">4010956-2</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge553249&CON_LNG=ENG">ge553249</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452306">XX452306</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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