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id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Parent company</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><img alt="Globe icon." src="//web.archive.org/web/20150508195924im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" width="48" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150508195924im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150508195924im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290"/></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit">improve this article</a> and discuss the issue on the <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Parent_company" title="Talk:Parent company">talk page</a>.</span> <small><i>(December 2010)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <p>A <b>parent company</b> is a <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company" title="Company">company</a> that owns enough <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_share" title="Voting share" class="mw-redirect">voting stock</a> in another firm to control management and operation by doing and influencing or electing its <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>; the second company being deemed as a <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> of the parent company. The definition of a parent company differs by <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>, with the definition normally being defined by way of <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies_law" title="Companies law">laws dealing with companies</a> in that <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Definitions_from_around_the_world"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Definitions from around the world</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Singapore"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Singapore</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Definitions_from_around_the_world">Definitions from around the world</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions from around the world">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Australia">Australia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The parent company-subsidiary company relationship is defined by Part 1.2, Division 6, Section 46 of the <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporations_Act_2001" title="Corporations Act 2001">Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)</a>, which states:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <blockquote> <p>A <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_corporate" title="Body corporate" class="mw-redirect">body corporate</a> (in this section called the first body ) is a <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> of another body corporate if, and only if:</p> <dl> <dd>(a) the other body: <dl> <dd>(i) controls the composition of the first body's board; or</dd> <dd>(ii) is in a position to cast, or control the casting of, more than one-half of the maximum number of votes that might be cast at a <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_meeting" title="General meeting" class="mw-redirect">general meeting</a> of the first body; or</dd> <dd>(iii) holds more than one-half of the issued share capital of the first body (excluding any part of that issued share capital that carries no right to participate beyond a specified amount in a distribution of either profits or capital); or</dd> </dl> </dd> <dd>(b) the first body is a subsidiary of a subsidiary of the other body.</dd> </dl> </blockquote> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singapore">Singapore</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Singapore">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The parent company-subsidiary company relationship is defined by Part 1, Section 5, Subsection 1 of the <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companies_Act_(Singapore)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Companies Act (Singapore) (page does not exist)">Companies Act</a>, which states:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <blockquote> <p>5. —(1) For the purposes of this Act, a corporation shall, subject to subsection (3), be deemed to be a subsidiary of another corporation, if —</p> <dl> <dd>(a) that other corporation — <dl> <dd>(i) controls the composition of the board of directors of the first-mentioned corporation;</dd> <dd>(ii) controls more than half of the voting power of the first-mentioned corporation; or</dd> <dd>(iii) holds more than half of the issued share capital of the first-mentioned corporation (excluding any part thereof which consists of preference shares and treasury shares); or</dd> </dl> </dd> <dd>(b) the first-mentioned corporation is a subsidiary of any corporation which is that other corporation's subsidiary.</dd> </dl> </blockquote> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In the UK it is generally held that an organisation holding a <b>"controlling stake"</b> in a company (a holding of over 51% of the stock) is in effect the de facto parent company of the firm, having overriding material influence over the held company's operations, even if no formal full takeover has been enacted. Once a full takeover or purchase <b>is</b> enacted, then the held company is seen to have ceased to operate as an independent entity and become a tending subsidiary of the purchasing company, which in turn becomes the parent company of the subsidiary. (A holding below 50% could be sufficient to give a parent company material influence if they are the largest individual shareholder or if they are placed in control of the running of the operation by non-operational shareholders).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_interest" title="Minority interest">Minority interest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parent_company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508195924/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/ca2001172/s46.html">"CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 46"</a>. <a href="/web/20150508195924/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AustLII" title="AustLII" class="mw-redirect">AustLII</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-30</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParent+company&rft.btitle=CORPORATIONS+ACT+2001+-+SECT+46&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fnum_act%2Fca2001172%2Fs46.html&rft.pub=AustLII&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508195924/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=2006-REVED-50&doctitle=COMPANIES%20ACT%0a&date=latest&method=part&sl=1&segid=1162543710-000060#1162543711-000913">"Definition of subsidiary and holding company"</a>. Singapore Statutes Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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