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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2003–2006:_initial_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003–2006:_initial_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>2003–2006: initial insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003–2006:_initial_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–2008:_insurgency_to_civil_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–2008:_insurgency_to_civil_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2006–2008: insurgency to civil war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–2008:_insurgency_to_civil_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008–2011:_low-level_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2011:_low-level_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2008–2011: low-level insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2011:_low-level_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2011–2013:_American_withdrawal_and_renewed_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011–2013:_American_withdrawal_and_renewed_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2011–2013: American withdrawal and renewed insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011–2013:_American_withdrawal_and_renewed_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militant_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militant_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Militant organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Militant_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Militant organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Militant_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab_nationalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_nationalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Arab nationalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_nationalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ba'athists_and_pro-Saddamists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ba'athists_and_pro-Saddamists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Ba'athists and pro-Saddamists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ba'athists_and_pro-Saddamists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraqi_nationalists_(non-Ba'athist)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_nationalists_(non-Ba'athist)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Iraqi nationalists (non-Ba'athist)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_nationalists_(non-Ba'athist)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shia_militias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia_militias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Shia militias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia_militias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_inefficacy_and_Iranian_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_inefficacy_and_Iranian_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Government inefficacy and Iranian support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_inefficacy_and_Iranian_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Badr_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Badr_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Badr Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Badr_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muqtada_al-Sadr's_Mahdi_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muqtada_al-Sadr's_Mahdi_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muqtada_al-Sadr's_Mahdi_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Foreign participants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_fighters'_nationality_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_fighters'_nationality_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Foreign fighters' nationality distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_fighters'_nationality_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi,_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq,_and_Sunni_jihadists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi,_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq,_and_Sunni_jihadists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, al-Qaeda in Iraq, and Sunni jihadists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi,_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq,_and_Sunni_jihadists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schism_between_foreign_fighters_and_native_Iraqi_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schism_between_foreign_fighters_and_native_Iraqi_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Schism between foreign fighters and native Iraqi insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schism_between_foreign_fighters_and_native_Iraqi_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Covert_Iranian_military_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Covert_Iranian_military_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Covert Iranian military involvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Covert_Iranian_military_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awareness_of_American_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awareness_of_American_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awareness of American public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awareness_of_American_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraqi_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Iraqi public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scope_and_size_of_the_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope_and_size_of_the_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Scope and size of the insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope_and_size_of_the_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American-led_counter-insurgency_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American-led_counter-insurgency_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>American-led counter-insurgency operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American-led_counter-insurgency_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>News articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supportive_of_the_insurgents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supportive_of_the_insurgents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Supportive of the insurgents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supportive_of_the_insurgents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Profiles_of_insurgent_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profiles_of_insurgent_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Profiles of insurgent groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Profiles_of_insurgent_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جماعات مسلحة عراقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جماعات مسلحة عراقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="عیراق دیرنیشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیراق دیرنیشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Іракскія паўстанцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іракскія паўстанцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurg%C3%A8ncia_iraquiana" title="Insurgència iraquiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Insurgència iraquiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakiske_opr%C3%B8rere" title="Irakiske oprørere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Irakiske oprørere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakischer_Widerstand" title="Irakischer Widerstand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irakischer Widerstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgencia_iraqu%C3%AD_(2003-2011)" title="Insurgencia iraquí (2003-2011) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Insurgencia iraquí (2003-2011)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B3%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B1)" title="شورش عراق (۲۰۰۳–۲۰۱۱) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورش عراق (۲۰۰۳–۲۰۱۱)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rilla_irakienne" title="Guérilla irakienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guérilla irakienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%C4%8Dki_gerilci" title="Irački gerilci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Irački gerilci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerriglia_irachena" title="Guerriglia irachena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerriglia irachena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opstanden_in_Irak_sinds_2003" title="Opstanden in Irak sinds 2003 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Opstanden in Irak sinds 2003" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_irakiske_oppr%C3%B8rerne" title="De irakiske opprørerne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De irakiske opprørerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroq_isyonchilari" title="Iroq isyonchilari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iroq isyonchilari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt 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insurgency (2003–11)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sectarian/anti-government warfare in American-occupied Iraq</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Iraqi insurgency</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two masked Iraqi men with weapons during the insurgency that followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg/220px-Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg/330px-Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg/440px-Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><br />Insurgents in northern Iraq, 2006</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 May 2003 – 18 December 2011<br />(8 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Inconclusive </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">2003–2006 insurgency phase</a> deteriorates into <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">2006–2008 civil war</a></li> <li>20,000+ additional American soldiers deployed to Iraq to quell violence in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">troop surge of 2007</a></li> <li>Coalition failure to defeat Iraqi insurgency<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>End of American military presence in Iraq with <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">2007–2011 withdrawal</a></li> <li>Continued <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </p> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/21px-Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/33px-Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/43px-Flag_of_Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="196" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">MNF–I</a><br />(2003–09)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (2003–09) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (2003–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> (2004–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (2004–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (2005–08) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (2003–07) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> (2003–07) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (2003–06) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (2003–06) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (2003–05) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (2003–05) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (2003–05) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> (2003–04) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (2003–unknown) </li></ul> </div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">New Iraqi government</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraqi Police</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Sons of Iraq</a> <b>Supported by</b>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="679" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Artesh</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/14px-Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/28px-Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="723" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/15px-Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/23px-Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png/30px-Seal_of_NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Training_Mission_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="NATO Training Mission – Iraq">NATO Training Mission – Iraq</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishku201863_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishku201863-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath loyalists</a></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg/15px-Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg/23px-Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg/30px-Fedayeen_Saddam_SSI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="438" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a> (2003 Only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">SCJL</a> (from 2007) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">JRTN</a> (from 2006)</li></ul></li></ul></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <b>Sunni insurgents</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–06)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a><sup id="cite_ref-YouTube_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Sunnah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="346" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar al-Sunnah">Ansar al-Sunnah</a> (2003–07)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg/23px-Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg/35px-Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg/46px-Iraqi_Islamic_Resistance_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="636" /></span></span></span> Iraqi Islamic Resistance Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Others</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/23px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/35px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/46px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <b>Shia insurgents</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a> (2003–2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/45px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Promised Day Brigades">Promised Day Brigades</a> (from 2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/23px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/35px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/46px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_Groups_(Iraq)" title="Special Groups (Iraq)">Special Groups</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/23px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/35px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/46px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="385" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1378" data-file-height="774" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr Brigades">Badr Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Others</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Natynczyk" title="Walter Natynczyk">Walter Natynczyk</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Ayad Allawi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari" title="Ibrahim al-Jaafari">Ibrahim al-Jaafari</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salimi" title="Mohammad Salimi">Mohammad Salimi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ataollah_Salehi" title="Ataollah Salehi">Ataollah Salehi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/15px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/23px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/30px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abid_Hamid_Mahmud" title="Abid Hamid Mahmud">Abid Hamid Mahmud</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taha_Yasin_Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taha Yasin Ramadan">Taha Yasin Ramadan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Omar al-Baghdadi">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdullah_al-Shafi%27i" title="Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i">Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> Ishmael Jubouri</td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg/45px-Flag_of_Promised_Day_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Kaabi" title="Akram al-Kaabi">Akram al-Kaabi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/23px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/35px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG/46px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="385" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis" title="Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis">Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1378" data-file-height="774" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mahdi_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2310" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Qais_al-Khazali" class="mw-redirect" title="Qais al-Khazali">Qais al-Khazali</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iraq_War_(Outline)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Iraq_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Iraq War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Iraq_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Iraq War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Iraq_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Iraq War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iraq_War_(Outline)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Outline of the Iraq War">Outline</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><u><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">Timeline</a></u></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Iraq" title="2003 in Iraq">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Iraq" title="2004 in Iraq">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Iraq" title="2005 in Iraq">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Iraq" title="2006 in Iraq">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Iraq" title="2007 in Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion (2003)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Qasr" title="Battle of Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Faw_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Faw (2003)">Al Faw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2003)" title="Battle of Basra (2003)"><b>1st Basra</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah"><b>Nasiriyah</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_Karbala" title="2003 attack on Karbala">Raid on Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha_Dam" title="Battle of Haditha Dam">Haditha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2003)" title="Battle of Najaf (2003)">1st Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay"><i>Northern Delay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Viking_Hammer" title="Operation Viking Hammer"><i>Viking Hammer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samawah_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samawah (2003)">Samawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2003)" title="Battle of Karbala (2003)">1st Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Kut_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Kut (2003)">Al Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hillah_(2003)" title="Battle of Hillah (2003)"><b>Hillah</b></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Green_Line_(2003)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Green Line (2003) (page does not exist)">Green Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Karbala_Gap_(2003)" title="Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)">Karbala Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Kani_Domlan_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Kani Domlan Ridge (page does not exist)">Kani Domlan Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)"><b>Baghdad</b></a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">Post-invasion insurgency (2003–2006)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Anbar campaign (2003–2011)"><b>Al Anbar</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Qusay_and_Uday_Hussein" title="Killing of Qusay and Uday Hussein">Killing of Qusay & Uday Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Offensive_(2003)" title="Ramadan Offensive (2003)"><b>1st Ramadan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Latifiya_ambush" title="2003 Latifiya ambush">Latifiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein"><i>Capture of Saddam Hussein</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_spring_fighting_of_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq spring fighting of 2004"><b>Spring 2004</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Karbala_City_Hall" title="Defense of the Karbala City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Al_Kut_(2004)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Al Kut (2004) (page does not exist)">Al Kut</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Битва за Ель-Кут">uk</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Saber" title="Operation Iron Saber"><b>Iron Saber</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah"><b>1st Fallujah</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sadr_City" title="Siege of Sadr City"><b>Sadr City</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2004)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2004)">1st Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_KBR_convoy_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Iraq KBR convoy ambush">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Husaybah_(2004)" title="Battle of Husaybah (2004)">Husaybah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danny_Boy" title="Battle of Danny Boy">Danny Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2004)" title="Battle of Najaf (2004)">2nd Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_CIMIC_House" title="Battle of the CIMIC House">CIMIC-House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah"><b>2nd Fallujah</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2004)" title="Battle of Mosul (2004)">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tharthar_raid" title="Lake Tharthar raid">Lake Tharthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Al Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hit_convoy_ambush" title="2005 Hit convoy ambush">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha" title="Battle of Haditha">Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel_Curtain" title="Operation Steel Curtain"><i>Steel Curtain</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2005)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2005)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2006)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2006)">2nd Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward"><i>Together Forward</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diwaniya" title="Battle of Diwaniya">Diwaniya</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Civil war (2006–2008)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Offensive_(2006)" title="Ramadan Offensive (2006)"><b>2nd Ramadan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinbad" title="Operation Sinbad"><i>Sinbad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amarah" title="Battle of Amarah">Amarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turki" title="Battle of Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyala_campaign" title="Diyala campaign"><b>Diyala</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_Street" title="Battle of Haifa Street">Haifa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid" title="Karbala provincial headquarters raid">Karbala Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2007)" title="Battle of Najaf (2007)">3rd Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Imposing_Law" title="Operation Imposing Law"><i>Imposing Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_UK_bases_in_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of UK bases in Basra">U.K. bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Eagle" title="Operation Black Eagle"><i>Black Eagle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Thunder" title="Operation Phantom Thunder"><b>Baghdad belts</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baqubah" title="Battle of Baqubah">Baqubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donkey_Island" title="Battle of Donkey Island">Donkey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shurta_Nasir" title="Operation Shurta Nasir">Shurta Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike"><i>Phantom Strike</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2007)" title="Battle of Karbala (2007)">2nd Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Phoenix" title="Operation Phantom Phoenix"><i>Phantom Phoenix</i></a></li></ul> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency (2008–2011)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraqi_Day_of_Ashura_fighting" title="2008 Iraqi Day of Ashura fighting">2008 Day of Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nineveh_campaign" title="2008 Nineveh campaign"><b>Nineveh</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_spring_fighting_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq spring fighting of 2008"><b>Spring 2008</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2008)" title="Battle of Basra (2008)">2nd Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_al-Qaeda_offensive_in_Iraq" title="2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq"><b>2008 al-Qaeda Offensive</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Augurs_of_Prosperity" title="Operation Augurs of Prosperity">Augurs of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Abu_Kamal_raid" title="2008 Abu Kamal raid">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Palm_Grove" title="Battle of the Palm Grove">Palm Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_raid_on_Camp_Ashraf" title="2011 raid on Camp Ashraf">Camp Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">US withdrawal violence</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Iraq_War_terrorism" title="Template:Campaignbox Iraq War terrorism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Iraq_War_terrorism" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Iraq War terrorism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Iraq_War_terrorism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Iraq War terrorism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War"><span class="wrap">List of bombings during the Iraq War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>‡</b> <i>indicates attacks resulting in over 100 deaths</i><br /> § indicates the deadliest attack in the Iraq War<br /><i>This list only includes major attacks.</i> <dl><dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_bombing_of_Jordanian_embassy_in_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 bombing of Jordanian embassy in Baghdad">1st Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing" title="Canal Hotel bombing">2nd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_Shrine_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali Shrine bombing">Najaf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/27_October_2003_Baghdad_bombings" title="27 October 2003 Baghdad bombings">3rd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Nasiriyah_bombing" title="2003 Nasiriyah bombing">1st Nasiriyah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Karbala_bombings" title="2003 Karbala bombings">1st Karbala</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Erbil_bombings" title="2004 Erbil bombings"><b>‡</b> 1st Erbil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Ashura_massacre" title="2004 Ashura massacre"><b>‡</b> Ashoura</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/21_April_2004_Basra_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="21 April 2004 Basra bombings">1st Basra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Mosul_bombings" title="2004 Mosul bombings">1st Mosul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/14_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">4th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/30_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">5th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Karbala_and_Najaf_bombings" title="2004 Karbala and Najaf bombings">Karbala & Najaf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Baqubah_bombing" title="2004 Baqubah bombing">1st Baqubah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Kufa_mosque_bombing" title="2004 Kufa mosque bombing">Kufa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Forward_Operating_Base_Marez_bombing" title="2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing">Marez</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Al-Suwaira_fuel_dump_explosion" title="Al-Suwaira fuel dump explosion">Suwaira bombing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2005 Al Hillah bombing"><b>‡</b> 1st Al Hillah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Erbil_bombing" title="2005 Erbil bombing">2nd Erbil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Musayyib_bombing" title="2005 Musayyib bombing"><b>‡</b> Musayyib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/17_August_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2005 Baghdad bombings">6th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/14_September_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 7th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Balad_bombings" title="2005 Balad bombings">1st Balad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Khanaqin_bombings" title="2005 Khanaqin bombings">Khanaqin</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/5_January_2006_Karbala%E2%80%93Ramadi_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="5 January 2006 Karbala–Ramadi bombings"><b>‡</b> Karbala-Ramadi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">1st Samarra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buratha_mosque_bombing" title="Buratha mosque bombing">8th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1_July_2006_Sadr_City_bombing" title="1 July 2006 Sadr City bombing">9th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/23_November_2006_Sadr_City_bombings" title="23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings"><b>‡</b> 10th Baghdad</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mustansiriya_University_bombings" title="Mustansiriya University bombings">11th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/22_January_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="22 January 2007 Baghdad bombings">12th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_2007_Al-Saydiya_market_bombing" title="February 2007 Al-Saydiya market bombing"><b>‡</b> 13th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_2007_Shorja_market_bombings" title="February 2007 Shorja market bombings">14th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/18_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">15th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Hillah_bombings" title="2007 Al Hillah bombings"><b>‡</b> 2nd Al Hillah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Tal_Afar_bombings_and_massacre" title="2007 Tal Afar bombings and massacre"><b>‡</b> 1st Tal Afar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/29_March_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="29 March 2007 Baghdad bombings">16th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraqi_Parliament_bombing" title="2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing">17th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Karbala_mosque_bombings" title="2007 Karbala mosque bombings">2nd & 3rd Karbala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_2007_Yazidi_massacre" title="April 2007 Yazidi massacre">2nd Mosul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/18_April_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 18th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Makhmour_bombing" title="2007 Makhmour bombing">Makhmour</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Abu_Sayda_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Abu Sayda bombing">Abu Sayda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Askari mosque bombing">2nd Samarra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Khilani_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Khilani mosque bombing">19th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Amirli_bombing" title="2007 Amirli bombing"><b>‡</b> Amirli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Kirkuk_bombings" title="2007 Kirkuk bombings">1st Kirkuk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/26_July_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" title="26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing">20th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1_August_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings">21st Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qahtaniyah_bombings" title="Qahtaniyah bombings"><b>§</b> Qahtaniya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Amarah_bombings" title="2007 Al Amarah bombings">Amarah</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1_February_2008_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 February 2008 Baghdad bombings">22nd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_bombing" title="2008 Balad bombing">2nd Balad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6_March_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="6 March 2008 Baghdad bombing">23rd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Karbala_bombing" title="2008 Karbala bombing">4th Karbala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/17_June_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="17 June 2008 Baghdad bombing">24th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Karmah_bombing" title="2008 Karmah bombing">Karmah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Baquba_bombings" title="2008 Baquba bombings">2nd Baqubah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Dujail_bombing" title="2008 Dujail bombing">Dujail</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_Ruz_bombing" title="2008 Balad Ruz bombing">Balad Ruz</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_police_recruitment_centre_bombing" title="2009 Baghdad police recruitment centre bombing">25th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="2009 Baghdad bombings">26th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_2009_Baghdad%E2%80%93Miqdadiyah_suicide_attacks" title="April 2009 Baghdad–Miqdadiyah suicide attacks">Baghdad-Muqdadiyah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Taza_bombing" title="2009 Taza bombing">Taza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_2009_Muraidi_Market_bombing" title="June 2009 Muraidi Market bombing">27th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Kirkuk_bombing" title="2009 Kirkuk bombing">2nd Kirkuk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Tal_Afar_bombing" title="2009 Tal Afar bombing">2nd Tal Afar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="August 2009 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 28th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2009 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 29th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="December 2009 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 30th Baghdad</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/25_January_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="25 January 2010 Baghdad bombings">31st Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1_February_2010_Baghdad_bombing" title="1 February 2010 Baghdad bombing">32nd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2010_Baqubah_bombings" title="2010 Baqubah bombings">3rd Baqubah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4_April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="4 April 2010 Baghdad bombings">33rd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6_April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="6 April 2010 Baghdad bombings">34th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="April 2010 Baghdad bombings">35th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/10_May_2010_Iraq_attacks" title="10 May 2010 Iraq attacks"><b>‡</b> 1st Pan-Iraq</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2010_Al-Kazimiyya_Mosque_bombings" title="2010 Al-Kazimiyya Mosque bombings">36th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/17_August_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings">37th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/25_August_2010_Iraq_bombings" title="25 August 2010 Iraq bombings">2nd Pan-Iraq</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/19_September_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="19 September 2010 Baghdad bombings">38th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2010_Baghdad_church_massacre" title="2010 Baghdad church massacre">39th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="November 2010 Baghdad bombings"><b>‡</b> 40th Baghdad</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_2011_Baghdad_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2011 Baghdad shootings">41st Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_2011_Iraq_attacks" title="January 2011 Iraq attacks"><b>‡</b> 3rd Pan-Iraq</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/24_January_2011_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="24 January 2011 Iraq bombings">Karbala-Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/27_January_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="27 January 2011 Baghdad bombing">42nd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Tikrit_assault" title="2011 Tikrit assault">Tikrit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2011 Al Hillah bombing">3rd Al Hillah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Samarra_bombing" title="2011 Samarra bombing">3rd Samarra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Diwaniyah_bombing" title="2011 Al Diwaniyah bombing">Al Diwaniyah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Taji_bombings" title="2011 Taji bombings">Taji</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/15_August_2011_Iraq_attacks" title="15 August 2011 Iraq attacks">4th Pan-Iraq</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/28_August_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="28 August 2011 Baghdad bombing">43rd Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Karbala_bombing" title="2011 Karbala bombing">4th Karbala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_2011_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2011 Baghdad bombings">44th Baghdad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Basra_bombings" title="2011 Basra bombings">2nd Basra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/22_December_2011_Baghdad_bombings" title="22 December 2011 Baghdad bombings">45th Baghdad</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Persian_Gulf_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Persian_Gulf_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Persian Gulf Wars</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–1991)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict" title="Iraqi no-fly zones conflict">Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1993_airstrikes_on_Iraq" title="January 1993 airstrikes on Iraq">Iraq air strikes (January 1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1993 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">Iraq missile strikes (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">Iraq missile strikes (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Iraq bombing (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1999 Shia uprising in Iraq">1999 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict (2003–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>An <b>Iraqi insurgency</b> began shortly after the 2003 <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">American invasion</a> deposed longtime leader <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. It is considered to have lasted until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and U.S. withdrawal in 2011. It was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">renewed insurgency</a>. </p><p>The initial outbreak of violence (the <a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">2003–2006 phase</a>) was triggered by the fall and preceded the establishment of the new <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a> (MNF–I), which was led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. From around 2004 to May 2007, Iraqi insurgents largely focused their attacks on MNF-I troops,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later shifted to targeting the post-invasion <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a> as well. </p><p>The insurgents were composed of a <a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">diverse mix of private militias</a>, pro-Saddam <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athists</a>, local Iraqis opposed to the MNF–I and/or the post-Saddam Iraqi government, and a number of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Foreign_participants">foreign jihadists</a>. The various insurgent groups fought an <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric</a> war of <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">attrition</a> against the MNF–I and the Iraqi government, while also fighting among themselves. </p><p>The insurgency was shaped by <a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Iraq" title="Sectarian violence in Iraq">sectarian tensions in Iraq</a>, particularly between <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Shia Islam in Iraq">Shia Muslims</a> (~60% of the population) and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Sunni Islam in Iraq">Sunni Muslims</a> (~35% of the population). By February 2006, the violence escalated into a <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Shia–Sunni civil war</a>, and for the next two years, the MNF–I and the Iraqi government were locked in intense fighting with various militants, who were also targeting each other based on their sectarian affiliations. Many of the militant attacks in American-controlled territories were directed at the <a href="/wiki/Al_Maliki_I_Government" title="Al Maliki I Government">Shia-dominated government of Nouri al-Maliki</a>. Militancy continued amid <a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">post-invasion Iraqi reconstruction efforts</a>, as the federal government tried to establish itself in the country. The civil war and sectarian violence ended in mid-2008, having been quelled by the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">American troop surge of 2007</a>. </p><p>However, after the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">American withdrawal from Iraq</a> in December 2011, a <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">renewed sectarian and anti-government insurgency</a> swept through the country, causing thousands of casualties. Two years later, the violence of the new insurgency escalated into the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Second Iraq War</a>, largely triggered by the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> (20 March – 1 May 2003) began the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, or <i>Operation Iraqi Freedom</i>, in which a combined force of troops from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> invaded Iraq and toppled the government of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> within 26 days of major combat operations. The invasion phase consisted of a conventionally fought war which concluded with the capture of the Iraq capital <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> by U.S. forces. </p><p>Four countries participated with troops during the initial invasion phase, which lasted from 20 March to 15 April 2003. These were the United States (148,000), United Kingdom (45,000), Australia (2,000), and Poland (194). <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Thirty-six other countries</a> were involved in its aftermath. In preparation for the invasion, 100,000 U.S. troops were assembled in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> by 18 February.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States supplied the majority of the invading forces, but also received support from <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Kurdish irregulars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>. </p><p>The invasion was preceded by an <a href="/wiki/Air_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Air strike">air strike</a> on the Presidential Palace in Baghdad on 20 March 2003. The following day coalition forces launched an incursion into <a href="/wiki/Basra_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Basra Province">Basra Province</a> from their massing point close to the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border. While the special forces launched an amphibious assault from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> to secure <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and the surrounding petroleum fields, the main invasion army moved into southern Iraq, occupying the region and engaging in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Battle of Nasiriyah</a> on 23 March. Massive air strikes across the country and against Iraqi command and control threw the defending army into chaos and prevented an effective resistance. On 26 March the <a href="/wiki/173rd_Airborne_Brigade" title="173rd Airborne Brigade">173rd Airborne Brigade</a> was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay">airdropped</a> near the northern city of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a> where they joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> rebels and fought several actions against the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi army">Iraqi army</a> to secure the northern part of the country. </p><p>The main body of coalition forces continued their drive into the heart of Iraq and met with little resistance. Most of the Iraqi military was quickly defeated and Baghdad was occupied on 9 April. Other operations occurred against pockets of the Iraqi army including the capture and occupation of Kirkuk on 10 April, and the attack and capture of <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> on 15 April. <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi President">Iraqi President</a> Saddam Hussein and the central leadership went into hiding as the coalition forces completed the occupation of the country. </p><p>On 1 May, an end of major combat operations was declared, ending the invasion stage of the Iraq War and beginning the <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> period and the Iraqi insurgency against coalition forces. </p><p>On 23 May 2003, Iraqi military personnel, police and security services were disbanded per <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_2" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2">Order 2</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> under Administrator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer">Paul Bremer</a>, leaving 400,000 soldiers jobless, which Western and Iraqi critics of the U.S. action said provided a ready pool of recruits for Islamist groups and other insurgents that emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore for 10 months Iraq’s borders were left open for anyone to come in without even a visa or a passport.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">Timeline of the Iraq War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003–2006:_initial_insurgency"><span id="2003.E2.80.932006:_initial_insurgency"></span>2003–2006: initial insurgency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2003–2006: initial insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ramadi_under_U.S._military_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadi under U.S. military occupation">Ramadi under U.S. military occupation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg/220px-U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg/330px-U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg/440px-U.S._Army_M1A2_Abrams_Iraq_2005_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/M1A2_Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A2 Abrams">M1A2 Abrams</a> tanks patrol the streets of <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a>, Iraq in February 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Iraqi insurgency of 2003–06 erupted following the invasion of Iraq and the toppling of Saddam Hussein's rule in May 2003. The armed insurgent opposition to the United States-led <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">multinational force in Iraq</a> and the post-2003 Iraqi government lasted until early 2006, when it deteriorated into a sectarian civil war, the most violent phase of the Iraq War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2008:_insurgency_to_civil_war"><span id="2006.E2.80.932008:_insurgency_to_civil_war"></span>2006–2008: insurgency to civil war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006–2008: insurgency to civil war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2006%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008)">Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png/220px-Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png/330px-Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png/440px-Islamic_State_of_Iraq.png 2x" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="2761" /></a><figcaption> Map of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> and its provinces on 7th of April, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the U.S.-launched 2003 invasion of Iraq, the situation deteriorated, and by 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Communal_violence" title="Communal violence">intercommunal violence</a> between Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Islam">Shi'a</a> factions was described by the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Estimate" title="National Intelligence Estimate">National Intelligence Estimate</a> as having elements of a civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 10 January 2007 address to the American people, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> stated that "80% of Iraq's sectarian violence occurs within 30 miles (48 km) of the capital. This violence is splitting <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> into sectarian <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclaves</a>, and shaking the confidence of all Iraqis."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two polls of Americans conducted in 2006 found that between 65% and 85% believed Iraq was in a civil war;<sup id="cite_ref-IraqPoll1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IraqPoll1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IraqPoll2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IraqPoll2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, a similar poll of Iraqis conducted in 2007 found that 61% did not believe that they were in a civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-TimesPoll_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesPoll-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR) and the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> estimated that more than 370,000 Iraqis had been displaced since the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Mosque_bombing_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Askari Mosque bombing (2006)">bombing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Askari Mosque">al-Askari Mosque</a>, bringing the total number of Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> to more than 1.6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2008, the UNHCR raised the estimate of refugees to a total of about 4.7 million (~16% of the population). The number of refugees estimated abroad was 2 million (a number close to <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> projections<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the number of internally displaced people was 2.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR-04084_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-04084-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated number of orphans across Iraq has ranged from 400,000 (according to the Baghdad Provincial Council), to five million (according to Iraq's anti-corruption board). A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> report from 2008 placed the number of orphans at about 870,000.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a> has also stated that Iraq's humanitarian situation remains among the most critical in the world, with millions of Iraqis forced to rely on insufficient and poor-quality water sources.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Failed_States_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Failed States Index">Failed States Index</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine and the <a href="/wiki/Fund_for_Peace" title="Fund for Peace">Fund for Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was one of the world's top 5 unstable states from 2005 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll of top U.S. foreign policy experts conducted in 2007 showed that over the next 10 years, just 3% of experts believed the U.S. would be able to rebuild Iraq into a "beacon of democracy" and 58% of experts believed that Sunni-Shiite tensions would dramatically increase in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2008, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> reported that "the security, political and economic trends in Iraq continue to be positive; however, they remain fragile, reversible and uneven."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">audit arm of the U.S. Congress</a> recommended that the U.S. Government should "develop an updated strategy for Iraq that defines U.S. goals and objectives after July 2008 and addresses the long-term goal of achieving an Iraq that can govern, defend, and sustain itself".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steven Simon, a Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>, wrote in May 2008 that "the recent short-term gains" had "come at the expense of the long-term goal of a stable, unitary Iraq."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Iraqi security forces took the lead in security operations on 30 June 2009, Iraq experienced a "dramatic reduction in war-related violence of all types ..., with civilian and military deaths down by 80 to 90 percent compared with the same period in 2008."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2011:_low-level_insurgency"><span id="2008.E2.80.932011:_low-level_insurgency"></span>2008–2011: low-level insurgency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2008–2011: low-level insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008 in Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009 in Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010 in Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011 in Iraq</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2010, the low point for the al-Qaeda effort in Iraq, car bombings declined to an average of ten a month and multiple-location attacks occurred only two or three times a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011–2013:_American_withdrawal_and_renewed_insurgency"><span id="2011.E2.80.932013:_American_withdrawal_and_renewed_insurgency"></span>2011–2013: American withdrawal and renewed insurgency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2011–2013: American withdrawal and renewed insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Iraqi attacks since <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. withdrawal</a><sup id="cite_ref-latimes2701_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes2701-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relates to the last stage of violent terror activities engaged by Iraqi, primarily radical Sunni and Shia insurgent groups against the central government and the sectarian warfare between various factions within Iraq in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal. The events of post-U.S. withdrawal violence succeeded the previous insurgency in Iraq (prior to 18 December 2011), but have showed increasingly violent patterns,<sup id="cite_ref-alarabiya2902_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alarabiya2902-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> raising concerns that the surging violence might slide into another civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes2701_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes2701-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Militant_organizations">Militant organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Militant organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a> is composed of at least a dozen major organizations and perhaps as many as 40 distinct groups. These groups are subdivided into countless smaller <a href="/wiki/Covert_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Covert cell">cells</a>. The Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimates that less than 10% of insurgents are non-Iraqi foreign fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Chief of the British General Staff, General Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dannatt,_Baron_Dannatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Dannatt, Baron Dannatt">Richard Dannatt</a>, speaking in September 2007, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The militants (and I use the word deliberately because not all are insurgents, or terrorists, or criminals; they are a mixture of them all) are well armed – probably with outside help, and probably from Iran. By motivation, essentially, and with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in Iraq">Al Qaeda in Iraq</a> element who have endeavoured to exploit the situation for their own ends, our opponents are Iraqi Nationalists, and are most concerned with their own needs – jobs, money, security – and the majority are not bad people.<sup id="cite_ref-Speech_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg/220px-Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg/330px-Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg/440px-Deadliest_Roadside_Bombing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A roadside bombing in Iraq on 3 August 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of its clandestine nature, the exact composition of the Iraqi insurgency is difficult to determine, but the main groupings are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athists</a>, the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s former administration including army or intelligence officers, whose ideology is a variant of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalists</a>, Iraqis who believe in a strong version of Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>. These policies may not necessarily espouse a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Arab">Pan-Arab</a> ideology, but rather advocate the country's <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> including <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khūzestān Province">Khuzestan</a>. Historical figures of this movement include the pre-Ba'athist leader of Iraq <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Karim_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a> and his government.</li> <li>Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a>, the indigenous armed followers of the Salafi movement, as well as any remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a>: individuals with a Salafi-only policy opposed to non-Salafis though not aligned to one specific ethnic group. Though opposed to the U.S.-led invasion, these groups are not wholly sympathetic towards the former Ba'ath Party as its members included non-Salafis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> militias, including the southern, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>-linked <a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a>, and the central-Iraq followers of <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a>. These groups neither advocate the dominance of a single ethnic group, nor the traditional ideologies behind the Iraqi state (e.g. these particular Shi'as do not support the capture of Khuzestan or other border areas with Iran, but rather promote warm relations with Iran's Shi'a government).</li> <li>Foreign Islamist volunteers, including those often linked to <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">al Qaeda</a> and largely driven by the Salafi/Wahhabi doctrine (the two preceding categories are often lumped as "<a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihadists</a>");</li> <li>Possibly some socialist revolutionaries (such as the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Revolutionary_Resistance" title="Iraqi Armed Revolutionary Resistance">Iraqi Armed Revolutionary Resistance</a>, which claimed one attack in 2007).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-violent_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-violent resistance">Non-violent resistance</a> groups and political parties (not part of the armed insurgency).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_nationalists">Arab nationalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arab nationalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ba'athists_and_pro-Saddamists"><span id="Ba.27athists_and_pro-Saddamists"></span>Ba'athists and pro-Saddamists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ba'athists and pro-Saddamists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a> flag</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ba'athists include former <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a> officials, the <a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Republican_Guard_(Iraq)" title="Special Republican Guard (Iraq)">Special Republican Guard</a> and some former agents of the Iraqi intelligence elements and security services, such as the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi Intelligence Service">Mukhabarat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Security Organization">Special Security Organization</a>. Their goal, at least before the capture of Saddam Hussein, was the restoration of the former Ba'athist government to power. The pre-war organization of the Ba'ath Party and its militias as a cellular<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> structure aided the continued pro-Saddam resistance after the fall of Baghdad, and Iraqi intelligence operatives may have developed a plan for <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla war</a> following the toppling of Saddam Hussein from power. </p><p>Following Saddam's capture, the Ba'athist movement largely faded; its surviving factions were increasingly shifting to either nationalist factions (Iraqi, though not Pan-Arab, such as the ideology of the pre-Ba'athist regime), or Islamist (Sunni or Shia, depending on the actual faith of the individual, though Ba'ath Party policy had been secular). </p><p>As the goal of restoring the Ba'ath Party to power was seemingly out of reach, the alternative solution appeared to be to join forces with organisations who opposed the U.S.-led invasion. Many former Ba'athists had adopted an <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> façade to attract more credibility within the country, and perhaps gain support from outside Iraq. Others, especially following the January 2005 elections, became more interested in politics. </p><p>The fall of Baghdad effectively ended the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a> as an organized paramilitary. Several of its members died during the war. A large number survived, however, and were willing to carry on the fight even after the fall of Saddam Hussein from power. Many former members joined guerrilla organizations that began to form to resist the U.S-led coalition in Iraq. Some Fedayeen members fled to Syria. By June, an insurgency was underway in central and northern Iraq, especially in an area known as the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Triangle" title="Sunni Triangle">Sunni Triangle</a>. Some units of the Fedayeen also continued to operate independently of other insurgent organizations in the Sunni areas of Iraq. On 30 November 2003, a U.S. convoy traveling through the town of <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Triangle" title="Sunni Triangle">Sunni Triangle</a> was ambushed by over 100 Iraqi guerillas, reportedly wearing trademark Fedayeen Saddam uniforms. </p><p>Following the execution of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, Deputy Leader of the Iraqi-cell of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-led_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-led faction)">Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party</a> and former Vice President of Iraq <a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Douri" class="mw-redirect" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri</a> became a leading candidate to succeed him as Leader of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Ad-Douri had taken over the running of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party following Saddam Hussein's capture in 2003 and had been endorsed by a previously unknown group calling itself <a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Citizens_Gathering" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Citizens Gathering">Baghdad Citizens Gathering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 January 2007 the website of the banned Iraqi Ba'ath Party confirmed that he was new leader of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increasing Syrian influence in the Iraqi Ba'ath Party may well have a major effect on result in a fragmentation of Ba'athist parts of the insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraqi_nationalists_(non-Ba'athist)"><span id="Iraqi_nationalists_.28non-Ba.27athist.29"></span>Iraqi nationalists (non-Ba'athist)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iraqi nationalists (non-Ba'athist)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iraqi nationalists are mostly drawn from the Arab regions. Their reasons for opposing the Coalition vary from a rejection of the Coalition presence as a matter of principle to the failure of the multinational forces to fully restore <a href="/wiki/Public_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Public services">public services</a> and to quickly restore complete <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>. </p><p>One notable leader of the insurgency among nationalist Sunni is former aide to Saddam Hussein and a former <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">regional Ba'ath Party</a> Organiser <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed_al-Muwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali</a> who has been crossing the border between Iraq and Syria disbursing funds, smuggling weaponry and organising much of the fighting in the central area of Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One former minister in the interim government, <a href="/wiki/Aiham_Alsammarae" title="Aiham Alsammarae">Ayham al-Samarai</a>, announced the launch in 2005 of "a new political movement, saying he aimed to give a voice to figures from the legitimate Iraqi resistance. 'The birth of this political bloc is to silence the skeptics who say there is no legitimate Iraqi resistance and that they cannot reveal their political face,' he told a news conference."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear what became of this movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shia_militias">Shia militias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shia militias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_inefficacy_and_Iranian_support">Government inefficacy and Iranian support</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government inefficacy and Iranian support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shia militias have presented <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> with perhaps the greatest conundrum of his administration given <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army#October_2006_battle" title="Mahdi Army">the capture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amarah" title="Amarah">Amarah</a>. American officials have pressed him hard to disarm the militias and rid the state security forces of their influence.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorktimes-10-20_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorktimes-10-20-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2008 report by the <a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a> based on reports from the interrogations of dozens of captured Shia fighters described an Iranian-run network smuggling Shia fighters into Iran where they received training and weapons before returning to Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Badr_Organization">Badr Organization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Badr Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One major Shia militia in Iraq is the <a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a>, the military wing of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Islamic_Council_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq">Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq</a>. The group is currently based in <a href="/wiki/Karbala,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbala, Iraq">Karbala, Iraq</a>, and is also active in areas throughout southern Iraq. The group was formed by the Iranian Government to fight the Saddam Hussein-controlled Iraq during the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>. Originally, the group consisted of Iraqi exiles who were banished from Iraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein. After the war ended in 1988, the organization remained in Iran until Saddam Hussein was overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. Following the invasion, the brigade then moved into Iraq, became members of the new Iraq Army, and aided coalition forces in insurgents. </p><p>Colonel Derek Harvey told Reuters "that the U.S. military detained Badr assassination teams possessing target lists of Sunni officers and pilots in 2003 and 2004 but did not hold them. Harvey said his superiors told him that 'this stuff had to play itself out' – implying that revenge attacks by returning Shi'ite groups were to be expected. He also said Badr and ISCI offered intelligence and advice to U.S. officials on how to navigate Iraqi politics."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter published by the Coalition in February 2004, an insurgent believed to be Zarqawi wrote that jihadis should start an open sectarian war so that Sunnis would mobilize against what would otherwise be a secret war being waged by Shia. The author only specifically pointed to assassinations carried out by the Badr Brigade as an example of this secret war.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2005, the group and their leaders in the Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq participated in <a href="/wiki/December_2005_Iraqi_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2005 Iraqi legislative election">parliament elections</a>, under the pro-Shiite coalition known as the <a href="/wiki/United_Iraqi_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="United Iraqi Alliance">United Iraqi Alliance</a>, and managed to get 36 members into the Iraqi Parliament. </p><p>The Badr organization supports the government of Nouri Al-Maliki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muqtada_al-Sadr's_Mahdi_Army"><span id="Muqtada_al-Sadr.27s_Mahdi_Army"></span>Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi Army</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supporters of the young Shi'a <a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">cleric</a> <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a> are largely impoverished men from the Shi'a urban areas and slums in Baghdad and the southern Shi'a cities.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Sadr_supporter_demographics_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Sadr_supporter_demographics-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a> area of operation stretches from <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> in the south to the <a href="/wiki/Sadr_City" title="Sadr City">Sadr City</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in central Iraq (some scattered Shi'a militia activity has also been reported in <a href="/wiki/Baquba" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquba">Baquba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, where Shi'a minorities exist).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During his group's active militant phase, Al-Sadr enjoyed wide support from the Iraqi people according to some polls. A poll by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraq_Center_for_Research_and_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraq Center for Research and Studies (page does not exist)">Iraq Center for Research and Studies</a> found that 32% of Iraqis "strongly supported" him and another 36% "somewhat supported" him, making him the second most popular man in Iraq, behind only Ayatollah Ali Al-Sistani.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Mahdi Army is believed to have around 60,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the December 2005 elections in Iraq, Al-Sadr's party got 32 new seats giving him substantial political power in the divided Iraqi Parliament. In January 2006, he used these seats to swing the vote for prime minister to <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Al-Jaafari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Al-Jaafari">Ibrahim Al-Jaafari</a>, giving Al-Sadr a legitimate stake in the new Iraqi government and allying Al-Jaafari with the cleric. </p><p>On 27 November 2006, a senior American intelligence official told reporters that the Iranian-backed group <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> had been training members of the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a>. The official said that 1,000 to 2,000 fighters from the Mahdi Army and other Shia militias had been trained by Hezbollah in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and a small number of Hezbollah operatives have also visited Iraq to help with training. <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> has facilitated the link between Hezbollah and the Shia militias in Iraq, the official said. "There seems to have been a strategic decision taken sometime over late winter or early spring by <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, along with their partners in ait Lebanese Hezbollah, to provide more support to Sadr to increase pressure on the U.S.," the American intelligence official said.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_participants">Foreign participants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Red Dawn">Saddam Hussein was captured</a> in December 2003, several documents were found in his possession. One particular document, which was apparently written after he lost power, appeared to be a directive to his Ba'athist loyalists warning them to be wary of <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a> and other foreign Arabs entering the country to join the insurgency. The directive supposedly shows Saddam having concerns that foreign fighters would not share the same objectives as Ba'ath loyalists (i.e. the eventual return of Saddam to power and the restoration of his regime). A U.S. official commenting on the document stressed that while Saddam urged his followers to be cautious in their dealings with other Arab fighters, he did not order them to avoid contact or rule out co-operation. <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hoffman" title="Bruce Hoffman">Bruce Hoffman</a>, a Washington counter-terrorism expert stated that the existence of the document underscores the fact that "this is an insurgency cut of many different cloths...[and] everybody's jockeying for their position of power in the future Iraq." Many experts believe that fighters from other countries who have flocked to Iraq to join the insurgents are motivated by animosity toward the United States and the desire to install an Islamic state in place of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a>'s secular <a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">regime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign fighters are mostly Arabs from neighboring countries, who have entered Iraq, primarily through the porous desert borders of Syria and Saudi Arabia, to assist the Iraqi insurgency. Many of these fighters are <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabi</a> fundamentalists who see Iraq as the new "field of <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>" in the battle against U.S. forces. It is generally believed that most are freelance fighters, but a few members of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and the related group <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a> are suspected of infiltrating into the Sunni areas of Iraq through the mountainous northeastern border with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The United States and its allies point to Jordanian-born Al-Qaeda in Iraq leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> as the key player in this group. Zarqawi was considered the head of an insurgent group called <a href="/wiki/Al-Tawhid_Wal-Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad">Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad</a> ("Monotheism and Holy War") until his death on 7 June 2006, which according to U.S. estimates numbers in the low hundreds. </p><p>Usage of the term "foreign fighters" has received criticism as being Western-centric because, taken literally, the term would encompass all non-Iraqi forces, including Coalition forces.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zarqawi has taken to taunting the American forces about the irony of the term: "Who is the foreigner, O cross worshippers? You are the ones who came to the land of the Muslims from your distant corrupt land." (Communiqué of 10 May 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zarqawi's group has since announced the formation of the Ansar platoon, a squad of Iraqi suicide bombers, which an AP writer called "an apparent bid to deflect criticism that most suicide bombers in Iraq are foreigners."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While it is not known how many of those fighting the U.S. forces in Iraq are from outside the country, it is generally agreed that foreign fighters make up a very small percentage of the insurgency. <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taluto" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Taluto">Joseph Taluto</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="42nd Infantry Division (United States)">42nd Infantry Division</a>, said that "99.9 per cent" of captured Insurgents are Iraqi.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimate has been confirmed by the Pentagon's own figures; in one analysis of over 1000 insurgents captured in Fallujah, only 15 were non-Iraqi.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i>, information from military commanders engaging in battles around Ramadi exposed the fact that out of 1300 suspected insurgents arrested in five months of 2005, none were foreign, although <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/John_L._Gronski" title="John L. Gronski">John L. Gronski</a> stated that foreigners provided money and logistical support: "The foreign fighters are staying north of the [Euphrates] river, training and advising, like the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Soviets</a> were doing in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2006, the <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a></i> reported, "It's true that foreign fighters are in Iraq, such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>. But they are a small minority of the insurgents, say administration critics. Most Iraqi mujahideen are Sunnis who fear their interests will be ignored under Iraq's Shia-dominated government. They are fighting for concrete, local political goals – not the destruction of America." The paper quoted University of Michigan history professor <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cole" title="Juan Cole">Juan Cole</a>: "If the Iraqi Sunni nationalists could take over their own territory, they would not put up with the few hundred foreign volunteers blowing things up, and would send them away or slit their throats."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) concluded that foreign fighters accounted for less than 10% of the estimated 30,000 insurgents and argued that the U.S. and Iraqi Governments were "feeding the myth" that they comprised the backbone of the insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the low numbers of foreign fighters their presence has been confirmed in several ways and Coalition forces believe the majority of suicide bombings are believed to be carried out by non-Iraqi foreigners. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Katzman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Katzman (page does not exist)">Kenneth Katzman</a>, a Middle East expert with the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stated in June 2005: "I still think 80 percent of the Insurgents, the day-to-day activity, is Iraqi – the roadside bombings, mortars, direct weapons fire, rifle fire, automatic weapons fire...[but] the foreign fighters attract the headlines with the suicide bombings, no question."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2005, Iraqi and U.S. forces conducted a counter-insurgency operation in the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Turkmen</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a>. According to an <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a>, report, an Iraqi Army Captain claimed that Iraqi forces arrested 150 non-Iraqi Arabs (Syria, Sudan, Yemen and Jordan) in the operation;<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the American army claimed 20% of arrests were foreign combatants,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> on <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> confirmed that foreign combatants were present.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, not all accounts of the battle mention these arrests,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and U.S. Army commander Colonel <a href="/wiki/H._R._McMaster" title="H. R. McMaster">H. R. McMaster</a> said the "vast majority" of Insurgents captured there were "Iraqis and not foreigners."<sup id="cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.aljazeera.net-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraqi journalist Nasir Ali claimed that there were "very few foreign combatants" in Tal Afar and charged "Every time the US army and the Iraqi government want to destroy a specific city, they claim it hosts Arab fighters and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi."<sup id="cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.aljazeera.net-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are allegations that the U.S. government has attempted to inflate the number of foreign fighters in order to advance the theory that the insurgency is not a local movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> U.S. Army Specialist Tony Lagouranis spoke about his job identifying many of the bodies after the assault on <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._occupation_of_Fallujah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. occupation of Fallujah (page does not exist)">Fallujah</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We had women and children, old men, young boys. So, you know, it's hard to say. I think initially, the reason that we were doing this was they were trying to find foreign fighters. [U.S. commanders] were trying to prove that there were a lot of foreign fighters in Fallujah. So, mainly, that's what we were going for, but most of them really didn't have I.D.'s but maybe half of them had I.D.'s. Very few of them had foreign I.D.'s. There were people working with me who would—in an effort to sort of cook the books, you know they would find a Koran on the guy and the Koran was printed in Algeria, and they would mark him down as an Algerian, or you know guys would come in with a black shirt and khaki pants and they would say, well, this is the Hezbollah uniform and they would mark him down as a Lebanese, which was ridiculous, but—you know... [AMY GOODMAN: So, what did you say?] Well, I was only a specialist, so actually, you know, I did say something to the staff sergeant, who was really in charge, and you know, I just got yelled down you know, shot down.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_fighters'_nationality_distribution"><span id="Foreign_fighters.27_nationality_distribution"></span>Foreign fighters' nationality distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Foreign fighters' nationality distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> reported that 45% of all foreign militants targeting U.S. troops and Iraqi civilians and security forces are from Saudi Arabia; 15% are from Syria and Lebanon; and 10% are from North Africa. 50% of all Saudi fighters in Iraq come as suicide bombers. In the six months preceding that article, such bombings have killed or injured 4,000 Iraqis.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a U.S. military press briefing on 20 October 2005, 312 foreign nationals from 27 countries had been captured in Iraq from April to October 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This represents a component of the Iraqi insurgent movement, which also includes a nationalist movement encompassing over 30 Shia and Sunni militias. </p><p>Foreign insurgents captured in Iraq in the 7-month period April–October 2005: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality </th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Egypt"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Syria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Sudan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Saudi Arabia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Jordan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Iran"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Palestine"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Tunisia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Algeria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Lebanon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Qatar"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="United Arab Emirates"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Denmark"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Israel"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Kuwait"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Macedonia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Macedonia</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Morocco"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Somalia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Yemen"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">619 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi,_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq,_and_Sunni_jihadists"><span id="Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi.2C_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq.2C_and_Sunni_jihadists"></span>Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, al-Qaeda in Iraq, and Sunni jihadists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, al-Qaeda in Iraq, and Sunni jihadists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></div> <p>The extent of Zarqawi's influence is a source of much controversy. Zarqawi was reported killed in action in March 2004 in "a statement signed by a dozen alleged insurgent groups".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Jordanian family then held a funeral service on his behalf, although no body was recovered and positively identified. Iraqi leaders denied the presence of Zarqawi in Fallujah prior to the U.S. attack on that city in November 2004. Zarqawi's existence was even questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Involvement of Zarqawi in significant terrorist incidents was not usually proven, although his group often claimed it perpetrated bombings. As al-Qaeda is an "opt-in" group (meaning everyone who agrees to some basic Wahhabi moral tenets and the fundamental goals may consider himself a member), it is most likely that "Al-Qaeda in Iraq" is a loose association of largely independent cells united by a common strategy and vision, rather than a unified organization with a firm internal structure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 8 June 2006, Iraqi officials confirmed Zarqawi was killed by two 500 lb laser-guided bombs dropped from an <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a> the previous evening.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a>, an Egyptian who was trained in Al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan took his place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A document<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found in Zarqawi's safe house indicates that the guerrilla group was trying to provoke the U.S. to attack Iran in order to reinvigorate the resistance in Iraq and to weaken American forces in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The question remains, how to draw the Americans into fighting a war against Iran? It is not known whether American is serious in its animosity towards Iraq, because of the big support Iran is offering to America in its war in Afghanistan and in Iraq. Hence, it is necessary first to exaggerate the Iranian danger and to convince America and the west in general, of the real danger coming from Iran...". The document then outlines 6 ways to incite war between the two nations. Iraqi national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Mowaffak_al-Rubaie" title="Mowaffak al-Rubaie">Mowaffak al-Rubaie</a> said the document, shows <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> is in "pretty bad shape." He added that "we believe that this is the beginning of the end of al-Qaeda in Iraq."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Journalist <a href="/wiki/Jill_Carroll" title="Jill Carroll">Jill Carroll</a>, detailing her captivity in Iraq, described one of her captors who identified himself as Abdullah Rashid and leader of the Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq. He told her that; "The Americans were constantly saying that the mujahideen in Iraq were led by foreigners... So, the Iraqi insurgents went to Zarqawi and insisted that an Iraqi be put in charge." She continued by stating; "But as I saw in coming weeks, Zarqawi remained the insurgents' hero, and the most influential member of their council, whatever <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nour" title="Abu Nour">Nour</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Rashid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Rashid (page does not exist)">Rashid</a>'s position... At various times, I heard my captors discussing changes in their plans because of directives from the council and Zarqawi."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schism_between_foreign_fighters_and_native_Iraqi_insurgency">Schism between foreign fighters and native Iraqi insurgency</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schism between foreign fighters and native Iraqi insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large-scale terrorist attacks against civilians carried out by foreign fighters, as well as the interpretation of Islam that they attempt to impose on the local population in areas under their control, have increasingly turned Iraqis against them, in some cases breaking out into open fighting between different groups in the insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are signs that local Islamist insurgent groups have also increasingly caused the population to turn against them.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opinions differ on how broad this schism is. Terrorism expert <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Stern" title="Jessica Stern">Jessica Stern</a> warned that; "In the run-up to the war, most Iraqis viewed the foreign volunteers who were rushing in to fight against America as troublemakers, and Saddam Hussein's forces reportedly killed many of them."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opinion contradicts Iraqi scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustapha_Alani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustapha Alani (page does not exist)">Mustapha Alani</a>, who says that these foreigners are increasingly welcomed by the public, especially in the former Ba'athist strongholds north of Baghdad.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While some have noted an alliance of convenience that existed between the foreign fighters and the native Sunni insurgents, there are signs that the foreign militants, especially those who follow Zarqawi, are increasingly unpopular among the native fighters. In the run-up to the December 2005 elections, Sunni fighters were warning al-Qaeda members and foreign fighters not to attack polling stations. One former Ba'athist told Reuters; "Sunnis should vote to make political gains. We have sent leaflets telling al-Qaeda that they will face us if they attack voters." An unnamed Sunni leader was quoted commenting on Zarqawi; "Zarqawi is an American, Israeli and Iranian agent who is trying to keep our country unstable so that the Sunnis will keep facing occupation."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By early 2006, the split between the Sunni groups and the Zarqawi-led foreign fighters had grown dramatically, and Sunni forces began targeting al-Qaeda forces for assassination. One senior intelligence official told the <i>Telegraph</i> that Zarqawi had fled to Iran as a result of the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to al-Qaeda killings in Iraq, Sunni insurgents in al-Anbar province led by former Ba'athist intelligence officer Ahmed Ftaikhan formed an anti-al-Qaeda militia called the Anbar Revolutionaries. All of the militia's core members have relatives who have been killed by al-Qaeda in Iraq, and they have sought to prevent foreign jihadis from entering the country. The group "claims to have killed 20 foreign fighters and 33 Iraqi sympathizers."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The schism became all the more apparent in when a tape alleged to be from the Mujahedeen Shura Council urged Osama Bin Laden to replace al-Qaeda in Iraq's current head with an Iraqi national. The Mujahedeen Shura Council, however, issued a statement shortly afterwards denying the authenticity of this tape. </p><p>On 19 July 2007 seven domestic insurgent groups informed journalists in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> that they were forming a united front independent of al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Covert_Iranian_military_involvement">Covert Iranian military involvement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Covert Iranian military involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An estimated 150 Iranian intelligence officers, plus members of Iran's <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a>, are believed to be active inside Iraq at any given time.<sup id="cite_ref-wp20070125_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp20070125-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more than a year, U.S. troops have detained and recorded fingerprints, photographs, and DNA samples from dozens of suspected Iranian agents in a catch and release program designed to intimidate the Iranian leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-wp20070125_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp20070125-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iranian influence is felt most heavily within the Iraqi Government, the ISF, and Shiite militias. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">CPA</a> enforced a 1987 law banning unions in public enterprises, trade unions such as the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions">Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions</a> (IFTU) and Iraq's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_the_Unemployed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of the Unemployed (page does not exist)">Union of the Unemployed</a> have also mounted effective opposition to the Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no trades unions support the armed insurgents, and unions have themselves been subject to attacks from the insurgents. <a href="/wiki/Hadi_Saleh" title="Hadi Saleh">Hadi Saleh</a> of the IFTU was assassinated under circumstances that pointed to a Ba'athist insurgent group on 3 January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another union federation, the <a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Oil_Employees" class="mw-redirect" title="General Union of Oil Employees">General Union of Oil Employees</a> (GUOE) opposes the Coalition forces in Iraq and calls for immediate withdrawal but was neutral on participation in the election. Whereas the GUOE wants all Coalition troops out immediately, both the IFTU and the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Workers_Councils_and_Unions_in_Iraq" title="Federation of Workers Councils and Unions in Iraq">Workers Councils'</a> call for replacement of U.S. and British forces with neutral forces from the UN, the Arab League and other nations as a transition.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/220px--McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="380" data-mwtitle="McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq,_2006.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq,_2006.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm/McCool_shot_by_sniper_in_Iraq%2C_2006.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>U.S. Army Sgt. McCool shot by an Iraqi insurgent sniper in <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>, 2006.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Tactics of the Iraqi insurgency">Tactics of the Iraqi insurgency</a></div> <p>The <b>tactics of the Iraqi insurgency</b> vary widely. The majority of militant elements use <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive devices</a> (IEDs), car bombs, kidnappings, hostage-taking, shootings, ambushes, sniper attacks, mortar and rocket strikes and other types of attacks to target Iraqis and U.S. forces with little regard for civilian casualties. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IraqiInterpreter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IraqiInterpreter.jpg/220px-IraqiInterpreter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IraqiInterpreter.jpg/330px-IraqiInterpreter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IraqiInterpreter.jpg/440px-IraqiInterpreter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>An armed Iraqi interpreter on patrol with U.S. troops on the streets of Baghdad. They became frequent targets of insurgents during the war.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awareness_of_American_public_opinion">Awareness of American public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awareness of American public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A single study has compared the number of insurgent attacks in Iraq to supposedly negative statements in the U.S. media, release of public opinion polls, and geographic variations in access to international media by Iraqis. The purpose was to determine if there was a link between insurgent activity and media reports. The researchers' study suggested it may be possible that insurgent attacks spiked by 5 to 10% after increases in the number of negative reports of the war in the media. The authors believe this may possibly be an "emboldenment effect" and speculated that "insurgent groups respond rationally to expected probability of US withdrawal."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iraqi_public_opinion">Iraqi public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Iraqi public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of several polls have been conducted to ascertain the position of the Iraqi public further on <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in Iraq">Al Qaeda in Iraq</a> and the U.S. presence. Some polls have found the following: </p> <ul><li>Polls suggest the majority of Iraqis disapprove of the presence of Coalition forces.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A majority of both Sunnis and Shi'as want an end to the U.S. presence as soon as possible, although Sunnis are opposed to the Coalition soldiers being there by greater margins.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Polls suggest the vast majority of Iraqis support attacks on insurgent groups with 80% supporting US attacks on Al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Directly after the invasion, polling suggested that a slight majority supported the US invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However polls conducted in June 2005 suggest that there is some sentiment towards Coalition armies being in Iraq. A 2005 poll by British intelligence said that 45% of Iraqis support attacks against Coalition forces, rising to 65% in some areas, and that 82% are "strongly opposed" to the presence of Coalition troops.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demands for U.S. withdrawal have also been signed on by one third of Iraq's Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These results are consistent with a January 2006 poll that found an overall 47% approval for attacks on U.S.-led forces. That figure climbed to 88% among Sunnis. Attacks on Iraqi security forces and civilians, however, were approved of by only 7% and 12% of respondents respectively. Polls conducted between 2005 and 2007 showed 31–37% of Iraqi's wanted US and other Coalition forces to withdraw once security was restored and that 26–35% wanted immediate withdrawal instead.<sup id="cite_ref-WorldPublicOpinion_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldPublicOpinion-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcpoll_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcpoll-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A September 2006 poll of both Sunnis and Shias found that 71% of Iraqis wanted the U.S. to leave within a year, with 65% favoring an immediate pullout and 77% voicing suspicion that the U.S. wanted to keep permanent bases in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 61% approved of attacks on U.S. forces.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later poll in March 2007<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests the percentage of Iraqis who approve of attacks on Coalition forces has dropped to 51%. In 2006 a poll conducted on the Iraqi public revealed that 52% of the ones polled said Iraq was going in the wrong direction and 61% claimed it was worth ousting Saddam Hussein.<sup id="cite_ref-WorldPublicOpinion_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldPublicOpinion-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite a majority having previously been opposed to the US presence, 60% of Iraqis opposed American troops leaving directly prior to withdrawal, with 51% saying withdrawal would have a negative effect.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scope_and_size_of_the_insurgency">Scope and size of the insurgency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Scope and size of the insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_conflict_in_Iraq_since_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualties of the conflict in Iraq since 2003">Casualties of the conflict in Iraq since 2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count project</a></div> <p>The most intense Sunni insurgent activity takes place in the cities and countryside along the Euphrates River from the Syrian border town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">al-Qaim</a> through <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, as well as along the Tigris river from Baghdad north to <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>. Heavy guerrilla activity also takes place around the cities of Mosul and <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a> in the north, as well as the "<a href="/wiki/Triangle_of_Death_(Iraq)" title="Triangle of Death (Iraq)">Triangle of Death</a>" south of Baghdad, which includes the "-iya" cities of Iskandariya, Mahmudiya, Latifiya, and Yusufiya. Lesser activity takes place in several other areas of the country. The insurgents are believed to maintain a key supply line stretching from Syria through al-Qaim and along the Euphrates to Baghdad and central Iraq, the Iraqi equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail" title="Ho Chi Minh trail">Ho Chi Minh trail</a>. A second "ratline" runs from the Syrian border through Tal Afar to Mosul. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqcontrol.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Iraqcontrol.JPG/220px-Iraqcontrol.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Iraqcontrol.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Provincial control of Iraq in September 2011 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> Coalition control</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Although estimates of the total number of Iraqi guerrillas varies by group and fluctuates under changing political climate, the latest assessments put the present number at between 3,000 and 7,000 fighters along with numerous supporters and facilitators throughout the Sunni Arab community. At various points U.S. forces provided estimates on the number of fighters in specific regions. A few are provided here (although these numbers almost certainly have fluctuated): </p> <ul><li>Fallujah (mid-2004): 2,000–5,000 In a November 2004 operation, the Fallujah insurgency has been destroyed or dispersed, but had staged a comeback in 2005, albeit not to former strength, in the course of 2005–2008 the remainder of the insurgency was defeated in Fallujah and the rest of Al-Anbar province.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> (August 2011): 1,000+</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquba" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquba">Baquba</a> (August 2011 ): 1,000+</li> <li>Baghdad (August 2011): 2,000+</li></ul> <p>Guerilla forces operate in many of the cities and towns of <a href="/wiki/Al-Anbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Anbar">al-Anbar</a> province, due to mostly ineffective Iraqi security forces in this area. There was extensive guerrilla activity in <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>, the capital of the province, as well as <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">al-Qa'im</a>, the first stop on an insurgent movement route between Iraq and Syria. In 2006, reports suggested that the Anbar capital Ramadi had largely fallen under insurgent control along with most of the Anbar region, and that as a result the United States had sent an extra 3,500 marines to reestablish control of the region. In the early part of 2007 the insurgency suffered serious setbacks in Ramadi after they were defeated in the Second Battle of Ramadi in the fall of 2006. With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Anbar_Salvation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Anbar Salvation Council">Anbar Salvation Council</a>, incidents fell from an average of 30 attacks per day in December 2006 to an average of fewer than four in April 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baghdad is still one of the most violent regions of the country, even after the 2007 troop surge more than two-thirds of the violence that takes place in Iraq happens in Baghdad even though the Iraqi Government is in firm control of the entire city. Suicide attacks and car bombs are near daily occurrences in Baghdad. The road from Baghdad to the city airport is the most dangerous in the country, if not the world. Iraqi security and police forces had also been significantly built up in the capital and, despite being constantly targeted, had enjoyed some successes such as the pacification of <a href="/wiki/Haifa_Street" title="Haifa Street">Haifa Street</a>, which however subsequently saw a massive surge of insurgent activity.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after the failed Coalition <a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Operation Together Forward</a> fell under Sunni insurgent control. The U.S. and Iraqi Forces scored many decisive victories in 2007 during the U.S. troops surge when they launched Operation Law and Order and Operation Phantam Thunder which broke the back of the insurgency and has since the saw a mass reduction in violence by 80 percent since then. </p><p>Recent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> intelligence suggests that the base of foreign paramilitary operations has moved from Anbar to the religiously and ethnically mixed <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala province</a>. By July 2007 Diyala had fallen under almost total Insurgent control, and had become the headquarters for the Sunni-dominated <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a>, which has issued a proclamation declaring the regional capital Baqubah its capital. </p><p>In response to a law allowing for the partitioning of Iraq into autonomous regions, members of the Mutayibeen Coalition (<i><a href="/wiki/Khalf_al-Mutayibeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalf al-Mutayibeen">Khalf al-Mutayibeen</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-memri171006_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memri171006-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), a coalition of Sunni insurgent groups including Al Qaeda in Iraq, announced the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> encompassing parts of 6 of Iraq's 18 provinces on 15 October 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-memri171006_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memri171006-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet another show of defiance came on 18 October when Sunni fighters brazenly paraded in Ramadi. Similar parades were held two days later in several towns across western Iraq, two of which occurred within two miles of U.S. military bases. </p><p>By October 2006, small radicalized militias had seemed to overshadow the larger and more organized Sunni groups which had composed the insurgency previously.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As disagreements emerged in pre-existing groups for reasons ranging from the rift in the Sunni forces between foreign and Iraqi fighters, competition between Mahdi Army and Badr Brigade, and anger over various decisions such as Muqtada al Sadr's agreement to join the political process, dozens of insurgency groups sprung up across the country, though particularly in Baghdad where the U.S. army has listed 23 active militias. Residents have described the capital as being a patchwork of militia run fiefs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result of the insurgency's splintering nature, many established leaders seemed to lose influence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This was particularly illustrated on 19 October, when members of the Mahdi army briefly seized control of Amarah. The attack, while demonstrating the influence of the Madhi army, is believed to have originated as a result of contention between local units of the Madhi army and the allegedly Badr brigade run security forces, and the timing suggested that neither Al Sadr nor his top commanders had known or orchestrated the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the height of the war, insurgents launched hundreds of attacks each month against Coalition forces. Overtime, insurgency groups moved to more sophisticated methods of attack such as <a href="/wiki/Explosively_formed_penetrator" title="Explosively formed penetrator">Explosively formed penetrators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_laser" title="Far-infrared laser">infrared lasers</a>, which cannot be easily jammed. These attacks contributed to the rate of civilian casualties which in turn reduced Iraq's public safety as well as the reliability of infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 29 January 2009 4,235 U.S. soldiers, 178 British soldiers and 139 soldiers from other nations (allied with the coalition) have died in Iraq. 31,834 U.S. soldiers had been wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coalition forces do not usually release death counts. As such, the exact number of insurgents killed by the Coalition or Iraqi forces is unknown. Through September 2007 more than 19,000 insurgents were reported to have been killed in fighting with Coalition forces and tens of thousands of Iraqi "suspected civilians" were captured (including 25,000 detainees in U.S. military custody at the time), according to military statistics released for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American-led_counter-insurgency_operations">American-led counter-insurgency operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: American-led counter-insurgency operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition military operations of the Iraq War">Coalition military operations of the Iraq War</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv/227px--Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="227" height="170" data-durationhint="214" data-mwtitle="Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv/Apache-killing-Iraq.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApache-killing-Iraq.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Video footage taken from the gun camera of an <a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache</a> helicopter showing the killing of people whom the U.S. military regarded as suspected Iraqi insurgents. Date and location: December 1, 2003, near <a href="/wiki/Taji,_Iraq" title="Taji, Iraq">al-Taji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Over 500 <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counter-insurgency</a> operations have been undertaken by the U.S.-led Coalition or the Iraqi government. These include Operation Option North and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bayonet_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Bayonet Lightning">Operation Bayonet Lightning</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Thrust">Operation Desert Thrust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Abilene_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Abilene (2003)">Operation Abilene</a> and Operation All American Tiger throughout Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2003)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2003)">Operation Iron Hammer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Blizzard" title="Operation Ivy Blizzard">Operation Ivy Blizzard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> – all in 2003; Operation Market Sweep, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vigilant_Resolve" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vigilant Resolve">Operation Vigilant Resolve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phantom Fury">Operation Phantom Fury</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> in 2004; <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Qaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al Qaim">Operation Matador</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Anbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Squeeze_Play" title="Operation Squeeze Play">Operation Squeeze Play</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">Operation Lightning</a> in Baghdad, <a href="/wiki/Operation_New_Market" title="Operation New Market">Operation New Market</a> near <a href="/wiki/Haditha" title="Haditha">Haditha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spear" title="Operation Spear">Operation Spear</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karabillah" class="mw-redirect" title="Karabillah">Karabillah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2005)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2005)">Battle of Tal Afar</a> – all in 2005; <a href="/wiki/Operation_Swarmer" title="Operation Swarmer">Operation Swarmer</a> in Samarra and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Operation Together Forward</a> in Baghdad in 2006; and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Law_and_Order" title="Operation Law and Order">Operation Law and Order</a> in Baghdad, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Arrowhead_Ripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Arrowhead Ripper">Operation Arrowhead Ripper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baqouba" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqouba">Baqouba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike">Operation Phantom Strike</a> throughout Iraq – all in 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolation_payment" title="Consolation payment">Consolation payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Fallujah during the Iraq War">Fallujah during the Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juba_(sniper)" title="Juba (sniper)">Juba (sniper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_rebellions" title="List of revolutions and rebellions">List of revolutions and rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_order_of_battle_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War order of battle 2009">Iraq War order of battle 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. kill or capture strategy in Iraq">USA kill or capture strategy in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" title="U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis">USA list of most-wanted Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command_Task_Force_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War">Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_ODIN" title="Task Force ODIN">Task Force ODIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13303" title="Executive Order 13303">Executive Order 13303</a></li></ul> <p><b>Chronology:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Iraq (2003–11)">History of Iraq (2003–11)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Iraq" title="2003 in Iraq">2003 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Iraq" title="2004 in Iraq">2004 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Iraq" title="2005 in Iraq">2005 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Iraq" title="2006 in Iraq">2006 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Iraq" title="2007 in Iraq">2007 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008 in Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mosul_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Mosul offensive">2008 Mosul offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010 in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011 in Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elaheh Rostami-Povey, <i>Iran's Influence: A Religious-Political State and Society in Its Region</i>, pp. 130–154, Zed Books Ltd, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305151457/http://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Felter_Iranian_Strategy_in_Iraq.pdf">"Iranian Strategy in Iraq Politics and "Other Means"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Democracy Now!. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/18/1419205">the original</a> on 13 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+Resistance%3A+New+Doc+Follows+Iraqis+Fighting+U.S.+Occupation+of+Their+Country&rft.pub=Democracy+Now%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D07%2F10%2F18%2F1419205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span> "Know Thine Enemy" | New York Times |21 October 2007 "Meeting Resistance is directed by journalists Molly Bingham and Steve Connors. In a video op-ed for the New York Times, they cite Pentagon reports between 2004 and '07 to claim 74% of attacks by Iraqi insurgents target American-led occupation forces. They also cite a recent BBC/ABC poll which found 100% of Iraqis polled disapproved of attacks on Iraqi civilians."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/02/18/sprj.irq.deployment/index.html">"U.S. has 100,000 troops in Kuwait"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 18 February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108211421/http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/02/18/sprj.irq.deployment/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4350&page=1">the original</a> on 26 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Failed+States+list+2008&rft.pub=Fund+for+Peace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fstory%2Fcms.php%3Fstory_id%3D4350%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070820/pl_nm/security_usa_bush_dc;_ylt=Au59xROu4wsVd5s8u2fll42s0NUE">"U.S. foreign policy experts oppose surge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+foreign+policy+experts+oppose+surge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fnm%2F20070820%2Fpl_nm%2Fsecurity_usa_bush_dc%3B_ylt%3DAu59xROu4wsVd5s8u2fll42s0NUE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071031172626/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/images/TI3_Final_Results.doc">"Foreign Policy: Terrorism Survey III (Final Results)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/images/TI3_Final_Results.doc">the original</a> on 31 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy%3A+Terrorism+Survey+III+%28Final+Results%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fimages%2FTI3_Final_Results.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625062302/http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/Master_16_June_08_%20FINAL_SIGNED%20.pdf">"Measuring Security and Stability in Iraq"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>US Department of Defense</i>. June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/Master_16_June_08_%20FINAL_SIGNED%20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Department+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Measuring+Security+and+Stability+in+Iraq&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fpubs%2Fpdfs%2FMaster_16_June_08_%2520FINAL_SIGNED%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330215141/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08837.pdf">"US Government Accountability Office (June 2008): Securing, Stabilizing, and Rebuilding Iraq"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08837.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Government+Accountability+Office+%28June+2008%29%3A+Securing%2C+Stabilizing%2C+and+Rebuilding+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Fnew.items%2Fd08837.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Simon, Steven (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218232810/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501faessay87305/steven-simon/the-price-of-the-surge.html">"The Price of the Surge"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501faessay87305/steven-simon/the-price-of-the-surge.html">the original</a> on 18 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=The+Price+of+the+Surge&rft.date=2008-05&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.org%2F20080501faessay87305%2Fsteven-simon%2Fthe-price-of-the-surge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordland2009" class="citation news cs1">Nordland, Rod (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/world/middleeast/13iraq.html">"The New York Times"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227161327/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/world/middleeast/13iraq.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.aulast=Nordland&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F13iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes2701-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes2701_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes2701_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/suicide-bomber-kills-32-at-baghdad-funeral-march/">"Suicide bomber kills 32 at Baghdad funeral march"</a>. Fox News. Associated Press. 27 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306053129/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/01/27/car-bombing-kills-26-in-baghdad/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suicide+bomber+kills+32+at+Baghdad+funeral+march&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fsuicide-bomber-kills-32-at-baghdad-funeral-march%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alarabiya2902-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alarabiya2902_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130910171312/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/29/197696.html">"As bombs hit Baghdad, Iraq says about 69, 263 people killed between 2004 and 2011"</a>. English.alarabiya.net. 29 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/29/197696.html">the original</a> on 10 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+bombs+hit+Baghdad%2C+Iraq+says+about+69%2C+263+people+killed+between+2004+and+2011&rft.pub=English.alarabiya.net&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2012%2F02%2F29%2F197696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian.co.uk-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitakerMacAskill2005" class="citation news cs1">Whitaker, Brian; MacAskill, Ewen (23 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1576666,00.html">"Report attacks 'myth' of foreign fighters"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/People/Speeches/ChiefStaff/20070921AddressToTheInternationalInstituteForStrategicStudies.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Address+to+the+International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rft.pub=UK+Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2007-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.uk%2FDefenceInternet%2FAboutDefence%2FPeople%2FSpeeches%2FChiefStaff%2F20070921AddressToTheInternationalInstituteForStrategicStudies.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102091923/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/31/africa/ME_GEN_Jordan_Saddam_Execution.php">A group of Iraqi Ba'athists pledges allegiance to Saddam's fugitive deputy, naming him leader</a> <i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>, 31 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917213547/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467631042&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">"Jordan Baathists pledge loyalty to Saddam deputy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a></i>. 31 January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467631042&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">the original</a> on 17 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jordan+Baathists+pledge+loyalty+to+Saddam+deputy&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1167467631042%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6226977.stm">Saddam aide is new Ba'ath leader</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116202139/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6226977.stm">Archived</a> 16 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 3 January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070109072329/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28895025_ITM">"Wanted: the iceman: the last of Saddam's inner circle still at liberty continues to taunt his would-be captors with frequent sightings and leads a ruthless band of Ba'athist insurgents"</a>. <i>Access My Library</i>. 1 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28895025_ITM">the original</a> on 9 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Access+My+Library&rft.atitle=Wanted%3A+the+iceman%3A+the+last+of+Saddam%27s+inner+circle+still+at+liberty+continues+to+taunt+his+would-be+captors+with+frequent+sightings+and+leads+a+ruthless+band+of+Ba%27athist+insurgents&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-28895025_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,1980915,00.html">Battle for New Leader Likely</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 1 January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeerah.info/News%20archives/2005%20News%20Archives/June/29%20n/Iraqis%20Unhappy%20with%20the%20Bush%20vow%20to%20stay%20on.htm">Iraqis Unhappy with the Bush vow to stay on</a>. aljazeerah.info News archives <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorktimes-10-20-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newyorktimes-10-20_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemple2006" class="citation news cs1">Semple, Kirk (20 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/20/world/middleeast/21iraqcnd.html?ex=1318996800&en=a542d37a1dff56f9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss">"Attack on Iraqi City Shows Militia's Power"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123133459/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/20/world/middleeast/21iraqcnd.html?ex=1318996800&en=a542d37a1dff56f9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Attack+on+Iraqi+City+Shows+Militia%27s+Power&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F20%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F21iraqcnd.html%3Fex%3D1318996800%26en%3Da542d37a1dff56f9%26ei%3D5088%26partner%3Drssnyt%26emc%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzetti2008" class="citation news cs1">Mazzetti, Mark (19 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/19/world/middleeast/19intel.html">"Documents Say Iran Aids Militias From Iraq"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210064027/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/19/world/middleeast/19intel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Documents+Say+Iran+Aids+Militias+From+Iraq&rft.date=2008-10-19&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F19%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F19intel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206164118/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/Iran_Iraq.asp">"Combating Terrorism Center"</a>. Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctc.usma.edu/Iran_Iraq.asp">the original</a> on 6 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Combating+Terrorism+Center&rft.pub=Ctc.usma.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fctc.usma.edu%2FIran_Iraq.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ned Parker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/mideast-crisis-iraq-militias/">"Torture by Iraqi militias: The report Washington did not want you to see"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704005248/http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/mideast-crisis-iraq-militias/">Archived</a> 4 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Reuters, 14 December 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/31694.htm">"Zarqawi Letter"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422235817/https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/31694.htm">Archived</a> 22 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> State Dept. archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Sadr_supporter_demographics-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-Sadr_supporter_demographics_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairweather2004" class="citation news cs1">Fairweather, Jack (14 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171014073658/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/?xml=/news/2004/04/14/wirq214.xml">"Sadr City slum divided over firebrand cleric as calm returns"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London: Telegraph Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/04/14/wirq214.xml">the original</a> on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sadr+City+slum+divided+over+firebrand+cleric+as+calm+returns&rft.date=2004-04-14&rft.aulast=Fairweather&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2004%2F04%2F14%2Fwirq214.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002581_pf.html">"Intensified Combat on Streets Likely"</a>. <i>Washingtonpost.com</i>. 11 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428213841/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002581_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Intensified+Combat+on+Streets+Likely&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F10%2FAR2007011002581_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasrawi2006" class="citation news cs1">Nasrawi, Salah (8 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/iraq/2003467318_iraqsaudi08.html">"The Seattle Times: Iraq: Saudis reportedly funding insurgents"</a>. Seattletimes.nwsource.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524115849/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/iraq/2003467318_iraqsaudi08.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Seattle+Times%3A+Iraq%3A+Saudis+reportedly+funding+insurgents&rft.date=2006-12-08&rft.aulast=Nasrawi&rft.aufirst=Salah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Firaq%2F2003467318_iraqsaudi08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonFilkins2006" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael R.; Filkins, Dexter (27 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/world/middleeast/28military.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">"Hezbollah Said to Help Shia Army in Iraq"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160725050413/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/world/middleeast/28military.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+Said+to+Help+Shia+Army+in+Iraq&rft.date=2006-11-27&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft.au=Filkins%2C+Dexter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F28%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F28military.html%3F_r%3D1%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/15/1073877963219.html">Saddam warning on Islamist forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428222223/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/15/1073877963219.html">Archived</a> 28 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i>, 16 January 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countercurrents.org/iraq-fisk301003.htm">"This is a Resistance Movement, Whether We Like It or Not"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050421233325/http://www.countercurrents.org/iraq-fisk301003.htm">Archived</a> 21 April 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Robert Fisk. Democracy Now, 30 October 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050929211423/http://www.globalterroralert.com/pdf/0505/zarqawi0505-11.pdf">"Communiqué from "Al-Qaida's Jihad Committee in Mesopotamia" (Abu Musab al-Zarqawi)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalterroralert.com/pdf/0505/zarqawi0505-11.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 September 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+from+%22Al-Qaida%27s+Jihad+Committee+in+Mesopotamia%22+%28Abu+Musab+al-Zarqawi%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalterroralert.com%2Fpdf%2F0505%2Fzarqawi0505-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/al-qaeda-in-iraq-to-recruit-locals-for-attacks">Al Qaeda in Iraq to Recruit Locals for Attacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, 21 June 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phil Sands, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/05/06/09/168406.html">'Good and honest' Iraqis fighting US forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013015804/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/05/06/09/168406.html">Archived</a> 13 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 6 September 2005, 06:25 (UAE)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepe_Escobar2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pepe_Escobar" title="Pepe Escobar">Pepe Escobar</a> (11 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011113303/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FK20Ak03.html">"The Sunni-Shi'ite power play"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FK20Ak03.html/Middle_East/FK20Ak03.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=The+Sunni-Shi%27ite+power+play&rft.date=2004-10-11&rft.au=Pepe+Escobar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FFK20Ak03.html%2FMiddle_East%2FFK20Ak03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/04/wirq04.xml&sSheet=/portal/2005/12/04/ixportal.html">" US Army admits Iraqis outnumber foreign fighters as its main enemy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060211004819/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2005%2F12%2F04%2Fwirq04.xml&sSheet=%2Fportal%2F2005%2F12%2F04%2Fixportal.html">Archived</a> 11 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Telegraph 3 December 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Grier, "Is war in Iraq a shield against attacks at home?" <i>Christian Science Monitor</i> (18 September 2006) p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428105410/http://www.ecssr.ac.ae/CDA/en/ProfileBank/ViewProfile/0%2C1421%2C1250-00%2C00.html">"View Profile"</a>. ECSSR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecssr.ac.ae/CDA/en/ProfileBank/ViewProfile/0,1421,1250-00,00.html">the original</a> on 28 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=View+Profile&rft.pub=ECSSR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecssr.ac.ae%2FCDA%2Fen%2FProfileBank%2FViewProfile%2F0%2C1421%2C1250-00%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930030154/http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/w-me/2005/jun/30/063006836.html">"Foreigners Blamed for Iraq Suicide Attacks"</a>. <i>Las Vegas Sun</i>. 30 June 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/w-me/2005/jun/30/063006836.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Sun&rft.atitle=Foreigners+Blamed+for+Iraq+Suicide+Attacks&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasvegassun.com%2Fsunbin%2Fstories%2Fw-me%2F2005%2Fjun%2F30%2F063006836.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9173345">"AP report"</a>. MSNBC. 8 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520143256/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9173345/from/RL.1/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+report&rft.pub=MSNBC&rft.date=2005-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna9173345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2005/09/mil-050911-rferl03.htm">"Iraq: Operation In Tal Afar A Success, But For How Long?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070604054806/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2005/09/mil-050911-rferl03.htm">Archived</a> 4 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Radio Free Iraq</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051225211747/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/july-dec05/iraq_9-21.html">"Violence Escalates In Iraq"</a>, PBS, 21 September 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/10/AR2005091001308_pf.html">Washington Post report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020122317/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/10/AR2005091001308_pf.html">Archived</a> 20 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> doesn't, although, this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/02/AR2005090202250.html">Washington Post report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020122319/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/02/AR2005090202250.html">Archived</a> 20 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> refers to foreign fighters amongst the insurgents in Tal Afar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-english.aljazeera.net-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219024830/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/FFFE08A7-D75C-45F5-AB51-206EA2D48668.htm">"Iraqi troops sweep through Tal Afar"</a>. 11 September 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Text+of+a+document+found+in+Zarqawi%27s+safe+house&rft.date=2006-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2F2006-06-15-zarqawi-text_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoriano2006" class="citation news cs1">Soriano, Cesar (15 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-06-15-raid-blueprint_x.htm">"Iraqi leaders: Memo details al-Qaeda plans"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227071452/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-06-15-raid-blueprint_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Militias+Splintering+into+Radicalized+Cells&rft.date=2006-10-19&rft.aulast=Raghavan&rft.aufirst=Sudarsan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F10%2F18%2FAR2006101801865.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2006" class="citation news cs1">Burns, John F. (22 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/world/middleeast/22iraq.html?pagewanted=all">"Precarious Cease-Fire in Amara Holds"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108081447/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/world/middleeast/22iraq.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Precarious+Cease-Fire+in+Amara+Holds&rft.date=2006-10-22&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F22%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F22iraq.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakaria2005" class="citation web cs1">Zakaria, Fareed (22 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317010823/http://www.fareedzakaria.com/articles/newsweek/082205.html">"Don't Make Hollow Threats"</a>. 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(29 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070922155006/http://icasualties.org/oif/">"Operation Enduring Freedom Fatalities"</a>. Iraq coalition casualties count. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icasualties.org/oif/">the original</a> on 22 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Enduring+Freedom+Fatalities&rft.pub=Iraq+coalition+casualties+count&rft.date=2007-01-29&rft.aulast=Kneisler&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.au=White%2C+Michael&rft.au=Evan+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficasualties.org%2Foif%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaels2007" class="citation news cs1">Michaels, Jim (27 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-09-26-insurgents_N.htm">"19,000 insurgents killed in Iraq since '03"</a>. Usatoday.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428200503/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-09-26-insurgents_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=19%2C000+insurgents+killed+in+Iraq+since+%2703&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2F2007-09-26-insurgents_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=131481&page=1">"Tape Shows Apache Pilots Firing on Iraqis"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 9 January 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tape+Shows+Apache+Pilots+Firing+on+Iraqis&rft.date=2004-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FWNT%2Fstory%3Fid%3D131481%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/video-shows-killing-of-3-iraqis-by-us-helicopter-1.1139270">"Video shows killing of 3 Iraqis by US helicopter"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 6 May 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Video+shows+killing+of+3+Iraqis+by+US+helicopter&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fvideo-shows-killing-of-3-iraqis-by-us-helicopter-1.1139270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishku2018" class="citation cs2">Bishku, Michael B. (2018), <i>Israel and the Kurds: A Pragmatic Relationship in Middle Eastern Politics</i>, vol. 41, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Kurds%3A+A+Pragmatic+Relationship+in+Middle+Eastern+Politics&rft.pub=Journal+of+South+Asian+and+Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bishku&rft.aufirst=Michael+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+insurgency+%282003%E2%80%932011%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chehab, Zaki. <i>Iraq Ablaze: Inside the Insurgency</i>, <a href="/wiki/I._B._Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I. B. Tauris">I. B. Tauris</a> & Co Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-110-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-110-9">1-84511-110-9</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328141142/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr134.pdf"><i>Who Are the Insurgents? Sunni Arab Rebels in Iraq</i> U.S. Institute of Peace Special Report, April 2005</a></li> <li>Rogers, Paul. <i>Iraq and the War on Terror: Twelve Months of Insurgency.</i> I.B. Tauris. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-205-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-205-9">1-84511-205-9</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061102215837/http://ksgfaculty.harvard.edu/Ahmed_Hashim">Hashim, Ahmed S</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.taf?ti_id=4447"><i>Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Iraq</i>.</a> <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-4452-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-4452-7">0-8014-4452-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvrf8c5d">JSTOR</a></li> <li>Enders, David. <i>Baghdad Bulletin: Dispatches on the American Occupation</i> University of Michigan Press (4 April 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11469-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11469-7">0-472-11469-7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.100388">JSTOR</a></li> <li>O'Connell, Edward. Bruce R. Pirnie. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219091728/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG595.3.pdf">Counterinsurgency in Iraq: 2003–2006</a></i>/ RAND <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4297-2">978-0-8330-4297-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Todenh%C3%B6fer" title="Jürgen Todenhöfer">Jürgen Todenhöfer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826024513/http://www.whydoyoukillzaid.com/"><i>Why do you kill? The untold story of the Iraqi resistance</i>.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Insurgency_in_Iraq" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Insurgency in Iraq">Insurgency in Iraq</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christopher Alexander, Charles Kyle and William McCallister <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219091714/http://www.comw.org/warreport/fulltext/03alexander.pdf"><i>The Iraqi Insurgent Movement</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Institute">Commonwealth Institute</a> 14 November 2003</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Conetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Conetta (page does not exist)">Carl Conetta</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320002300/http://www.comw.org/pda/0507bm34.html">400 Days and Out: A Strategy for Solving the Iraq Impasse</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comw.org/pda/"><i>Project on Defense Alternatives</i></a>, 19 July 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410155130/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/insurgency/"><i>Frontline: The Insurgency</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(PBS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (PBS)">Frontline</a></i> 21 February 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100224074914/http://www.comw.org/pda/0603insurgency.html">Insurgent Iraq: Links to full-text online articles and reports about the Iraqi Insurgency</a>. Compiled by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comw.org/pda/"><i>Project on Defense Alternatives</i></a>, March 2006. Updated 22 August 2006.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308150814/http://www.wadinet.de/news/dokus/Electronic_Propaganda_Study.pdf">Electronic Propaganda in Iraq</a>". wadinet.de (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_articles">News articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: News articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Biedermann, Ferry. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012070844/https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/168/36870.html">Portrait of an Iraqi Rebel</a>." <i>Salon.</i> 16 August 2003, via globalpolicy.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040831082234/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11043">Crushing Iraq's insurgency may take up to 10 years</a>." <i>Middle East Online</i> (UK). 23 August 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060223092033/http://www.smh.com.au/flash/mcgeough/main.html">multimedia article by Australian Journalist Paul McGeogh of the <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supportive_of_the_insurgents">Supportive of the insurgents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Supportive of the insurgents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205222220/https://www.albasrah.net/moqawama/english/iraqi_resistance.htm">Iraqi Resistance Reports</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albasrah.net/">albasrah.net</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Profiles_of_insurgent_groups">Profiles of insurgent groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Profiles of insurgent groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406030909/https://www.albasrah.net/index.php">Iraq's Insurgents: Who's Who</a>". <i>Washington Post</i>, 19 March 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604232745/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3483089.stm">BBC: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iraq&#124;link=Iraq_Iraq_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraq_topics" title="Template:Iraq topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iraq_topics" title="Template talk:Iraq topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iraq&#124;link=Iraq_Iraq_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="position:relative; bottom:1px;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassuna_culture" title="Hassuna culture">Hassuna culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_period" title="Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period">Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr_period" title="Jemdet Nasr period">Jemdet Nasr period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subartu" title="Subartu">Subartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_rule_in_Mesopotamia" title="Gutian rule in Mesopotamia">Gutian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">First Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Assyrian Period">Old Assyrian Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurrum" title="Simurrum">Simurrum culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Babylon" title="Fall of Babylon">Fall of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyria" title="Achaemenid Assyria">Achaemenid Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoristan" title="Asoristan">Sassanid Asorestan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">638–1958</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq" title="Ottoman Iraq">Ottoman Iraq</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk dynasty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mandate for Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Iraq" title="List of kings of Iraq">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931968)" title="Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)">1958–1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">1968–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">2003–2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">2011–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">National Command</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1977 Shia uprising in Iraq">1977 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq">1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Operation Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 uprisings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">U.S. invasion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. troop withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War (2014–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Fall of Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests" title="2019–2021 Iraqi protests">2019–2021 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Iraqi_political_crisis" title="2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis">2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq" title="Geography of Iraq">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faw_peninsula" title="Al-Faw peninsula">Faw peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Iraq" title="Template:Borders of Iraq">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamrin_Mountains" title="Hamrin Mountains">Hamrin Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Iraq" title="Category:Lakes of Iraq">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Iraq" title="List of islands of Iraq">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Iraq" title="List of places in Iraq">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab" title="Shatt al-Arab">Shatt al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qasr" title="Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Iraq" title="Wildlife of Iraq">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Iraq" title="Governorates of Iraq">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Council of Representatives <span style="font-size:85%;">(legislative)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Iraq" title="Democracy in Iraq">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iraq" title="Elections in Iraq">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Iraq" title="Foreign aid to Iraq">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iraq" title="Foreign relations of Iraq">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Iraq)" title="Council of Ministers (Iraq)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_Council_of_Iraq" title="Presidency Council of Iraq">Presidency Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Iraq" title="List of presidents of Iraq">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_pre-Saddam_Iraq" title="Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq">in pre-Saddam Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saddam_Hussein%27s_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq">in Saddam Hussein's Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">in post-invasion Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">in ISIL-controlled territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iraq">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iraq" title="Women in Iraq">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Iraq" title="Law of Iraq">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iraq" title="List of political parties in Iraq">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iraq" title="Judiciary of Iraq">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Iraq" title="List of wars involving Iraq">Wars and conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iraq" title="Economy of Iraq">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Iraq" title="List of banks in Iraq">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iraq" title="Central Bank of Iraq">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Iraq" title="List of companies of Iraq">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iraq" title="Corruption in Iraq">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_of_Iraq" title="Infrastructure of Iraq">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Foreign Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iraq" title="Petroleum industry in Iraq">Oil Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Iraq" title="Oil reserves in Iraq">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Stock_Exchange" title="Iraq Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Iraq" title="Transport in Iraq">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Iraq" title="List of airlines of Iraq">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_Railways" title="Iraqi Republic Railways">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iraq" title="Tourism in Iraq">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Iraq" title="Category:Society of Iraq">Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iraq" title="Demographics of Iraq">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqis" title="Iraqis">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iraq" title="Languages of Iraq">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_languages" title="Neo-Aramaic languages">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen#Language" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Iraq" title="Minorities in Iraq">Minorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armenians" title="Iraqi Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iraq" title="Circassians in Iraq">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Kurds in Iraq">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Arabs" title="Marsh Arabs">Marsh Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajam_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajam of Iraq">Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solluba" title="Solluba">Solluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen</a>/Turkoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Iraq" title="Secularism in Iraq">Secularism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iraq" title="Islam in Iraq">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq" title="Christianity in Iraq">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Iraq" title="Irreligion in Iraq">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_art" title="Iraqi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iraq" title="Culture of Iraq">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Iraq">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iraq" title="Education in Iraq">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Iraq" title="Health in Iraq">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Iraq" title="Mass media in Iraq">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Iraq" title="Television in Iraq">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Iraq" title="Smoking in Iraq">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Iraq" title="Sport in Iraq">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Iraq" title="Squatting in Iraq">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iraq" title="Public holidays in Iraq">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akitu" title="Akitu">Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Mandaean New Year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iraq" title="Category:Iraq">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Iraq" title="Portal:Iraq">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Iraq" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Iraq">WikiProject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iraq" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iraq">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraq_War" title="Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iraq_War" title="Template talk:Iraq War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prelude" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Prelude to the Iraq War">Prelude</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="British support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">British</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">U.S. support for Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_attacks_against_Iran" title="Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran">Chemical attacks against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfal_campaign" title="Anfal campaign">Anfal campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayirah_testimony" title="Nayirah testimony">Nayirah testimony</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions against Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict" title="Iraqi no-fly zones conflict">No-fly zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNSCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSCOM">UNSCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms-to-Iraq_affair" title="Arms-to-Iraq affair">Arms-to-Iraq affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Programme" title="Oil-for-Food Programme">Oil-for-Food Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Program_Hearings" title="Oil-for-Food Program Hearings">Investigations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">Aftermath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">U.S. War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">Invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Rationale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">WMD claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries" title="Niger uranium forgeries">Yellowcake uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_aluminum_tubes" title="Iraqi aluminum tubes">Aluminum tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program" title="Iraqi biological weapons program">Biological weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_weapons_program" title="Iraqi chemical weapons program">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball_(informant)" title="Curveball (informant)">"Curveball"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Iraqi_mobile_weapons_laboratories" title="Allegations of Iraqi mobile weapons laboratories">Mobile weapon labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks#Al-Qaeda_and_Iraq_blamed_for_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">Anthrax claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atta%27s_alleged_Prague_connection" title="Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_ricin_plot" title="Wood Green ricin plot">Ricin claims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War#Oil" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Oil as a possible rationale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfowitz_Doctrine" title="Wolfowitz Doctrine">Wolfowitz Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell%27s_presentation_to_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Colin Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council">Colin Powell's UN presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_disarmament_crisis" title="Iraq disarmament crisis">Disarmament crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Monitoring,_Verification_and_Inspection_Commission" title="United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission">UNMOVIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failed_Iraqi_peace_initiatives" title="Failed Iraqi peace initiatives">Failed peace initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002">Iraq resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_parliamentary_approval_for_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq">UK parliament's support for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Legality of the Iraq War">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Legitimacy of the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Media coverage of the Iraq War">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_military_analyst_program" title="Pentagon military analyst program">Military analyst program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_rapid_response_operation" title="Pentagon rapid response operation">Rapid response operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein%27s_alleged_shredder" title="Saddam Hussein's alleged shredder">Saddam's alleged shredder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">Preemptive war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq">Saddam Hussein and human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dossiers<br />and memos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habbush_letter" title="Habbush letter">Habbush letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_memo" title="Downing Street memo">Downing Street memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Dossier" title="September Dossier">September Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_letter" title="Vilnius letter">Vilnius letter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_letter_of_the_eight" title="The letter of the eight">Letter of the eight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Blair_2003_Iraq_memo" title="Bush–Blair 2003 Iraq memo">Bush–Blair 2003 memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Dossier" title="Iraq Dossier">February Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Aznar_memo" title="Bush–Aznar memo">Bush–Aznar memo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">2003–06 period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Anbar campaign (2003–2011)">Anbar campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Fallujah during the Iraq War">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Interrogation of Saddam Hussein">Interrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Trial of Saddam Hussein">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein">Execution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">2006 al-Askari mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Civil war (2006–08)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">2007 U.S. troop surge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Timeline of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of forces agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion<br />(2003)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Timeline of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preparations_for_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq">Preparations for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Battle of Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Fall of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Battle of Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destruction" title="Firdos Square statue destruction">Firdos Square statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">US public opinion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation<br />(2003–2011)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Ramadi" title="American occupation of Ramadi">Occupation of Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">De-Ba'athification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Orders" title="100 Orders">100 Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_2" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2">CPA Order 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_17" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 17">CPA Order 17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_installations_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military installations in Iraq">U.S. military bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)#Role_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Blackwater (company)">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Reconstruction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Fund_for_Iraq" title="Development Fund for Iraq">Development Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_reform_of_Iraq" title="Economic reform of Iraq">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UNAMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qa%27qaa_high_explosives_controversy" title="Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy">Al Qa'qaa high explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq" title="United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq">U.S. kill or capture strategy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Replacementgovernments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Administrative_Law_(Iraq)" title="Transitional Administrative Law (Iraq)">Replacement<br />governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council">Iraqi Governing Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Interim_Government" title="Iraqi Interim Government">Interim Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election">2005 parliamentary elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Transitional_Government" title="Iraqi Transitional Government">Transitional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Iraqi_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum">Ratification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Participants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Australian involvement in the Iraq War">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancon/Irak" title="Dancon/Irak">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Georgian involvement in the Iraq War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Iranian involvement in the Iraq War">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Italian involvement in the Iraq War">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Polish involvement in the Iraq War">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Division" title="Zaytun Division">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Humanitarian_Assistance_Task_Force_976_Thai-Iraq" title="Thai Humanitarian Assistance Task Force 976 Thai-Iraq">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Ukrainian involvement in the Iraq War">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="British involvement in the Iraq War">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insurgent<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sunni<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Jeish Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shia<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s militia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Supreme_Council_of_Iraq" title="Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq">Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ba'ath<br />loyalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Battles_and_operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Battles and <a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">operations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ancient_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ancient Babylon">Ancient Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Scorpion_(Iraq_2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Scorpion (Iraq 2003)">Desert Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Thrust">Desert Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Falconer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2003)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2003)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Justice" title="Operation Iron Justice">Iron Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Blizzard" title="Operation Ivy Blizzard">Ivy Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay">Northern Delay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Airborne_Dragon" title="Operation Airborne Dragon">Airborne Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_Squeeze" title="Operation Panther Squeeze">Panther Squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peninsula_Strike" title="Operation Peninsula Strike">Peninsula Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Planet_X" title="Operation Planet X">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Telic" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Telic">Telic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulldog_Mammoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Bulldog Mammoth">Bulldog Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Saber" title="Operation Iron Saber">Iron Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">New Dawn (Al Fajr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Phantom Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Linebacker" title="Operation Phantom Linebacker">Phantom Linebacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plymouth_Rock" title="Operation Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Vigilant Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warrior%27s_Rage" title="Operation Warrior's Rage">Warrior's Rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Rising_Force" title="Operation Able Rising Force">Able Rising Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Warrior" title="Operation Able Warrior">Able Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2005)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2005)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_New_Market" title="Operation New Market">New Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spear" title="Operation Spear">Spear (Romhe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Squeeze_Play" title="Operation Squeeze Play">Squeeze Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel_Curtain" title="Operation Steel Curtain">Steel Curtain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Al_Majid" title="Operation Al Majid">Al Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gaugamela" title="Operation Gaugamela">Gaugamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guardian_Tiger_IV" title="Operation Guardian Tiger IV">Guardian Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_River_Falcon" title="Operation River Falcon">River Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinbad" title="Operation Sinbad">Sinbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Swarmer" title="Operation Swarmer">Swarmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Together Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alljah" title="Operation Alljah">Alljah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arbead_II" title="Operation Arbead II">Arbead II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ardennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Eagle" title="Operation Black Eagle">Black Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Commando_Eagle" title="Operation Commando Eagle">Commando Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Forsythe_Park" title="Operation Forsythe Park">Forsythe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Imposing_Law" title="Operation Imposing Law">Imposing Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leyte_Gulf" title="Operation Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Avalanche" title="Operation Marne Avalanche">Marne Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Torch" title="Operation Marne Torch">Marne Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mawtini" title="Operation Mawtini">Mawtini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike">Phantom Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Thunder" title="Operation Phantom Thunder">Phantom Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Tempest" title="Operation Polar Tempest">Polar Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Purple_Haze" title="Operation Purple Haze">Purple Haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Saber_Guardian" title="Operation Saber Guardian">Saber Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sledgehammer_(2007)" title="Operation Sledgehammer (2007)">Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stampede_3" title="Operation Stampede 3">Stampede 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_Hammer" title="Operation Tiger Hammer">Tiger Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valiant_Guardian" title="Operation Valiant Guardian">Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Defeat_Al_Qaeda_in_the_North" title="Operation Defeat Al Qaeda in the North">Defeat Al Qaeda in the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Augurs_of_Prosperity" title="Operation Augurs of Prosperity">Augurs of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Phoenix" title="Operation Phantom Phoenix">Phantom Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War#2010:_US_drawdown_and_Operation_New_Dawn" title="Iraq War">New Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Invasion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invasion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Qasr" title="Battle of Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Faw_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Faw (2003)">Al Faw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2003)" title="Battle of Basra (2003)">Basra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_Karbala" title="2003 attack on Karbala">Karbala I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha_Dam" title="Battle of Haditha Dam">Haditha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2003)" title="Battle of Najaf (2003)">Najaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samawah_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samawah (2003)">Samawah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2003)" title="Battle of Karbala (2003)">Karbala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Kut_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Kut (2003)">Al Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hillah_(2003)" title="Battle of Hillah (2003)">Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Karbala_Gap_(2003)" title="Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)">Karbala Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Baghdad I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majar_al-Kabir" title="Battle of Majar al-Kabir">Majar al-Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Offensive_(2003)" title="Ramadan Offensive (2003)">Ramadan Offensive</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2004 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Karbala_City_Hall" title="Defense of the Karbala City Hall">Karbala City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sadr_City" title="Siege of Sadr City">Siege of Sadr City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2004)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2004)">Ramadi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Good_Friday_ambush" title="2004 Good Friday ambush">Good Friday ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_International_Airport" title="Battle of Baghdad International Airport">Baghdad International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Husaybah_(2004)" title="Battle of Husaybah (2004)">Husaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danny_Boy" title="Battle of Danny Boy">Danny Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2004)" title="Battle of Najaf (2004)">Najaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_CIMIC_House" title="Battle of the CIMIC House">CIMIC House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2004)" title="Battle of Mosul (2004)">Mosul</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tharthar_raid" title="Lake Tharthar raid">Lake Tharthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Ghraib" title="Battle of Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hit_convoy_ambush" title="2005 Hit convoy ambush">Hit convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha" title="Battle of Haditha">Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2005)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2005)">Tal Afar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2006–2008)">Baghdad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2006)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2006)">Ramadi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diwaniya" title="Battle of Diwaniya">Diwaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Rumaythah" title="Battle of Al Rumaythah">Al Rumaythah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amarah" title="Battle of Amarah">Amarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turki" title="Battle of Turki">Turki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_Street" title="Battle of Haifa Street">Haifa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid" title="Karbala provincial headquarters raid">Karbala provincial HQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2007)" title="Battle of Najaf (2007)">Najaf III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shurta_Nasir" title="Operation Shurta Nasir">Shurta Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2007)" title="Battle of Basra (2007)">Basra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baqubah" title="Battle of Baqubah">Baqubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Route_Bismarck" title="Battle of Route Bismarck">Route Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donkey_Island" title="Battle of Donkey Island">Donkey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2007)" title="Battle of Karbala (2007)">Karbala III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2008 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraqi_Day_of_Ashura_fighting" title="2008 Iraqi Day of Ashura fighting">Iraqi Day of Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nineveh_campaign" title="2008 Nineveh campaign">Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2008)" title="Battle of Basra (2008)">Basra III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_al-Qaeda_offensive_in_Iraq" title="2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq">Al-Qaeda offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Palm_Grove" title="Battle of the Palm Grove">Palm Grove</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_operations_in_northern_Iraq" title="List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq">Turkish incursions into northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2007_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2008</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Abu_Kamal_raid" title="2008 Abu Kamal raid">Abu Kamal raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">War crimes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Occupation_forces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killings and<br />massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq#War_crimes_and_allegations" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">During the 2003 invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2003_journalist_killings_by_the_United_States" title="April 2003 journalist killings by the United States">U.S. killings of journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_killings_of_April_2003" title="Fallujah killings of April 2003">Fallujah killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nadhem_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Nadhem Abdullah">Killing of Nadhem Abdullah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Muhamad_Husain_Kadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir">Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukaradeeb_wedding_party_massacre" title="Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre">Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Street_helicopter_incident" title="Haifa Street helicopter incident">Haifa Street helicopter incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Tal_Afar_shootings" title="January 2005 Tal Afar shootings">Tal Afar shootings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_prison_incident" title="Basra prison incident">Basra prison incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haditha_massacre" title="Haditha massacre">Haditha massacre</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudiyah_rape_and_killings" title="Mahmudiyah rape and killings">Mahmudiyah rape and killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaqi_massacre" title="Ishaqi massacre">Ishaqi massacre</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hatley#2006_Deployment_and_murder_allegations" title="John E. Hatley">Baghdad detainee killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdania_incident" title="Hamdania incident">Hamdania incident</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Moonen#Shooting_incident" title="Andrew J. Moonen">Iraqi bodyguard killing</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle Murders</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12,_2007,_Baghdad_airstrike" title="July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike">Baghdad airstrike</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre" title="Nisour Square massacre">Nisour Square massacre</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_documents_leak" title="Iraq War documents leak">Iraq War Logs</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical<br />weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions#Use_by_US_forces_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus munitions">Use of white phosphorus by the United States</a> (2004–05)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torture<br />and abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib prison</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Bucca" title="Camp Bucca">Camp Bucca</a> (2003–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Nama" title="Camp Nama">Camp Nama</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_Air_Base#Structure" title="Balad Air Base">Balad Air Base</a> (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nagem_Hatab" title="Death of Nagem Hatab">Death of Nagem Hatab</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Baha_Mousa" title="Killing of Baha Mousa">Killing of Baha Mousa</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abed_Hamed_Mowhoush" title="Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush">Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manadel_al-Jamadi" title="Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi">Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Fashad_Mohamed" title="Death of Fashad Mohamed">Death of Fashad Mohamed</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">§ <a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Other killings<br />and bombings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_bombing_of_Jordanian_embassy_in_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 bombing of Jordanian embassy in Baghdad">Jordanian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing" title="Canal Hotel bombing">Canal Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_mosque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali mosque bombing">Imam Ali mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_October_2003_Baghdad_bombings" title="27 October 2003 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad October 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Erbil_bombings" title="2004 Erbil bombings">Erbil 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ashura_massacre" title="2004 Ashura massacre">Ashura massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_April_2004_Basra_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="21 April 2004 Basra bombings">Basra 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Mosul_bombings" title="2004 Mosul bombings">Mosul 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_attacks_on_churches_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 attacks on churches in Iraq">2004 church bombings</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">14 September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">30 September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Karbala_and_Najaf_bombings" title="2004 Karbala and Najaf bombings">Karbala and Najaf bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Baqubah_bombing" title="2004 Baqubah bombing">Baqubah 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Kufa_mosque_bombing" title="2004 Kufa mosque bombing">Kufa mosque bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2005 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Erbil_bombing" title="2005 Erbil bombing">Erbil 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Musayyib_bombing" title="2005 Musayyib bombing">Musayyib bombing</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2005 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Balad_bombings" title="2005 Balad bombings">Balad 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Khanaqin_bombings" title="2005 Khanaqin bombings">Khanaqin bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_January_2006_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="5 January 2006 Iraq bombings">Karbala and Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buratha_mosque_bombing" title="Buratha mosque bombing">Buratha mosque bombing</a></li> <li>Sadr City bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2006_Sadr_City_bombing" title="1 July 2006 Sadr City bombing">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_November_2006_Sadr_City_bombings" title="23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayy_Al-Jihad_massacre" title="Hayy Al-Jihad massacre">Hayy Al-Jihad massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustansiriya_University_bombings" title="Mustansiriya University bombings">Mustansiriya University</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_January_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="22 January 2007 Baghdad bombings">22 January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_February_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="3 February 2007 Baghdad market bombing">3 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">12 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_March_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="29 March 2007 Baghdad bombings">29 March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_April_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_July_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" title="26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing">26 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_August_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings">1 August</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Hillah_bombings" title="2007 Al Hillah bombings">Al Hillah 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Tal_Afar_bombings_and_massacre" title="2007 Tal Afar bombings and massacre">Tal Afar 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraqi_Parliament_bombing" title="2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing">Iraqi Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Karbala_mosque_bombings" title="2007 Karbala mosque bombings">2007 Karbala mosque bombings</a></li> <li>Massacres of Yazidis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2007_Yazidi_massacre" title="April 2007 Yazidi massacre">April massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahtaniyah_bombings" title="Qahtaniyah bombings">Qahtaniyah bombings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Makhmour_bombing" title="2007 Makhmour bombing">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayda_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sayda bombing">Abu Sayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Khilani_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Khilani mosque bombing">Al-Khilani mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Amirli_bombing" title="2007 Amirli bombing">Amirli bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kirkuk_bombings" title="2007 Kirkuk bombings">Kirkuk 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Amarah_bombings" title="2007 Al Amarah bombings">Al Amarah bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2008_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 February 2008 Baghdad bombings">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="6 March 2008 Baghdad bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_June_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="17 June 2008 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_bombing" title="2008 Balad bombing">Balad 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karbala_bombing" title="2008 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karmah_bombing" title="2008 Karmah bombing">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Dujail_bombing" title="2008 Dujail bombing">Dujail bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_Ruz_bombing" title="2008 Balad Ruz bombing">Balad Ruz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_Mosul" title="2008 attacks on Christians in Mosul">Attacks on Christians in Mosul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_police_recruitment_centre_bombing" title="2009 Baghdad police recruitment centre bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="2009 Baghdad bombings">6 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2009_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2009 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="August 2009 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2009 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="December 2009 Baghdad bombings">December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2009_Baghdad%E2%80%93Miqdadiyah_suicide_attacks" title="April 2009 Baghdad–Miqdadiyah suicide attacks">Baghdad–Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Taza_bombing" title="2009 Taza bombing">Taza bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kirkuk_bombing" title="2009 Kirkuk bombing">Kirkuk 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Tal_Afar_bombing" title="2009 Tal Afar bombing">Tal Afar 2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_May_2010_Iraq_attacks" title="10 May 2010 Iraq attacks">10 May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_August_2010_Iraq_bombings" title="25 August 2010 Iraq bombings">25 August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_January_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="25 January 2010 Baghdad bombings">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2010_Baghdad_bombing" title="1 February 2010 Baghdad bombing">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="April 2010 Baghdad bombings">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_September_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="19 September 2010 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_November_2010_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 November 2010 Baghdad bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baqubah_bombings" title="2010 Baqubah bombings">Baqubah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baghdad_church_massacre" title="2010 Baghdad church massacre">Baghdad church massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2011_Iraq_suicide_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2011 Iraq suicide attacks">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_2011_Iraq_attacks" title="15 August 2011 Iraq attacks">August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27_January_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="27 January 2011 Baghdad bombing">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_August_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="28 August 2011 Baghdad bombing">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2011_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2011 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_January_2011_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="24 January 2011 Iraq bombings">Arba'een bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Tikrit_assault" title="2011 Tikrit assault">Tikrit assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2011 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Samarra_bombing" title="2011 Samarra bombing">Samarra bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Diwaniyah_bombing" title="2011 Al Diwaniyah bombing">Al Diwaniyah bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Taji_bombings" title="2011 Taji bombings">Taji bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Karbala_bombing" title="2011 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Basra_bombings" title="2011 Basra bombings">Basra 2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_raid_on_Camp_Ashraf" title="2011 raid on Camp Ashraf">Raid on Camp Ashraf (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_looting_in_Iraq" title="Archaeological looting in Iraq">Archaeological looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_bombings_in_Iraq" title="Chlorine bombings in Iraq">Chlorine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Brigade_(Iraq)#Human_rights_abuses" title="Wolf Brigade (Iraq)">Torture by the Wolf Brigade</a> (2004–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States and the International Criminal Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">Hague Invasion Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Prosecution for the 2003 invasion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abtan_v._Blackwater" title="Abtan v. Blackwater">Abtan v. Blackwater</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdan v. Rumsfeld">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saleh_v._Bush" title="Saleh v. Bush">Saleh v. Bush</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguba_Report" title="Taguba Report">Taguba Report</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>§</b> All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Casualties of the Iraq War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Family_Health_Survey" title="Iraq Family Health Survey">Iraq Family Health Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties">Lancet surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORB_survey_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="ORB survey of Iraq War casualties">ORB survey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damage_to_Baghdad_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Damage to Baghdad during the Iraq War">Damage to Baghdad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al-Aimmah_Bridge_disaster" title="2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster">Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_crises_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Humanitarian crises of the Iraq War">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraq_cholera_outbreak" title="2007 Iraq cholera outbreak">2007 cholera outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_cost_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Financial cost of the Iraq War">Financial cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq#Iraq_War" title="Christianity in Iraq">Iraqi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans#Modern_Iraq_and_Iran" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_academics_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Violence against academics in post-invasion Iraq">Violence against Iraqi academics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br />controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMD_conjecture_in_the_aftermath_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="WMD conjecture in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Post-invasion WMD conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_leak" title="Iraq leak">Iraq scandal in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Chicks_comments_on_George_W._Bush" title="Dixie Chicks comments on George W. Bush">Dixie Chicks comments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plame_affair" title="Plame affair">Plame affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_event" title="Hood event">Hood event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kelly_(weapons_expert)" title="David Kelly (weapons expert)">Death of David Kelly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutton_Inquiry" title="Hutton Inquiry">Hutton Inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Angelo_dela_Cruz" title="Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz">Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_document_leak" title="2004 Iraq document leak">2004 document leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_bombing_memo" title="Al Jazeera bombing memo">Al Jazeera bombing memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Thomas_Beauchamp_controversy" title="Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy">Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">MoveOn.org ad controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_in_Fallujah" title="Six Days in Fallujah">Six Days in Fallujah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Role of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">War resisters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Investigations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Report_on_Iraqi_WMD_Intelligence" title="Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence">Senate Report on WMD Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group" title="Iraq Survey Group">Duelfer Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry" title="Iraq Inquiry">Chilcot Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-war" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="International reactions to the prelude to the Iraq War">Pre-war international reactions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2003_Saddam_Hussein_interview" title="February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview">Saddam Hussein interview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Views on the invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">U.S. public opinion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Criticism of the Iraq War">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_War" title="United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Anti-war_series" title="Oprah's Anti-war series">Oprah's Anti-war series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_map_pendant" title="Iraqi map pendant">Iraqi map pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Soldier:_Iraq_%26_Afghanistan" title="Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan">Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Op_(photomontage)" title="Photo Op (photomontage)"><i>Photo Op</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Responsible_Plan_to_End_the_War_in_Iraq" title="A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq">A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoe-throwing_incident" title="George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident">Bush shoe-throwing incident</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_2002_anti-war_protest" title="Halloween 2002 anti-war protest">Halloween 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">February 15, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_March_2003_anti-war_protest" title="20 March 2003 anti-war protest">March 20, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_Them_Home_Now_Tour" title="Bring Them Home Now Tour">Bring Them Home Now Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20,_2005_counter-inaugural_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 20, 2005 counter-inaugural protest">January 20, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24,_2005_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="September 24, 2005 anti-war protest">September 24, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 27, 2007 anti-war protest">January 27, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 17, 2007 anti-war protest">March 17, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Port_of_Tacoma_protests" title="2007 Port of Tacoma protests">2007 Port of Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15,_2007,_anti-war_protest" title="September 15, 2007, anti-war protest">September 15, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19,_2008_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 19, 2008 anti-war protest">March 19, 2008</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath in Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State#Jamāʻat_al-Tawḥīd_wa-al-Jihād_(1999–2004)" title="History of the Islamic State">The rise of ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq</a> (2013–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against ISIL</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">U.S.-led intervention in Iraq</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Outposts_of_tyranny" title="Outposts of tyranny">Outposts of tyranny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saeed_al-Sahhaf" title="Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf">"Baghdad Bob"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">"Chemical Ali"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_(Iraq_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition of the willing (Iraq war)">Coalition of the willing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_checking" title="Dead checking">Dead checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalism" title="Embedded journalism">Embedded journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">Freedom fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedman_Unit" title="Friedman Unit">Friedman Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBU-43/B_MOAB" title="GBU-43/B MOAB">"Mother of All Bombs"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">"Mrs. Anthrax"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_and_New_Europe" title="Old Europe and New Europe">Old Europe and New Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">Regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Shock and awe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries#"Sixteen_Words"_controversy_in_2003_State_of_the_Union" title="Niger uranium forgeries">"Sixteen Words"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson#Lines_attributed_to_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">"Smoking gun / mushroom cloud"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Ice_Cream" title="Star Spangled Ice Cream">Star Spangled Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_reset" title="Strategic reset">Strategic reset</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns" title="There are unknown unknowns">"There are unknown unknowns"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_of_Death_(Iraq)" title="Triangle of Death (Iraq)">Triangle of Death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">"Yo, Blair"</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Critical" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_arrogance" title="Global arrogance">Global arrogance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism" title="Inverted totalitarianism">Inverted totalitarianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_wrong_war,_at_the_wrong_place,_at_the_wrong_time#Iraq_War_usage" title="The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time">"The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Iraqi_Freedom_Memorial" title="Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial">Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaheed_Monument" title="Al-Shaheed Monument">Al-Shaheed Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwood_Gratitude_and_Honor_Memorial" title="Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial">Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Memorial_Garden" title="Old North Memorial Garden">Old North Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Iraqi_Culture" title="Saving Iraqi Culture">Saving Iraqi Culture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of assassinations of the Iraq War">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War">Aviation shootdowns and accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">Coalition military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraq_War_documentaries" title="List of Iraq War documentaries">Documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraqi_security_forces_fatality_reports_in_Iraq" title="List of Iraqi security forces fatality reports in Iraq">Iraqi security forces fatality reports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_contractor_deaths_in_Iraq" title="List of private contractor deaths in Iraq">Private contractor deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Iraq" title="2003 in Iraq">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Iraq" title="2004 in Iraq">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Iraq" title="2005 in Iraq">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Iraq" title="2006 in Iraq">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Iraq" title="2007 in Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Efforts to impeach George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">"Enhanced interrogation techniques"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Torture in the United States">Torture in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zone" title="Green Zone">Green Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident" title="Gulf of Tonkin incident">Gulf of Tonkin incident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling#Petrodollar_warfare" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar warfare theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs" title="The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs">The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilateralism" title="Unilateralism">Unilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_archives" title="Ba'ath Party archives">Ba'ath Party archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Outline of the Iraq War">Outline</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iraq_War" title="Category:Iraq War">Category</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Iraq_War" class="extiw" title="n:Iraq War">Wikinews</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iraq_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iraq War">Multimedia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation<br /><i>Enduring Freedom</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)"><i>Situation Room</i> photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Terrorism_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terrorism_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Asia">Terrorism in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Terrorism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_India" title="Terrorism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Indonesia" title="Terrorism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Japan (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Terrorism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kuwait" title="Terrorism in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Terrorism in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Lebanon" title="Terrorism in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Malaysia" title="Terrorism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Myanmar" title="Terrorism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_Philippines" title="Terrorism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Syria" title="Terrorism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Tajikistan" title="Terrorism in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Thailand" title="Terrorism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Terrorism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Terrorism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Yemen" title="Terrorism in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Terrorism in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template talk:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Armed groups</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi government">Iraqi government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Navy" title="Iraqi Navy">Iraqi Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraqi Police</a> <ul><li>Iraqi Police Service</li> <li>National Police</li> <li>Supporting Forces</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilities_Protection_Service" title="Facilities Protection Service">Facilities Protection Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'athists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li>General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li>New Return</li> <li>Patriotic Front</li> <li>Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party</li> <li>Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Army" title="Free Iraqi Army">Free Iraqi Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">Militias</a> and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Companies">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s Mahdi Army faction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Forces" title="Free Iraqi Forces">Free Iraqi Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Groups_(Iraq)" title="Special Groups (Iraq)">Special Groups (Iraq)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_Ansar_al-Aqeeda" title="Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda">Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Jund_al-Imam" title="Kata'ib Jund al-Imam">Kata'ib Jund al-Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_al-Jihad" title="Saraya al-Jihad">Saraya al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces" title="Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces">Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ansar_Allah_al-Awfiya" title="Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya">Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabak_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabak Militia">Quwwat Sahl Ninawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Army" title="Mukhtar Army">Mukhtar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Ali_al-Akbar" title="Liwa Ali al-Akbar">Liwa Ali al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Resistance_in_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Resistance in Iraq (2020–present)">Islamic Resistance in Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_Mobilization" title="Tribal Mobilization">Tribal Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Awakening groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ahrar_al-Iraq" title="Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq">Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmens" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Turkmens">Turkmen</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_Front" title="Iraqi Turkmen Front">Iraqi Turkmen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">16Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">52nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">92nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Brigade of Imam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Bashir Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian/Syriac</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nineveh_Plains" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Forces" title="Nineveh Plain Forces">Nineveh Plain Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh_Protection_Committee" title="Qaraqosh Protection Committee">Qaraqosh Protection Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwekh_Nawsha" title="Dwekh Nawsha">Dwekh Nawsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataib_Rouh_Allah_Issa_Ibn_Miriam" title="Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam">Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_Movement" title="Babylon Movement">Babylon Brigade</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidi</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force" title="Êzîdxan Protection Force">Êzîdxan Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Alliance" title="Sinjar Alliance">Sinjar Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)">Insurgents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li> <li>Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq</li> <li>Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Mohammad's Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salafist_jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist jihadism">Salafi Jihadists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustafa_Army_in_Iraq" title="Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq">Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Basri_Brigades" title="Hassan Al-Basri Brigades">Hassan Al-Basri Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Jaysh_Ahl_al-Sunnah_wa-l-Jamaah" title="Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah">Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Islam_Brigade" title="Shield of Islam Brigade">Shield of Islam Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Flags" title="White Flags">White Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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{\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","25.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","14.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","140","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","4.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","4.7"],["tostring","40","2.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.3"],["(for generator)","40","2.3"],["[others]","360","20.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mhn25","timestamp":"20241122142008","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Iraqi insurgency (2003\u20132011)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q926905","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q926905","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-13T01:57:57Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T01:52:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/Iraqi_insurgents_with_guns%2C_2006.jpg","headline":"ongoing warfare in mainly central Iraq, which began after the 2003 invasion of Iraq"}</script> </body> </html>