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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_and_duration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_and_duration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Date and duration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Date_and_duration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Date and duration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Date_and_duration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Roman Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism_and_Western_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism_and_Western_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Protestantism and Western Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism_and_Western_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Byzantine_Rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Byzantine_Rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Eastern Orthodoxy and Byzantine Rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Byzantine_Rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Oriental Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethiopian_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Ethiopian Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quartodecimanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quartodecimanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Quartodecimanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quartodecimanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Associated customs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Associated_customs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Associated customs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Associated_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Lenten_observances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Lenten_observances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pre-Lenten observances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Lenten_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fasting_and_Lenten_sacrifice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fasting_and_Lenten_sacrifice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fasting and Lenten sacrifice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fasting_and_Lenten_sacrifice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lenten_Black_Fast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lenten_Black_Fast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Lenten Black Fast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lenten_Black_Fast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daniel_Fast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daniel_Fast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Daniel Fast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daniel_Fast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lenten_supper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lenten_supper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Lenten supper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lenten_supper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abstinence_from_meat_and_animal_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abstinence_from_meat_and_animal_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Abstinence from meat and animal products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abstinence_from_meat_and_animal_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_abstinence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_abstinence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Sexual abstinence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_abstinence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_fasting_traditions_by_Christian_denomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_fasting_traditions_by_Christian_denomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Specific fasting traditions by Christian denomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_fasting_traditions_by_Christian_denomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.1</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.2</span> <span>Lutheranism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moravianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moravianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.3</span> <span>Moravianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moravianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.4</span> <span>Reformed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.5</span> <span>Anglicanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.6</span> <span>Methodism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_related_fasting_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_related_fasting_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>Other related fasting periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_related_fasting_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almsgiving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almsgiving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Almsgiving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almsgiving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prayer_and_devotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prayer_and_devotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Prayer and devotion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prayer_and_devotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Omission_of_Gloria_and_Alleluia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omission_of_Gloria_and_Alleluia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Omission of Gloria and Alleluia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omission_of_Gloria_and_Alleluia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veiling_of_religious_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veiling_of_religious_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Veiling of religious images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veiling_of_religious_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vestments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vestments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Vestments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vestments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_days_within_the_season_of_Lent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_days_within_the_season_of_Lent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Holy days within the season of Lent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holy_days_within_the_season_of_Lent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holy days within the season of Lent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holy_days_within_the_season_of_Lent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Easter_Triduum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easter_Triduum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Easter Triduum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easter_Triduum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media coverage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lent</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastyd" title="Vastyd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vastyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastenzeit" title="Fastenzeit – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fastenzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lencten_(t%C4%ABd)" title="Lencten (tīd) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lencten (tīd)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="الصوم الكبير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصوم الكبير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaresma" title="Cuaresma – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuaresma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%A2" title="ܨܘܡܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܝܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܘܡܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܝܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaresma" title="Cuaresma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuaresma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaresma" title="Kwaresma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kwaresma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korizma" title="Korizma – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Korizma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koraiz" title="Koraiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koraiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresma" title="Quaresma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quaresma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postn%C3%AD_doba" title="Postní doba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Postní doba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Grawys" title="Y Grawys – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Grawys" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasten" title="Fasten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fasten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faschtzeit" title="Faschtzeit – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Faschtzeit" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastenzeit" title="Fastenzeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fastenzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaresma" title="Cuaresma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuaresma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesmo" title="Karesmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karesmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garizuma" title="Garizuma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Garizuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87" title="چله روزه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چله روزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%AAme" title="Carême – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carême" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carghas" title="Carghas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carghas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Carghas" title="An Carghas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Carghas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coresma" title="Coresma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coresma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%88%9C%EC%A0%88" title="사순절 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사순절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korizma" title="Korizma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korizma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesmo" title="Karesmo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karesmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prapaskah" title="Prapaskah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prapaskah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresima" title="Quaresima – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Quaresima" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carema" title="Carema – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carema" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langafasta" title="Langafasta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Langafasta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresima" title="Quaresima – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quaresima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התענית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התענית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra-Paskah" title="Pra-Paskah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pra-Paskah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C3%B4ld%C5%BCi_P%C3%B2st" title="Wiôldżi Pòst – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wiôldżi Pòst" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaresima" title="Kwaresima – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kwaresima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadragesima" title="Quadragesima – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quadragesima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielais_gav%C4%93nis" title="Lielais gavēnis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielais gavēnis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faaschtenz%C3%A4it" title="Faaschtenzäit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Faaschtenzäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gav%C4%97nia" title="Gavėnia – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gavėnia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quar%C3%A9sma" title="Quarésma – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Quarésma" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagyb%C3%B6jt" title="Nagyböjt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagyböjt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karemy" title="Karemy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karemy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="തപസ്സ് കാലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തപസ്സ് കാലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="लेन्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लेन्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="الصوم الكبير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الصوم الكبير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra-Paskah" title="Pra-Paskah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pra-Paskah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastentijd" title="Vastentijd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vastentijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80" title="四旬節 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四旬節" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastetiden" title="Fastetiden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fastetiden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastetida" title="Fastetida – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fastetida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%B9%C3%A9ra%C3%AAme" title="Qùéraême – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Qùéraême" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresma" title="Quaresma – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quaresma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaresma" title="Cuaresma – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cuaresma" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%83" title="រដូវសែសិបថ្ងៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រដូវសែសិបថ្ងៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%A8me" title="Carème – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Carème" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_post" title="Wielki post – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki post" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresma" title="Quaresma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quaresma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postul_Mare" title="Postul Mare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Postul Mare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Великий пост в римско-католической традиции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великий пост в римско-католической традиции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caresima" title="Caresima – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caresima" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreshma" title="Kreshma – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kreshma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent" title="Lent – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lent" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4stne_obdobie" title="Pôstne obdobie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pôstne obdobie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postni_%C4%8Das" title="Postni čas – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Postni čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Коризма – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коризма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korizma" title="Korizma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korizma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuri_paasto" title="Suuri paasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suuri paasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5skfastan" title="Påskfastan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Påskfastan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kuwaresma" title="Panahon ng Kuwaresma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahon ng Kuwaresma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தவக் காலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தவக் காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="เทศกาลมหาพรต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทศกาลมหาพรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian observance before Easter</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general Christian period of repentance prior to Easter. For Lent in Eastern Christianity, see <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lent_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lent (disambiguation)">Lent (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: lavender"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Lent</li><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Quadragesima</i></span></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Altar_Dom_Greifswald.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Altar_Dom_Greifswald.JPG/250px-Altar_Dom_Greifswald.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Altar_Dom_Greifswald.JPG/500px-Altar_Dom_Greifswald.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">High altar, barren, with few adornments, as is custom during Lent</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Omission of <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></li> <li>Veiling of religious images</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Praying</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Almsgiving#Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Almsgiving">Alms giving</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abstinence" title="Abstinence">Abstinence</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Begins</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> (Western)</li><li>On <a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> (Eastern)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ends</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholic</a>)</li><li>On <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> (Lutheran, Moravian, Anglican, and Western Orthodox)</li><li>On the Friday before <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> (Eastern)</li><li>On <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Date_and_duration">Variable</a> (follows the <a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">paschal computus</a>, and depends on denomination)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>14 February – 28 March or 30 March (Western)</li><li>18 March – 26 April (Eastern)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2025 date</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>5 March – 17 April or 19 April (Western)</li><li>3 March – 11 April (Eastern)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2026 date</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>18 February – 2 April or 4 April (Western)</li><li>23 February – 3 April (Eastern)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2027 date</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>10 February – 25 March or 27 March (Western)</li><li>15 March – 23 April (Eastern)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual (<a href="/wiki/Paschal_full_moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal full moon">lunar calendar</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">Exodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Christ</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:lavender; font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical seasons</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Pre-Christmas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> (<i>Western</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a> (<i>Byzantine</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_of_Annunciation" title="Season of Annunciation">Annunciation</a> (<i>Syriac</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a> (<i>Western</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a> (<i>Western</i>) / <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a> (<i>Eastern</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a> (<i>Western</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a> (<i>Western</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_of_Summer_(liturgy)" title="Season of Summer (liturgy)">Summer</a> (<i>East Syriac</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a> (<i>Eastern</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition Fast">Dormition Fast</a> (<i>Eastern</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elijah%E2%80%93Cross%E2%80%93Moses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elijah–Cross–Moses (page does not exist)">Elijah–Cross–Moses</a> (<i>East Syriac</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Season_of_the_Dedication_of_the_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Season of the Dedication of the Church (page does not exist)">Dedication of the Church</a> (<i>Syriac</i>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_year" title="Template:Liturgical year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liturgical_year" title="Template talk:Liturgical year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical_year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lent</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Quadragesima</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Fortieth') is the solemn <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> religious <a href="/wiki/Moveable_feast#Lent" title="Moveable feast">observance</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a> in preparation for <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. It echoes the 40 days <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> spent fasting in the desert and enduring <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">temptation by Satan</a>, according to the Gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>, before beginning his <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">public ministry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UMC_-_Lent_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMC_-_Lent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Anglican_Catholic_Church_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Anglican_Catholic_Church-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lent is usually observed in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox</a> Christian traditions, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Moravian2021_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moravian2021-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Denominations_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denominations_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas2024_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas2024-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> (including certain <a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Continental Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalist</a> churches), and <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">nondenominational Christian</a> churches also observe Lent, although many churches in these traditions do not.<sup id="cite_ref-Methodist2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Methodist2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mennonite_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mennonite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Which days are enumerated as being part of Lent differs between denominations (see <a href="#Date_and_duration">below</a>), although in all of them Lent is described as lasting for a total duration of 40 days, the number of days Jesus, as well as <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>, went without food in their respective fasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hynes1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Lent-observing <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christian</a> denominations, Lent begins on <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> and ends approximately six weeks later; depending on the <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a> and local custom, Lent concludes either on the evening of <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> (Holy Thursday),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at sundown on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> is celebrated,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_96_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford_96-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though in either case, Lenten fasting observances are maintained until the evening of Holy Saturday.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sundays may or may not be excluded, depending on the denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-WJW_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> – including <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lutheranism" title="Eastern Lutheranism">Eastern Lutherans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a> is observed continuously without interruption for 40 days starting on <a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> and ending on <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> before <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lent is a period of repentance that necessarily ends with a great celebration of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. Thus, it is known in Eastern Orthodox circles as the season of "bright sadness" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">χαρμολύπη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">charmolypê</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of Lent is the preparation of the believer for Easter through <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_fasting#Christianity" title="Religious fasting">fasting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alms#Christianity" title="Alms">almsgiving</a> (the three pillars of Lent),<sup id="cite_ref-Cumming2025_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumming2025-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Mortification_of_the_flesh" title="Mortification of the flesh">mortifying the flesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Christianity" title="Repentance in Christianity">repentance</a> of sins, <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">simple living</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">self-denial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jumper2020_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jumper2020-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Lent, many Christians commit to fasting, as well as giving up certain luxuries in <a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ" title="Imitation of Christ">imitation of Christ</a>'s sacrifice during his <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus#Baptism_and_temptation" title="Life of Jesus">journey into the desert</a> for 40 days;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is known as one's <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 6th century, Lent was normatively observed through the practice of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Fast" title="Black Fast">Black Fast</a>, which enjoins fasting from food and liquids, with the allowance of one <a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> meal after sunset.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kiernan_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiernan-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cléir2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cléir2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This form of fasting continues in certain denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samaan2024-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Lent-observing Christians also add a Lenten spiritual discipline, such as reading a <a href="/wiki/Daily_devotional" title="Daily devotional">daily devotional</a> or praying through a <a href="/wiki/Lenten_calendar" title="Lenten calendar">Lenten calendar</a>, to draw themselves near to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crumm_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crumm-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmbroseCraig-Wild2007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmbroseCraig-Wild2007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often observed (especially on Fridays) are the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">devotional</a> commemoration of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Carrying_the_Cross" title="Christ Carrying the Cross">Christ's carrying the Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a>. Many churches remove flowers from their altars and veil <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifixes</a>, religious statues that show the triumphant Christ, and other elaborate religious symbols in violet fabrics in solemn observance of the event. The <a href="/wiki/Lenten_shrouds" title="Lenten shrouds">custom of veiling</a> is typically practiced the last two weeks, beginning on the fifth Sunday of Lent (known as <i>Judica</i> Sunday or <a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a>) until <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, when the cross is unveiled solemnly in the liturgy. </p><p>In most Lent-observing denominations, the last week of Lent is known as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, which begins with <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>. Following the New Testament narrative, Jesus' crucifixion is commemorated on Good Friday, and at the beginning of the next week the joyful celebration of Easter, the start of the <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter season</a>, which recalls the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a>. In some Christian denominations, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday form the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Easter Triduum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada,_Nicaragua.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/330px-Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/500px-Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/960px-Holy_Week_procession_in_Granada%2C_Nicaragua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Lent observers, including a <a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_penitents" title="Confraternity of penitents">confraternity of penitents</a>, carrying out a street procession during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Granada,_Nicaragua" title="Granada, Nicaragua">Granada, Nicaragua</a>. The violet color is often associated with penance and <a href="/wiki/Detachment_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment (philosophy)">detachment</a>. Similar Christian penitential practice is seen in other <a href="/wiki/Christian_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian countries">Christian countries</a>, sometimes associated with fasting.<sup id="cite_ref-Knowlton2004_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowlton2004-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The English word <i>Lent</i> is a shortened form of the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">lencten</i></span>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring season</a>", as its <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> cognate <i lang="nl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lente#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:lente">lente</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a> <span title="Old Dutch-language text"><i lang="odt">lentin</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still does today. A dated term in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lenz</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">lenzo</i></span>), is also related. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, 'the shorter form (? Old Germanic type *<i>laŋgito</i>- , *<i>laŋgiton</i>-) seems to be a derivative of *<i>laŋgo</i>- long […] and may possibly have reference to the lengthening of the days as characterizing the season of spring'. The origin of the -<i>en</i> element is less clear: it may simply be a <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>, or <i>lencten</i> may originally have been a compound of *<i>laŋgo</i>- 'long' and an otherwise little-attested word *-<i>tino</i>, meaning "day".<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In languages spoken where Christianity was earlier established, such as <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, the term signifies the period dating from the 40th weekday before Easter. In modern Greek the term is <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Σαρακοστή</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Sarakostí</i></span>), derived from the earlier <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Τεσσαρακοστή</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Tessarakostí</i></span>), meaning "fortieth". The corresponding word in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quadragesima</i></span> ("fortieth"), is the origin of the terms used in Latin-derived languages and in some others. </p><p>Examples in the <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a> group are: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">quaresma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">carême</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">coresma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">quaresima</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">quaresma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">quaresma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">păresimi</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a> <span title="Sardinian-language text"><i lang="sc">caresima</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cuaresma</i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a> <span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">cwareme</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples in non-Latin-based languages are: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> <span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">kreshma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">garizuma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">korizma</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">carghas</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> <span title="Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="sw">kwaresima</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">kuwaresma</i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">c(a)rawys</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The non-Latin-based ones are uncited (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In other languages, the name used refers to the activity associated with the season. Thus it is called "fasting period" in <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> (<span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">postní doba</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fastenzeit</i></span>), and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">fasten</i></span>/<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">fastetid</i></span>), and it is called "The Great Fast" in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الصوم الكبير</span></span> – <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-ṣawm al-kabīr</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> (<span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܨܘܡܐ ܪܒܐ</span></span> <span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">ṣawmā rabbā</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">wielki post</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">великий пост</span></span> – <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">vieliki post</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">великий піст</span></span> – <span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">velyky pist</i></span>), and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> (<span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">nagyböjt</i></span>). <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, apart from a version based on the Latin term referring to the 40 days (see above), also has a "great fast" version: <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">postul mare</i></span>. <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> has three options, one of which means <i>fasting period</i>, and the other two referring to the 40-day period indicated in the Latin term: <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">vastentijd</i></span>, <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">veertigdagentijd</i></span> and <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">quadragesima</i></span>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, it is called चरम चालीसा (<i>Charam Chalisa</i> - meaning, "climax forty"). In <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>, despite being a descendant of Arabic, the term <i>Randan</i> is used, which is distinctive when compared to the dialects of Arabic. Despite the centuries of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> influences, the term remains unchanged since the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Arab occupation of Malta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pattern of fasting and praying for 40 days is seen in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Bible">Christian Bible</a>, on which basis the liturgical season of Lent was established.<sup id="cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hynes1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conte2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conte2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, the prophet <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> went into the mountains for 40 days and 40 nights to pray and fast "without eating bread or drinking water" before receiving the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2034:28&version=nrsv">Exodus 34:28</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Conte2001_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conte2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the prophet <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> went into the mountains for 40 days and nights to fast and pray "until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God" when "the word of the Lord came to him" (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%2019:8–9&version=nrsv">1 Kings 19:8–9</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Conte2001_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conte2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early Christian bishop <a href="/wiki/Maximus_of_Turin" title="Maximus of Turin">Maximus of Turin</a> wrote that as Elijah by "fasting continuously for a period of forty days and forty nights...merited to extinguish the prolonged and severe dryness of the whole world, doing so with a stream of rain and steeping the earth's dryness with the bounty of water from heaven", in the Christian tradition, this is interpreted as being "a figure of ourselves so that we, also fasting a total of forty days, might merit the spiritual rain of baptism...[and] a shower from heaven might pour down upon the dry earth of the whole world, and the abundant waters of the saving bath might saturate the lengthy drought of the Gentiles."<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2017_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> went into the desert to fast and pray for 40 days and 40 nights; it was during this time that <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> tried to <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">tempt him</a> (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%204:1–3&version=nrsv">Matthew 4:1–3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Conte2001_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conte2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 40-day and night fasts of Moses, Elijah, and Jesus prepared them for their work.<sup id="cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hynes1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> records the tradition of fasting before Easter.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the meal of the day consumed after sunset (when the fast is broken), the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a> permit the consumption of "bread, vegetables, salt and water, in Lent" with "flesh and wine being forbidden."<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canons_of_Hippolytus" title="Canons of Hippolytus">Canons of Hippolytus</a> authorize only bread and salt to be consumed during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of fasting and abstaining from alcohol, meat and <a href="/wiki/Lacticinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacticinia">lacticinia</a> during Lent thus became established in the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In AD 339, <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a> wrote that the Lenten fast was a 40-day fast that "the entire world" observed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nampon1869_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nampon1869-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine of Hippo">Saint Augustine of Hippo</a> (AD 354–AD 430) wrote that: "Our fast at any other time is voluntary; but during Lent, we <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">sin</a> if we do not fast."<sup id="cite_ref-Keenan1899_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keenan1899-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church Father <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> (A.D. 347–407) stated that the early Christians did not consume meat for the whole duration of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three main prevailing theories exist on the finalization of Lent as a 40-day fast prior to the arrival of Easter Sunday: First, that it was created at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Council of Nicea</a> in 325 and there is no earlier incarnation. Second, that it is based on an <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Egypt" title="Christianity in Egypt">Egyptian Christian</a> post-<a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">theophany</a> fast. Third, a combination of origins <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretized</a> around the Council of Nicea.<sup id="cite_ref-Russo2013_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russo2013-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are early references to periods of fasting prior to <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>. For instance, the <i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i>, a 1st or 2nd-century Christian text, commends "the baptizer, the one to be baptized, and any others that are able" to fast to prepare for the sacrament.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For centuries it has been common practice for baptisms to take place on Easter, and so such references were formerly taken to be references to a pre-Easter fast. <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, in his 3rd-century work <i>On Baptism</i>, indicates that Easter was a "most solemn day for baptism." However, he is one of only a handful of writers in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">ante-Nicene period</a> who indicates this preference, and even he says that Easter was by no means the only favored day for baptisms in his locale.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 20th century, scholars have acknowledged that Easter was not the standard day for baptisms in the early church, and references to pre-baptismal periods of fasting were not necessarily connected with Easter. There were shorter periods of fasting observed in the pre-Nicene church (<a href="/wiki/Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a> noted that the 4th-century Alexandrian church observed a period of fasting before Pascha [Easter]).<sup id="cite_ref-Russo2013_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russo2013-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it is known that the 40-day period of fasting – the season later named Lent – before <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a> was clarified at the Nicene Council.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 363-64 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Laodicea" title="Council of Laodicea">Council of Laodicea</a> prescribed the Lenten fast as "of strict necessity".<sup id="cite_ref-Nampon1869_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nampon1869-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_and_duration">Date and duration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Date and duration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lent_calendar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lent_calendar.svg/400px-Lent_calendar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lent_calendar.svg/600px-Lent_calendar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lent_calendar.svg/800px-Lent_calendar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Some named days and day ranges around Lent and Easter in Western Christianity, with the fasting days of Lent numbered</figcaption></figure> <p>The 40 days of Lent are calculated differently among the various <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> that observe it, depending on how the <a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">date of Easter</a> is calculated, but also on which days Lent is understood to begin and end, and on whether all the days of Lent are counted consecutively. Additionally, the date of Lent may depend on the calendar used by the particular church, such as the (<a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">revised</a>) <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendars</a> typically used by Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches, or the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendars</a> traditionally used by some Oriental Orthodox churches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Catholic_Church">Roman Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1970, in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> Lent starts on Ash Wednesday and ends on the evening of <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a>. This comprises a period of 44 days. Historically, the fasting and abstinence were enjoined during the weekdays of Lent and with Sundays being days of abstinence;<sup id="cite_ref-WJW_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the obligations of the Lenten fast continue through Good Friday and Holy Saturday, totaling 40 days (with the <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic Fast">Eucharistic Fast</a> applying as well).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Lent formally ends on Holy Thursday, Lenten fasting practices continue until the Easter Vigil and additionally, the celebration of Easter is preceded by the Paschal fast.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vatican.va_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatican.va-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a>, Lent begins on the Sunday that follows what is celebrated as Ash Wednesday in the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholic Church</a>, and ends as in the Roman Rite, thus being of 40 days, counting the Sundays but not Holy Thursday. The day for beginning the Lenten fast in the Ambrosian Rite is the Monday after Ash Wednesday. The special Ash Wednesday fast is transferred to the first Friday of the Ambrosian Lent. Until this rite was revised by Saint <a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a>, the liturgy of the First Sunday of Lent was festive, celebrated in white <a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestments</a> with chanting of the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria in Excelsis">Gloria in Excelsis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alleluia_(chant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alleluia (chant)">Alleluia</a>, in line with the recommendation in Matthew 6:16, "When you fast, do not look gloomy."<sup id="cite_ref-Thouret_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thouret-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-en-lent-duration-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Initii_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Initii-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Lent, the Church discourages marriages, but couples may marry if they forgo the special blessings of the Nuptial Mass and limit social celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period of Lent observed in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> corresponds to that in other churches of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> that have similar traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestantism_and_Western_Orthodoxy">Protestantism and Western Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Protestantism and Western Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg/240px-High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg/360px-High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg/480px-High_Altar_of_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church_during_Lent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>In Western traditions, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical colour">liturgical colour</a> of the season of Lent is violet. Altar crosses and religious statuary which show Christ in his glory are traditionally veiled during this period in the Christian year.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Protestant and Western Orthodox Churches that celebrate it, the season of Lent lasts from <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> to the evening of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luther_League_of_America_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luther_League_of_America-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This calculation makes Lent last 46 days if the 6 Sundays are included, but only 40 days if they are excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This definition is still that of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Northwestern_Publishing_House_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Northwestern_Publishing_House-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kitch_130_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitch_130-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Methodist_Council" title="World Methodist Council">Methodist Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_96_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford_96-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Western-Rite_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Western-Rite Orthodox Churches">Western Rite Orthodox Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fenton_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenton-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="United Protestant Church">United Protestant Churches</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and those of the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Church">Reformed Churches</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Reformed">Continental Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a>) that observe Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In the Episcopal Church, the main U.S. branch of the Anglican Communion, the 1979 Book of Common Prayer identifies Holy Week--comprising Palm/Passion Sunday through Holy Saturday--as a separate season after Lent;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the Days of Special Devotion, to be observed by special acts of discipline and self-denial, include the weekdays of, but not the Sundays in, both Lent and Holy Week,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the practical effect is the same as the traditional 40-day calculation.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Byzantine_Rite">Eastern Orthodoxy and Byzantine Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy and Byzantine Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a> (Greek: Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή or Μεγάλη Νηστεία, meaning "Great 40 Days" and "Great Fast" respectively) is the most important fasting season in the church year.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 40 days of Great Lent include Sundays, and begin on <a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a>. The 40 days are immediately followed by what are considered distinct periods of fasting, <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>, which in turn are followed straightway by <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>. Great Lent is broken only after the Paschal (Easter) Divine Liturgy. </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox Church maintains the traditional Church's teaching on fasting. The rules for lenten fasting are the monastic rules. Fasting in the Orthodox Church is more than simply abstaining from certain foods. During the Great Lent Orthodox Faithful intensify their prayers and spiritual exercises, go to church services more often, study the Scriptures and the works of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> in depth, limit their entertainment and spendings and focus on charity and good works. </p><p>Some other churches that follow the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, including certain <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Lutheran">Eastern Lutheran</a> denominations have similar practices as those of Eastern Orthodoxy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lent" title="Special:EditPage/Lent">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Fasting in the Coptic Orthodox Church</a></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a>, there are various local traditions regarding Lent. Those using the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a>, <i>i.e.</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean Orthodox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean Catholic</a> Churches, observe eight continuous weeks of fasting constituting three distinct consecutive fasting periods: </p> <ol><li>a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lenten</a> fast in preparation for Great Lent</li> <li>Great Lent itself</li> <li>the Paschal fast during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> which immediately follows Lent</li></ol> <p>As in the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the <a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">date of Easter</a> is typically reckoned according to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, and usually occurs later than Easter according to <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> used by Catholic and Protestant Churches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopian_Orthodoxy">Ethiopian Orthodoxy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethiopian Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Fasting in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church</a></div> <p>In Ethiopian Orthodoxy, fasting (<i>tsome</i>) lasts for 55 continuous days before Easter (<i><a href="/wiki/Fasika" title="Fasika">Fasika</a></i>), although the fast is divided into three separate periods: Tsome Hirkal, the eight-day Fast of <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, commemorating the fast requested by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> before he reputedly set out to fight the <a href="/wiki/Sassanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian Empire">Sassanian Empire</a> and recover the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> which had been seized and taken from Jerusalem; Tsome Arba, 40 days of Lent; and Tsome Himamat, seven days commemorating <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw2017-03-22-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nenewe_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nenewe-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arega_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arega-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fasting involves abstention from animal products (meat, dairy, and eggs), and refraining from eating or drinking before 3:00 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw2017-03-22-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethiopian devotees may also abstain from sexual activity and the consumption of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw2017-03-22-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quartodecimanism">Quartodecimanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quartodecimanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Quartodeciman" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartodeciman">Quartodeciman</a> Christians end the fast of Lent on the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_full_moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal full moon">Paschal full moon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, in order to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Unleavened_Bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Unleavened Bread">Feast of Unleavened Bread</a> beginning on the 14th of <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a>, whence the name derives. For this practice, they were excommunicated in the <a href="/wiki/Easter_controversy" title="Easter controversy">Easter controversy</a> of the 2nd century A.D. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_customs">Associated customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Associated customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legionarios_en_la_procesi%C3%B3n_de_El_Encuentro_(Semana_Santa_en_Ceuta,_2012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Legionarios_en_la_procesi%C3%B3n_de_El_Encuentro_%28Semana_Santa_en_Ceuta%2C_2012%29.jpg/250px-Legionarios_en_la_procesi%C3%B3n_de_El_Encuentro_%28Semana_Santa_en_Ceuta%2C_2012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Legionarios_en_la_procesi%C3%B3n_de_El_Encuentro_%28Semana_Santa_en_Ceuta%2C_2012%29.jpg/500px-Legionarios_en_la_procesi%C3%B3n_de_El_Encuentro_%28Semana_Santa_en_Ceuta%2C_2012%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>In many <a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procession#Christian" title="Procession">religious processions</a> during the season of Lent are often accompanied by a military escort both for security and parade. <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>Three traditional practices to be taken up with renewed vigour during Lent; these are known as the three pillars of Lent:<sup id="cite_ref-DLC2021_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DLC2021-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a> toward God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> (justice toward self)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almsgiving#Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Almsgiving">almsgiving</a> (justice toward neighbours)</li></ol> <p>Self-reflection, simplicity, and sincerity (honesty) are emphasised during the Lenten season.<sup id="cite_ref-Jumper2020_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jumper2020-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Lenten_observances">Pre-Lenten observances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pre-Lenten observances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">pre-Lent</a>, it is customary for Christians to ponder what <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifices</a> they will make for Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-JKelvey2018_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKelvey2018-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pre-Lenten period concludes with the opportunity for a last round of merrymaking, known as <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a>, before the start of the sombre Lenten season. The traditions of carrying Shrovetide rods and consuming Shrovetide buns after attending church is celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beadle1994_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beadle1994-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the final day of the season, <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a>, many traditional Christians, such as <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> "make a special point of self-examination, of considering what wrongs they need to repent, and what amendments of life or areas of spiritual growth they especially need to ask God's help in dealing with."<sup id="cite_ref-Thaler2020_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thaler2020-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker2011_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker2011-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Shrovetide, many churches place a basket in the <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a> to collect the previous year's <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> palm branches that were blessed and distributed during the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> liturgies; on Shrove Tuesday, churches burn these <a href="/wiki/Palm_branch" title="Palm branch">palms</a> to make the ashes used during the services held on the very next day, Ash Wednesday.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In historically <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> nations, Shrovetide is known as <a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a>. After attending the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)#Lutheranism" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> on <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrove Sunday">Shrove Sunday</a>, congregants enjoy Shrovetide buns (fastelavnsboller), "round sweet buns that are covered with icing and filled with cream and/or jam."<sup id="cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children often dress up and collect money from people while singing.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also practice the tradition of hitting a barrel, which represents fighting Satan; after doing this, children enjoy the sweets inside the barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lutheran Christians in these nations carry Shrovetide rods (fastelavnsris), which "branches decorated with sweets, little presents, etc., that are used to decorate the home or give to children."<sup id="cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English-speaking countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the day before Lent is known as Shrove Tuesday, which is derived from the word <i>shrive</i>, meaning "to administer the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confession</a> to; to absolve."<sup id="cite_ref-Melitta_Weiss_Adamson,_Francine_Segan_2008_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melitta_Weiss_Adamson,_Francine_Segan_2008-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these countries, <a href="/wiki/Pancakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancakes">pancakes</a> are associated with Shrove Tuesday because they are a way to use up rich foods such as eggs, milk, and sugar – rich foods which are not eaten during the season.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Carnival celebrations which in many cultures traditionally precede Lent are seen as a last opportunity for excess before Lent begins. Some of the most famous are the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Barranquilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of Barranquilla">Carnival of Barranquilla</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Venice" title="Carnival of Venice">Carnival of Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Carnival" title="Cologne Carnival">Cologne Carnival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mardi_Gras" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans Mardi Gras">New Orleans Mardi Gras</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio de Janeiro carnival">Rio de Janeiro carnival</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Carnival" title="Trinidad and Tobago Carnival">Trinidad and Tobago Carnival</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In stark contrast to traditions of merrymaking and feasting, Oriental Orthodox Churches practice a pre-Lenten fast in preparation for Lent which is immediately followed by the fast of Great Lent without interruption. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fasting_and_Lenten_sacrifice">Fasting and Lenten sacrifice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fasting and Lenten sacrifice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Tempted_in_the_Wilderness_(J%C3%A9sus_tent%C3%A9_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Tempted_in_the_Wilderness_%28J%C3%A9sus_tent%C3%A9_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/250px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Tempted_in_the_Wilderness_%28J%C3%A9sus_tent%C3%A9_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Tempted_in_the_Wilderness_%28J%C3%A9sus_tent%C3%A9_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/500px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Tempted_in_the_Wilderness_%28J%C3%A9sus_tent%C3%A9_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><i>Jesus Tempted in the Wilderness (Jésus tenté dans le désert)</i>, <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian dietary laws</a></div> <p>There are traditionally 40 days in Lent; these are marked by fasting, both from foods and festivities, and by other acts of <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a>. Fasting is maintained for all 40 days of Lent (regardless of how they are enumerated; see <a href="#Date_and_duration">above</a>). Historically, fasting and abstinence have been maintained continuously for the weekdays of the whole Lenten season, with Sundays being days of abstinence only.<sup id="cite_ref-WJW_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The making of a <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a>, in which Christians give up a personal pleasure for the duration of 40 days, is a traditional practice during Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Mortimer2016_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mortimer2016-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a> and especially on <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a>, the day before the start of the Lenten season, many Christians finalize their decision with respect to what <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifices</a> they will make for Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-JKelvey2018_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKelvey2018-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include practicing <a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotalism</a> during Lent as a Lenten sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-McDuff2013_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDuff2013-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bekhechi2017_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhechi2017-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While making a Lenten sacrifice, it is customary to <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">pray</a> for strength to keep it; many often wish others for doing so as well, e.g. "May God bless your Lenten sacrifice."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some believers add a regular spiritual discipline, to bring them closer to God, such as reading a Lenten <a href="/wiki/Daily_devotional" title="Daily devotional">daily devotional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crumm_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crumm-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Catholics, Lutherans, Moravians, Anglicans, United Protestants, and Lent-observing Methodists and Reformed Christians, the Lenten penitential season ends after the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_service" title="Sunrise service">Sunrise service</a>. Orthodox Christians also break their fast after the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Vigil" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal Vigil">Paschal Vigil</a>, a service which starts around 11:00 pm on Holy Saturday, and which includes the Paschal celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> of St. <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>. At the end of the service, the priest blesses cheese, eggs, flesh meats, and other items that the faithful have been abstaining from for the duration of Great Lent. </p><p>Lenten traditions and liturgical practices are less common, less binding, and sometimes non-existent among some <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">progressive Christians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A greater emphasis on anticipation of <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> is often encouraged more than the penitence of Lent or Holy Week.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Christians as well as <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> groups also interpret the Lenten fast in a positive tone, not as renunciation but as contributing to causes such as environmental stewardship and improvement of health.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even some <a href="/wiki/Atheists" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheists">atheists</a> find value in the Christian tradition and observe Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lenten_Black_Fast">Lenten Black Fast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lenten Black Fast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, using the early Christian form known as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Fast" title="Black Fast">Black Fast</a>, the observant does not consume food for a whole day until the evening, and at sunset, Christians traditionally break the Lenten fast of that day with a <a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> supper (no food or drink is consumed in a day apart from that in the <a href="/wiki/Lenten_supper" title="Lenten supper">Lenten supper</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Cléir2017_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cléir2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GuérangerFromage1912_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuérangerFromage1912-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Butler_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kiernan_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiernan-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, many Christians continue this practice of fasting until sunset on <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, with many fasting in this manner throughout the whole season of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Addis2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Addis2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zaidi2022_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaidi2022-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Daniel_Fast">Daniel Fast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Daniel Fast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christians of various traditions, including Catholics and Methodists, have voluntarily undertaken the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fast" title="Daniel Fast">Daniel Fast</a> during the season of Lent, in which one abstains from "meat, fish, egg, dairy products, chocolates, ice creams, sugar, sweets, wine or any alcoholic beverages" (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel#10:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Daniel">Daniel 10:3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-RNS2013_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNS2013-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMMRCC2021_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMMRCC2021-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hinton2016_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinton2016-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lenten_supper">Lenten supper</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lenten supper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After attending a worship service (often on Wednesday and Friday evenings), it is common for Christians of various denominations to conclude that day's Lenten fast together through a communal <a href="/wiki/Lenten_supper" title="Lenten supper">Lenten supper</a>, which may be held in the church's <a href="/wiki/Parish_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish hall">parish hall</a>. Lenten suppers ordinarily take place in the home setting during the 40 days of Lent during which a family (or individual) concludes that day's fast after a <a href="/wiki/Grace_(prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (prayer)">mealtime prayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lighthouse2018_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lighthouse2018-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abstinence_from_meat_and_animal_products">Abstinence from meat and animal products</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abstinence from meat and animal products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_(5417587993).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg/250px-Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg/330px-Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg/500px-Linsen-M%C3%B6hren-Orangensuppe_%285417587993%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Lenten suppers often consist of a vegetarian soup, bread, and water in order to maintain the season's focus on abstinence, sacrifice, and simplicity.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fasting has historically included abstinence from alcohol, meat, <a href="/wiki/Lacticinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacticinia">lacticinia</a> (dairy products), and other edible produce derived from animals (such as eggs), which has been enjoined continuously for the whole duration of the season including Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church Father <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> stated that the early Christians did not consume meat for the whole duration of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>, some adherents continue to mark the season with a traditional abstention from the consumption of meat (<a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a>), most notably among Catholics, Lutherans, and Anglicans.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA1978-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gavitt1991_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gavitt1991-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form of abstention may vary depending on what is customary; some abstain from meat for 40 days, some do so only on Fridays, or some only on Good Friday itself.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA1978-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samaan2024-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Catholicism, lacticinia may be consumed by penitents in Spain and its colonised territories, per a pontifical decree of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a>. Until 1741, meat and lacticinia were otherwise forbidden for the whole season of Lent, including Sundays. In that year, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a> allowed for the consumption of meat and lacticinia during certain fasting days of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurston1904_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurston1904-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abstinence from alcohol during the season of Lent has traditionally been enjoined "in remembrance of the Sacred Thirst of Our Lord on the Cross."<sup id="cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dispensations for the allowance of certain foods have been given throughout history, depending on the climate in that part of the world. For example, <a href="/wiki/Giraldus_Cambrensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giraldus Cambrensis">Giraldus Cambrensis</a>, in his <i>Itinerary of <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Forde" title="Baldwin of Forde">Archbishop Baldwin</a> through Wales</i>, reports that "in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and the arctic regions", "great and religious persons" eat the tail of <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beavers</a> as "fish" because of its superficial resemblance to "both the taste and colour of fish." The animal was very abundant in Wales at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a> allowed for the consumption of sweetened foods during Lent, because "sugared spices", such as <a href="/wiki/Comfits" class="mw-redirect" title="Comfits">comfits</a>, were, in his opinion, digestive aids on par with medicine rather than food.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fasting practices are considerably relaxed in Western societies today, though in the Eastern Orthodox, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Rite Lutheranism">Eastern Lutheran</a> Churches abstinence from all animal products including eggs, fish, fowl, and milk is still commonly practiced, so that, where this is observed, only vegetarian (or <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a>) meals are consumed for the whole of Lent, 48 days in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Church's practices</a> require a fasting period that is a great deal longer, and there is some dispute over whether fish consumption is permissible. </p><p>In the traditions of Lent-observing Western Christian churches, abstinence from eating some form of food (generally meat, but not dairy or fish products) is distinguished from fasting. In principle, abstinence is to be observed in Western Christianity on Ash Wednesday and on every Friday of the year that is not a <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">solemnity</a> (a liturgical feast day of the highest rank); but in each country the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">episcopal conference</a> can determine the form it is to take, perhaps replacing abstinence with other forms of penance.<sup id="cite_ref-canons_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canons-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sexual_abstinence">Sexual abstinence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sexual abstinence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>, a denomination of <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Christianity">Oriental Orthodox Christianity</a>, teaches that during Lent believers "should refrain from physical relations to give themselves time for fasting and prayer (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#7:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 7:5</a>)."<sup id="cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samaan2024-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> enjoins abstinence from sexual relations during Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Menzel2014_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menzel2014-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Western Christianity, through the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Christians abstained from sexual relations during the whole of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Brundage2009_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brundage2009-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In view of this, nine months after Lent, birth records were drastically low.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spain, according to researchers from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">University of Valencia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="University of Alcalá">University of Alcalà</a>, the custom of abstaining from sexual relations was widely practiced until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Franco_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco regime">Franco régime</a>, though some Western Christians voluntarily continue this practice today.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Specific_fasting_traditions_by_Christian_denomination">Specific fasting traditions by Christian denomination</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Specific fasting traditions by Christian denomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fasting in the Catholic Church</a></div> <p>Prior to 1966, the Catholic Church allowed Catholics of fasting age to eat only one full meal a day throughout all forty days of Lent, except on the Lord's Day. Catholics were allowed to take a smaller meal, called a <a href="/wiki/Collation_(meal)" title="Collation (meal)">collation</a>, which was introduced after the 14th century A.D., and a cup of some beverage, accompanied by a little bread, in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a> allowed the full meal on a fasting day to be taken at any hour and to be supplemented by two collations, with the quantity and the quality of the food to be determined by local custom. Abstinence from meat was to be observed on Ash Wednesday and on Fridays and Saturdays in Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lenten fast ended on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> at noon. Only those aged 21 to 59 were obliged to fast. As with all ecclesiastical laws, particular difficulties, such as strenuous work or illness, excused one from observance, and a dispensation from the law could be granted by a bishop or parish priest.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rule of thumb is that the two collations should not add up to the equivalent of another full meal. Rather portions were to be: "sufficient to sustain strength, but not sufficient to satisfy hunger."<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> reduced the obligatory fasting days from all forty days of Lent to Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, abstinence days to Fridays and Ash Wednesday, and allowed <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">episcopal conferences</a> to replace abstinence and fasting with other forms of penitence such as charity and piety, as declared and established in his <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i>; fasting on all forty days of Lent is still "strongly recommended", though not under pain of mortal sin.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done so that those in countries where the standard of living is lower can replace fasting with prayer, but "…where economic well-being is greater, so much more will the witness of asceticism have to be given…"<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was made part of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a>, which made obligatory fasting for those aged between 18 and 59, and abstinence for those aged 14 and upward.<sup id="cite_ref-canons_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canons-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference" title="Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference">Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference</a> decided to allow other forms of Friday penance to replace that of abstinence from meat, whether in Lent or outside Lent, suggesting alternatives such as abstaining from some other food, or from alcohol or smoking; making a special effort at participating in family prayer or in Mass; making the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a>; or helping the poor, sick, old, or lonely.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales">Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales</a> made a similar ruling in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but decided in 2011 to restore the traditional year-round Friday abstinence from meat.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a> has maintained the rule of abstention from meat on Friday only during Lent and considers poultry to be a type of meat but not fish or shellfish.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Mary_Immaculate_Queen" title="Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen">Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen</a> (CMRI), a <a href="/wiki/Sedevacantist_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedevacantist Catholic">Sedevacantist Catholic</a> congregation, requires fasting for its members on all of the forty days of the Christian season of repentance, Lent (except on the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>). The CMRI mandates under the pain of grave sin, abstinence from meat on Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and all Fridays of the year in general.<sup id="cite_ref-CMRI2018_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMRI2018-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even during Lent, the rule about solemnities holds, so that the obligation of Friday abstinence does not apply on 19 and 25 March when, as usually happens, the solemnities of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day#Catholic_traditions" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> are celebrated on those dates. The same applies to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a>, which is a solemnity in the whole of Ireland as well as in dioceses that have <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> as their principal <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>. In some other places, too, where there are strong Irish traditions within the Catholic community, a dispensation is granted for that day.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, where Ash Wednesday often coincides with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> celebrations, a dispensation is then granted from the laws of fast and abstinence, and the faithful are exhorted to use some other form of penance.<sup id="cite_ref-HK_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HK-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the birth of Lutheranism in the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, Lutheran church orders in the 16th century "retained the observation of the Lenten fast, and Lutherans have observed this season with a serene, earnest attitude."<sup id="cite_ref-Gassmann_180_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gassmann_180-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> churches advocate fasting during Lent,<sup id="cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatch1978_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatch1978-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pfatteicher1990_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pfatteicher1990-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JacobsHaas1899_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JacobsHaas1899-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent</i> published by the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline</a> Lutheran denomination, offers a number of guidelines for fasting, abstinence, and other forms of self-denial during Lent:<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA1978-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with only one simple meal during the day, usually without meat.</li> <li>Refrain from eating meat (bloody foods) on all Fridays in Lent, substituting fish for example.</li> <li>Eliminate a food or food group for the entire season. Especially consider saving rich and fatty foods for Easter.</li> <li>Consider not eating before receiving Communion in Lent.</li> <li>Abstain from or limit a favorite activity (television, movies etc.) for the entire season, and spend more time in prayer, Bible study, and reading devotional material.</li> <li>Don't just give up something that you have to give up for your doctor or diet anyway. Make your fast a voluntary self-denial (i.e. discipline) that you offer to God in prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA1978-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">confessional Lutheran</a> denomination, likewise encourages (but does not require) members to give things up for Lent, while emphasizing that the purpose of Lent is repentance from sin rather than minor acts of self-denial in themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Moravianism">Moravianism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Moravianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a> voluntarily fast during the season of Lent, along with making a <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a> for the season as a form of penitence.<sup id="cite_ref-NHMC2021_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHMC2021-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reformed">Reformed</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Reformed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, the principal figure in the development of Reformed theology, critiqued the practice of Lent in his <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_the_Christian_Religion" title="Institutes of the Christian Religion">Institutes of the Christian Religion</a> as a "superstitious observance," and observed that "Christ did not fast repeatedly (which he must have done had he meant to lay down a law for an anniversary fast), but once only, when preparing for the promulgation of the gospel."<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, leading Reformed divines such as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rutherford" title="Samuel Rutherford">Samuel Rutherford</a> rejected the obligation of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Directory_for_Public_Worship" title="Directory for Public Worship">Directory for Public Worship</a> produced by the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster Assembly</a> in 1644 and approved by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Scottish Parliament</a> in 1645 takes the position that "[t]here is no day commanded in scripture to be kept holy under the gospel but the Lord's day, which is the Christian Sabbath," and approves of fasting specifically "upon special emergent occasions" (cf. <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving">days of humiliation and thanksgiving</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, and in keeping with the Reformed <a href="/wiki/Regulative_principle_of_worship" title="Regulative principle of worship">regulative principle of worship</a>, the Reformed churches have historically not observed Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some churches in the Reformed tradition observe Lent today.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a>, a Mainline Protestant denomination, describes the first day of Lent, <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, as a day "focused on prayer, fasting, and repentance," encouraging members to "observe a Holy Lent, by self-examination and penitence, by prayer and fasting, by practicing works of love, and by reading and reflecting on God's Holy Word."<sup id="cite_ref-RCA2018_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCA2018-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among Reformed Christians who do observe Lent, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, which is towards the end of the Lenten season, is an important day of communal fasting, as it is for many Episcopalians, Lutherans, and Methodists.<sup id="cite_ref-RipleyDana1883_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RipleyDana1883-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i> (1662) of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> designates "All the Fridays in the Year, except Christmas Day" as days of fasting and abstinence, alongside the forty days of Lent, the <a href="/wiki/Ember_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Ember Days">Ember Days</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rogation_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogation Days">Rogation Days</a>, and the vigils of feast days.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine%27s_Prayer_Book" title="Saint Augustine's Prayer Book">Saint Augustine's Prayer Book</a>, a companion to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>, states that fasting is "usually meaning not more than a light breakfast, one full meal, and one half meal, on the forty days of Lent."<sup id="cite_ref-Gavitt1991_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gavitt1991-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It further states that "the major Fast Days of Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, as the American Prayer-Book indicates, are stricter in obligation, though not in observance, than the other Fast Days, and therefore should not be neglected except in cases of serious illness or other necessity of an absolute character."<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Methodism">Methodism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Methodism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historic Methodist homilies regarding the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> stress the importance of the Lenten fast, which begins on Ash Wednesday.<sup id="cite_ref-AbrahamKirby2009_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbrahamKirby2009-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> therefore states that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is a strong biblical base for fasting, particularly during the 40 days of Lent leading to the celebration of Easter. Jesus, as part of his spiritual preparation, went into the wilderness and fasted 40 days and 40 nights, according to the Gospels.<sup id="cite_ref-UMCFasting2017_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMCFasting2017-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, which is towards the end of the Lenten season, is traditionally an important day of communal fasting for Methodists.<sup id="cite_ref-RipleyDana1883_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RipleyDana1883-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rev. Jacqui King, the minister of Nu Faith Community United Methodist Church in Houston explained the philosophy of fasting during Lent as "I'm not skipping a meal because in place of that meal I'm actually dining with God."<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United Methodist Church teaches, in reference to one's <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a>, that "On each Lord's Day in Lent, while Lenten fasts continue, the reverent spirit of Lent is tempered with joyful anticipation of the Resurrection."<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The liturgical book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Service_of_the_Methodists" title="The Sunday Service of the Methodists">The Sunday Service of the Methodists</a></i> (put together by <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>), as well as the Directions Given to Band Societies (25 December 1744), mandate fasting and abstinence from meat on all Fridays of the year (except Christmas Day, if it falls on a Friday).<sup id="cite_ref-Wesley1825_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wesley1825-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKnight2010_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKnight2010-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_related_fasting_periods">Other related fasting periods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other related fasting periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg/240px-Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg/360px-Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg/480px-Ashes_to_Go_at_Palmer_Memorial_Episcopal_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The season of Lent begins on <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, most notably by the public imposition of ashes. In this photograph, a woman receives a cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday outside an Anglican church.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/240px-Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/360px-Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/480px-Ash_Wednesday_Mass_at_Nazareth_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A Lutheran pastor distributes ashes during the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a> on Ash Wednesday.</figcaption></figure> <p>The number 40 has many Biblical references: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> spent 40 days on <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> with <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> spent 40 days and nights walking to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>God sent 40 days and nights of rain in the great flood of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hebrew people wandered 40 years in the desert while traveling to the <a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>'s prophecy of <a href="/wiki/Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment">judgment</a> gave 40 days to the city of <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> in which to repent or be destroyed<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jesus retreated into the wilderness, where He fasted for 40 days, and was <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">tempted</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">devil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He overcame all three of Satan's <a href="/wiki/Temptation" title="Temptation">temptations</a> by citing scripture to the devil, at which point the devil left him, angels ministered to Jesus, and He began His <a href="/wiki/Christian_ministry" title="Christian ministry">ministry</a>. Jesus further said that His disciples should fast "when the bridegroom shall be taken from them",<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reference to his Passion.</li> <li>It is the traditional belief that Jesus lay for 40 hours in the tomb,<sup id="cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-en-lent-duration-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led to the 40 hours of total fasting that preceded the Easter celebration in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the biblical reference to 'three days in the tomb' is understood by them as <i>spanning</i> three days, from Friday afternoon to early Sunday morning, rather than three 24-hour periods of time). Some Christian denominations, such as The Way International and Logos Apostolic Church of God,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/E._W._Bullinger" title="E. W. Bullinger">E. W. Bullinger</a> in <i>The Companion Bible</i>, believe Christ was in the grave for a total of 72 hours, reflecting the <a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">type</a> of Jonah in the belly of the whale.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>One of the most important ceremonies at Easter is the <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> of the initiates on Easter Eve. The fast was initially undertaken by the <a href="/wiki/Catechumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechumen">catechumens</a> to prepare them for the reception of this <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a>. Later, the period of fasting from <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> until Easter Day was extended to six days, to correspond with the six weeks of training necessary to give the final instruction to those <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">converts</a> who were to be baptized.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Conversion to Christianity">Converts to Christianity</a> followed a strict <a href="/wiki/Catechumenate" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechumenate">catechumenate</a> or period of instruction and discipline prior to receiving the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, sometimes lasting up to three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Hinson1981_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinson1981-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> near the close of the fourth century, classes were held throughout Lent for three hours each day. With the legalization of Christianity (by the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a>) and its later imposition as the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, its character was endangered by the great influx of new members. In response, the Lenten fast and practices of <a href="/wiki/Asceticism#Christianity" title="Asceticism">self-renunciation</a> were required annually of all Christians, both to show solidarity with the catechumens, and for their own spiritual benefit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almsgiving">Almsgiving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Almsgiving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Almsgiving#Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Almsgiving">Almsgiving</a> is one of the three pillars of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumming2025_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumming2025-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The money that would normally go towards a luxury (given up as a <a href="/wiki/Lenten_sacrifice" title="Lenten sacrifice">Lenten sacrifice</a> during Lent), is donated at church as an <a href="/wiki/Offering_(Christianity)" title="Offering (Christianity)">offering</a> towards helping the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanspall2021_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanspall2021-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prayer_and_devotion">Prayer and devotion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Prayer and devotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common practice is the singing of the <a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a> hymn in designated groups. Among <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Filipino Catholics</a>, the recitation of the epic of Christ' passion, called <i><a href="/wiki/Pasiong_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasiong Mahal">Pasiong Mahal</a></i>, is also observed. In many Christian countries, grand religious processions and cultural customs are observed,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A custom of <a href="/wiki/Seven_Churches_Visitation" title="Seven Churches Visitation">visiting seven churches</a> during Holy Week to pray the Stations of the Cross and praying at each church, exists and has been done in an ecumenical context, involving Christians of the Catholic, Methodist, Episcopal and <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvationist</a> traditions, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Omission_of_Gloria_and_Alleluia">Omission of Gloria and Alleluia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Omission of Gloria and Alleluia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></i>, which is usually said or sung on Sundays at <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> (or Communion) of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican rites</a>, is omitted on the Sundays of Lent (as well as Sundays of Advent), but continues in use on <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">solemnities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">feasts</a> and on special celebrations of a more solemn kind.<sup id="cite_ref-Block2019_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Block2019-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass compositions</a> were written especially for Lent, such as Michael Haydn's <i><a href="/wiki/Missa_tempore_Quadragesimae_(Michael_Haydn)" title="Missa tempore Quadragesimae (Michael Haydn)">Missa tempore Quadragesimae</a></i>, without Gloria, in D minor, and for modest forces, only choir and organ. The Gloria is used on <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a>, to the accompaniment of bells, which then fall silent until the <i>Gloria in excelsis</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a>, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, the Anglican Churches, and the Presbyterian service of worship associate the <i><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></i> with joy and omit it entirely throughout Lent,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jr.2002_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.2002-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not only at Mass but also in the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> and outside the liturgy. The word "Alleluia" at the beginning and end of the Acclamation Before the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a> at Mass is replaced by another phrase. </p><p>Before 1970, the omission began with <a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a>, and the whole Acclamation was omitted and was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a>; and in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> the word "Alleluia", normally added to the <i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></i> at the beginning of each Hour – now simply omitted during Lent – was replaced by the phrase <i>Laus tibi, Domine, rex aeternae gloriae (Praise to you, O Lord, king of eternal glory)</i>. </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a> was revised by Saint <a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a> the liturgy of the First Sunday of Lent was festive, celebrated with chanting of the Gloria and Alleluia, in line with the recommendation in Matthew 6:16, "When you fast, do not look gloomy."<sup id="cite_ref-Thouret_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thouret-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-en-lent-duration-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Initii_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Initii-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, the Gloria (<a href="/wiki/Great_Doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Doxology">Great Doxology</a>) continues to be used in its normal place in the <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> service, and the Alleluia appears all the more frequently, replacing "God is the Lord" at Matins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Veiling_of_religious_images">Veiling of religious images</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Veiling of religious images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lent" title="Special:EditPage/Lent">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg/250px-Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg/330px-Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg/500px-Minister_prostrates_at_the_start_of_United_Methodist_Good_Friday_liturgy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A Methodist minister <a href="/wiki/Prostration" title="Prostration">prostrates</a> at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> liturgy at Holy Family Church, in accordance with the rubrics in the <a href="/wiki/The_United_Methodist_Book_of_Worship_(1992)" title="The United Methodist Book of Worship (1992)">Book of Worship</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional cross</a> is veiled in black, the liturgical colour associated with Good Friday in Methodist Churches.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenten_shrouds.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lenten_shrouds.jpeg/250px-Lenten_shrouds.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lenten_shrouds.jpeg/330px-Lenten_shrouds.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lenten_shrouds.jpeg/500px-Lenten_shrouds.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Statues and icons veiled in violet shrouds for <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a> in <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_Church,_Ipswich" title="St Pancras Church, Ipswich">St Pancras Church, Ipswich</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StMartin43-53.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/StMartin43-53.JPG/250px-StMartin43-53.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/StMartin43-53.JPG/330px-StMartin43-53.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/StMartin43-53.JPG/500px-StMartin43-53.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1934" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> on the high altar is veiled for Lent. Saint Martin's parish, <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In certain majority-<a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian states</a>, in which liturgical forms of Christianity predominate, religious objects were traditionally veiled for the entire 40 days of Lent. Though perhaps uncommon<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the United States of America,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (March 2024)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> this practice is consistently observed in <a href="/wiki/Goa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa, India">Goa</a>, Malta, Peru, the Philippines (the latter only for the entire duration of Holy Week, with the exception of processional images), and in the Spanish cities: <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>. In Ireland, before <a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a>, when impoverished rural Catholic convents and parishes could not afford purple fabrics, they resorted to either removing the statues altogether or, if too heavy or bothersome, turned the statues to face the wall. As is popular custom, the 14 <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> plaques on the walls are not veiled. </p><p>Crosses were often adorned with jewels and gemstones, the form referred to as <i>Crux Gemmata</i>. To keep the faithful from adoring elaborately-ornamented crucifixes, churches began veiling them in purple fabrics. The violet colour later came to symbolize penance and mourning. </p><p>Further liturgical changes in modernity reduced such observances to the last week of <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a>. In parishes that could afford only small quantities of violet fabrics, only the heads of the statues were veiled. If no violet fabrics could be afforded at all, then the religious statues and images were turned around facing the wall. Flowers were removed as a sign of solemn mourning. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Worship_for_Church_and_Home_(1965)" title="Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965)">pre-1992 Methodist liturgy</a> and pre-1970 forms of the Roman Rite, the last two weeks of Lent are known as <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a>, a period beginning on the Fifth Sunday in Lent, which in the 1962 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> is called the First Sunday in Passiontide and in earlier editions Passion Sunday. All statues (and in England paintings as well) in the church were traditionally veiled in violet. This was seen as in keeping with John 8:46–59, the Gospel of that Sunday, in which Jesus "hid himself" from the people. </p><p>Within many churches in the United States of America, after the Second Vatican Council, the need to veil statues or crosses became increasingly irrelevant and was deemed unnecessary by some <a href="/wiki/Diocesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocesan">diocesan</a> bishops. As a result, the veils were removed at the singing of the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria in Excelsis Deo">Gloria in Excelsis Deo</a> during the Easter Vigil. In 1970, the name "Passiontide" was dropped, although the last two weeks are markedly different from the rest of the season, and continuance of the tradition of veiling images is left to the discretion of a country's conference of bishops or even to individual parishes as pastors may wish. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, the Anglican, Lutheran, and Methodist churches traditionally veiled "all pictures, statutes, and the cross are covered in mourning black", while "the chancel and altar coverings are replaced with black, and altar candles are extinguished." The fabrics are then "replaced with white on <a href="/wiki/Sunrise" title="Sunrise">sunrise</a> on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vestments">Vestments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Vestments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg/250px-Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg/330px-Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg/500px-Chancel_on_Maundy_Thursday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="5312" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> church decorated with red <a href="/wiki/Parament" title="Parament">paraments</a>, the liturgical colour of the last week of Lent, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, in the Lutheran and Anglican Churches<sup id="cite_ref-Gally1989_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gally1989-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, and many Anglican churches, pastors and priests wear violet vestments during the season of Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-Escue2000_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Escue2000-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic priests wear white vestments on solemnity days for St. Joseph (March 19) and the Annunciation (March 25), although these solemnities are transferred to another date if they fall on a Sunday during Lent or at any time during Holy Week. On the fourth Sunday of Lent, rose-coloured (pink) vestments may be worn in lieu of violet. Historically, black was also used: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> declared black to be the proper color for Lent, though <a href="/wiki/Durandus_of_Saint-Pour%C3%A7ain" title="Durandus of Saint-Pourçain">Durandus of Saint-Pourçain</a> asserted violet was preferable to black.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some Anglican churches, a type of unbleached linen or muslin known as "Lenten array" is worn during the first three weeks of Lent, crimson is worn during Passiontide, and on holy days, the colour proper to the day is worn.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In certain other Anglican churches, as an alternative to violet for all of Lent except Holy Week and red beginning on Palm Sunday through Holy Saturday, Lenten array, typically made of sackcloth such as burlap and trimmed with crimson cloth, often velvet, is worn, even during Holy Week—since the sackcloth represents penance and the crimson edges represent the Passion of Christ. Even the veils that cover the altar crosses or crucifixes and statuary (if any) are made of the same sackcloth with the crimson trim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holy_days_within_the_season_of_Lent">Holy days within the season of Lent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Holy days within the season of Lent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lent" title="Special:EditPage/Lent">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg/250px-Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg/330px-Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg/500px-Ash_Wednesday_at_Keystone_United_Methodist_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A Methodist minister distributing ashes to <a href="/wiki/Confirmand" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmand">confirmands</a> kneeling at the <a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">chancel rails</a> on Ash Wednesday</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg/250px-5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg/330px-5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg/500px-5208-20080122-1255UTC--jerusalem-calvary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Jerusalem">Old Jerusalem</a> on <a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Calvary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Calvary">Mount Calvary</a>, where tradition claims Jesus was <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucified</a> and died</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several holy days within the season of Lent: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> is the first of Lent in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> is the first day of Lent in <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Churches, and Methodist Churches. However, in the <a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a>, there is no Ash Wednesday: Lent begins on the first Sunday and the fast begins on the first Monday.</li> <li>Lenten Sundays</li></ul> <ol><li>The first Sunday in Lent marks one of the weeks during which <a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a> are observed in Western Christian churches.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="4">The fourth Sunday in Lent, which marks the halfway point between Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday, is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> by Catholics, Anglicans, and many other Christians, because of the traditional Entrance Antiphon of the Mass. Due to the more "joyful" character of the day (since <i>laetare</i> in Latin means "rejoice"), the priest, deacon, and subdeacon have the option of wearing vestments of a rose colour (pink) instead of violet.</li> <ul><li>Additionally, the fourth Lenten Sunday, <a href="/wiki/Mothering_Sunday" title="Mothering Sunday">Mothering Sunday</a>, which has become known as Mother's Day in the United Kingdom and an occasion for honouring mothers of children, has its origin in a 16th-century celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Mother_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Church">Mother Church</a>.</li> <li>The fourth Sunday of Lent has also been called "<a href="/wiki/Rosalia_(festival)#Rose_Sundays" title="Rosalia (festival)">Rose Sunday</a>"; on this day the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> blesses the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rose" title="Golden Rose">Golden Rose</a>, a jewel in the shape of a rose.</li></ul> <li>The fifth Sunday in Lent, also known in some denominations as <a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> (and in some denominations also applies to <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>) marks the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a>.</li> <li>The sixth Sunday in Lent, commonly called <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>, marks the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, the final week of Lent immediately preceding Easter.</li></ol> <dl><dd><ul><li>The Sundays in Lent carry Latin names in German <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, derived from the beginning of the Sunday's <a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">introit</a>. The first is called Invocabit, the second Reminiscere, the third Oculi, the fourth <a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare</a>, the fifth Judica, the sixth <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Wednesday of Holy Week, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a> (also sometimes known as <a href="/wiki/Spy_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy Wednesday">Spy Wednesday</a>) commemorates <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>'s bargain to betray Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thursday of Holy Week is known as <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> or Holy Thursday, and is a day Christians commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> shared by Christ with his <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>.</li> <li>The next day is <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, which begins the Easter Triduum; on this day Christians remember Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a>, death, and burial.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Easter_Triduum">Easter Triduum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Easter Triduum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Easter_Triduum" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Triduum">Easter Triduum</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lent" title="Special:EditPage/Lent">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Old Catholic, and many other traditions, the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Triduum" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Triduum">Easter Triduum</a> is a three-day event that begins Maundy Thursday evening, with the entrance hymn of the Mass of the Lord's Supper. After this celebration, the consecrated <a href="/wiki/Host_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Host (liturgy)">Hosts</a> are taken solemnly from the altar to a place of reposition, where the faithful are invited to meditate in the presence of the consecrated Hosts.This is the Church's response to Jesus' question to the disciples sleeping in the <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Garden of Gethsemane</a>, "Could you not watch with me one hour?" On the next day, the liturgical commemoration of the Passion of Jesus Christ is celebrated at 3 pm, unless a later time is chosen due to work schedules. </p><p>This service consists of readings from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Scriptures</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>'s account of the <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Passion</a> of Jesus, followed by prayers, veneration of the cross of Jesus, and a communion service at which the hosts consecrated at the evening Mass of the day before are distributed. The <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> during the night between Holy Saturday afternoon and Easter Sunday morning starts with the blessing of a fire and a special candle, and with readings from Scripture associated with <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>. Then, the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria in Excelsis Deo">Gloria in Excelsis Deo</a> is sung, water is blessed, baptism and <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a> of adults may take place, the people are invited to renew the promises of their own baptism, and finally, Mass is celebrated in the usual way from the Preparation of the Gifts onwards. </p><p>Holy Week and the season of Lent, depending on <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denomination</a> and local <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">custom</a>, end with Easter Vigil at sundown on Holy Saturday or on the morning of Easter Sunday. It is custom for some churches to hold sunrise services which include open air celebrations in some places. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Radio_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Four">Radio Four</a> normally broadcasts during Lent a series of programmes called the <i><a href="/wiki/Lent_Talks" title="Lent Talks">Lent Talks</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These 15-minute programmes are normally broadcast on a Wednesday and have featured various speakers, such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_apologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian apologist">Christian apologist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lennox" title="John Lennox">John Lennox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, popular Catholic Prayer and Meditation App, Hallow, runs prayer events throughout Lent with the current, #Pray40 2025 edition having over 1,000,000 praying together through Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/40px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/60px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" 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portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a> – Lifestyle of frugality and abstinence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a> – Repentance of sins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a> – Offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a deity</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">Easter cycle</a> – Part of the Christian liturgical year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia,_dulce_carmen" title="Alleluia, dulce carmen">Alleluia, dulce carmen</a> – is a medieval Latin hymn sung during the week before Septuagesima as a preparation to the dismissal of the Alleluia<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_Nineveh" title="Fast of Nineveh">Fast of Nineveh</a> – Three-day fast in Assyrian Christianity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting#Christianity" title="Fasting">Fasting § Christianity</a> – Abstinence or reduced consumption of food and drink</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Sunday" title="People's Sunday">People's Sunday</a> – First Sunday of Lent at Żabbar, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">Quadragesima Sunday</a> – The first Sunday in the season of Lent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a> – Sunday before Ash Wednesday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_before_a_crucifix" title="Prayer before a crucifix">Prayer before a crucifix</a> – traditional Catholic prayer<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span> - Prayer to Jesus which allows to obtain, when recited on the Fridays of Lent and under the prescribed conditions, a plenary indulgence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael%27s_Lent" title="Saint Michael's Lent">Saint Michael's Lent</a> – Period of fasting observed in the Catholic Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshment_Sunday" title="Refreshment Sunday">Refreshment Sunday</a> – Christian celebration during Lent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_days" title="Station days">Station days</a> - Days of fasting in the early Christian Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sundays_of_Commemoration" title="Three Sundays of Commemoration">Three Sundays of Commemoration</a> – Three consecutive Sundays before Lent</li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09152a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lent"</a>. <i>New Advent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Advent&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Lent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F09152a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UMC_-_Lent-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UMC_-_Lent_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?ptid=1&mid=2870">"What is Lent and why does it last forty days?"</a>. The United Methodist Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Lent+and+why+does+it+last+forty+days%3F&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.umc.org%2Finterior.asp%3Fptid%3D1%26mid%3D2870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Anglican_Catholic_Church-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Anglican_Catholic_Church_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070824050748/http://www.anglicancatholic.org/dmas/litdescp.html">"The Liturgical Year"</a>. The Anglican Catholic Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicancatholic.org/dmas/litdescp.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liturgical+Year&rft.pub=The+Anglican+Catholic+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicancatholic.org%2Fdmas%2Flitdescp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moravian2021-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moravian2021_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moravian.org/2022/03/bringing-together-worship-resources-for-lent/">"Bringing Together Worship Resources for Lent and Easter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>. 24 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bringing+Together+Worship+Resources+for+Lent+and+Easter&rft.pub=Moravian+Church&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moravian.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fbringing-together-worship-resources-for-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denominations_1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Denominations_1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTtcFiGbW2kC&q=lent+lutheran+catholic+methodist&pg=PA98"><i>Comparative Religion For Dummies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/For_Dummies" title="For Dummies">For Dummies</a>. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118052273" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118052273"><bdi>978-1118052273</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>This is the day Lent begins. Christians go to church to pray and have a cross drawn in yellow in ashes on their foreheads. The ashes drawn on ancient tradition represent repentance before God. The holiday is part of Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, and Episcopalian [Anglican] liturgies, among others.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Religion+For+Dummies&rft.pub=For+Dummies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1118052273&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTtcFiGbW2kC%26q%3Dlent%2Blutheran%2Bcatholic%2Bmethodist%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWTN-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkin" class="citation web cs1">Akin, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329062132/http://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/LENT.htm">"All About Lent"</a>. EWTN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/LENT.HTM">the original</a> on 29 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Lent&rft.pub=EWTN&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FANSWERS%2FLENT.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas2024-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2024_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2024" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Benny (14 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240215232428/https://www.csichurchhouston.org/2024/02/14/letter-rev-benny-thomas/">"Letter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India (United Protestant)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csichurchhouston.org/2024/02/14/letter-rev-benny-thomas/">the original</a> on 15 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter&rft.pub=Church+of+South+India+%28United+Protestant%29&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csichurchhouston.org%2F2024%2F02%2F14%2Fletter-rev-benny-thomas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Methodist2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Methodist2020_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.methodist.org.sg/the-significance-of-lent/">"The Significance of Lent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Singapore" title="Methodist Church in Singapore">Methodist Church in Singapore</a>. 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Over the last 25 years, more and more Methodist local conferences have been observing Lent, the 46 days before Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Significance+of+Lent&rft.pub=Methodist+Church+in+Singapore&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.methodist.org.sg%2Fthe-significance-of-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mennonite-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mennonite_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219030037/http://www.thirdway.com/menno/glossary.asp?ID=121"><i>Mennonite Stew – A Glossary: Lent</i></a>. Third Way Café. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirdway.com/menno/glossary.asp?ID=121">the original</a> on 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2012</span>. <q>Traditionally, Lent was not observed by the Mennonite church, and only recently have more modern Mennonite churches started to focus on the six-week season preceding Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mennonite+Stew+%E2%80%93+A+Glossary%3A+Lent&rft.pub=Third+Way+Caf%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirdway.com%2Fmenno%2Fglossary.asp%3FID%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrumley" class="citation web cs1">Brumley, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2012-03-12/story/lent-not-just-catholics-also-some-baptists-and-other-evangelicals">"Lent not just for Catholics, but also for many denominations, Baptists and other evangelicals"</a>. The Florida Times Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent+not+just+for+Catholics%2C+but+also+for+many+denominations%2C+Baptists+and+other+evangelicals&rft.pub=The+Florida+Times+Union&rft.aulast=Brumley&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjacksonville.com%2Fnews%2Fmetro%2F2012-03-12%2Fstory%2Flent-not-just-catholics-also-some-baptists-and-other-evangelicals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenedict2014" class="citation book cs1">Benedict, Philip (2014). <i>Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism</i>. Yale University Press. p. 506. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300105070" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300105070"><bdi>978-0300105070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ%27s+Churches+Purely+Reformed%3A+A+Social+History+of+Calvinism&rft.pages=506&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0300105070&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opc.org/qa.html?question_id=365">"Question & Answer: Should we Observe Lent?"</a>. Orthodox Presbyterian Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>Those inheriting a Reformed theology (which would include the OPC) have adopted the stance that the church is only to practice in worship what the Bible actually establishes, often called the 'regulative principle of worship.' Many in the Reformed tradition would exclude the practice of Lent on this basis—it lacks scriptural warrant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Question+%26+Answer%3A+Should+we+Observe+Lent%3F&rft.pub=Orthodox+Presbyterian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opc.org%2Fqa.html%3Fquestion_id%3D365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Scott (2008). "The Predicament and the Promise for Young Baptist Scholars". In Ward, Roger; Gushee, David (eds.). <i>The Scholarly Vocation and the Baptist Academy: Essays on the Future of Baptist Higher Education</i>. Mercer University Press, Inc. p. 143. <q>In most Baptist churches, Lent is non-existent, and Advent is merely the 'pre-Christmas' wind-up.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Predicament+and+the+Promise+for+Young+Baptist+Scholars&rft.btitle=The+Scholarly+Vocation+and+the+Baptist+Academy%3A+Essays+on+the+Future+of+Baptist+Higher+Education&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hynes1993-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hynes1993_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHynes1993" class="citation book cs1">Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993). <i>Companion to the Calendar: A Guide to the Saints and Mysteries of the Christian Calendar</i>. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56854-011-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56854-011-5"><bdi>978-1-56854-011-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+to+the+Calendar%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Saints+and+Mysteries+of+the+Christian+Calendar&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Liturgy+Training+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-56854-011-5&rft.aulast=Hynes&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2017-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2017_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2017_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2017" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Lawrence J. (14 July 2017). <i>Worship in the Early Church: Volume 3: An Anthology of Historical Sources</i>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6328-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6328-8"><bdi>978-0-8146-6328-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worship+in+the+Early+Church%3A+Volume+3%3A+An+Anthology+of+Historical+Sources&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6328-8&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Leo_Haydock2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Leo_Haydock" title="George Leo Haydock">George Leo Haydock</a> (2015). <i>The New Testament</i>. Aeterna Press. <q>To fast 40 days without being hungry, was certainly far above the strength of man, but to be hungry at any time is inconsistent with God; for which reason our blessed Saviour, that he might not manifestly declare his divinity, was afterwards hungry. S. Hil. -- On this example, as well as that of Moses and Elias, who also fasted 40 days, the fast of Lent was instituted by the apostles, and is of necessity to be observed according to the general consent of the ancient Fathers. S. Jerom (ep. liv. ad Marcel.) says, we fast 40 days, or make one Lent in a year, according to the tradition of the apostles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament&rft.pub=Aeterna+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.au=George+Leo+Haydock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.com/qa/when-does-lent-really-end">"When does Lent really end?"</a>. <i>www.catholic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholic.com&rft.atitle=When+does+Lent+really+end%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fqa%2Fwhen-does-lent-really-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langford_96-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_96_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_96_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangford1993" class="citation book cs1">Langford, Andy (4 January 1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blueprintsforwor0000lang"><i>Blueprints for worship: a user's guide for United Methodist congregations</i></a></span>. Abingdon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blueprintsforwor0000lang/page/96">96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780687033126" title="Special:BookSources/9780687033126"><bdi>9780687033126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blueprints+for+worship%3A+a+user%27s+guide+for+United+Methodist+congregations&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=1993-01-04&rft.isbn=9780687033126&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblueprintsforwor0000lang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWTN2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkin1996" class="citation web cs1">Akin, Jimmy (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041021053142/https://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/LENT.HTM">"All About Lent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/LENT.HTM">the original</a> on 21 October 2004. <q>Lent is the forty day period before Easter, excluding Sundays, which begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Saturday (the day before Easter Sunday). [This traditional ennumeration does not precisely coincide with the calendar according to the liturgical reform. In order to give special prominence to the Sacred Triduum (Mass of the Lord's Supper, Good Friday, Easter Vigil) the current calendar counts Lent as only from Ash Wednesday to Holy Thursday, up to the Mass of the Lord's Supper. Even so, Lenten practices are properly maintained up to the Easter Vigil, excluding Sundays, as before.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN&rft.atitle=All+About+Lent&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FANSWERS%2FLENT.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJW-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJW_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJW_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJW_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFW1881" class="citation book cs1">W, W.J. (1881). <i>The Irish Ecclesiastical Record</i>. Browne and Nolan. p. 34. <q>But although the Sundays in Lent are not <i>fasting</i> days, there can be no question that, by the common law of the Church, they are days of most rigorous <i>abstinence</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Irish+Ecclesiastical+Record&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Browne+and+Nolan&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=W&rft.aufirst=W.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBohmat2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bohmat, Pavlo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bohm.narod.ru/books/phenomen_luth/statyafenomen.html">"Проповіді"</a> (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Lutheran_Church" title="Ukrainian Lutheran Church">Ukrainian Lutheran Church</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>. <q><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Як відомо, німецьке лютеранство згідно з церковною традицією залишило у вжитку чимало католицьких елементів, особливо в літургії. "Створена Лютером форма богослужіння, власне кажучи, є німецьким перекладом латинської меси" (Ф. Гейгер). В усьому світі лютерани, як і німці в Україні, відтворюють західний обряд. Натомість українці-лютерани від самого початку звернулись до православного обряду та юліанського календаря. Чому? Перше, що спадає на думку, -греко-католицьке походження засновників церкви. І це справді є однією з причин, що зумовила її оригінальне обличчя.</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96&rft.pub=Ukrainian+Lutheran+Church&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bohmat&rft.aufirst=Pavlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbohm.narod.ru%2Fbooks%2Fphenomen_luth%2Fstatyafenomen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBreck2005" class="citation web cs1">Breck, Fr John (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/reflections/fr.-john-breck/bright-sadness">"Bright Sadness"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Bright+Sadness&rft.date=2005-05&rft.aulast=Breck&rft.aufirst=Fr+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Freflections%2Ffr.-john-breck%2Fbright-sadness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cumming2025-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cumming2025_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cumming2025_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCumming2025" class="citation web cs1">Cumming, Ryan P. (2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.elca.org/blog/tag/lament/">"Holy Week: Feasting, Fasting and Living in Tension"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+Week%3A+Feasting%2C+Fasting+and+Living+in+Tension&rft.pub=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+in+America&rft.date=2025&rft.aulast=Cumming&rft.aufirst=Ryan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.elca.org%2Fblog%2Ftag%2Flament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jumper2020-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jumper2020_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jumper2020_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJumper2020" class="citation web cs1">Jumper, Dana (31 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510015456/https://www.pontiacdailyleader.com/lifestyle/20200131/lent-call-to-simplicity">"Lent: A call to simplicity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Daily_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac Daily Leader">Pontiac Daily Leader</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pontiacdailyleader.com/lifestyle/20200131/lent-call-to-simplicity">the original</a> on 10 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent%3A+A+call+to+simplicity&rft.pub=Pontiac+Daily+Leader&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Jumper&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pontiacdailyleader.com%2Flifestyle%2F20200131%2Flent-call-to-simplicity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurnett2017" class="citation web cs1">Burnett, Margaret (5 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebrownandwhite.com/2017/03/05/lehigh-students-observe-lent/">"Students observe Lent on campus – The Brown and White"</a>. The Brown and White<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Students+observe+Lent+on+campus+%E2%80%93+The+Brown+and+White&rft.pub=The+Brown+and+White&rft.date=2017-03-05&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebrownandwhite.com%2F2017%2F03%2F05%2Flehigh-students-observe-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lent"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lent">"Lent" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 427.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lent&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=427&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGassmannOldenburg2011" class="citation book cs1">Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810874824" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810874824"><bdi>978-0810874824</bdi></a>. <q>In many Lutheran churches, the Sundays during the Lenten season are called by the first word of their respective Latin Introitus (with the exception of Palm/Passion Sunday): Invocavit,[sic] Reminiscere, Oculi, Laetare, and Judica. Many Lutheran church orders of the 16th century retained the observation of the Lenten fast, and Lutherans have observed this season with a serene, earnest attitude. Special days of eucharistic communion were set aside on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Lutheranism&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0810874824&rft.aulast=Gassmann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft.au=Oldenburg%2C+Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHines-Brigger" class="citation web cs1">Hines-Brigger, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331090237/https://www.franciscanmedia.org/lent-more-than-just-giving-up-something/">"Lent: More Than Just Giving Up Something"</a>. Franciscan Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franciscanmedia.org/lent-more-than-just-giving-up-something/">the original</a> on 31 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent%3A+More+Than+Just+Giving+Up+Something&rft.pub=Franciscan+Media&rft.aulast=Hines-Brigger&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscanmedia.org%2Flent-more-than-just-giving-up-something%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler1839" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Alban (1839). <i>The Moveable Feasts, Fasts, and Other Annual Observances of the Catholic Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>: James Duffy. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>146. <q>The primitive Christians in Lent broke their fast only after sunset, and then usually only with herbs, roots, and bread. At least all were obliged to abstain not only from flesh meat, but also from fish, and whatever had life; also whatever is derived from flesh, as eggs, milk, cheese, butter, according to the ancient canon. Likewise from wine, which in the primitive ages was no less forbidden on all fasting days than the use of flesh meat itself ... Some mitigations were introduced in part of abstinence in the sixth century ... Fish was in the same age allowed, but not of the dearer and more dainty kinds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Moveable+Feasts%2C+Fasts%2C+and+Other+Annual+Observances+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E146&rft.pub=James+Duffy&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiernan-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kiernan_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiernan_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler1774" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Alban (1774). <i>The Moveable Feasts, Fasts, and Other Annual Observances of the Catholic Church</i>. C. Kiernan. p. 257. <q>It is undoubted, that anciently to drink on fasting days was no less forbid than to eat, only in the refection after sunset.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Moveable+Feasts%2C+Fasts%2C+and+Other+Annual+Observances+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=C.+Kiernan&rft.date=1774&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cléir2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cléir2017_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cléir2017_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCléir2017" class="citation book cs1">Cléir, Síle de (2017). <i>Popular Catholicism in 20th-Century Ireland: Locality, Identity and Culture</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1350020603" title="Special:BookSources/978-1350020603"><bdi>978-1350020603</bdi></a>. <q>Catherine Bell outlines the details of fasting and abstinence in a historical context, stating that the Advent fast was usually less severe than that carried out in Lent, which originally involved just one meal a day, not to be eaten until after sunset.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Catholicism+in+20th-Century+Ireland%3A+Locality%2C+Identity+and+Culture&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1350020603&rft.aulast=Cl%C3%A9ir&rft.aufirst=S%C3%ADle+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samaan2024-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samaan2024_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamaan2009" class="citation web cs1">Samaan, Moses (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacopts.org/story/the-meaning-of-the-great-lent/">"The Meaning of the Great Lent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Los_Angeles,_Southern_California,_and_Hawaii" title="Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii">Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Church teaches us to fast until sunset. Fish is not allowed during this period. Also married couples should refrain from physical relations to give themselves time for fasting and prayer (1 Cor. 7: 5). We would like to emphasize the importance of the period of strict abstention during fasting. It is refraining from eating and drinking for a period of time, followed by eating vegetarian food.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Great+Lent&rft.pub=Coptic+Orthodox+Diocese+of+Los+Angeles%2C+Southern+California%2C+and+Hawaii&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft.aulast=Samaan&rft.aufirst=Moses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacopts.org%2Fstory%2Fthe-meaning-of-the-great-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crumm-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crumm_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crumm_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrumm" class="citation book cs1">Crumm, David. <i>Our Lent, 2nd Edition</i>. David Crumm Media LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1934879504" title="Special:BookSources/978-1934879504"><bdi>978-1934879504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Lent%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pub=David+Crumm+Media+LLC&rft.isbn=978-1934879504&rft.aulast=Crumm&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmbroseCraig-Wild2007-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmbroseCraig-Wild2007_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmbroseCraig-WildCravenMoger2007" class="citation book cs1">Ambrose, Gill; Craig-Wild, Peter; Craven, Diane; Moger, Peter (2007). <i>Together for a Season</i>. Church House Publishing. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0715140635" title="Special:BookSources/978-0715140635"><bdi>978-0715140635</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Together+for+a+Season&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Church+House+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0715140635&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Gill&rft.au=Craig-Wild%2C+Peter&rft.au=Craven%2C+Diane&rft.au=Moger%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411120450/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97">"General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 19"</a>. Catholicliturgy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97">the original</a> on 11 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Norms+for+the+Liturgical+Year+and+the+Calendar%2C+19&rft.pub=Catholicliturgy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicliturgy.com%2Findex.cfm%2FFuseAction%2FdocumentText%2FIndex%2F2%2FSubIndex%2F38%2FContentIndex%2F101%2FStart%2F97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knowlton2004-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knowlton2004_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnowlton2004" class="citation book cs1">Knowlton, MaryLee (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761418542/page/125"><i>Macedonia</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761418542/page/125">125</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761418542" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761418542"><bdi>978-0761418542</bdi></a>. <q>Traditionally, as in many Christian countries, the carnival marked the beginning of Lent, which ushered in a six-week period of fasting for Christians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macedonia&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0761418542&rft.aulast=Knowlton&rft.aufirst=MaryLee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780761418542%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204125151/http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/lente1">"lente (voorjaar)"</a>. <i>etymologiebank.nl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/lente1">the original</a> on 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymologiebank.nl&rft.atitle=lente+%28voorjaar%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymologiebank.nl%2Ftrefwoord%2Flente1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conte2001-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conte2001_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conte2001_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conte2001_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conte2001_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConte2001" class="citation book cs1">Conte, Jeanne (2001). <i>Lenten Reflections</i>. Nova Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56072-737-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56072-737-8"><bdi>978-1-56072-737-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenten+Reflections&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56072-737-8&rft.aulast=Conte&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kellner1908-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellner1908_39-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKellner1908" class="citation book cs1">Kellner, Karl Adam Heinrich (1908). <i>Heortology: A History of the Christian Festivals from Their Origin to the Present Day</i>. K. Paul. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heortology%3A+A+History+of+the+Christian+Festivals+from+Their+Origin+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=K.+Paul&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Kellner&rft.aufirst=Karl+Adam+Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nampon1869-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nampon1869_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nampon1869_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNampon1869" class="citation book cs1">Nampon, Adrien (1869). <i>Catholic Doctrine as Defined by the Council of Trent: Expounded in a Series of Conferences Delivered in Geneva Proposed as a Means of Reuniting All Christians</i>. P. F. Cunningham. p. 688.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Doctrine+as+Defined+by+the+Council+of+Trent%3A+Expounded+in+a+Series+of+Conferences+Delivered+in+Geneva+Proposed+as+a+Means+of+Reuniting+All+Christians&rft.pages=688&rft.pub=P.+F.+Cunningham&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Nampon&rft.aufirst=Adrien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keenan1899-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keenan1899_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeenan1899" class="citation book cs1">Keenan, Stephen (1899). <i>A Doctrinal Catechism: Wherein Divers Points of Catholic Faith and Practice Assailed by Modern Heretics, are Sustained by an Appeal to the Holy Scriptures, the Testimony of the Ancient Fathers, and the Dictates of Reason, on the Basis of Scheffmacher's Catechism. by the Rev. Stephen Kennan</i>. P.J. Kenedy. pp. <span class="nowrap">178–</span>179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Doctrinal+Catechism%3A+Wherein+Divers+Points+of+Catholic+Faith+and+Practice+Assailed+by+Modern+Heretics%2C+are+Sustained+by+an+Appeal+to+the+Holy+Scriptures%2C+the+Testimony+of+the+Ancient+Fathers%2C+and+the+Dictates+of+Reason%2C+on+the+Basis+of+Scheffmacher%27s+Catechism.+by+the+Rev.+Stephen+Kennan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E178-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=P.J.+Kenedy&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Keenan&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russo2013-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russo2013_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russo2013_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRusso2013" class="citation web cs1">Russo, Nicholas V. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/193181.pdf">"The Early History of Lent"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+Lent&rft.pub=The+Center+for+Christian+Ethics+at+Baylor+University&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baylor.edu%2Fcontent%2Fservices%2Fdocument.php%2F193181.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Chapman1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">John Chapman (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Didache"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Didache">"Didache" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Didache&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=John+Chapman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bradshaw, Paul F. (1993). "Diem baptismo sollemniorem: Initiation and Easter in Christian Antiquity". In Carr, E.; Parenti, S.; Thiermeyer, A.A.; Velkovska, E. (eds.). <i>ΕΥΛΟΓΗΜΑ. Studies in honor of Robert Taft, S J</i>. Analecta Liturgica, 17. Rome: Studia Anselmiana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diem+baptismo+sollemniorem%3A+Initiation+and+Easter+in+Christian+Antiquity&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CE%A5%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91.+Studies+in+honor+of+Robert+Taft%2C+S+J.&rft.place=Rome&rft.series=Analecta+Liturgica%2C+17&rft.pub=Studia+Anselmiana&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGassmannOldenburg2011" class="citation book cs1">Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (10 October 2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810874824" title="Special:BookSources/9780810874824"><bdi>9780810874824</bdi></a>. <q>The Council of Nicea (325) for the first time mentioned Lent as a period of 40 days of fasting in preparation for Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Lutheranism&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.isbn=9780810874824&rft.aulast=Gassmann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft.au=Oldenburg%2C+Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilippart2013" class="citation web cs1">Philippart, David (27 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228022920/http://www.uscatholic.org/node/425">"If Lent is 40 days, why are there 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Claretians#Publications" title="Claretians">U.S. Catholic</a></i>. The Claretians. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscatholic.org/node/425">the original</a> on 28 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Catholic&rft.atitle=If+Lent+is+40+days%2C+why+are+there+46+days+between+Ash+Wednesday+and+Easter%3F&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.aulast=Philippart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscatholic.org%2Fnode%2F425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOnline" class="citation web cs1">Online, Catholic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/lent/faq.php">"FAQs About Lent - Easter / Lent"</a>. <i>Catholic Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Online&rft.atitle=FAQs+About+Lent+-+Easter+%2F+Lent&rft.aulast=Online&rft.aufirst=Catholic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Flent%2Ffaq.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vatican.va-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vatican.va_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html">"Sacrosanctum concilium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sacrosanctum+concilium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thouret-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thouret_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thouret_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212552/http://www.adorazioneeucaristica.it/S.%20Ambrogio/Quaresima%20rito%20Ambrosiano.pdf">"Il Tempo di Quaresima nel rito Ambrosiano"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). Parrocchia S. Giovanna Antida Thouret. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adorazioneeucaristica.it/S.%20Ambrogio/Quaresima%20rito%20Ambrosiano.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Tempo+di+Quaresima+nel+rito+Ambrosiano&rft.pub=Parrocchia+S.+Giovanna+Antida+Thouret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adorazioneeucaristica.it%2FS.%2520Ambrogio%2FQuaresima%2520rito%2520Ambrosiano.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RC-en-lent-duration-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RC-en-lent-duration_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbert1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbert, Thurston (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Lent"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Lent">"Lent" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lent&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Thurston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span> See paragraph: Duration of the Fast</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Initii-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Initii_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Initii_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The "Secret of the Mass" in the First Sunday of Lent – "<i>Sacrificium Quadragesimalis Initii</i>", Missale Romanum Ambrosianus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuber, Stanley I. (1960). New Revised edition. <i>Primer on Roman Catholicism for Protestants: an Appraisal of the Basic Differences between the Roman Catholic Church and Protestantism.</i> New York: Association Press. p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luther_League_of_America-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luther_League_of_America_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Roman and the Lutheran Observance of Lent</i>. Luther League of America. 1920. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+and+the+Lutheran+Observance+of+Lent&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Luther+League+of+America&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/what-is-lent-and-why-does-it-last-forty-days"><i>What is Lent and why does it last forty days?</i></a>. The United Methodist Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Lent is a season of forty days, not counting Sundays, which begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Saturday. Sundays in Lent are not counted in the forty days because each Sunday represents a "mini-Easter" and the reverent spirit of Lent is tempered with joyful anticipation of the Resurrection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Lent+and+why+does+it+last+forty+days%3F&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fwhat-is-lent-and-why-does-it-last-forty-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140401/https://newhopemoravian.org/holy-days.html">"Moravian Passion Week"</a>. New Hope Moravian Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newhopemoravian.org/holy-days.html">the original</a> on 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>Lent begins with Ash Wednesday and ends with the conclusion of the Great Sabbath (Holy Saturday to Easter Eve) - a span of forty days on the church calendar, excluding Sundays.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moravian+Passion+Week&rft.pub=New+Hope+Moravian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newhopemoravian.org%2Fholy-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Northwestern_Publishing_House-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Northwestern_Publishing_House_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Northwestern Lutheran, Volumes 60–61</i>. Northwestern Publishing House. 1973. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northwestern+Lutheran%2C+Volumes+60%E2%80%9361&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Northwestern+Publishing+House&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kitch_130-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kitch_130_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKitch2003" class="citation book cs1">Kitch, Anne E. (2003). <i>The Anglican Family Prayer Book</i>. Church Publishing, Inc. p. 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglican+Family+Prayer+Book&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kitch&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenton-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenton_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFenton" class="citation web cs1">Fenton, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiochian.org/node/25432">"The Holy Season of Lent in the Western Tradition"</a>. Western Rite of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Season+of+Lent+in+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pub=Western+Rite+of+the+Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese+of+North+America&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiochian.org%2Fnode%2F25432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://united-church.ca/worship-liturgical-season/first-sunday-lent">"First Sunday in Lent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>. 21 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Sunday+in+Lent&rft.pub=United+Church+of+Canada&rft.date=2021-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funited-church.ca%2Fworship-liturgical-season%2Ffirst-sunday-lent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covenantchicago.org/lent/">"The Meaning of Lent"</a>. Covenant Presbyterian Church of Chicago<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Lent&rft.pub=Covenant+Presbyterian+Church+of+Chicago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcovenantchicago.org%2Flent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pilgrimcongregational.org/lent-and-easter/">"Lent and Easter"</a>. Pilgrim Congregational Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent+and+Easter&rft.pub=Pilgrim+Congregational+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpilgrimcongregational.org%2Flent-and-easter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Episcopal_Church1979" class="citation book cs1">The Episcopal Church (1979). <i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. New York: The Church Hymnal Corporation. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=The+Church+Hymnal+Corporation&rft.date=1979&rft.au=The+Episcopal+Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Episcopal_Church1979" class="citation book cs1">The Episcopal Church (1979). <i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. The Church Hymnal Corporation. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=The+Church+Hymnal+Corporation&rft.date=1979&rft.au=The+Episcopal+Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiochian.org/fasting-great-lent">"Fasting and Great Lent – Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese"</a>. <i>Antiochian.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antiochian.org&rft.atitle=Fasting+and+Great+Lent+%E2%80%93+Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiochian.org%2Ffasting-great-lent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw2017-03-22-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw2017-03-22_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Jeffrey2017" class="citation news cs1">James Jeffrey (22 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/ethiopia-fasting-for-55-days/g-38067533">"Ethiopia: fasting for 55 days"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%3A+fasting+for+55+days&rft.date=2017-03-22&rft.au=James+Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fethiopia-fasting-for-55-days%2Fg-38067533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nenewe-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nenewe_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debreselam.net/index/?p=789">"Tsome Nenewe (The Fast of Nineveh)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>: Debre Selam Medhanealem Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. 28 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150405110705/http://www.debreselam.net/index?p=789">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tsome+Nenewe+%28The+Fast+of+Nineveh%29&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Debre+Selam+Medhanealem+Ethiopian+Orthodox+Tewahedo+Church&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debreselam.net%2Findex%2F%3Fp%3D789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arega-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arega_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobel_Arega" class="citation web cs1">Robel Arega. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331025244/http://eotcmk.org/site-en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=1">"Fasting in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church"</a>. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Sunday School Department – Mahibere Kidusan. Why Fifty-Five Days?. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eotcmk.org/site-en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=1">the original</a> on 31 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fasting+in+the+Ethiopian+Orthodox+Church&rft.pages=Why+Fifty-Five+Days%3F&rft.pub=Ethiopian+Orthodox+Tewahedo+Church+Sunday+School+Department+%E2%80%93+Mahibere+Kidusan&rft.au=Robel+Arega&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feotcmk.org%2Fsite-en%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D56%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DLC2021-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DLC2021_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udlc.org/lenten-micropractices">"Lenten Micro-Practices"</a>. Upper Dublin Lutheran Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>Traditionally, there are three pillars of Lent: praying, fasting, and almsgiving, which come to us from Matthew 6:1-18.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lenten+Micro-Practices&rft.pub=Upper+Dublin+Lutheran+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudlc.org%2Flenten-micropractices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JKelvey2018-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JKelvey2018_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JKelvey2018_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelvey2018" class="citation web cs1">Kelvey, Jon (13 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/news/cc-shrove-tuesday-pancakes-20180213-story.html">"Strawbridge United Methodist keeps Shrove Tuesday pancake tradition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Strawbridge+United+Methodist+keeps+Shrove+Tuesday+pancake+tradition&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Kelvey&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fmaryland%2Fcarroll%2Fnews%2Fcc-shrove-tuesday-pancakes-20180213-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELCD2021-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCD2021_70-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutheranchurch.dk/liturgy-and-worship/festivals-and-traditions/shrovetide">"Shrovetide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shrovetide&rft.pub=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+in+Denmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lutheranchurch.dk%2Fliturgy-and-worship%2Ffestivals-and-traditions%2Fshrovetide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beadle1994-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beadle1994_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeadle1994" class="citation book cs1">Beadle, Richard (17 March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00rich_1/page/69"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Theatre</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00rich_1/page/69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521459167" title="Special:BookSources/9780521459167"><bdi>9780521459167</bdi></a>. <q>One of these was the pre-Lent Carnival extravaganza of Shrovetide, though this seems to have been celebrated to a much lesser extent in Britain than it was (and still is) on the continent: however, we know of English Shrovetide plays, and <i>Mankind</i> bears signs of being one of them (<i>335</i>).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Medieval+English+Theatre&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994-03-17&rft.isbn=9780521459167&rft.aulast=Beadle&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompani00rich_1%2Fpage%2F69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thaler2020-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thaler2020_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThaler2020" class="citation web cs1">Thaler, Shmuel (26 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2020/02/26/photo-lunch-marks-beginning-of-lent/">"Lunch marks beginning of Lent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Sentinel" title="Santa Cruz Sentinel">Santa Cruz Sentinel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>Shrove Tuesday is observed by many Christians, including Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and Roman Catholics who make a special point of self-examination, of considering what wrongs they need to repent, and what amendments of life or areas of spiritual growth they especially need to ask God's help in dealing with.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lunch+marks+beginning+of+Lent&rft.pub=Santa+Cruz+Sentinel&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Thaler&rft.aufirst=Shmuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.santacruzsentinel.com%2F2020%2F02%2F26%2Fphoto-lunch-marks-beginning-of-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker2011-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walker2011_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2011" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Katie (7 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214030411/http://articles.dailyamerican.com/2011-03-07/news/29155052_1_pancake-dinner-pancake-day-shrove">"Shrove Tuesday inspires unique church traditions"</a>. Daily American. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.dailyamerican.com/2011-03-07/news/29155052_1_pancake-dinner-pancake-day-shrove">the original</a> on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>. <q>Many local churches will celebrate Shrove Tuesday tomorrow, a day of feasting commonly known as "pancake day." Shrove Tuesday is typically observed by Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist and Catholic denominations, but each church celebrates the day in its own, unique way. The Rev. Lenny Anderson of the St. Francis-in-the-Fields Episcopal Church in Somerset said the primary focus of Shrove Tuesday is to prepare for Lent, the period of the liturgical year leading up to Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shrove+Tuesday+inspires+unique+church+traditions&rft.pub=Daily+American&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.dailyamerican.com%2F2011-03-07%2Fnews%2F29155052_1_pancake-dinner-pancake-day-shrove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806074002/https://www.timesreporter.com/news/20200218/good-day">"Shrove Tuesday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times-Reporter" title="The Times-Reporter">The Times-Reporter</a>. 18 February 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesreporter.com/news/20200218/good-day">the original</a> on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shrove+Tuesday&rft.pub=The+Times-Reporter&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesreporter.com%2Fnews%2F20200218%2Fgood-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melitta_Weiss_Adamson,_Francine_Segan_2008-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melitta_Weiss_Adamson,_Francine_Segan_2008_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelitta_Weiss_Adamson,_Francine_Segan2008" class="citation book cs1">Melitta Weiss Adamson, Francine Segan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPDIx6WWuOQC&q=Anglican+Mardi+Gras&pg=PA354"><i>Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313086892" title="Special:BookSources/9780313086892"><bdi>9780313086892</bdi></a>. <q>In Anglican countries, Mardis Gras is known as <i>Shrove Tuesday</i>—from <i>shrive</i> meaning "confess"—or <i>Pancake Day</i>—after the breakfast food that symbolizes one final hearty meal of eggs, butter, milk and sugar before the fast. On Ash Wednesday, the morning after Mardi Gras, repentant Christians return to church to receive upon the forehead the sign of the cross in ashes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entertaining+from+Ancient+Rome+to+the+Super+Bowl&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780313086892&rft.au=Melitta+Weiss+Adamson%2C+Francine+Segan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPDIx6WWuOQC%26q%3DAnglican%2BMardi%2BGras%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-43044272">"Pancake Day: Why Shrove Tuesday is a thing"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pancake+Day%3A+Why+Shrove+Tuesday+is+a+thing&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsbeat-43044272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mortimer2016-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mortimer2016_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2016" class="citation web cs1">Mortimer, Caroline (10 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lent-2016-the-top-10-things-most-people-will-try-to-give-up-a6865181.html">"The top 10 things most people will (try) to give up for Lent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>Ash Wednesday marks the beginning of Lent - the festival where people give up a guilty pleasure for 40 days until Easter Sunday. Lent marks the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+top+10+things+most+people+will+%28try%29+to+give+up+for+Lent&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Flent-2016-the-top-10-things-most-people-will-try-to-give-up-a6865181.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDuff2013-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDuff2013_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDuff2013" class="citation web cs1">McDuff, Mallory (4 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sojo.net/articles/lenten-reflections/after-giving-alcohol-i-m-addicted-lent">"After Giving up Alcohol, I'm Addicted to Lent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sojourners" title="Sojourners">Sojourners</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+Giving+up+Alcohol%2C+I%27m+Addicted+to+Lent&rft.pub=Sojourners&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft.aulast=McDuff&rft.aufirst=Mallory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsojo.net%2Farticles%2Flenten-reflections%2Fafter-giving-alcohol-i-m-addicted-lent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bekhechi2017-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bekhechi2017_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBekhechi2017" class="citation web cs1">Bekhechi, Mimi (1 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/vegetarian-vegan-giving-meat-lent-why-and-how-do-it-a7606031.html">"This is why you should go vegetarian or vegan for Lent and how to do it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=This+is+why+you+should+go+vegetarian+or+vegan+for+Lent+and+how+to+do+it&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Bekhechi&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fvegetarian-vegan-giving-meat-lent-why-and-how-do-it-a7606031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/what-is-shrove-tuesday-meaning-and-holiday-date.html">"What is Shrove Tuesday? Meaning, Traditions, and 2021 Date"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity.com" title="Christianity.com">Christianity.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>While undergoing a Lenten sacrifice, it is helpful to pray for strength; and encouraging fellow Christians in their fast saying, for example: "May God bless your Lenten sacrifice."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Shrove+Tuesday%3F+Meaning%2C+Traditions%2C+and+2021+Date&rft.pub=Christianity.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianity.com%2Fwiki%2Fholidays%2Fwhat-is-shrove-tuesday-meaning-and-holiday-date.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/series/ash-wednesday-practice-and-meaning/">"Ash Wednesday: What Is Ash Wednesday? How Do We Observe It? Why Should We?"</a>. Patheos.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ash+Wednesday%3A+What+Is+Ash+Wednesday%3F+How+Do+We+Observe+It%3F+Why+Should+We%3F&rft.pub=Patheos.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patheos.com%2Fblogs%2Fmarkdroberts%2Fseries%2Fash-wednesday-practice-and-meaning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219030310/http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=54122&cid=690">"An Ecofeminist Perspective on Ash Wednesday and Lent"</a>. Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=54122&cid=690">the original</a> on 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Ecofeminist+Perspective+on+Ash+Wednesday+and+Lent&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Verlagsgruppe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterlang.com%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3Dcmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten%26seitentyp%3Dprodukt%26pk%3D54122%26cid%3D690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHebden2014" class="citation news cs1">Hebden, Keith (3 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/03/lent-food-hunger-fasting-britain">"This Lent I will eat no food, to highlight the hunger all around us"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=This+Lent+I+will+eat+no+food%2C+to+highlight+the+hunger+all+around+us&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft.aulast=Hebden&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Fmar%2F03%2Flent-food-hunger-fasting-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiLallo2014" class="citation web cs1">DiLallo, Matt (2 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/03/02/believe-it-or-not-catholics-observing-lent-save-ou.aspx">"Believe it or Not, Catholics Observing Lent Save Our Environment"</a>. Fool.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Believe+it+or+Not%2C+Catholics+Observing+Lent+Save+Our+Environment&rft.pub=Fool.com&rft.date=2014-03-02&rft.aulast=DiLallo&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Finvesting%2Fgeneral%2F2014%2F03%2F02%2Fbelieve-it-or-not-catholics-observing-lent-save-ou.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinston2013" class="citation web cs1">Winston, Kimberly (18 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionnews.com/2013/03/18/after-giving-up-religion-atheists-try-giving-up-something-else-for-lent/">"After giving up religion, atheists try giving up something else for Lent"</a>. Religion News Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+giving+up+religion%2C+atheists+try+giving+up+something+else+for+Lent&rft.pub=Religion+News+Service&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.aulast=Winston&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionnews.com%2F2013%2F03%2F18%2Fafter-giving-up-religion-atheists-try-giving-up-something-else-for-lent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuérangerFromage1912-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GuérangerFromage1912_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuérangerFromage1912" class="citation book cs1">Guéranger, Prosper; Fromage, Lucien (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8RJDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA7"><i>The Liturgical Year: Lent</i></a>. Burns, Oates & Washbourne. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2019</span>. <q>St. Benedict's rule prescribed a great many fasts, over and above the ecclesiastical fast of Lent; but it made this great distinction between the two: that whilst Lent obliged the monks, as well as the rest of the faithful, to abstain from food till sunset, these monastic fasts allowed the repast to be taken at the hour of None.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liturgical+Year%3A+Lent&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Burns%2C+Oates+%26+Washbourne&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9ranger&rft.aufirst=Prosper&rft.au=Fromage%2C+Lucien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8RJDAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Addis2020-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Addis2020_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAddis2020" class="citation news cs1">Addis, Richard (26 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theday.co.uk/stories/goodbye-to-tasty-treats-as-lent-begins">"Goodbye to tasty treats as Lent begins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_(website)" title="The Day (website)">The Day</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Day&rft.atitle=Goodbye+to+tasty+treats+as+Lent+begins&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Addis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheday.co.uk%2Fstories%2Fgoodbye-to-tasty-treats-as-lent-begins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaidi2022-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zaidi2022_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZaidi2022" class="citation web cs1">Zaidi, Hiyah (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalworld.com/culture/ash-wednesday-2023-christian-observance-when-shrove-tuesday-meaning-lent-3584972">"What is Ash Wednesday 2023? When is day, Lent meaning, what is mass - is it connected to Shrove Tuesday"</a>. National World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Some Christians choose to fast where Western Christians traditionally break the Lenten fast at sunset also known as the Black Fast. In countries such as India and Pakistan, some Christians fast until sunset on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with some manner of fasting within the 40 days of Lent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Ash+Wednesday+2023%3F+When+is+day%2C+Lent+meaning%2C+what+is+mass+-+is+it+connected+to+Shrove+Tuesday&rft.pub=National+World&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Zaidi&rft.aufirst=Hiyah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalworld.com%2Fculture%2Fash-wednesday-2023-christian-observance-when-shrove-tuesday-meaning-lent-3584972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNS2013-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNS2013_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/lent-daniel-fast-gains-popularity_n_2640352.html">"Lent: Daniel Fast Gains Popularity"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. Religion News Service. 7 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>. <q>In some cases, entire churches do the Daniel Fast together during Lent. The idea strikes a chord in Methodist traditions, which trace their heritage to John Wesley, a proponent of fasting. Leaders in the African Methodist Episcopal Church have urged churchgoers to do the Daniel Fast together, and congregations from Washington to Pennsylvania and Maryland have joined in.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Lent%3A+Daniel+Fast+Gains+Popularity&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F02%2F07%2Flent-daniel-fast-gains-popularity_n_2640352.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMMRCC2021-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMMRCC2021_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413083647/http://www.stmarymagdalensa.org/daniel-fast-lent-2021/">"Daniel Fast – Lent 2021"</a>. St. Mary Magdalen Catholic Church. 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stmarymagdalensa.org/daniel-fast-lent-2021/">the original</a> on 13 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Fast+%E2%80%93+Lent+2021&rft.pub=St.+Mary+Magdalen+Catholic+Church&rft.date=2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmarymagdalensa.org%2Fdaniel-fast-lent-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinton2016-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hinton2016_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinton2016" class="citation web cs1">Hinton, Carla (20 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/religion/2016/02/20/fast-and-the-faithful-catholic-parish-oklahoma-takes-lenten-discipline-based-biblical-daniels-diet/60691130007/">"The Fast and the Faithful: Catholic parish in Oklahoma takes up Lenten discipline based on biblical Daniel's diet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman" title="The Oklahoman">The Oklahoman</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>Many parishioners at St. Philip Neri are participating in the Daniel fast, a religious diet program based on the fasting experiences of the Old Testament prophet Daniel. […] participating parishioners started the fast Ash Wednesday (Feb. 10) and will continue through Holy Saturday, the day before Easter Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fast+and+the+Faithful%3A+Catholic+parish+in+Oklahoma+takes+up+Lenten+discipline+based+on+biblical+Daniel%27s+diet&rft.pub=The+Oklahoman&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklahoman.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Freligion%2F2016%2F02%2F20%2Ffast-and-the-faithful-catholic-parish-oklahoma-takes-lenten-discipline-based-biblical-daniels-diet%2F60691130007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lighthouse2018-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lighthouse2018_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216003633/https://christsaviorchurch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/02-2018-Church-Bulletin_email-version.pdf">"The Lighthouse"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Christ the Savior Orthodox Church. 2018. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christsaviorchurch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/02-2018-Church-Bulletin_email-version.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lighthouse&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Christ+the+Savior+Orthodox+Church&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristsaviorchurch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2F02-2018-Church-Bulletin_email-version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Questions Regarding the Lenten Fast". <i>The Irish Ecclesiastical Record</i>. Browne and Nolan: 32. 1881.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Ecclesiastical+Record&rft.atitle=Questions+Regarding+the+Lenten+Fast&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELCA1978-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA1978_94-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeitzel1978" class="citation web cs1">Weitzel, Thomas L. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164940/http://www.ststephenlutheranchurch.org/pdf/Disciplines%20of%20Lent-%20Handbook.pdf">"A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ststephenlutheranchurch.org/pdf/Disciplines%20of%20Lent-%20Handbook.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+for+the+Discipline+of+Lent&rft.pub=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+in+America&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Weitzel&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ststephenlutheranchurch.org%2Fpdf%2FDisciplines%2520of%2520Lent-%2520Handbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gavitt1991-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gavitt1991_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gavitt1991_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGavitt1991" class="citation book cs1">Gavitt, Loren Nichols (1991). <i>Traditional Saint Augustine's Prayer Book: A Book of Devotion for Members of the Anglican Communion</i>. 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Statement from the Bishops of England and Wales on Canons 1249–1253"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fasting+and+Abstinence.+Statement+from+the+Bishops+of+England+and+Wales+on+Canons+1249%E2%80%931253&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liturgyoffice.org.uk%2FResources%2FPenance%2FAbstinence.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14929199">"Catholics asked to abstain from meat for Friday penance"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Catholics+asked+to+abstain+from+meat+for+Friday+penance&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-14929199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/vexperts/showresult.asp?RecNum=639219&Forums=0&Experts=0&Days=2009&Author=&Keyword=fasting&pgnu=1&groupnum=0&record_bookmark=1">"EWTN Q & A, Response"</a>. <i>Ewtn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ewtn.com&rft.atitle=EWTN+Q+%26+A%2C+Response&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fvexperts%2Fshowresult.asp%3FRecNum%3D639219%26Forums%3D0%26Experts%3D0%26Days%3D2009%26Author%3D%26Keyword%3Dfasting%26pgnu%3D1%26groupnum%3D0%26record_bookmark%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/liturgical-year/lent/questions-and-answers-about-lent.cfm">"Questions and Answers about Lent and Lenten Practices"</a>. <i>usccb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usccb.org&rft.atitle=Questions+and+Answers+about+Lent+and+Lenten+Practices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fliturgical-year%2Flent%2Fquestions-and-answers-about-lent.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMRI2018-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMRI2018_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmri-maine.org/2018/11/17/fasting-and-abstinence/">"The Church Laws of Fast and Abstinence"</a>. Saint Theresa's Roman Catholic Church. 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Church+Laws+of+Fast+and+Abstinence&rft.pub=Saint+Theresa%27s+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmri-maine.org%2F2018%2F11%2F17%2Ffasting-and-abstinence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEngber2006" class="citation web cs1">Engber, Daniel (15 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2138120/">"Thou Shalt Eat Corned Beef on Friday: Who Sets the Rules on Lent?"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Thou+Shalt+Eat+Corned+Beef+on+Friday%3A+Who+Sets+the+Rules+on+Lent%3F&rft.date=2006-03-15&rft.aulast=Engber&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2138120%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HK-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HK_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307113330/http://www.catholic.org.hk/v2/en/know/aknow_02.html">"Penitential Days – Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org.hk/v2/en/know/aknow_02.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penitential+Days+%E2%80%93+Catholic+Diocese+of+Hong+Kong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org.hk%2Fv2%2Fen%2Fknow%2Faknow_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gassmann_180-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gassmann_180_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGassmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Gassmann, Günther (2001). <i>Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism</i>. Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810866201" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810866201"><bdi>978-0810866201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Lutheranism&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0810866201&rft.aulast=Gassmann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcms.org/pages/wPage.asp?ContentID=246&IssueID=19">What is the holiest season of the Church Year?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209190015/http://www.lcms.org/pages/wPage.asp?ContentID=246&IssueID=19">Archived</a> 9 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 3 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209190015/http://www.lcms.org/pages/wPage.asp?ContentID=246&IssueID=19">Archived copy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatch1978-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hatch1978_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHatch1978" class="citation book cs1">Hatch, Jane M. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/163"><i>The American Book of Days</i></a>. Wilson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/163">163</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824205935" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824205935"><bdi>978-0824205935</bdi></a>. <q>Special religious services are held on Ash Wednesday by the Church of England, and in the United States by Episcopal, Lutheran, and some other Protestant churches. The Episcopal Church prescribes no rules concerning fasting on Ash Wednesday, which is carried out according to members' personal wishes; however, it recommends a measure of fasting and abstinence as a suitable means of marking the day with proper devotion. Among Lutherans as well, there are no set rules for fasting, although some local congregations may advocate this form of penitence in varying degrees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Book+of+Days&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Wilson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0824205935&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.aufirst=Jane+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanbookofda00hatc%2Fpage%2F163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pfatteicher1990-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pfatteicher1990_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPfatteicher1990" class="citation book cs1">Pfatteicher, Philip H. (1990). <i>Commentary on the Lutheran Book of Worship: Lutheran Liturgy in Its Ecumenical Context</i>. Augsburg Fortress Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">223–</span>244, 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0800603922" title="Special:BookSources/978-0800603922"><bdi>978-0800603922</bdi></a>. <q>The Good Friday fast became the principal fast in the calendar, and even after the Reformation in Germany many Lutherans who observed no other fast scrupulously kept Good Friday with strict fasting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+Lutheran+Book+of+Worship%3A+Lutheran+Liturgy+in+Its+Ecumenical+Context&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E244%2C+260&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0800603922&rft.aulast=Pfatteicher&rft.aufirst=Philip+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JacobsHaas1899-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JacobsHaas1899_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacobsHaas1899" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Haas, John Augustus William (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_93ErAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Lutheran Cyclopedia</i></a>. Scribner. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_93ErAAAAYAAJ/page/n126">110</a>. <q>By many Lutherans Good Friday is observed as a strict fast. The lessons on Ash Wednesday emphasize the proper idea of the fast. The Sundays in Lent receive their names from the first words of their Introits in the Latin service, Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Lcetare, Judica.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lutheran+Cyclopedia&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Henry+Eyster&rft.au=Haas%2C+John+Augustus+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_93ErAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lcms.org/about/beliefs/faqs/worship-and-congregational-life">"Frequently Asked Questions — Worship & Congregational Life"</a>. Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%94+Worship+%26+Congregational+Life&rft.pub=Lutheran+Church%E2%80%93Missouri+Synod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcms.org%2Fabout%2Fbeliefs%2Ffaqs%2Fworship-and-congregational-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetesen2018" class="citation web cs1">Petesen, David (13 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://witness.lcms.org/2018/what-to-give-up-for-lent">"What to Give up for Lent?"</a>. Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+to+Give+up+for+Lent%3F&rft.pub=Lutheran+Church%E2%80%93Missouri+Synod&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Petesen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwitness.lcms.org%2F2018%2Fwhat-to-give-up-for-lent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHMC2021-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHMC2021_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140401/https://newhopemoravian.org/holy-days.html">"Lent: 40 Days of Spiritual Renewal"</a>. New Hope Moravian Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newhopemoravian.org/holy-days.html">the original</a> on 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent%3A+40+Days+of+Spiritual+Renewal&rft.pub=New+Hope+Moravian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newhopemoravian.org%2Fholy-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalvin1536" class="citation book cs1">Calvin, John (1536). <i>Institutes of the Christian Religion</i>. Translated by Beveridge, Henry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutes+of+the+Christian+Religion&rft.date=1536&rft.aulast=Calvin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutherford1643" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Samuel (1643). <i>Lex, Rex, Or The Law And The Prince: A Dispute For The Just Prerogative Of King And People</i>. p. 181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lex%2C+Rex%2C+Or+The+Law+And+The+Prince%3A+A+Dispute+For+The+Just+Prerogative+Of+King+And+People&rft.pages=181&rft.date=1643&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Directory for the Public Worship of God</i>. Chapter XIV: The Westminster Assembly. 1645.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+for+the+Public+Worship+of+God&rft.place=Chapter+XIV&rft.pub=The+Westminster+Assembly&rft.date=1645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._Scott_Clark" title="R. Scott Clark">Clark, R. Scott</a> (14 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heidelblog.net/2017/03/with-the-reformed-pubcast-on-lent-and-sola-scriptura">"With The Reformed Pubcast On Lent And Sola Scriptura"</a>. The Heidelblog. <q>According to the western church calendar this is the Lenten season (the 40 days from 'Shrove Tuesday' to Easter) and it is being more widely observed within NAPARC. This is worth noting since, historically, most Reformed churches have not observed Lent and have often confessed against it as an infringement of Christian liberty and contrary to the formal principle of the Reformation, <i>sola scriptura</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=With+The+Reformed+Pubcast+On+Lent+And+Sola+Scriptura&rft.pub=The+Heidelblog&rft.date=2017-03-14&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheidelblog.net%2F2017%2F03%2Fwith-the-reformed-pubcast-on-lent-and-sola-scriptura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCA2018-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCA2018_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rca.org/resources/ash-wednesday">"Ash Wednesday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ash+Wednesday&rft.pub=Reformed+Church+in+America&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rca.org%2Fresources%2Fash-wednesday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RipleyDana1883-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RipleyDana1883_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RipleyDana1883_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1883" class="citation book cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancyclopa06danagoog"><i>The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary for General Knowledge</i></a>. D. Appleton and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancyclopa06danagoog/page/n108">101</a>. <q>The Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, and Reformed churches, as well as many Methodists, observe the day by fasting and special services.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclopaedia%3A+A+Popular+Dictionary+for+General+Knowledge&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Ripley&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Dana%2C+Charles+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancyclopa06danagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chisholm-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation book cs1">Chisholm, Hugh (1911). <i>Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information</i>. University Press. p. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+Literature+and+General+Information&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalnet.org/TRACTS/fasting.html">"The Church's Discipline as to Fasting and Abstinence"</a>. Anglican Communion<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Church%27s+Discipline+as+to+Fasting+and+Abstinence&rft.pub=Anglican+Communion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalnet.org%2FTRACTS%2Ffasting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbrahamKirby2009-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AbrahamKirby2009_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamKirby2009" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, William J.; Kirby, James E. (2009). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 257–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-160743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-160743-1"><bdi>978-0-19-160743-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Methodist+Studies&rft.pages=257-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-160743-1&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Kirby%2C+James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UMCFasting2017-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UMCFasting2017_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/what-does-the-united-methodist-church-say-about-fasting">"What does The United Methodist Church say about fasting?"</a>. The United Methodist Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+The+United+Methodist+Church+say+about+fasting%3F&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fwhat-does-the-united-methodist-church-say-about-fasting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChavez2010" class="citation web cs1">Chavez, Kathrin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umc.org/resources/lent-a-time-to-fast-and-pray">"Lent: A Time to Fast and Pray"</a>. The United Methodist Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent%3A+A+Time+to+Fast+and+Pray&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Kathrin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fresources%2Flent-a-time-to-fast-and-pray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umc.org/en/content/ask-the-umc-what-is-lent-and-why-does-it-last-forty-days">"What is Lent and why does it last forty days?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_United_Methodist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The United Methodist Church">The United Methodist Church</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Lent+and+why+does+it+last+forty+days%3F&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fask-the-umc-what-is-lent-and-why-does-it-last-forty-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wesley1825-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wesley1825_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Wesley1825" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> (1825). <i>The Sunday Service of the Methodists</i>. J. Kershaw. p. 145. <q><i>Days of Fasting or Abstinence</i> All the Fridays in the Year, except Christmas-Day</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sunday+Service+of+the+Methodists&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=J.+Kershaw&rft.date=1825&rft.au=John+Wesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKnight2010-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKnight2010_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKnight2010" class="citation book cs1">McKnight, Scot (2010). <i>Fasting: The Ancient Practices</i>. Thomas Nelson. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781418576134" title="Special:BookSources/9781418576134"><bdi>9781418576134</bdi></a>. <q>John Wesley, in his <i>Journal</i>, wrote on Friday, August 17, 1739, that "many of our society met, as we had appointed, at one in the afternoon and agreed that all members of our society should obey the Church to which we belong by observing 'all Fridays in the year' as 'days of fasting and abstinence.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fasting%3A+The+Ancient+Practices&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781418576134&rft.aulast=McKnight&rft.aufirst=Scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0224.htm#18">Exodus 24:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a19.htm#8">1 Kings 19:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0107.htm#4">Genesis 7:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0414.htm#33">Numbers 14:33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1703.htm#4">Jonah 3:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#4:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 4:1–2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#1:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 1:12–13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#4:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 4:1–2</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#9:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 9:15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lent & Beyond: Dr. Peter Toon – From Septuagesima to Quadragesima (web site gone, no alternate source found, originally cited 27 August 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.logosapostolic.org/bible_study/RP208-2ThreeDaysNights.htm"><i>Jesus Was Literally Three Days and Three Nights in the Grave</i></a>, www.logosapostolic.org<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Was+Literally+Three+Days+and+Three+Nights+in+the+Grave&rft.pub=www.logosapostolic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.logosapostolic.org%2Fbible_study%2FRP208-2ThreeDaysNights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurke2011" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Daniel (13 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/13/just-how-long-did-jesus-s_n_848872.html">"Just How Long Did Jesus Stay in the Tomb?"</a>. www.huffingtonpost.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Just+How+Long+Did+Jesus+Stay+in+the+Tomb%3F&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F04%2F13%2Fjust-how-long-did-jesus-s_n_848872.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinson1981-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hinson1981_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinson1981" class="citation book cs1">Hinson, E. Glenn (1981). <i>The Evangelization of the Roman Empire: Identity and Adaptability</i>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0865540149" title="Special:BookSources/978-0865540149"><bdi>978-0865540149</bdi></a>. <q>Like its parent, Judaism, earliest Christianity had a catechism for its converts, as much recent study has proven. […] Hippolytus required up to three years' instruction before baptism, shortened by a candidate's progress in developing Christian character.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evangelization+of+the+Roman+Empire%3A+Identity+and+Adaptability&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0865540149&rft.aulast=Hinson&rft.aufirst=E.+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vanspall2021-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vanspall2021_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanspall2021" class="citation web cs1">Vanspall, Julie (25 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bccatholic.ca/voices/julie-vanspall/the-benefits-of-discipline-even-giving-up-chocolate">"The benefits of discipline ... even giving up chocolate"</a>. The B.C. Catholic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2025</span>. <q>As a Lenten sacrifice, it can "train" me with a reminder to pray for someone with less, to give the money I would have spent on chocolate to someone in need, and to strive to live in gratitude for Christ's gift of salvation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+benefits+of+discipline+...+even+giving+up+chocolate&rft.pub=The+B.C.+Catholic&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.aulast=Vanspall&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbccatholic.ca%2Fvoices%2Fjulie-vanspall%2Fthe-benefits-of-discipline-even-giving-up-chocolate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anglicancompass.com/what-are-the-main-worship-services-during-lent-and-holy-week/">"What Are the Main Worship Services during Lent and Holy Week?"</a>. Anglican Compass. 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>If you are new to Lent, you can go to any Anglican, Lutheran, or Roman Catholic Church on Ash Wednesday. […] Many services on Palm Sunday begin with "the Procession of the Palms," where worshipers hold palm branches as they process into the church.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Are+the+Main+Worship+Services+during+Lent+and+Holy+Week%3F&rft.pub=Anglican+Compass&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanglicancompass.com%2Fwhat-are-the-main-worship-services-during-lent-and-holy-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstribune.info/story/news/2022/04/12/stations-cross-return-calvary-umc/7282990001/">"Stations of the Cross to return to Calvary UMC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Daily_News-Tribune" title="Mineral Daily News-Tribune">Mineral Daily News-Tribune</a>. 12 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stations+of+the+Cross+to+return+to+Calvary+UMC&rft.pub=Mineral+Daily+News-Tribune&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstribune.info%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2022%2F04%2F12%2Fstations-cross-return-calvary-umc%2F7282990001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsandsentinel.com/news/community-news/2022/04/stations-of-the-cross-walk-returning-to-parkersburg/">"Stations of the Cross Walk returning to Parkersburg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Parkersburg_News_and_Sentinel" title="The Parkersburg News and Sentinel">The Parkersburg News and Sentinel</a>. 5 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stations+of+the+Cross+Walk+returning+to+Parkersburg&rft.pub=The+Parkersburg+News+and+Sentinel&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsandsentinel.com%2Fnews%2Fcommunity-news%2F2022%2F04%2Fstations-of-the-cross-walk-returning-to-parkersburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Block2019-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Block2019_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlock2019" class="citation web cs1">Block, Mathew (24 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilc-online.org/2019/12/24/glory-to-god-in-the-highest-where-did-it-go/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Glory to God in the Highest" - Where Did it Go?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Glory+to+God+in+the+Highest%22+-+Where+Did+it+Go%3F&rft.pub=International+Lutheran+Council&rft.date=2019-12-24&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filc-online.org%2F2019%2F12%2F24%2Fglory-to-god-in-the-highest-where-did-it-go%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a>, 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Missal, Thursday of the Lord's Supper, 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/Why_don't_we_use_alleluias_during_Lent.pdf">"Why don't we use alleluias during Lent?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+don%27t+we+use+alleluias+during+Lent%3F&rft.pub=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+in+America&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.elca.org%2FELCA%2520Resource%2520Repository%2FWhy_don%27t_we_use_alleluias_during_Lent.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.2002-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.2002_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2002" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, J. Dudley Jr. (2002). <i>Presbyterian Worship: A Guide for Clergy</i>. Geneva Press. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664502188" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664502188"><bdi>978-0664502188</bdi></a>. <q>The alleluia is traditionally not sung during Lent, and, here at the first service of Easter, it is at last reintroduced to the church's liturgy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presbyterian+Worship%3A+A+Guide+for+Clergy&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Geneva+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0664502188&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=J.+Dudley+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBratcher2015" class="citation web cs1">Bratcher, Dennis (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crivoice.org/cyholyweek.html">"The Days of Holy Week"</a>. CRI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Days+of+Holy+Week&rft.pub=CRI&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Bratcher&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crivoice.org%2Fcyholyweek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gally1989-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gally1989_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGally1989" class="citation book cs1">Gally, Howard E. (1989). <i>Ceremonies of the Eucharist</i>. Cowley Publications. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461660521" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461660521"><bdi>978-1461660521</bdi></a>. <q>In recent decades there has been a revival of the ancient use of red (crimson or scarlet) for Holy Week among both Episcopalians and Lutherans. The Roman Rite has restored the use of red only on Palm Sunday and Good Friday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ceremonies+of+the+Eucharist&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Cowley+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1461660521&rft.aulast=Gally&rft.aufirst=Howard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Escue2000-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Escue2000_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEscue2000" class="citation web cs1">Escue, Doug (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodshepherdmankato.org/worship/lectionary/liturgyparts/liturgicalcolors/index.html">"The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd"</a>. Good Shepherd Lutheran Church & School<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lutheran+Church+of+the+Good+Shepherd&rft.pub=Good+Shepherd+Lutheran+Church+%26+School&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Escue&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodshepherdmankato.org%2Fworship%2Flectionary%2Fliturgyparts%2Fliturgicalcolors%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrohner" class="citation web cs1">Krohner, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avonunitedmethodist.com/content.cfm?id=423">"Lent"</a>. Memorial United Methodist Church. <q>The liturgical color is violet, except on Good Friday when it is black. You will see the violet on our minister (her stole), on the altar (the paraments), on the banner […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent&rft.pub=Memorial+United+Methodist+Church&rft.aulast=Krohner&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favonunitedmethodist.com%2Fcontent.cfm%3Fid%3D423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellner, K. A. H. (1908). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heortologyhistor00kelluoft/page/430">Heortology: A History of the Christian Festivals from Their Origin to the Present Day</a></i> Kegan Paul Trench Trubner & Co Limited. p. 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Church of England rubric states: "The colour for a particular service should reflect the predominant theme. If the Collect, Readings, etc. on a Lesser Festival are those of the saint, then either red (for a martyr) or white is used; otherwise, the colour of the season is retained." See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/media/41133/mvlectionary524-591.pdf">p. 532 here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/188063?redirectedFrom=Spy+Wednesday">"spy, <i>n</i>."</a>, <i>OED Online</i>, Oxford University Press, December 2013, <q>Spy Wednesday <i>n</i>. in Irish use, the Wednesday before Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=spy%2C+n.&rft.btitle=OED+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F188063%3FredirectedFrom%3DSpy%2BWednesday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPacker1893" class="citation web cs1">Packer, George Nichols (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UZA4AQAAMAAJ">"Our Calendar: The Julian Calendar and Its Errors, how Corrected by the Gregorian"</a>. Corning, NY: [The author]. p. 112<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2013</span>. <q>Spy Wednesday, so called in allusion to the betrayal of Christ by Judas, or the day on which he made the bargain to deliver Him into the hands of His enemies for 30 pieces of silver.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Calendar%3A+The+Julian+Calendar+and+Its+Errors%2C+how+Corrected+by+the+Gregorian&rft.place=Corning%2C+NY&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=%5BThe+author%5D&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=George+Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZA4AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">McNichol, Hugh (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=4225">"Spy Wednesday conversion to Holy Wednesday"</a>. Catholic Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spy+Wednesday+conversion+to+Holy+Wednesday&rft.pub=Catholic+Online&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=McNichol&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Ffeatured%2Fheadline.php%3FID%3D4225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006xp1x">"Programmes: Lent Talks"</a>. <i>BBC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Programmes%3A+Lent+Talks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb006xp1x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLennox2012" class="citation web cs1">Lennox, John (27 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314113608/http://www.rzim.eu/john-lennoxs-lent-talk-for-radio-4">"John Lennox's Lent Talk for Radio 4"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RZIM" class="mw-redirect" title="RZIM">RZIM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rzim.eu/john-lennoxs-lent-talk-for-radio-4">the original</a> on 14 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Lennox%27s+Lent+Talk+for+Radio+4&rft.pub=RZIM&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft.aulast=Lennox&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rzim.eu%2Fjohn-lennoxs-lent-talk-for-radio-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.be-salt.com/blog/lent-a-season-of-reflection-sacrifice-and-celebration/">"Lent: A Season of Reflection, Sacrifice, and Celebration"</a>. 6 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lent%3A+A+Season+of+Reflection%2C+Sacrifice%2C+and+Celebration&rft.date=2025-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.be-salt.com%2Fblog%2Flent-a-season-of-reflection-sacrifice-and-celebration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lent&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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Catholic Lent: Everything You Need for a More Spiritual Lent</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Easter_and_its_cycle85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Easter" title="Template:Easter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Easter" title="Template talk:Easter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Easter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Easter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Easter_and_its_cycle85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">its cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Thursday" title="Fat Thursday">Fat Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsiknopempti" title="Tsiknopempti">Tsiknopempti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Monday" title="Shrove Monday">Shrove Monday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosenmontag" title="Rosenmontag">Rosenmontag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Lent proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Lent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Lent">First Sunday of Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mothering_Sunday" title="Mothering Sunday">Mothering Sunday</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lenten_veil" title="Lenten veil">Lenten veil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenten_shrouds" title="Lenten shrouds">Lenten shrouds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passion (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Passion_hymns" title="List of Passion hymns">Passion hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria,_laus_et_honor" title="Gloria, laus et honor">Gloria, laus et honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosanna_filio_David" title="Hosanna filio David">Hosanna filio David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Singt_dem_K%C3%B6nig_Freudenpsalmen" title="Singt dem König Freudenpsalmen">Singt dem König Freudenpsalmen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Ferias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_in_Christian_art" title="Last Supper in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripping_of_the_Altar" title="Stripping of the Altar">Stripping of the Altar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_Thrinos" title="Epitaphios Thrinos">Encomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sepulchre" title="Easter Sepulchre">Easter Sepulchre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer" title="Good Friday prayer">Good Friday prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorzkie_%C5%BCale" title="Gorzkie żale">Gorzkie żale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99conka" title="Święconka">Święconka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">Holy Fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Christi" title="Lumen Christi">Lumen Christi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsultet" title="Exsultet">Exsultet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Christian_Initiation_of_Adults" class="mw-redirect" title="Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults">Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Judas" title="Burning of Judas">Burning of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">Processions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Popay%C3%A1n" title="Holy Week in Popayán">Popayán</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala" title="Holy Week processions in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Barcellona_Pozzo_di_Gotto" title="Holy Week in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto">Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Ruvo_di_Puglia" title="Holy Week in Ruvo di Puglia">Ruvo di Puglia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Week in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Mexico" title="Holy Week in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Taxco" title="Holy Week in Taxco">Taxco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Braga" title="Holy Week in Braga">Braga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Cuenca" title="Holy Week in Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_M%C3%A1laga" title="Holy Week in Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Santa_Cruz_de_La_Palma" title="Holy Week in Santa Cruz de La Palma">Santa Cruz de La Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Valladolid" title="Holy Week in Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Viveiro" title="Holy Week in Viveiro">Viveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Zamora" title="Holy Week in Zamora">Zamora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Day83" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Road to Emmaus">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_service" title="Sunrise service">Sunrise service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Date</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_for_Easter" title="List of dates for Easter">List of dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Calculation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Trikirion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bright_Week15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Week" title="Bright Week">Bright Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amigus-dyngus" title="Śmigus-dyngus">Śmigus-dyngus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_whip" title="Easter whip">Easter whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Wednesday">Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Thursday">Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Friday" title="Easter Friday">Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Saturday" title="Easter Saturday">Saturday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">Second Sunday of Easter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radonitsa" title="Radonitsa">Radonitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">Third Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">Fourth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Pentecost" title="Mid-Pentecost">Mid-Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">Fifth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Ascensiontide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascensiontide">Ascensiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias the Apostle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_traditions" title="Easter traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_basket" title="Easter basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Bunny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bilby" title="Easter Bilby">Bilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_seals_(philately)" title="Easter seals (philately)">Easter seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_food" title="Easter food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_Egg_play" title="Pace Egg play">Pace Egg play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_postcard" title="Easter postcard">Postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouketopolemos" title="Rouketopolemos">Rouketopolemos</a></li> <li>Saitopolemos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoppio_del_carro" title="Scoppio del carro">Scoppio del carro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter eggs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_dance" title="Egg dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating_in_Slavic_culture" title="Egg decorating in Slavic culture">in Slavic culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterbrunnen" title="Osterbrunnen">Osterbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_tree" title="Easter egg tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisanica_(Croatian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanica (Croatian)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisanka_(Polish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanka (Polish)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasika" title="Fasika">Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Italy" title="Easter in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Latvia" title="Easter in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Poland" title="Easter in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Pre-Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ēostre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Easter_Oratorio" title="Easter Oratorio">Easter Oratorio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Will_Mention_the_Loving-kindnesses" title="I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses">I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Easter_Festival_Overture" title="Russian Easter Festival Overture">Russian Easter Festival Overture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Easter_Festival" title="Salzburg Easter Festival">Salzburg Easter Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimae_paschali_laudes" title="Victimae paschali laudes">Victimae paschali laudes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Cantatas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleib_bei_uns,_denn_es_will_Abend_werden,_BWV_6" title="Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6"><i>Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden</i>, BWV 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todes_Banden,_BWV_4" title="Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4"><i>Christ lag in Todes Banden</i>, BWV 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Friede_sei_mit_dir,_BWV_158" title="Der Friede sei mit dir, BWV 158"><i>Der Friede sei mit dir</i>, BWV 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Himmel_lacht!_Die_Erde_jubilieret,_BWV_31" title="Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31"><i>Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret</i>, BWV 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Herz,_das_seinen_Jesum_lebend_wei%C3%9F,_BWV_134" title="Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134"><i>Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß</i>, BWV 134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfreut_euch,_ihr_Herzen,_BWV_66" title="Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66"><i>Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen</i>, BWV 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ich_lebe,_mein_Herze,_zu_deinem_Erg%C3%B6tzen,_BWV_145" title="Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145"><i>Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen</i>, BWV 145</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_hymns" title="List of Easter hymns">Hymns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Lord_Is_Risen_Today" title="Christ the Lord Is Risen Today">Christ the Lord Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Is_Risen_Today" title="Jesus Christ Is Risen Today">Jesus Christ Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_filii_et_filiae" title="O filii et filiae">O filii et filiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strife_is_O%27er,_the_Battle_Done" title="The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done">The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrexit_a_mortuis" title="Surrexit a mortuis">Surrexit a mortuis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_films" title="List of Easter films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_television_episodes" title="List of Easter television episodes">Television episodes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Season27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Octave30" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Pentecost" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave of Pentecost">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Tuesday" title="Whit Tuesday">Whit Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_Priest" title="Feast of Christ the Priest">Feast of Christ the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church866" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church866" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Ordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1969_Calendar)866" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">1969 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">December 17 to 23</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/250px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/375px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/500px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mary, Mother of God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Feast of the Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Presentation of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Lent" title="Second Sunday of Lent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">5th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">2nd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Nativity of John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)866" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Advent">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Lent" title="Second Sunday of Lent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays after Easter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i><sup><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>P = <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd><i>Italic font</i> marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hymns_and_songs_for_Lent_and_Passiontide" title="Template:Hymns and songs for Lent and Passiontide"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hymns_and_songs_for_Lent_and_Passiontide" title="Template talk:Hymns and songs for Lent and Passiontide"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hymns_and_songs_for_Lent_and_Passiontide" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hymns and songs for Lent and Passiontide"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hymns_and_songs_for_Lent_and_Passiontide233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hymns and songs for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_L%C3%A4mmlein_geht_und_tr%C3%A4gt_die_Schuld" title="Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld">A Lamb Goes Uncomplaining Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_for_Jesus,_All_for_Jesus" title="All for Jesus, All for Jesus">All for Jesus, All for Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Glory,_Laud_and_Honour" title="All Glory, Laud and Honour">All Glory, Laud and Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christus,_der_uns_selig_macht" title="Christus, der uns selig macht">Christ, by Whose All-saving Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesu,_meines_Glaubens_Zier" title="Jesu, meines Glaubens Zier">It is finished! Christ hath known</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Lamm_Gottes,_unschuldig" title="O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig">Lamb of God, Pure and Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christe,_du_Lamm_Gottes" title="Christe, du Lamm Gottes">O Christ, Thou Lamb of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliebster_Jesu" title="Herzliebster Jesu">O Dearest Jesus, What Law Hast Thou Broken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_High_the_Cross" title="Lift High the Cross">Lift High the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Sacred_Head,_Now_Wounded" title="O Sacred Head, Now Wounded">O Sacred Head, Now Wounded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Mensch,_bewein_dein_S%C3%BCnde_gro%C3%9F" title="O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß">O Sinner, Come Thy Sin to Mourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Jesus_an_dem_Kreuze_stund" title="Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund">Our Blessed Savior Spoke Seven Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_On,_Ride_On_in_Majesty!" title="Ride On, Ride On in Majesty!">Ride On, Ride On in Majesty!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_is_a_green_hill_far_away" title="There is a green hill far away">There is a green hill far away</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Welt,_sieh_hier_dein_Leben" title="O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben">Upon the Cross Extended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_I_Survey_the_Wondrous_Cross" title="When I Survey the Wondrous Cross">When I Survey the Wondrous Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">German</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christe,_du_Lamm_Gottes" title="Christe, du Lamm Gottes">Christe, du Lamm Gottes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christus,_der_uns_selig_macht" title="Christus, der uns selig macht">Christus, der uns selig macht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_der_Herr_Christ_zu_Tische_sa%C3%9F" title="Da der Herr Christ zu Tische saß">Da der Herr Christ zu Tische saß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Jesus_an_dem_Kreuze_stund" title="Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund">Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_am_Kreuz_ist_meine_Liebe" title="Der am Kreuz ist meine Liebe">Der am Kreuz ist meine Liebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_L%C3%A4mmlein_geht_und_tr%C3%A4gt_die_Schuld" title="Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld">Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herr,_st%C3%A4rke_mich,_dein_Leiden_zu_bedenken" title="Herr, stärke mich, dein Leiden zu bedenken">Herr, stärke mich, dein Leiden zu bedenken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliebster_Jesu" title="Herzliebster Jesu">Herzliebster Jesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesu_Leiden,_Pein_und_Tod" title="Jesu Leiden, Pein und Tod">Jesu Leiden, Pein und Tod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesu,_meines_Glaubens_Zier" title="Jesu, meines Glaubens Zier">Jesu, meines Glaubens Zier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Sacred_Head,_Now_Wounded" title="O Sacred Head, Now Wounded">O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Lamm_Gottes,_unschuldig" title="O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig">O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Mensch,_bewein_dein_S%C3%BCnde_gro%C3%9F" title="O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß">O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Welt,_sieh_hier_dein_Leben" title="O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben">O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attende,_Domine" title="Attende, Domine">Attende, Domine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_benigne_Conditor" title="Audi benigne Conditor">Audi benigne Conditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria,_laus_et_honor" title="Gloria, laus et honor">Gloria, laus et honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosanna_filio_David" title="Hosanna filio David">Hosanna filio David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pange_lingua_gloriosi_proelium_certaminis" title="Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis">Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexilla_regis_prodeunt" title="Vexilla regis prodeunt">Vexilla regis prodeunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Passion_hymns" title="List of Passion hymns">List of Passion hymns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passion_Hymns" title="Passion Hymns">Passion Hymns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passion:_Hymns_Ancient_and_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion: Hymns Ancient and Modern">Passion: Hymns Ancient and Modern</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" 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States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carême"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976742m">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carême"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976742m">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007563038005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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