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id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definiëring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definiëring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definiëring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definiëring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invloedsfactoren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invloedsfactoren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Invloedsfactoren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invloedsfactoren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reactiesnelheid (scheikunde)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 46 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84" title="معدل التفاعل – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معدل التفاعل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Скорасць хімічнай рэакцыі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скорасць хімічнай рэакцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скорост на химичната реакция – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скорост на химичната реакция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বিক্রিয়ার হার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিক্রিয়ার হার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocitat_de_reacci%C3%B3" title="Velocitat de reacció – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Velocitat de reacció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="خێراییی کاردانەوە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خێراییی کاردانەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reak%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_rychlost" title="Reakční rychlost – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reakční rychlost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Химилле реакцин хăвăртлăхĕ – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле реакцин хăвăртлăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfradd_adwaith" title="Cyfradd adwaith – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfradd adwaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionshastighed" title="Reaktionshastighed – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reaktionshastighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionsrate" title="Reaktionsrate – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reaktionsrate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_rate" title="Reaction rate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reaction rate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcia_rapido" title="Reakcia rapido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reakcia rapido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocidad_de_reacci%C3%B3n" title="Velocidad de reacción – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Velocidad de reacción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktsiooni_kiirus" title="Reaktsiooni kiirus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reaktsiooni kiirus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreakzio-abiadura" title="Erreakzio-abiadura – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreakzio-abiadura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4" title="سرعت واکنش – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرعت واکنش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="קצב תגובה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קצב תגובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0" title="अभिक्रिया की दर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिक्रिया की दर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%A8s_reyaksyon" title="Vitès reyaksyon – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vitès reyaksyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakci%C3%B3sebess%C3%A9g" title="Reakciósebesség – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reakciósebesség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ռեակցիայի արագություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեակցիայի արագություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laju_reaksi" title="Laju reaksi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laju reaksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_di_reazione" title="Velocità di reazione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Velocità di reazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="反応速度 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反応速度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Реакция жылдамдығы – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реакция жылдамдығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91_%EC%86%8D%EB%8F%84" title="반응 속도 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반응 속도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Брзина на хемиска реакција – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брзина на хемиска реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Урвалын хурд – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Урвалын хурд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadar_tindak_balas" title="Kadar tindak balas – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kadar tindak balas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksjonsfart" title="Reaksjonsfart – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reaksjonsfart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szybko%C5%9B%C4%87_reakcji_chemicznej" title="Szybkość reakcji chemicznej – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szybkość reakcji chemicznej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxa_de_rea%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Taxa de reação – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taxa de reação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitez%C4%83_de_reac%C8%9Bie" title="Viteză de reacție – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viteză de reacție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Скорость химической реакции – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скорость химической реакции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brzina_hemijske_reakcije" title="Brzina hemijske reakcije – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brzina hemijske reakcije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Брзина хемијске реакције – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брзина хемијске реакције" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionshastighet" title="Reaktionshastighet – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reaktionshastighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rust03102006.JPG/260px-Rust03102006.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rust03102006.JPG/390px-Rust03102006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rust03102006.JPG/520px-Rust03102006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Het roesten van ijzer is een thermodynamisch spontaan, maar kinetisch traag proces.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>reactiesnelheid</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Natuurkundige_grootheid" title="Natuurkundige grootheid">grootheid</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Fysische_chemie" title="Fysische chemie">fysische chemie</a> (meer bepaald in de <a href="/wiki/Chemische_kinetiek" title="Chemische kinetiek">chemische kinetiek</a>) die weergeeft hoe snel een <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">reactie</a> doorgaat, met name hoe snel de <a href="/wiki/Reagens" title="Reagens">reagentia</a> worden omgezet tot <a href="/wiki/Reactieproduct" title="Reactieproduct">producten</a> en hoe snel het <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_evenwicht" title="Chemisch evenwicht">chemisch evenwicht</a> wordt bereikt. De ligging van het evenwicht zelf is, aangezien ze samenhangt met de verandering van een <a href="/wiki/Toestandsfunctie" title="Toestandsfunctie">toestandsfunctie</a> (ΔG°), onafhankelijk van de weg waarlangs de reactie verloop en wordt vastgelegd door de <a href="/wiki/Chemische_thermodynamica" title="Chemische thermodynamica">thermodynamica</a>. De reactiesnelheid zelf daarentegen hangt wel degelijk af van de reactieroute, met name van het <a href="/wiki/Reactiemechanisme" title="Reactiemechanisme">reactiemechanisme</a>. </p><p>Sommige reacties zijn spontaan (ze bezitten een negatieve waarde voor ΔG°), maar kunnen een zeer trage kinetiek hebben. Een voorbeeld is de spontane omzetting van <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Grafiet" title="Grafiet">grafiet</a> of het <a href="/wiki/Roest_(metaal)" title="Roest (metaal)">roesten</a> van <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">ijzer</a> onder invloed van <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstof</a>. Anderzijds zijn bepaalde reacties bijzonder snel, maar niet spontaan. </p><p>De reactiesnelheid hangt af van verschillende parameters, zoals <a href="/wiki/Tijd" title="Tijd">tijd</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Concentratie_(oplossing)" title="Concentratie (oplossing)">concentratie</a> van de reagentia en de aanwezigheid van <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysatoren</a>, hetgeen resulteert in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheidsvergelijking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactiesnelheidsvergelijking (de pagina bestaat niet)">reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen</a>. Met behulp van deze snelheidsvergelijkingen kunnen dan voorspellingen gemaakt worden betreffende de concentratie van verschillende reactiepartners na een bepaalde reactietijd <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>t</i></span>. De vorm van de snelheidvergelijking levert inzicht in het reactiemechanisme en dus de manier waarop het chemisch evenwicht wordt bereikt. </p><p>De reactiesnelheid wordt gebruikt bij de studie van chemische reacties, maar ook in de <a href="/wiki/Chemische_technologie" title="Chemische technologie">chemische technologie</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Chemische_industrie" title="Chemische industrie">chemische industrie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymologie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michaelis-Mentenvergelijking" title="Michaelis-Mentenvergelijking">Michaelis-Menten-kinetiek</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definiëring"><span id="Defini.C3.ABring"></span>Definiëring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Definiëring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Definiëring"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de beschrijving van de reactiesnelheid is de tijd <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>t</i></span> een van de belangrijkste veranderlijken. Indien een reactie van de volgende vorm is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A\ +\ 2\ B\longrightarrow \ 3\ C\ +\ D} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {A\ +\ 2\ B\longrightarrow \ 3\ C\ +\ D} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d692fe8c8dea69eb29aa0f7138652ce78c151f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:24.008ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A\ +\ 2\ B\longrightarrow \ 3\ C\ +\ D} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>De ogenblikkelijke verbruikssnelheid <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>v</i></span> van een reagens <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>r</i></span> (met r = A of B) op tijdstip <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>t</i></span> wordt dan gegeven door: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b31c220d977b5ead85c5c68d4537d83aaec10005" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:10.067ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De ogenblikkelijke vormingssnelheid <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>v</i></span> van een product <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>p</i></span> (met p = C of D) wordt gegeven door: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/133ec51bf423eb1f4aea5541b79fc9fed80b6dcd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.344ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Uit de stoichiometrie van de reactie volgt echter dat: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dc_{D}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {dc_{C}}{dt}}=-{\frac {dc_{A}}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {dc_{B}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dc_{D}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {dc_{C}}{dt}}=-{\frac {dc_{A}}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {dc_{B}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/471d55b7290dc5c1cae8e5abf87219da23a38108" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:35.163ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dc_{D}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {dc_{C}}{dt}}=-{\frac {dc_{A}}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {dc_{B}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Naargelang de reactiepartner die wordt beschouwd kunnen er verschillende snelheden met de reactie worden gecorreleerd. Dit probleem kan worden omzeild door de reactiesnelheid te definiëren in functie van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omzettingsgraad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omzettingsgraad (de pagina bestaat niet)">omzettingsgraad</a> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>ξ</i></span> van de reactie. Deze wordt gedefinieerd als het aantal <a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a> gevormd product in elk stadium van de reactie ten opzichte van de <a href="/wiki/Stoichiometrie" title="Stoichiometrie">stoichiometrische coëfficiënt</a> in de reactievergelijking: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \xi ={\frac {n_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \xi ={\frac {n_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/21e9b2d9c029b032ba499925486eb68f01ce367e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:7.419ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \xi ={\frac {n_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De verandering van de omzettingsgraad over een korte periode van het reactieverloop is dan gelijk aan: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d\xi ={\frac {dn_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}=-{\frac {dn_{r}}{\nu _{r}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d\xi ={\frac {dn_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}=-{\frac {dn_{r}}{\nu _{r}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/680ecca31e11b893a5b0a114776f10913e57ba0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:19.177ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d\xi ={\frac {dn_{p}}{\nu _{p}}}=-{\frac {dn_{r}}{\nu _{r}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De reactiesnelheid <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>v'</i></span> kan nu gedefinieerd worden als: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v'={\frac {d\xi }{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ξ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v'={\frac {d\xi }{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86d777869e3616373e1ff6ec8f5df7caaad1f4b5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.993ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v'={\frac {d\xi }{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Oftewel: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dn_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dn_{p}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dn_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dn_{p}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81cf6f21dea3311d75c2cd5e2c4c584a5a339926" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:24.746ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dn_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dn_{p}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Wanneer het homogene reacties betreft dan kan, op voorwaarde dat het volume <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>V</i></span> van het reactiemengsel tijdens het reactieverloop niet verandert, de reactiesnelheid ook met behulp van concentraties uitgedrukt worden: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {d\left({\frac {n_{r}}{V}}\right)}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {d\left({\frac {n_{r}}{V}}\right)}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/85d4391635ff43cfebde2624a7c5749eba2fdddd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:29.378ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v'=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {d\left({\frac {n_{r}}{V}}\right)}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De werkelijke reactiesnelheid <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>v</i></span> wordt nu gegeven door: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {v'}{V}}=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {v'}{V}}=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb21b1cee124abef6ccce0aa385e692067c7ea8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:29.032ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {v'}{V}}=-{\frac {1}{\nu _{r}}}{\frac {dc_{r}}{dt}}={\frac {1}{\nu _{p}}}{\frac {dc_{p}}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Op deze manier wordt automatisch gecorrigeerd door de coëfficiënt in de reactievergelijking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invloedsfactoren">Invloedsfactoren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Invloedsfactoren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Invloedsfactoren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De reactiesnelheid kan door verschillende factoren worden beïnvloed: </p> <ul><li>de <a href="/wiki/Concentratie_(oplossing)" title="Concentratie (oplossing)">concentratie</a> (of activiteit) van de reagentia</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Druk_(grootheid)" title="Druk (grootheid)">druk</a></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Ionsterkte" title="Ionsterkte">ionsterkte</a></li> <li>de verdelingsgraad</li> <li>de aanwezigheid van een <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysator</a></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Reactieorde" title="Reactieorde">orde van de reactie</a></li> <li>de aanwezigheid van <a href="/wiki/Straling" title="Straling">straling</a>, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Fotokatalyse" title="Fotokatalyse">fotokatalyse</a></li> <li>hoe ver de reactie uit evenwicht is</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen">Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Reactiesnelheidsvergelijkingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheidsvergelijking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactiesnelheidsvergelijking (de pagina bestaat niet)">Reactiesnelheidsvergelijking</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Voor een chemische reactie met twee reagentia wordt de reactiesnelheidsvergelijking gegeven door: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=k(T)c_{A}^{\alpha }c_{B}^{\beta }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=k(T)c_{A}^{\alpha }c_{B}^{\beta }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef21fceecf17c1f78bd674b6fa75bd7d01d196c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.841ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=k(T)c_{A}^{\alpha }c_{B}^{\beta }}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Exponent" title="Exponent">exponenten</a> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>α</i></span> en <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>β</i></span> worden beide de partiële reactieordes genoemd. Zij hangen af van het reactiemechanisme. De som van de partiële reactieordes geeft de totale <a href="/wiki/Reactieorde" title="Reactieorde">orde van de reactie</a> weer. De partiële reactieordes zijn niet gelijk aan de coëfficiënten in de reactievergelijking, maar kunnen met behulp van <a href="/wiki/Differentiaalrekening" title="Differentiaalrekening">differentiële</a> en <a href="/wiki/Integraalrekening" title="Integraalrekening">geïntegreerde</a> methoden worden berekend. De evenredigheidsfactor <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>k</i></span> wordt de <a href="/wiki/Reactiesnelheidsconstante" title="Reactiesnelheidsconstante">reactiesnelheidsconstante</a> genoemd en is afhankelijk van de <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a> volgens de <a href="/wiki/Vergelijking_van_Arrhenius" title="Vergelijking van Arrhenius">vergelijking van Arrhenius</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=Ae^{\frac {-E_{a}}{RT}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=Ae^{\frac {-E_{a}}{RT}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7dc5ee6ccb9067bae442b0090a09e664d3979bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.067ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=Ae^{\frac {-E_{a}}{RT}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Hier is <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>A</i></span> de pre-exponentiële factor (een zogenaamde botsingsfactor) en E<sub>a</sub> de <a href="/wiki/Activeringsenergie" title="Activeringsenergie">activeringsenergie</a> van de reactie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botsingstheorie" title="Botsingstheorie">Botsingstheorie</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&oldid=67007157">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactiesnelheid_(scheikunde)&oldid=67007157</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Chemische_kinetiek" title="Categorie:Chemische kinetiek">Chemische kinetiek</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 9 feb 2024 om 16:50.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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