CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Robert Creeley - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2cfe4e9c-8024-4e19-a34e-bc7ccefc0c06","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Robert_Creeley","wgTitle":"Robert Creeley","wgCurRevisionId":1280020080,"wgRevisionId":1280020080,"wgArticleId":236281,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2018","Articles needing additional references from March 2009","All articles needing additional references","Articles that may contain original research from December 2017","All articles that may contain original research","Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2019","CS1: long volume value","1926 births","2005 deaths","People from Arlington, Massachusetts","American male poets","Beat Generation poets","American tax resisters","Black Mountain poets","Brown University faculty","Black Mountain College alumni","Harvard University alumni","University at Buffalo faculty","People from Waldoboro, Maine","Poets Laureate of New York (state)","Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences","Deaths from pneumonia in Texas","Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery","Bollingen Prize recipients","20th-century American poets","Fulbright Distinguished Chairs","American Book Award winners","20th-century American male writers","Holderness School alumni","American Field Service personnel of World War II","Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Robert_Creeley","wgRelevantArticleId":236281,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q918620","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Creeley.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="806"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Creeley.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="537"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="430"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Robert Creeley - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Robert_Creeley rootpage-Robert_Creeley skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Robert+Creeley" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Robert+Creeley" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Robert+Creeley" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Robert+Creeley" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Film appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Research resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Creeley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرت کریلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت کریلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرت کریلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت کریلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Ռոբերտ Քրիլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Քրիլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Creeley" title="Robertus Creeley – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Creeley" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Крили, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крили, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Creeley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%88%A9" title="罗伯特·克里利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·克里利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Robert_Creeley" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Robert_Creeley" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Robert_Creeley" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&oldid=1280020080" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Robert_Creeley&id=1280020080&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Creeley"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Creeley"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Robert_Creeley&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Creeley" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918620" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American poet (1926–2005)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Robert_Creeley" title="Special:EditPage/Robert Creeley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Robert+Creeley%22">"Robert Creeley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Robert+Creeley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Robert+Creeley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Robert+Creeley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Robert+Creeley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Robert+Creeley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Robert Creeley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Creeley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creeley in 1972"><img alt="Creeley in 1972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Creeley.jpg/250px-Creeley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Creeley.jpg/330px-Creeley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Creeley.jpg/500px-Creeley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="413" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Creeley in 1972</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1926-05-21</span>)</span>May 21, 1926<br /><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington, Massachusetts</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">March 30, 2005<span style="display:none">(2005-03-30)</span> (aged 78)<br /><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa, Texas</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_College" title="Black Mountain College">Black Mountain College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poetry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Modernism</a>, Post-Modernism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i>For Love</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bollingen_Prize" title="Bollingen Prize">Bollingen Prize</a>, 1999, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Frost Medal">Robert Frost Medal</a>, 1987</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert White Creeley</b> (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American poet and author of more than 60 books. He is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_poets" title="Black Mountain poets">Black Mountain poets</a>, although his verse aesthetic diverged from that school. Creeley was close with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Ed Dorn</a>. </p><p>Creeley served as the <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Capen#Later_life_and_legacy" title="Samuel P. Capen">Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">State University of New York at Buffalo</a>. In 1991, he joined colleagues <a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bernstein_(poet)" title="Charles Bernstein (poet)">Charles Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bertholf" title="Robert Bertholf">Robert Bertholf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tedlock" title="Dennis Tedlock">Dennis Tedlock</a> in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo. </p><p>Creeley lived in <a href="/wiki/Waldoboro,_Maine" title="Waldoboro, Maine">Waldoboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a>, where he taught at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Lannan_Literary_Awards#Lannan_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Lannan Literary Awards">Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creeley was born in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington, Massachusetts</a>, and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Acton,_Massachusetts" title="Acton, Massachusetts">Acton</a>. He and his sister, Helen, were raised by their mother. At the age of two, he lost his left eye.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/Holderness_School" title="Holderness School">Holderness School</a> in New Hampshire. In 1943, he entered <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, but left to serve in the <a href="/wiki/AFS_Intercultural_Programs" title="AFS Intercultural Programs">American Field Service</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in 1944–1945. He returned to Harvard in 1946, but eventually earned his BA from <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_College" title="Black Mountain College">Black Mountain College</a> in 1955, teaching some courses there as well. After teaching in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Creeley visited San Francisco for two months in the spring of 1956, having heard from <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Kenneth Rexroth</a> about a local poetic "renaissance" underway. There he met <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, who had recently completed <i><a href="/wiki/Howl_(poem)" title="Howl (poem)">Howl</a></i>, and befriended <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creeley later met and befriended <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Tavern" title="Cedar Tavern">Cedar Tavern</a> in New York City. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>In a quiet moment I hear Bob pause where I never would have expected it. Such resolve. Such heart. And an ear to reckon with. No truly further American poem without his. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– <a href="/wiki/Clark_Coolidge" title="Clark Coolidge">Clark Coolidge</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>He was a chicken farmer briefly in <a href="/wiki/Littleton,_New_Hampshire" title="Littleton, New Hampshire">Littleton, New Hampshire</a>, before becoming a teacher in 1949. The story goes that he wrote to <a href="/wiki/Cid_Corman" title="Cid Corman">Cid Corman</a>, whose radio show he heard on the farm, and Corman had him read on the show, which is how <a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a> first heard of Creeley.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1951 to 1955, Creeley and his wife, Ann, lived with their three children on the Spanish island of <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>. They went there at the encouragement of their friends, British writer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Seymour-Smith" title="Martin Seymour-Smith">Martin</a> and his partner, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Seymour-Smith" title="Janet Seymour-Smith">Janet Seymour-Smith</a>. There they started Divers Press and published works by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Blackburn_(U.S._poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Blackburn (U.S. poet)">Paul Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Duncan</a>, Charles Olson, and others. Creeley wrote about half of his published prose while living on the island, including a short-story collection, <i>The Gold Diggers,</i> and a novel, <i>The Island</i>. He said that Martin and Janet Seymour-Smith are represented by Artie and Marge in the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1954 and 1955, Creeley traveled back and forth between <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a> and his teaching position at Black Mountain College. He also saw to the printing of some issues of <a href="/wiki/Origin_(magazine)" title="Origin (magazine)"><i>Origin</i></a> and Black Mountain Review on Mallorca, because the printing costs were significantly lower there. </p><p>In 1960, Creeley earned an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>. He began his academic career by teaching at the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Academy" title="Albuquerque Academy">Albuquerque Academy</a> starting in 1958 until about 1960 or 1961. In 1957, he met <a href="/wiki/Bobbie_Louise_Hawkins" title="Bobbie Louise Hawkins">Bobbie Louise Hawkins</a>; they lived together in a common law marriage until 1975 and had two children, Sarah and Katherine. He dedicated his book <i>For Love</i> to Bobbie. </p><p>Creeley read at the 1963 Vancouver Poetry Festival and at the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Poetry_Conference" title="Berkeley Poetry Conference">Berkeley Poetry Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterward, he wandered about a bit before settling into the English faculty of "Black Mountain II" at the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a> in 1967. He would stay at this post until 2003, when he received a post at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>. From 1990 to 2003, he lived with his family in <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_Buffalo" title="Black Rock, Buffalo">Black Rock</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, in a converted firehouse at the corner of Amherst and East Streets. At the time of his death, he was in residence with the <a href="/wiki/Lannan_Literary_Awards" title="Lannan Literary Awards">Lannan Foundation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marfa,_Texas" title="Marfa, Texas">Marfa, Texas</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg/330px-AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg/500px-AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg/960px-AllanGrahamandRobertCreeley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Robert Creeley and <a href="/wiki/Allan_Graham" title="Allan Graham">Allan Graham</a>, during the taping of "Add-Verse", 2004, photo by <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Graham" title="Gloria Graham">Gloria Graham</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Creeley first received fame in 1962 from his poetry collection <i>For Love</i>. He would go on to win the <a href="/wiki/Bollingen_Prize" title="Bollingen Prize">Bollingen Prize</a>, among others, and to hold the position of New York State <a href="/wiki/Poet_laureate" title="Poet laureate">Poet laureate</a> from 1989 until 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, he signed the "<a href="/wiki/Writers_and_Editors_War_Tax_Protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers and Editors War Tax Protest">Writers and Editors War Tax Protest</a>" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">protest against the Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his later years he was an advocate of, and a mentor to, many younger poets, as well as to others outside of the poetry world. He went to great lengths to be supportive to many people regardless of any poetic affiliation. Being responsive appeared to be essential to his personal ethics, and he seemed to take this responsibility extremely seriously, in both his life and his craft. In his later years, when he became well-known, he would go to lengths to make strangers, who approached him as a well-known author, feel comfortable. In his last years, he used the Internet to keep in touch with many younger poets and friends. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Creeley died in the morning of March 30, 2005, in <a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa, Texas</a> of complications from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>. He is buried in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. </p><p>In 2016, a short documentary was made about Robert Creeley's son, Will Creeley, in which Will shared stories of his father's legacy and their relationship. The film was entitled <i>For Will</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Arthur L. Ford in his book <i>Robert Creeley</i> (1978, p. 25) describes the poet, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Creeley has long been aware that he is part of a definable tradition in the American poetry of this century, so long as 'tradition' is thought of in general terms and so long as it recognizes crucial distinctions among its members. The tradition most visible to the general public has been the Eliot-Stevens tradition supported by the intellectual probings of the <a href="/wiki/New_Criticism" title="New Criticism">New Critics</a> in the 1940s and early 1950s. Parallel to that tradition has been the tradition Creeley identifies with, the Pound-Olson-Zukofsky-Black Mountain tradition, what M. L. Rosenthal [in his 1967 book <i>The New Poets: American and British Poetry Since World War II</i>] calls 'The Projectivist Movement.' This "movement" Rosenthal derives from Olson's essay on "Projective Verse."</p></blockquote> <p><i>Le Fou</i>, Creeley's first book, was published in 1952, and since then, according to his publisher, barely a year passed without a new collection of poems. The 1983 entry, titled <i>Mirrors</i>, had some tendencies toward concrete imagery. It was hard for many readers and critics to immediately understand Creeley's reputation as an innovative poet, for his innovations were often very subtle; even harder for some to imagine that his work lived up to the Black Mountain tenet—which he articulated to Charles Olson in their correspondence, and which Olson popularized in his essay "Projective Verse,"—that "form is never more than an extension of content," for his poems were often written in <a href="/wiki/Couplet" title="Couplet">couplet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tercet" title="Tercet">triplet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quatrain" title="Quatrain">quatrain</a> stanzas that break into and out of rhyme as happenstance appears to dictate. An example is "The Hero," from <i>Collected Poems</i>, also published in 1982 and covering the span of years from 1945 to 1975. </p><p>"The Hero" is written in variable <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_verse" title="Syllabic verse">isoverbal</a> ("word-count") prosody; the number of words per line varies from three to seven, but the norm is four to six. Another technique to be found in this piece is variable rhyme—there is no set rhyme scheme, but some of the lines rhyme and the poem concludes with a rhymed couplet. All of the stanzas are quatrains, as in the first two: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Each voice which was asked<br /> spoke its words, and heard<br /> more than that, the fair question,<br /> the onerous burden of the asking.<br /> <br /> And so the hero, the<br /> hero! stepped that gracefully<br /> into his redemption, losing<br /> or gaining life thereby. </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The Hero</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Despite these obviously formal elements various critics continue to insist that Creeley wrote in "<a href="/wiki/Free_verse" title="Free verse">free verse</a>", but most of his forms were strict enough so that it is a question whether it can even be maintained that he wrote in forms of prose. This particular poem is verse-mode, not prose-mode. M. L. Rosenthal in his book <i>The New Poets</i> quoted Creeley's "preoccupation with a personal rhythm in the sense that the discovery of an external equivalent of the speaking self is felt to be the true object of poetry," and went on to say that this speaking self serves both as the center of the poem's universe and the private life of the poet. "Despite his mask of humble, confused comedian, loving and lovable, he therefore stands in his own work's way, too seldom letting his poems free themselves of his blocking presence" (p. 148). When he used imagery, Creeley could be interesting and effective on the sensory level. </p><p>In an essay titled "Poetry: Schools of Dissidents," the academic poet <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoffman" title="Daniel Hoffman">Daniel Hoffman</a> wrote, in <i>The Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing</i>, which he edited, that as he grew older, Creeley's work tended to become increasingly fragmentary in nature, even the titles subsequent to <i>For Love: Poems 1950–1960</i> hinting at the fragmentation of experience in Creeley's work: <i>Words, Pieces, A Day Book</i>. In Hoffman's opinion, "Creeley has never included ideas, or commitments to social issues, in the repertoire of his work; his stripped-down poems have been, as it were, a proving of Pound's belief in 'technique as the test of a man's sincerity'" (p. 533). </p><p>In 1979, jazz bassist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Swallow" title="Steve Swallow">Steve Swallow</a> released the album <i><a href="/wiki/Home_(Steve_Swallow_album)" title="Home (Steve Swallow album)">Home</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a>) featuring poems by Creeley set to music, and Creeley later collaborated with Swallow on three further albums, including <i>So There</i> (ECM, 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early work by Creeley appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">literary magazine</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomad_(magazine)" title="Nomad (magazine)"><i>Nomad</i></a> at the beginning of the 1960s. Posthumous publications of Creeley's work have included the second volume of his <i>Collected Poems</i>, which was published in 2006, and <i>The Selected Letters of Robert Creeley</i> edited by <a href="/wiki/Rod_Smith_(poet)" title="Rod Smith (poet)">Rod Smith</a>, Kaplan Harris and Peter Baker, published in 2014 by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 45%;"> <ul><li><i>Le Fou</i> (Columbus, Ohio: Golden Goose Press, 1952)</li> <li><i>The Immoral Proposition</i> (Karlsruhe-Durlach/Baden, Germany: Jonathan Williams, 1953)</li> <li><i>The Kind of Act Of</i> (Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1953)</li> <li><i>The Gold Diggers</i> (Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1954). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7145-0256-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7145-0256-1">0-7145-0256-1</a></li> <li><i>A Snarling Garland of Xmas Verses, anonymous</i> (Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1954)</li> <li><i>All That Is Lovely in Men</i> (Asheville, N.C.: <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(poet)" title="Jonathan Williams (poet)">Jonathan Williams</a>, 1955)</li> <li><i>If You</i> (San Francisco: Porpoise Bookshop, 1956)</li> <li><i>The Whip</i> (Worcester, England: Migrant Books, 1957; Highland, N.C.: Jonathan Williams, 1957)</li> <li><i>A Form of Women</i> (New York: Jargon Books in association with Corinth Books, 1959; Fontwell, Arundel, Sussex, England: Centaur, 1960)</li> <li><i>For Love: Poems 1950–1960</i> (New York: Scribners, 1962) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-71738-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-71738-7">0-684-71738-7</a></li> <li><i>The Island</i> (New York: Scribners, 1963; London: John Calder, 1964)</li> <li><i>Words</i> (Rochester, Mich.: Perishable Press, 1965; enlarged as Words New York: <a href="/wiki/Scribners" class="mw-redirect" title="Scribners">Scribners</a>, 1967)</li> <li><i>The Gold Diggers and Other Stories</i> (London: John Calder, 1965; New York: Scribners, 1965)</li> <li><i>Poems 1950–1965</i> (London: Calder and Boyars, 1966)</li> <li><i>The Charm: Early and Uncollected Poems</i> (Mt. Horeb, Wisc.: Perishable Press, 1967)</li> <li><i>Robert Creeley Reads</i> (London: Turret Books/Calder and Boyars, 1967)</li> <li><i>A Sight</i> (London, Cape Goliard, 1967)</li> <li><i>Divisions and Other Early Poems</i> (Mt. Horeb, Wisc.: Perishable Press, 1968)</li> <li><i>The Finger</i> (Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Black_Sparrow_Press" title="Black Sparrow Press">Black Sparrow Press</a>, 1968).</li> <li><i>5 Numbers</i> (New York: Poets Press, 1968)</li> <li><i>Numbers</i> (Stuttgart, Germany: Edition Domberger / Düsseldorf, Germany: Galerie Schmela, 1968)</li> <li><i>Pieces</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1968; New York: Scribners, 1969)</li> <li><i>Mazatlan: Sea</i> (San Francisco: Poets Press, 1969)</li> <li><i>The Finger: Poems 1966–1969</i> (London: Calder and Boyars, 1970)</li> <li><i>In London</i> (Bolinas, Calif.: Angel Hair Books, 1970)</li> <li><i>A Quick Graph: Collected Notes and Essays</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Allen" title="Donald Allen">Donald Allen</a> (San Francisco: Four Seasons Foundation, 1970)</li> <li><i>1234567890</i>, illustrations by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Okamura" title="Arthur Okamura">Arthur Okamura</a> (Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Publications" title="Shambhala Publications">Shambhala Publications</a>; San Francisco: Mudra, 1971)</li> <li><i>St. Martin's</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1971)</li> <li><i>A Day Book</i> (Berlin: Graphis, 1972); expanded edition including "In London," (New York: Scribners, 1972)</li> <li><i>Listen</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1972)</li> <li><i>A Sense of Measure</i> (London: Calder and Boyars, 1972)</li> <li><i>The Class of '47, with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Brainard" title="Joe Brainard">Joe Brainard</a></i> (New York: Bouwerie Editions, 1973)</li> <li><i>Contexts of Poetry: Interviews 1961–1971, edited by Donald Allen</i> (Bolinas, Calif.: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973) reprinting with others the <a href="/wiki/Unmuzzled_OX" title="Unmuzzled OX">Unmuzzled OX</a> interview by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Andre" title="Michael Andre">Michael Andre</a></li> <li><i>Sparrow 6: The Creative</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1973)</li> <li><i>For my mother: Genevieve Jules Creeley, April 8, 1887 – October 7, 1972</i> (Rushden, England: Sceptre Press, 1973)</li> <li><i>His Idea</i> (Toronto: Coach House Press, 1973)</li> <li><i>Sparrow 14: Inside Out</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1973)</li> <li><i>Thirty Things</i> (Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1974)</li> <li><i>Backwards</i> (Knotting, England: Sceptre Press, 1975)</li> <li><i>The Door: Selected Poems</i> (Düsseldorf/München, Germany: S Press, 1975)</li> <li><i>Away</i> (Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, 1976)</li> <li><i>Hello</i> (Christchurch, New Zealand: Hawk Press, 1976)</li> <li><i>Mabel, A Story: and Other Prose</i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Marion_Boyars" title="Marion Boyars">Marion Boyars</a>, 1976)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 45%;"> <ul><li><i>Presences: A Text for Marisol</i> (New York: Scribners, 1976).</li> <li><i>Selected Poems</i> (New York: Scribners, 1976)</li> <li><i>Sparrow 40: Was That a Real Poem or Did You Just Make It Up Yourself</i> (Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, 1976).</li> <li><i>Mabel: A Story</i> (Paris: Editions de l'Atelier <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Crommelynck" title="Aldo Crommelynck">Crommelynck</a>, 1977)*<i>Myself</i> (Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1977)</li> <li><i>Thanks</i> (Old Deerfield, Mass.: The Deerfield Press; Dublin, Ireland: The Gallery Press, 1977)</li> <li><i>Hello: A Journal, February 29 – May 3, 1976</i> (New York: New Directions, 1978; London: Marion Boyars, 1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7145-2657-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7145-2657-6">0-7145-2657-6</a></li> <li><i>Later: A Poem</i> (West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8112-0736-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8112-0736-6">0-8112-0736-6</a></li> <li><i>Desultory Days</i> (Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1978)</li> <li><i>Was That a Real Poem and Other Essays</i>, edited by Donald Allen with a chronology by Mary Novik (Bolinas, Calif.: Four Seasons Foundation, 1979)</li> <li><i>Later</i> (New York: New Directions, 1979; London: Marion Boyars, 1980)</li> <li><i>Corn Close</i> (Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1980)</li> <li><i>Mother's Voice</i> (Santa Barbara. Calif.: Am Here Books/Immediate Editions, 1981).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Olson, Charles</a>; Creeley, Robert; Butterick, George F. (editor). <i>Charles Olson and Robert Creeley: The Complete Correspondence.</i> 10 vols. (Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press, 1980–1996)</li> <li><i>The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley, 1945–1975</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982).</li> <li><i>Echoes</i> (West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1982)</li> <li><i>A Calendar 1984</i> (West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1983)</li> <li><i>Mirrors</i> (New York: <a href="/wiki/New_Directions_Publishing" title="New Directions Publishing">New Directions</a>, 1983)</li> <li><i>The Collected Prose of Robert Creeley</i> (New York and London: Marion Boyars, 1984; corrected edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); current edition, Normal: Dalkey Archive Press, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56478-303-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56478-303-5">978-1-56478-303-5</a></li> <li><i>Memory Gardens</i> (New York: New Directions, 1986)</li> <li><i>The Company</i> (Providence: Burning Deck, 1988)</li> <li><i>Window</i> (Buffalo: The Poetry/Rare Books Collection, university at Buffalo, 1988)</li> <li><i>7 & 6</i> (Albuquerque: Hoshour Gallery, 1988)</li> <li><i>Dreams</i> (New York: Periphery / Salient Seedling Press, 1989)</li> <li><i>It</i> (Zürich, Switzerland: Bruno Bischofberger, 1989)</li> <li><i>Robert Creeley: a Selection, 1945–1987</i> (New York: Dia Art Foundation, 1989)</li> <li><i>Autobiography</i> (Madras, India and New York: Hanuman, 1990)</li> <li><i>Have a Heart</i> (Boise: Limberlost Press, 1990)</li> <li><i>Places</i> (Buffalo: Shuffaloff Press, 1990)</li> <li><i>Windows</i> (New York: New Directions, 1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8112-1123-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8112-1123-1">0-8112-1123-1</a></li> <li><i>Gnomic Verses</i> (La Laguna, Canary Islands: Zasterle Press, 1991)</li> <li><i>The Old Days</i> (Tarzana, Calif.: Ambrosia Press, 1991)</li> <li><i>Selected Poems</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991)</li> <li><i>Life & Death</i> (New York: Gagosian Gallery, 1993)</li> <li><i>Echoes</i> (New York: New Directions, 1994)</li> <li><i>Loops: Ten Poems</i> (Kripplebush, NY: Nadja, 1995)</li> <li><i>So There: Poems 1976–83</i> (New York: New Directions, 1998)</li> <li><i>Life & Death</i> (New York: New Directions, 1998)</li> <li><i>Daybook of a Virtual Poet</i> (Spuyten Duyvil, 1999)</li> <li><i>Just in Time: Poems 1984–1994</i> (New York: New Directions, 2001)</li> <li><i>If I Were Writing This</i> (New York: New Directions, 2003)</li> <li><i>On Earth: Last Poems and an Essay</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006)</li> <li><i>Collected Poems of Robert Creeley 1975–2005</i>, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Allen" title="Donald Allen">Allen, Donald M.</a> and Robert Creeley. <i>New American Story</i> (Grove Press, 2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-17298-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-17298-1">0-394-17298-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Reznikoff" title="Charles Reznikoff">Reznikoff, Charles</a> and Robert Creeley. <i>The Manner Music</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87685-325-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87685-325-4">0-87685-325-4</a></li> <li><i>Selected Poems, 1945–2005</i>, edited by Benjamin Friedlander; (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-25196-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-25196-2">0-520-25196-2</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Spanish translations: </p> <ul><li><i>En la tierra: últimos poemas y un ensayo</i> (México: Textofilia Ediciones, 2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-968-9459-02-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-968-9459-02-6">978-968-9459-02-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_appearances">Film appearances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Film appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Creeley</i> (directed by Bruce Jackson and Diane Christian), 1988.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetry_in_Motion_(film)" title="Poetry in Motion (film)">Poetry in Motion</a></i> (directed by Ron Mann), 1982.</li> <li><i>Black Mountain Blues</i> (work-in-progress directed by Colin Still of Optic Nerve), 2017.</li> <li>"For Will" short (directed by Grayson Goga and Grace Stalley), 2016</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley_Foundation" title="Robert Creeley Foundation">Robert Creeley Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albany.edu/writers.inst/webpages4/archives/creeley.html">"Robert White Creeley"</a>. <i>www.albany.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.albany.edu&rft.atitle=Robert+White+Creeley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albany.edu%2Fwriters.inst%2Fwebpages4%2Farchives%2Fcreeley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbfo.org/heritage-moments/2017-12-18/heritage-moments-time-to-think-of-it-all-robert-creeley-in-buffalo">"Heritage Moments: 'Time, to think of it all' — Robert Creeley in Buffalo"</a>. <i>WBFO</i>. December 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WBFO&rft.atitle=Heritage+Moments%3A+%E2%80%98Time%2C+to+think+of+it+all%E2%80%99+%E2%80%94+Robert+Creeley+in+Buffalo&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbfo.org%2Fheritage-moments%2F2017-12-18%2Fheritage-moments-time-to-think-of-it-all-robert-creeley-in-buffalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allpoetry.com/login">"Login : All Poetry"</a>. <i>allpoetry.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allpoetry.com&rft.atitle=Login+%3A+All+Poetry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallpoetry.com%2Flogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountauburn.org/notable-residents/robert-creeley-1926-2005/">"Robert Creeley (1926-2005) – Mount Auburn Cemetery"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Creeley+%281926-2005%29+%E2%80%93+Mount+Auburn+Cemetery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountauburn.org%2Fnotable-residents%2Frobert-creeley-1926-2005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poetry.arizona.edu/blog/interview-robert-creeley">"An Interview with Robert Creeley"</a>. <i>Poetry Center</i>. November 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Center&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Robert+Creeley&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoetry.arizona.edu%2Fblog%2Finterview-robert-creeley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndbooks.com/author/robert-creeley/">"Robert Creeley"</a>. New Directions Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Creeley&rft.pub=New+Directions+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndbooks.com%2Fauthor%2Frobert-creeley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jacketmagazine.com/26/adam-creeley.html">"Jacket 26 – October 2004 – Robert Adamson on Robert Creeley, 1926–2005"</a>. <i>jacketmagazine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jacketmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Jacket+26+%E2%80%93+October+2004+%E2%80%93+Robert+Adamson+on+Robert+Creeley%2C+1926%E2%80%932005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjacketmagazine.com%2F26%2Fadam-creeley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, B., <i>The Typewriter Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation</i> (New York: <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a>, 2010), pp. 114–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from Robert Creeley: <i>Selected Poems, 1945–2005</i>, edited by Benjamin Friedlander; (University of California Press, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger" class="citation web cs1">Schlesinger, Kyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110401183035/http://www.goldenhandcuffsreview.com/past/meaning.html">"Meaning: I Hear You"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenhandcuffsreview.com/past/meaning.html">the original</a> on April 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meaning%3A+I+Hear+You&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenhandcuffsreview.com%2Fpast%2Fmeaning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629035137/http://www.poltroonpress.com/creeley.html">"Interview by Alastair Johnston regarding Divers Press"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poltroonpress.com/creeley.html">the original</a> on June 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+by+Alastair+Johnston+regarding+Divers+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poltroonpress.com%2Fcreeley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis_EllinghamKevin_Killian1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis Ellingham; Kevin Killian (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poetbelikegodjac00elli"><i>Poet be like God: Jack Spicer and the San Francisco renaissance</i></a></span>. Wesleyan University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poetbelikegodjac00elli/page/345">345</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5308-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5308-9"><bdi>978-0-8195-5308-9</bdi></a>. <q>Bobbie Louise Hawkins.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poet+be+like+God%3A+Jack+Spicer+and+the+San+Francisco+renaissance&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-5308-9&rft.au=Lewis+Ellingham&rft.au=Kevin+Killian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoetbelikegodjac00elli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html">"New York"</a>. <i>US State Poets Laureate</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+State+Poets+Laureate&rft.atitle=New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fmain%2Fpoets%2Fnewyork.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterC.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+C&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest", January 30, 1968, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buffalo.edu/ubreporter/archive/vol28/vol28n06/f1a.html">"Robert White Creeley"</a>. State University of Buffalo Reporter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+White+Creeley&rft.pub=State+University+of+Buffalo+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalo.edu%2Fubreporter%2Farchive%2Fvol28%2Fvol28n06%2Ff1a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/archives/creeley.html">"Robert White Creeley"</a>. New York State Writers Institute, State University of New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+White+Creeley&rft.pub=New+York+State+Writers+Institute%2C+State+University+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albany.edu%2Fwriters-inst%2Fwebpages4%2Farchives%2Fcreeley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDB-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDB_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6181122/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"For Will"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>IMDB</i>. Amazon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDB&rft.atitle=%22For+Will%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt6181122%2F%3Fref_%3Dfn_al_tt_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/so-there-mw0000566951">"So There - Robert Creeley, Steve Swallow | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=So+There+-+Robert+Creeley%2C+Steve+Swallow+%26%23124%3B+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%26%23124%3B+AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fso-there-mw0000566951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">662 pgs, this volume collects <i>Hello: A Journal</i>, <i>Later</i>, <i>Mirrors</i>, <i>Memory Gardens</i>, <i>Windows</i>, <i>Echoes</i>, <i>Life & Death</i>, <i>If I were writing this</i>, <i>On Earth</i>, and 4 previously unpublished poems.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_resources">Research resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Research resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Faas, Ekbert (1990) <i>Irving Layton and Robert Creeley: The Complete Correspondence 1953-1978.</i> McGill-Queen's University Press.</li> <li>Faas, Ekbert (2001) <i>Robert Creeley: A Biography. McGill-Queen's University Press.</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7b69n911">Robert Creeley Papers, 1950–2005</a> (432 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.stanford.edu/">Stanford University Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130105111149/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/manuscripts/creeley.html">The Robert Creeley Papers at Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atom.archives.sfu.ca/index.php/robert-creeley-fonds">Records of Robert Creeley are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Readings and talks (audio files)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807102121/http://hcl.harvard.edu/poetryroom/listeningbooth/poets/creeley.cfm">Audio recordings of Robert Creeley</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Woodberry_Poetry_Room" title="Woodberry Poetry Room">Woodberry Poetry Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/mma039-01" class="extiw" title="iarchive:mma039-01">Robert Creeley Poetry Reading at Berkeley Poetry Conference, July 22, 1965</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Institute_College_of_Art" title="Maryland Institute College of Art">Maryland Institute College of Art</a>'s Decker Library, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/MMA37501" class="extiw" title="iarchive:MMA37501">Robert Creeley Poetry Reading, April 18, 1985</a>, from Maryland Institute College of Art's Decker Library, Internet Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opticnerve.co.uk/work_progress/robert-creeley">"Black Mountain Blues"</a>, various readings directed by Colin Still of Optic Nerve [Work in Progress]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naropa?query=robert+creeley">Audio recordings of Robert Creeley</a> from <a href="//archive.org/details/naropa" class="extiw" title="iarchive:naropa">Naropa Poetics Audio Archives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naropa_University" title="Naropa University">Naropa University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voca.arizona.edu/reader/creeley-robert">Audio recordings of Robert Creeley</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voca.arizona.edu/">Voca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Poetry_Center" title="University of Arizona Poetry Center">University of Arizona Poetry Center</a>'s audiovisual archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Creeley.php">Audio recordings of Robert Creeley</a> from <a href="/wiki/PennSound" title="PennSound">PennSound</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/poetrycenter/bundles/239479">Robert Creeley and John Wieners: Nov. 15, 1973</a> from <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/poetrycenter">Poetry Center Digital Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drc.libraries.uc.edu/browse/author?scope=d7a55297-7587-4205-8f37-43fc6772d779&value=Creeley,%20Robert,%201926-2005">Robert Creeley and Denise Levertov: panel discussion; November 14, 1984</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drc.libraries.uc.edu/collections/d7a55297-7587-4205-8f37-43fc6772d779">The Elliston Project</a>: Poetry Readings and Lectures at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Interviews</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328094817/http://www.ake.hacettepe.edu.tr/Install/JASTFiles/jast27.pdf">Robert Creeley Interview</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Gorski" title="Hedwig Gorski">Hedwig Gorski</a> transcript included in special Robert Creeley Issue, Journal of American Studies of Turkey (JAST), No. 27, Spring 2008.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis_MacAdams_and_Linda_Wagner-Martin1968" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_MacAdams" title="Lewis MacAdams">Lewis MacAdams</a> and Linda Wagner-Martin (Fall 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4241/the-art-of-poetry-no-10-robert-creeley">"Robert Creeley, The Art of Poetry No. 10"</a>. <i>The Paris Review</i>. Fall 1968 (44).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Robert+Creeley%2C+The+Art+of+Poetry+No.+10&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=Fall+1968&rft.issue=44&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Lewis+MacAdams+and+Linda+Wagner-Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F4241%2Fthe-art-of-poetry-no-10-robert-creeley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Creeley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030215020113/http://www.milkmag.org/20QCreeley.htm">20 Questions with Robert Creeley at Milk Magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memorious.org/?id=16">Interview by Robert Arnold</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sites, exhibits, artist pages</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-creeley">Robert Creeley: Profile, Poems, Essay, Audio at Poets.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=1509">Poems by Creeley at PoetryFoundation.org</a> includes links to over two dozen poems, an extensive bibliography, a perspicacious biography, and suggestions for further reading</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414012407/http://www.kerouacalley.com/creeley.html">Kerouac Alley: Robert Creeley</a> this feature is a <i>A Directory of the Beat Generation & Literature</i> and includes selected poems, a multimedia & internet directory, live feeds, and other resources</li></ul> <dl><dt>Others on Creeley including retrospectives, essays, tributes</dt></dl> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008202057/http://www.mywesttexas.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=16973455&BRD=2288&PAG=461&dept_id=475626&rfi=6">Writers' program adds color to Marfa</a>" a brief capsule of Creeley's last days at a writer's colony in West Texas where he died in March 2005, already ill with emphysema.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jacketmagazine.com/31/index.shtml">Feature: Robert Creeley (1926–2005)</a></i> this feature, edited by Michael Kelleher, with contributions by <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> & <a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a> among others</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalo.edu/reporter/vol38/vol38n6/articles/CreeleyConf.html">ON WORDS: A Conference on the Life and Work of Robert Creeley</a>" article about this Conference which was held Oct. 12–14, 2006 in Buffalo, NY.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Reviews and critical perspectives</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031060018/http://artvoice.com/issues/v5n41/reasserting_the_power_of_robert_creeleys_verse">On Words: Reasserting the Power of Robert Creeley's Verse</a> article by Michael Kelleher at Art Voice site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boundary2.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/3/251">Of Accumulation: The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley</a> by poet <a href="/wiki/Ben_Lerner" title="Ben Lerner">Ben Lerner</a>, this appeared in the print journal <i>boundary 2</i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Online poetry, poems and artist collaborations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2river.org/2RView/2_2/poems/anamorphosis.html">Anamorphosis</a>: Collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Clemente" title="Francesco Clemente">Francesco Clemente</a> at 2River</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2river.org/2RView/2_4/poems/creeley.html">American Dream</a>: Collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Indiana" title="Robert Indiana">Robert Indiana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2river.org/2RView/3_3/poems/creeley.html">Still Life</a>: Collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sultan" title="Donald Sultan">Donald Sultan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.add-verse.info">"Add-Verse" a poetry-photo-video project Creeley participated in</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945–196088" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Template:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Template talk:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945–196088" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="The New American Poetry 1945–1960">Poets in <i>The New American Poetry 1945–1960</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Blackburn_(poet)" title="Paul Blackburn (poet)">Paul Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Blaser" title="Robin Blaser">Robin Blaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bremser" title="Ray Bremser">Ray Bremser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Antoninus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother Antoninus">Brother Antoninus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broughton" title="James Broughton">James Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carroll_(poet)" title="Paul Carroll (poet)">Paul Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Corso" title="Gregory Corso">Gregory Corso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Creeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Doyle" title="Kirby Doyle">Kirby Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Eigner" title="Larry Eigner">Larry Eigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Field_(poet)" title="Edward Field (poet)">Edward Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeline_Gleason" title="Madeline Gleason">Madeline Gleason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Guest" title="Barbara Guest">Barbara Guest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeRoi_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="LeRoi Jones">LeRoi Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Koch" title="Kenneth Koch">Kenneth Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lamantia" title="Philip Lamantia">Philip Lamantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Levertov" title="Denise Levertov">Denise Levertov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Loewinsohn" title="Ron Loewinsohn">Ron Loewinsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McClure" title="Michael McClure">Michael McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Meltzer_(poet)" title="David Meltzer (poet)">David Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Hara" title="Frank O'Hara">Frank O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Oppenheimer" title="Joel Oppenheimer">Joel Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Orlovsky" title="Peter Orlovsky">Peter Orlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Schuyler" title="James Schuyler">James Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sorrentino" title="Gilbert Sorrentino">Gilbert Sorrentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Spicer" title="Jack Spicer">Jack Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Welch" title="Lew Welch">Lew Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Whalen" title="Philip Whalen">Philip Whalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(poet)" title="Jonathan Williams (poet)">Jonathan Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poets_Laureate_of_New_York30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NY_Poets_Laureate" title="Template:NY Poets Laureate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:NY_Poets_Laureate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:NY Poets Laureate (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NY_Poets_Laureate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NY Poets Laureate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poets_Laureate_of_New_York30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poets_Laureate_of_New_York" title="Poets Laureate of New York">Poets Laureate of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a> (1987–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Creeley</a> (1989–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a> (1991–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howard" title="Richard Howard">Richard Howard</a> (1993–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cooper" title="Jane Cooper">Jane Cooper</a> (1995–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Olds" title="Sharon Olds">Sharon Olds</a> (1998–2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a> (2001–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Collins" title="Billy Collins">Billy Collins</a> (2004–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Valentine" title="Jean Valentine">Jean Valentine</a> (2008–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Howe" title="Marie Howe">Marie Howe</a> (2012–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yusef_Komunyakaa" title="Yusef Komunyakaa">Yusef Komunyakaa</a> (2015–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Ostriker" title="Alicia Ostriker">Alicia Ostriker</a> (2018–2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Perdomo" title="Willie Perdomo">Willie Perdomo</a> (2020–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918620#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3652" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918620#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3652" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918620#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114549596">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109562114">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34147/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcGp33dcwctBHHkYmgBT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118670514">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043504">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12027578v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12027578v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35032098">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000601225&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX868874">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/75260">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068636105">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90081143">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Creeley, Robert, 1926-2005"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000340897&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000050632&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201814062">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mppkjt4vk60m2">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810635606505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/300017">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260137805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058527105006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14240862">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02227040?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500469170">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/49e173ee-3c9a-44fe-b36f-43ace586a6f0">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/1300">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/804788">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118670514.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118670514">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028441230">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kp80v7">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&oldid=1280020080">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&oldid=1280020080</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_births" title="Category:1926 births">1926 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2005_deaths" title="Category:2005 deaths">2005 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Category:People from Arlington, Massachusetts">People from Arlington, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_poets" title="Category:American male poets">American male poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beat_Generation_poets" title="Category:Beat Generation poets">Beat Generation poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_tax_resisters" title="Category:American tax resisters">American tax resisters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Mountain_poets" title="Category:Black Mountain poets">Black Mountain poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brown_University_faculty" title="Category:Brown University faculty">Brown University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Mountain_College_alumni" title="Category:Black Mountain College alumni">Black Mountain College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_alumni" title="Category:Harvard University alumni">Harvard University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_at_Buffalo_faculty" title="Category:University at Buffalo faculty">University at Buffalo faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Waldoboro,_Maine" title="Category:People from Waldoboro, Maine">People from Waldoboro, Maine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poets_Laureate_of_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Poets Laureate of New York (state)">Poets Laureate of New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pneumonia_in_Texas" title="Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Texas">Deaths from pneumonia in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Category:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery">Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bollingen_Prize_recipients" title="Category:Bollingen Prize recipients">Bollingen Prize recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_poets" title="Category:20th-century American poets">20th-century American poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fulbright_Distinguished_Chairs" title="Category:Fulbright Distinguished Chairs">Fulbright Distinguished Chairs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Book_Award_winners" title="Category:American Book Award winners">American Book Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century American male writers">20th-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holderness_School_alumni" title="Category:Holderness School alumni">Holderness School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Field_Service_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:American Field Service personnel of World War II">American Field Service personnel of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters">Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2018">Use mdy dates from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2009">Articles needing additional references from March 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from December 2017">Articles that may contain original research from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_June_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2019">Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 March 2025, at 00:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Creeley&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Creeley</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>17 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8b65f9bb4-vn6zb","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.983","walltime":"1.254","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4874,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":89118,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5021,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":110169,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1088.953 1 -total"," 17.39% 189.383 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 17.13% 186.530 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.75% 182.451 1 Template:Infobox"," 13.14% 143.058 15 Template:Cite_web"," 12.23% 133.167 10 Template:ISBN"," 11.55% 125.809 2 Template:Navbox"," 11.51% 125.385 1 Template:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945–1960"," 10.75% 117.089 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.51% 114.433 3 Template:Br_separated_entries"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.567","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8463560,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-9859d99b7-mvvgv","timestamp":"20250325193808","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Robert Creeley","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Creeley","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q918620","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q918620","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-29T10:34:17Z","dateModified":"2025-03-12T00:05:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a3\/Creeley.jpg","headline":"American poet (1926-2005)"}</script> </body> </html>