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id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="সাংখ্যিক বিশ্লেষণ – ആസ്സാമീസ്" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাংখ্যিক বিশ্লেষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ആസ്സാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%C3%ADs_numb%C3%A9ricu" title="Analís numbéricu – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Analís numbéricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fd%C9%99di_analiz" title="Ədədi analiz – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ədədi analiz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Һанлы ысулдар – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һанлы ысулдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Лікавыя метады – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лікавыя метады" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Лікавы аналіз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лікавы аналіз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Числен анализ – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Числен анализ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="সাংখ্যিক বিশ্লেষণ – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংখ্যিক বিশ্লেষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri%C4%8Dka_analiza" title="Numerička analiza – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Numerička analiza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A0lisi_num%C3%A8rica" title="Anàlisi numèrica – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anàlisi numèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شیکاریی ژمارەیی – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیکاریی ژمارەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerick%C3%A1_matematika" title="Numerická matematika – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Numerická matematika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadansoddiad_rhifiadol" title="Dadansoddiad rhifiadol – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dadansoddiad rhifiadol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerisk_analyse" title="Numerisk analyse – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Numerisk analyse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerische_Mathematik" title="Numerische Mathematik – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Numerische Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αριθμητική ανάλυση – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμητική ανάλυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Numerical analysis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifereca_analitiko" title="Cifereca analitiko – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cifereca analitiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A1lisis_num%C3%A9rico" title="Análisis numérico – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Análisis numérico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvutusmatemaatika" title="Arvutusmatemaatika – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvutusmatemaatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenbakizko_analisi" title="Zenbakizko analisi – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zenbakizko analisi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آنالیز عددی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنالیز عددی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeerinen_analyysi" title="Numeerinen analyysi – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Numeerinen analyysi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_num%C3%A9rique" title="Analyse numérique – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Analyse numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeerisk_matematiik" title="Numeerisk matematiik – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Numeerisk matematiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anail%C3%ADs_uimhri%C3%BAil" title="Anailís uimhriúil – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Anailís uimhriúil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A1lise_num%C3%A9rica" title="Análise numérica – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Análise numérica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנליזה נומרית – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנליזה נומרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="संख्यात्मक विश्लेषण – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संख्यात्मक विश्लेषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Numerical analysis" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri%C4%8Dka_analiza" title="Numerička analiza – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Numerička analiza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerikus_anal%C3%ADzis" title="Numerikus analízis – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Numerikus analízis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թվային մեթոդներ – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվային մեթոդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis_numerik" title="Analisis numerik – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Analisis numerik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6luleg_greining" title="Töluleg greining – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Töluleg greining" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisi_numerica" title="Analisi numerica – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Analisi numerica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%A4%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="数値解析 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="数値解析" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="რიცხვითი ანალიზი – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიცხვითი ანალიზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Есептеу математикасы – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Есептеу математикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%B9%98%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9D%ED%95%99" title="수치해석학 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수치해석학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_numerica" title="Analysis numerica – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Analysis numerica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeresch_Mathematik" title="Numeresch Mathematik – ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Numeresch Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skai%C4%8Diavimo_metodai" title="Skaičiavimo metodai – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skaičiavimo metodai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skait%C4%BCo%C5%A1anas_matem%C4%81tika" title="Skaitļošanas matemātika – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaitļošanas matemātika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бројчена анализа – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бројчена анализа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Тоон анализ – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тоон анализ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis_berangka" title="Analisis berangka – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Analisis berangka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerieke_wiskunde" title="Numerieke wiskunde – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Numerieke wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerisk_analyse" title="Numerisk analyse – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Numerisk analyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerisk_analyse" title="Numerisk analyse – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Numerisk analyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisi_numerica" title="Analisi numerica – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Analisi numerica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A3" title="ਅੰਕੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਕੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analiza_numeryczna" title="Analiza numeryczna – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Analiza numeryczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B2" title="نمبری انیلیسز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نمبری انیلیسز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A1lise_num%C3%A9rica" title="Análise numérica – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Análise numérica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analiz%C4%83_numeric%C4%83" title="Analiză numerică – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Analiză numerică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Численные методы – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Численные методы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A0lisi_num%C3%A8rica" title="Anàlisi numèrica – സർഡിനിയാൻ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Anàlisi numèrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="സർഡിനിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Numerical analysis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri%C4%8Dka_analiza" title="Numerička analiza – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Numerička analiza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="සංඛ්‍යාමය විශ්ලේෂණය – സിംഹള" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංඛ්‍යාමය විශ්ලේෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="സിംഹള" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Numerical analysis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerick%C3%A1_matematika" title="Numerická matematika – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Numerická matematika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri%C4%8Dna_matematika" title="Numerična matematika – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Numerična matematika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analiza_numerike" title="Analiza numerike – അൽബേനിയൻ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Analiza numerike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="അൽബേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Нумеричка анализа – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нумеричка анализа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis_numeris" title="Analisis numeris – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Analisis numeris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerisk_analys" title="Numerisk analys – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Numerisk analys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchambuzi_namba" title="Uchambuzi namba – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchambuzi namba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்சார் பகுப்பியல் – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்சார் பகுப்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82" title="การวิเคราะห์เชิงตัวเลข – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การวิเคราะห์เชิงตัวเลข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsusuring_pambilang" title="Pagsusuring pambilang – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsusuring pambilang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_analiz" title="Sayısal analiz – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sayısal analiz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusanthula_Vipendero" title="Kusanthula Vipendero – ടുംബുക" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kusanthula Vipendero" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ടുംബുക" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Чисельні методи – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чисельні методи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="عددی تحلیل – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عددی تحلیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisoblash_matematikasi" title="Hisoblash matematikasi – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hisoblash matematikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3i_t%C3%ADch_s%E1%BB%91" title="Giải tích số – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giải tích số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihapnon_nga_analisis" title="Ihapnon nga analisis – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ihapnon nga analisis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="数值分析" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96" title="נומערישער אנאליז – യിദ്ദിഷ്" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נומערישער אנאליז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="യിദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="数值分析" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2%CD%98-ta%CC%8Dt_k%C3%A1i-sek" title="Sò͘-ta̍t kái-sek – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sò͘-ta̍t kái-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="數值分析 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數值分析" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11216#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Ybc7289-bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ybc7289-bw.jpg/250px-Ybc7289-bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Ybc7289-bw.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>ബാബിലോണിയയിലെ കളിമൺ ഫലകം (വൈബിസി 7289) ബി.സി. 1800–1600 കാലഘട്ടത്തുനിന്ന്. രണ്ടിന്റെ വർഗ്ഗമൂലം 1 + 24/60 + 51/60<sup>2</sup> + 10/60<sup>3</sup> = 1.41421296... എന്നാണ് കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>യഥാർത്ഥ ലക്ഷ്യത്തിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും അടുത്ത ഏകദേശ മൂല്യം നൽകുന്ന ആൽഗോരിതങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിനെയാണ് <b>സംഖ്യാവിശകലനം (Numerical analysis)</b> എന്നുവിളിക്കുന്നത്. </p><p>ബാബിലോണിയയിൽ നിന്ന് ലഭിച്ച ഒരു കളിമൺ ഫലകമാണ് ഇത്തരത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും പഴയ വിശകലനങ്ങളിലൊന്ന്. വൈബിസി 7289 എന്ന ഈ ഫലകം <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4afc1e27d418021bf10898eb44a7f5f315735ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.098ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}"></span>-ന്റെ എട്ട് ദശാംശസ്ഥാനം വരെയുള്ള ഏകദേശമൂല്യം നൽകുന്നുണ്ട്. ഇത് ഒരു സമചതുരത്തിന്റെ കർണ്ണരേഖയുടെ (ഡയഗണൽ) നീളം കണ്ടുപിടിക്കാനും ത്രികോണത്തിന്റെ വശങ്ങളുടെ അളവുകൾ നിർണ്ണയിക്കാനും ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്. മരപ്പണിക്കും കെട്ടിടനിർമ്മാണത്തിനും ഈ അറിവ് ഉപകാരപ്രദമാണ്. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>മിക്ക ആധുനിക സംഖ്യാവിശകലന സമ്പ്രദായങ്ങളും കൃത്യമായ ഉത്തരം കണ്ടുപിടിക്കാനല്ല, മറിച്ച് ഏറ്റവും കൃത്യമായ ഉത്തരം (ചെറിയ തെറ്റുകളോടെയാണെങ്കിലും) കണ്ടുപിടിക്കാനാണ് ശ്രമിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതുതന്നെയാണ് ബാബിലോണിലെ കളിമൺ ഫലകത്തിലും ചെയ്തിട്ടുള്ളത്. </p><p>എഞ്ചിനിയറിംഗ്, ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം, ജീവശാസ്ത്രം, കല എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും സംഖ്യാവിശകലനം ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="കുറിപ്പുകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>കുറിപ്പുകൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കുറിപ്പുകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://it.stlawu.edu/%7Edmelvill/mesomath/tablets/YBC7289.html">യേൽ ബാബിലോണിയൻ ശേഖരത്തിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഫോട്ടോയും ചിത്രീകരണവും വിവരണവും</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Zealand Qualification authority specifically mentions this skill in document 13004 version 2, dated 17 October 2003 titled <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/nqfdocs/units/pdf/13004.pdf">CARPENTRY THEORY: Demonstrate knowledge of setting out a building</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>അവലംബങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGilat2004" class="citation book cs1">Gilat, Amos (2004). <i>MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications</i> (2nd edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-471-69420-7" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-471-69420-7"><bdi>0-471-69420-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MATLAB%3A+An+Introduction+with+Applications&rft.edition=2nd+edition&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-471-69420-7&rft.aulast=Gilat&rft.aufirst=Amos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|edition=</code> has extra text (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#extra_text_edition" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|coauthors=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_B._Hildebrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis B. Hildebrand (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Hildebrand, F. B.</a> (1974). <i>Introduction to Numerical Analysis</i> (2nd edition ed.). McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-07-028761-9" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-07-028761-9"><bdi>0-07-028761-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Numerical+Analysis&rft.edition=2nd+edition&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-07-028761-9&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=F.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|edition=</code> has extra text (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#extra_text_edition" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLeader2004" class="citation book cs1">Leader, Jeffery J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numericalanalysi0000lead"><i>Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computation</i></a>. Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-201-73499-0" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-201-73499-0"><bdi>0-201-73499-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numerical+Analysis+and+Scientific+Computation&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-201-73499-0&rft.aulast=Leader&rft.aufirst=Jeffery+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnumericalanalysi0000lead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Trefethen, Lloyd N. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/trefethen/NAessay.pdf">"Numerical analysis"</a>, 20 pages. In: Timothy Gowers and June Barrow-Green (editors), <i>Princeton Companion of Mathematics</i>, Princeton University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFHigham1966" class="citation book cs1">Higham, Nicholas J. (1966). <i>Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0898713552" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89871-355-2</a>)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accuracy+and+Stability+of+Numerical+Algorithms+%28Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics%2C+ISBN+0-89871-355-2%29&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Higham&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFGene_F._Golub_and_Charles_F._van_Loan1986" class="citation book cs1">Gene F. Golub and Charles F. van Loan (1986). <i>Matrix Computations, Third Edition (Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-5413)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matrix+Computations%2C+Third+Edition+%28Johns+Hopkins+University+Press%2C+ISBN+0-8018-5413%29&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Gene+F.+Golub+and+Charles+F.+van+Loan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFJ.H._Wilkinson_M.A.,_D._Sc." class="citation book cs1">J.H. Wilkinson M.A., D. Sc. (1965)). <i>The Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem (Clarendon Press)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Algebraic+Eigenvalue+Problem+%28Clarendon+Press%29&rft.au=J.H.+Wilkinson+M.A.%2C+D.+Sc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: year (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_maint:_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 maint: year (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFKahan,_W._[1972]" class="citation journal cs1">Kahan, W. [1972]. "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A survey of error-analysis," in Info. Processing 71 (Proc. IFIP Congress 71 in Ljubljana), vol. 2, pp. 1214–39, North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9CA+survey+of+error-analysis%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Info.+Processing+71+%28Proc.+IFIP+Congress+71+in+Ljubljana%29%2C+vol.+2%2C+pp.+1214%E2%80%9339%2C+North-Holland+Publishing%2C+Amsterdam&rft.au=Kahan%2C+W.+%5B1972%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_journal" title="ഫലകം:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> (examples of the importance of accurate arithmetic).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറത്തേയ്ക്കുള്ള_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B3_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറത്തേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറത്തേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ജേണൽ</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN362160546">Numerische Mathematik</a>, volumes 1-66, Springer, 1959-1994 (searchable; pages are images). <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/0029-599X">Numerische Mathematik at SpringerLink</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121208202239/http://www.springerlink.com/content/0029-599X">Archived</a> 2012-12-08 at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.is (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Archive.is</a>, volumes 1-112, Springer, 1959–2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siamdl.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=SJNAAM">SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis</a>, volumes 1-47, SIAM, 1964–2009</li></ul> <p><b>സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയറും കോഡും</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~tomek/Fortran/num_meth.html">Numerical methods for Fortran programmers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apropos-logic.com/nc/">Java Number Cruncher</a> features free, downloadable code samples that graphically illustrate common numerical algorithms</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifh.uni-karlsruhe.de/people/fenton/Lectures.html">Excel Implementations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718110037/http://www.ifh.uni-karlsruhe.de/people/fenton/Lectures.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akiti.ca/Mathfxns.html">Several Numerical Mathematical Utilities (in Javascript)</a></li></ul> <p><b>ഓൺലൈൻ</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nr.com/oldverswitcher.html"><i>Numerical Recipes</i></a>, William H. Press (free, downloadable previous editions)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kr.cs.ait.ac.th/~radok/math/mat7/stepsa.htm#Numerical%20Analysis"><i>First Steps in Numerical Analysis</i></a>, R.J.Hosking, S.Joe, D.C.Joyce, and J.C.Turner</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~dwharder/NumericalAnalysis/"><i>Numerical Analysis for Engineering</i></a>, D. W. Harder</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.ornl.gov/csep/CSEP/TEXTOC.html"><i>CSEP</i> (Computational Science Education Project)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Department_of_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Department of Energy (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">U.S. Department of Energy</a></li></ul> <p><b>പഠനസാമഗ്രികൾ</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/fdl/people/sd103/lectures/nummeth98/index.htm#L_1_Title_Page">Numerical Methods</a>, Stuart Dalziel <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.upenn.edu/~wilf/DeturckWilf.pdf">Lectures on Numerical Analysis</a>, Dennis Deturck and Herbert S. Wilf <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifh.uni-karlsruhe.de/people/fenton/LectureNotes/Numerical-Methods.pdf">Numerical methods</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Link_rot" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Link rot">പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി</a></i>]</span></sup>, John D. Fenton <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Karlsruhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Karlsruhe (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">University of Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/">Numerical Methods for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics</a>, Autar Kaw <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Florida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of South Florida (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">University of South Florida</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.fullerton.edu/mathews/numerical.html">Numerical Analysis Project</a>, John H. 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