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(PDF) Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="ct6SDfO7kQEqgoLUEgANGbwhjHvPK-2lqAXJw_Ps_qQL-6sDayntnNMR_xq_iO2ldVD-myvm4jt2modYzhFFEA" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1997/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Human Genetics" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Elena Straus" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10202996/Mitochondrial_DNA_variation_and_the_origin_of_the_Europeans" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10202996/Mitochondrial_DNA_variation_and_the_origin_of_the_Europeans" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaStraus" /> <meta name="description" content="Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust" /> <title>(PDF) Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/12303684/Mitochondrial_DNA_variation_and_the_origin_of_the_Europeans" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740544936000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740544936000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust east-west gradient. Within-population diversity (ascertained through various parameters) and mean pairwise differences declined from east to west, in a pattern compatible with ancient population migration and expansion from the Middle East. Estimated expansion times indicate a Paleolithic event with important differences among populations according to their geographical position and thus a slower tempo than previously believed. The replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans, fully compatible with the present results, may have been a slower and more complex process than cultural change suggests.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Elena Straus","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaStraus"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-01-17","datePublished":"1997-01-01","headline":"Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47486093/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Genetics","Human Genetics","Complementary and Alternative Medicine","Middle East","Cultural change","Phylogeny","Mitochondrial DNA","Europe","Genetic variation"],"publication":"Human 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{"work":{"id":10202996,"created_at":"2015-01-17T04:39:45.016-08:00","from_world_paper_id":129539717,"updated_at":"2024-11-29T16:01:45.901-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust east-west gradient. Within-population diversity (ascertained through various parameters) and mean pairwise differences declined from east to west, in a pattern compatible with ancient population migration and expansion from the Middle East. Estimated expansion times indicate a Paleolithic event with important differences among populations according to their geographical position and thus a slower tempo than previously believed. The replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans, fully compatible with the present results, may have been a slower and more complex process than cultural change suggests.","ai_title_tag":"Mitochondrial DNA Variation Reveals European Origins","publication_date":"1997,,","publication_name":"Human Genetics"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [24942289]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47486093,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47486093/mini_magick20190206-9501-sthcxn.png?1549500425" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24942289" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaStraus"><img alt="Profile image of Elena Straus" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Elena Straus</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1997, Human Genetics</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 10202996; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=10202996"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were analyzed in nine European and West Asian populations. They showed low genetic heterogeneity when compared to world populations. However, a Caucasoid population tree displayed a robust east-west gradient. Within-population diversity (ascertained through various parameters) and mean pairwise differences declined from east to west, in a pattern compatible with ancient population migration and expansion from the Middle East. Estimated expansion times indicate a Paleolithic event with important differences among populations according to their geographical position and thus a slower tempo than previously believed. The replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans, fully compatible with the present results, may have been a slower and more complex process than cultural change suggests.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47486093,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10202996/Mitochondrial_DNA_variation_and_the_origin_of_the_Europeans"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47486093,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10202996/Mitochondrial_DNA_variation_and_the_origin_of_the_Europeans"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="10202996" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aspects of Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Different Populations for Understanding Human Evolution","attachmentId":49236219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28815721/Aspects_of_Ancient_Mitochondrial_DNA_Analysis_in_Different_Populations_for_Understanding_Human_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28815721/Aspects_of_Ancient_Mitochondrial_DNA_Analysis_in_Different_Populations_for_Understanding_Human_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="7560648" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7560648/Geographic_Variation_in_Human_Mitochondrial_DNA_Control_Region_Sequence_The_Population_History_of_Turkey_and_its_Relationship_to_the_European_Populations">Geographic Variation in Human Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Sequence: The Population History of Turkey and its Relationship to the European Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13590192" href="https://upf.academia.edu/JaumeBertranpetit">Jaume Bertranpetit</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Geographic Variation in Human Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Sequence: The Population History of Turkey and its Relationship to the European Populations","attachmentId":34120805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7560648/Geographic_Variation_in_Human_Mitochondrial_DNA_Control_Region_Sequence_The_Population_History_of_Turkey_and_its_Relationship_to_the_European_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7560648/Geographic_Variation_in_Human_Mitochondrial_DNA_Control_Region_Sequence_The_Population_History_of_Turkey_and_its_Relationship_to_the_European_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="47839495" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47839495/Paleolithic_and_Neolithic_Lineages_in_the_European_Mitochondrial_Gene_Pool">Paleolithic and Neolithic Lineages in the European Mitochondrial Gene Pool</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="510016" href="https://hud.academia.edu/MartinRichards">Martin B Richards</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Human Genetics, 1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Phylogenetic and diversity analysis of the mtDNA control region sequence variation of 821 individuals from Europe and the Middle East distinguishes five major lineage groups with different internal diversities and divergence times. Consideration of the diversities and geographic distribution of these groups within Europe and the Middle East leads to the conclusion that ancestors of the great majority of modern, extant lineages entered Europe during the Upper Paleolithic. A further set of lineages arrived from the Middle East much later, and their age and geographic distribution within Europe correlates well with archaeological evidence for two culturally and geographically distinct Neolithic colonization events that are associated with the spread of agriculture. It follows from this interpretation that the major extant lineages throughout Europe predate the Neolithic expansion and that the spread of agriculture was a substantially indigenous development accompanied by only a relatively minor component of contemporary Middle Eastern agriculturalists. There is no evidence of any surviving Neanderthal lineages among modern Europeans.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Paleolithic and Neolithic Lineages in the European Mitochondrial Gene Pool","attachmentId":66756069,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47839495/Paleolithic_and_Neolithic_Lineages_in_the_European_Mitochondrial_Gene_Pool","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47839495/Paleolithic_and_Neolithic_Lineages_in_the_European_Mitochondrial_Gene_Pool"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="25063282" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25063282/A_Time_Series_of_Prehistoric_Mitochondrial_DNA_Reveals_Western_European_Genetic_Diversity_Was_Largely_Established_by_the_Bronze_Age">A Time Series of Prehistoric Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Western European Genetic Diversity Was Largely Established by the Bronze Age</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28173472" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MurrayCox">Murray Cox</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advances in Anthropology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A major unanswered question concerns the roles of continuity versus change in prehistoric Europe. For the first time, genetic samples of reasonable size taken at multiple time points are revealing piecemeal snapshots of European prehistory at different dates and places across the continent. Here, we pull these disparate datasets together to illustrate how human genetic variation has changed spatially and temporally in Europe from the Mesolithic through to the present day. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups were determined for 532 European individuals from four major eras: the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic (late Neolithic/early Bronze Age transition) and Modern periods. The Mesolithic was characterized by low mtDNA diversity. These initial European settler haplogroups declined rapidly in the Neolithic, as farmers from the east introduced a new suite of mtDNA lineages into Western Europe. For the first time, we show that the Chalcolithic was also a time of substantial genetic change in Europe. However, rather than the arrival of new mtDNA lineages, this period was characterized by major fluctuations in the frequencies of existing haplogroups. Besides the expansion of haplogroup H, there were few major changes in mtDNA diversity from the Chalcolithic to modern times, thus suggesting that the basic profile of modern western European mtDNA diversity was largely established by the Bronze Age.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Time Series of Prehistoric Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Western European Genetic Diversity Was Largely Established by the Bronze Age","attachmentId":45385460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25063282/A_Time_Series_of_Prehistoric_Mitochondrial_DNA_Reveals_Western_European_Genetic_Diversity_Was_Largely_Established_by_the_Bronze_Age","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25063282/A_Time_Series_of_Prehistoric_Mitochondrial_DNA_Reveals_Western_European_Genetic_Diversity_Was_Largely_Established_by_the_Bronze_Age"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="21566849" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21566849/Pleistocene_Mitochondrial_Genomes_Suggest_a_Single_Major_Dispersal_of_Non_Africans_and_a_Late_Glacial_Population_Turnover_in_Europe">Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="638442" href="https://csun.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neRougier">Hélène Rougier</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="846435" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CedricBeauval">Cedric Beauval</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2448144" href="https://mae.academia.edu/frederiquevalentin">Frederique C Valentin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="351698" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens">Herve Bocherens</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46061873" href="https://independent.academia.edu/annamariaronchitelli">annamaria ronchitelli</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="884782" href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/DamienFlas">Damien Flas</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="637679" href="https://u-bordeaux1.academia.edu/IsabelleCrevecoeur">Isabelle Crevecoeur</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe","attachmentId":44370148,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21566849/Pleistocene_Mitochondrial_Genomes_Suggest_a_Single_Major_Dispersal_of_Non_Africans_and_a_Late_Glacial_Population_Turnover_in_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21566849/Pleistocene_Mitochondrial_Genomes_Suggest_a_Single_Major_Dispersal_of_Non_Africans_and_a_Late_Glacial_Population_Turnover_in_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="19722105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19722105/Towards_the_understanding_of_post_glacial_spread_of_human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroups_in_Europe_and_beyond_a_phylogeographic_approach_">Towards the understanding of post-glacial spread of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Europe and beyond : a phylogeographic approach /</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4730935" href="https://ebc.academia.edu/KristiinaTambets">Kristiina Tambets</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards the understanding of post-glacial spread of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Europe and beyond : a phylogeographic approach /","attachmentId":42042773,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19722105/Towards_the_understanding_of_post_glacial_spread_of_human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroups_in_Europe_and_beyond_a_phylogeographic_approach_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19722105/Towards_the_understanding_of_post_glacial_spread_of_human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroups_in_Europe_and_beyond_a_phylogeographic_approach_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="25178347" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25178347/Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations">Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48485132" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrinaDambueva">Irina Dambueva</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32360738" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardVillems">Richard Villems</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Human Genetics, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To elucidate the human colonization process of northern Asia and human dispersals to the Americas, a diverse subset of 71 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages was chosen for complete genome sequencing from the collection of 1,432 control-region sequences sampled from 18 autochthonous populations of northern, central, eastern, and southwestern Asia. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequencing, we have revised the classification of haplogroups A, D2, G1, M7, and I; identified six new subhaplogroups (I4, N1e, G1c, M7d, M7e, and J1b2a); and fully characterized haplogroups N1a and G1b, which were previously described only by the first hypervariable segment (HVS1) sequencing and coding-region restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Our findings indicate that the southern Siberian mtDNA pool harbors several lineages associated with the Late Upper Paleolithic and/or early Neolithic dispersals from both eastern Asia and southwestern Asia/southern Caucasus. Moreover, the phylogeography of the D2 lineages suggests that southern Siberia is likely to be a geographical source for the last postglacial maximum spread of this subhaplogroup to northern Siberia and that the expansion of the D2b branch occurred in Beringia ∼7,000 years ago. In general, a detailed analysis of mtDNA gene pools of northern Asians provides the additional evidence to rule out the existence of a northern Asian route for the initial human colonization of Asia.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations","attachmentId":45494478,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25178347/Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25178347/Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="69603627" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69603627/ARTICLE_Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations">ARTICLE Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48485132" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrinaDambueva">Irina Dambueva</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To elucidate the human colonization process of northern Asia and human dispersals to the Americas, a diverse subset of 71 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages was chosen for complete genome sequencing from the collection of 1,432 control-region sequences sampled from 18 autochthonous populations of northern, central, eastern, and southwestern Asia. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequencing, we have revised the classification of haplogroups A, D2, G1, M7, and I; identified six new subhaplogroups (I4, N1e, G1c, M7d, M7e, and J1b2a); and fully characterized haplogroups N1a and G1b, which were previously described only by the first hypervariable segment (HVS1) sequencing and coding-region restriction-fragment–length polymorphism analysis. Our findings indicate that the southern Siberian mtDNA pool harbors several lineages associated with the Late Upper Paleolithic and/or early Neolithic dispersals from both eastern Asia and southwestern Asia/southern Caucasus. Moreover, the phylogeography...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ARTICLE Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations","attachmentId":79635063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69603627/ARTICLE_Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69603627/ARTICLE_Phylogeographic_Analysis_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Northern_Asian_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="118364349" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118364349/No_evidence_of_Neandertal_admixture_in_the_mitochondrial_genomes_of_early_European_modern_humans_and_contemporary_Europeans">No evidence of Neandertal admixture in the mitochondrial genomes of early European modern humans and contemporary Europeans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="811365" href="https://ferrara.academia.edu/SilviaGhirotto">Silvia Ghirotto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Neandertals, the archaic human form documented in Eurasia until 29,000 years ago, share no mitochondrial haplotype with modern Europeans. Whether this means that the two groups were reproductively isolated is controversial, and indeed nuclear data have been interpreted as suggesting that they admixed. We explored the range of demographic parameters that may have generated the observed mitochondrial diversity, simulating 3.0 million genealogies under six models differing as for the relationships among contemporary Europeans, Neandertals, and Upper Palaeolithic European early modern humans (EEMH), who coexisted with Neandertals for millennia. We compared by Approximate Bayesian Computations the simulation results with mito-chondrial diversity in 7 Neandertals, 3 EEMH, and 150 opportunely chosen modern Europeans. A model of genealogical continuity between EEMH and contemporary Europeans, with no Neandertal contribution, received overwhelming support from the analyses. The maximum degree of Neandertal admixture, under the model of gene flow supported by nuclear data, was estimated at 1.5%, but this model proved 20-32 times less likely than a model without any gene flow. Nuclear and mitochondrial evidence might be reconciled if smaller population sizes led to faster lineage sorting for mitochondrial DNA, and Neandertals shared a longer period of common ancestry with the non-African's than with the African's ancestors. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:242-252, 2011. V</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"No evidence of Neandertal admixture in the mitochondrial genomes of early European modern humans and contemporary Europeans","attachmentId":114009236,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118364349/No_evidence_of_Neandertal_admixture_in_the_mitochondrial_genomes_of_early_European_modern_humans_and_contemporary_Europeans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118364349/No_evidence_of_Neandertal_admixture_in_the_mitochondrial_genomes_of_early_European_modern_humans_and_contemporary_Europeans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="5146605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5146605/Mitochondrial_DNA_affinities_at_the_Atlantic_fringe_of_Europe">Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6946557" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Cabreravicente">vicente Cabrera</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe","attachmentId":32346337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5146605/Mitochondrial_DNA_affinities_at_the_Atlantic_fringe_of_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5146605/Mitochondrial_DNA_affinities_at_the_Atlantic_fringe_of_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47486093,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47486093,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47486093" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="23771467" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23771467/The_Place_of_the_Indian_Mitochondrial_DNA_Variants_in_the_Global_Network_of_Maternal_Lineages_and_the_Peopling_of_the_Old_World">The Place of the Indian Mitochondrial DNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24347761" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaitMetspalu">Mait Metspalu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genomic Diversity, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="27171337" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27171337/2014_Neolithic_mitochondrial_haplogroup_H_genomes_and_the_genetic_origins_of_Europeans_pdf">2014 Neolithic mitochondrial haplogroup H genomes and the genetic origins of Europeans.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2014624" href="https://mkuniversity.academia.edu/PITCHAPPANRAMASAMY">PITCHAPPAN RAMASAMY</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2014 Neolithic mitochondrial haplogroup H genomes and the genetic origins of 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ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78145113/Major_genomic_mitochondrial_lineages_delineate_early_human_expansions">Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6946557" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Cabreravicente">vicente Cabrera</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Genetics, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions","attachmentId":85295321,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78145113/Major_genomic_mitochondrial_lineages_delineate_early_human_expansions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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