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class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="body"><p><span lang="nl">De Unesco Jongerencommissie introduceert een artikelenreeks genaamd </span><em><span lang="nl">Perspectieven op Persvrijheid</span></em><span lang="nl">, waarin om de paar weken een nieuw stuk verschijnt. Elk artikel richt zich op een specifiek thema en kan verschillende vormen aannemen, zoals een interview, opiniestuk of reportage.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="cover"> <div class="field field--name-field-cover-photo field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_cover_photo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/publication/public/2025-01/journalist_SH.jpg?itok=QrPd-mlq" width="700" height="992" alt="Ster Hakim, journalist van Al Jazeera. (Foto: كورديشي | CC BY-SA 4.0 | via Wikimedia Commons)" title="Ster Hakim, journalist van Al Jazeera (Foto: كورديشي | CC BY-SA 4.0 | via Wikimedia Commons)" class="image-style-publication lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-pagetitle--2" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div class="region"> <h1 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Introductie: persvrijheid begint bij persveiligheid</span> </h1> </div> </div> <div id="block-weergavemodeblok" class="page-title block block-cinnamon-displaymode-block block-display-mode-block"> <div class="region"> <div data-history-node-id="3062" class="node node--type-chapters node--view-mode-title ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="node_title"><h1 class="page-title"> Introductie: persvrijheid begint bij persveiligheid </h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <div class="region region-main"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Overslaan en naar de inhoud gaan </a> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <article class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="block narrow back-to-list"> <div class="region"><a href="/werelderfgoedkaart/list">De lijst</a></div> </div> <div id="block-weergavemodeblok-3" class="block block-cinnamon-displaymode-block block-display-mode-block"> <div class="region"> <div data-history-node-id="3062" class="node node--type-chapters node--view-mode-intro ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-intro field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_intro"><p><span lang="nl">Dit introductiestuk dient om lezers een helder overzicht te bieden van het concept persvrijheid en het belang van persveiligheid, en vormt daarmee de basis voor een verdere verkenning van dit cruciale onderwerp.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-publicatieinfoblok-3" class="top-info block block-cinnamon-publication block-publication-info-block"> <div class="region"> <div data-history-node-id="3061" class="node node--type-publication node--view-mode-top-info ds-1col clearfix"> <section class="content-info single-author"> <div class="field field--name-field-coworker field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item animated"> Juliette Kleinjan </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_publication_date"><time datetime="2025-01-07T08:13:34Z" class="datetime">07 januari 2025</time> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-unesco-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div class="region"> <h1 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Introductie: persvrijheid begint bij persveiligheid</span> </h1> </div> </div> <div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="region"> <div data-history-node-id="3062" class="node node--type-chapters node--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-body field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item animated body" data-type="body"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--body paragraph--view-mode--default" data-type="body"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_body"><p><span lang="nl">Persveiligheid is een belangrijk onderwerp, vooral omdat journalisten vaak in gevaarlijke situaties terechtkomen. Zoek maar eens op: je leest al snel over </span><a href="https://www.rtl.nl/nieuws/buitenland/artikel/5477216/persvrijheid-gevaar-voor-journalisten-journalisten-gedood-aanval"><span lang="nl">drie journalisten die in Libanon zijn gedood na een aanval</span></a><span lang="nl">, een cameraman die in het ziekenhuis ligt door een schutter, en een </span><a href="https://www.article19.org/resources/ukraine-1000-days-on-journalists-continue-their-fight/"><span lang="nl">Oekraïense journalist die onder verdachte omstandigheden is overleden in Russische hechtenis</span></a><span lang="nl">.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">Deze gebeurtenissen laten zien hoe gevaarlijk het werk van journalisten kan zijn, maar persveiligheid gaat over meer dan alleen bescherming tegen geweld. Het draait ook om de vrijheid om hun werk te doen en de verantwoordelijkheden die daarbij komen kijken. Persvrijheid is onlosmakelijk verbonden met vrijheid van meningsuiting: </span><a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/media-en-publieke-omroep/persvrijheid-bewaken"><span lang="nl">iedereen mag zeggen en schrijven wat hij wil, zolang dat binnen de wet valt</span></a><span lang="nl">. Voor journalisten betekent dit dat ze, ongeacht de wensen van de overheid, zelf bepalen wat ze publiceren. </span><a href="https://www.amnesty.nl/wat-we-doen/educatie/vrijheid-van-meningsuiting/ontwikkelingen"><span lang="nl">Daarbij hoort ook de verantwoordelijkheid om hun werk onafhankelijk te doen, zonder invloed of dreiging van buitenaf</span></a><span lang="nl">.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">De Nederlandse Vereniging van Journalisten heeft een </span><a href="https://www.nvj.nl/themas/journalistieke-praktijk/ethische-regels"><span lang="nl">dossier gemaakt over de verantwoordelijkheden van journalisten</span></a><span lang="nl">. Hierin staat dat journalisten eerlijk, controleerbaar en volledig moeten kunnen berichten. Persvrijheid is de basis van een vrije samenleving, en mensen hebben recht op goede informatie, dus moeten journalisten zonder angst hun werk kunnen doen. Als persvrijheid afneemt, krijgen mensen minder toegang tot informatie. Vertrouwen in de pers is daarbij belangrijk, zodat mensen informatie begrijpen én kritisch blijven.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item animated image" data-type="image"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default" data-type="image"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_image"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-colorbox-width"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item animated" data-type="field_media_image"> <a href="https://www.unesco.nl/sites/default/files/styles/colorbox_w1600/public/PXL_20220626_112152040.jpg?itok=1lO5m9u3" aria-label="{"alt":""}" role="button" title="PXL_20220626_112152040.jpg" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-image-2036-cPRgyKUjcSA" class="colorbox" aria-controls="colorbox-VDK3oskQMaI" data-cbox-img-attrs="{"alt":""}"><img id="colorbox-VDK3oskQMaI" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content/public/PXL_20220626_112152040.jpg?itok=yGXquA77" width="2121" height="2268" loading="lazy" class="image-style-content lazy" /></a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <section class="caption"> <div class="field field--name-field-caption field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_caption">Oorlogsverslaggever Konstantin Flemig in Irak, 2022.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_source"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PXL_20220626_112152040.jpg" target="_blank">(Foto: SaporaSkap | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Wikimedia Commons</a></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="field__item animated body" data-type="body"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--body paragraph--view-mode--default" data-type="body"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item animated" data-type="field_body"><p><span lang="nl">Door de vele conflicten in de wereld staan journalisten steeds meer onder druk. Dit maakt het moeilijker om goed te berichten uit conflictgebieden. Toch zijn journalisten juist daar hard nodig om mensenrechtenschendingen en oorlogsmisdaden aan het licht te brengen.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">De </span><a href="https://cpj.org/"><span lang="nl">Committee to Protect Journalists</span></a><span lang="nl"> (CPJ) meldt dat </span><a href="https://cpj.org/2024/11/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/"><span lang="nl">minstens 137 journalisten zijn omgekomen in Gaza</span></a><span lang="nl"> tijdens het conflict tussen Hamas en Israël. Gaza is extreem gevaarlijk door gevechten, bombardementen, censuur en blokkades die reizen moeilijk maken. Journalisten hebben daar vaak geen toegang tot informatie, bescherming of basisvoorzieningen zoals voedsel en water, terwijl ze onder gevaarlijke omstandigheden proberen eerlijk verslag te doen van de gebeurtenissen.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">Het Israëlische leger ontkent dat journalisten opzettelijk worden aangevallen, maar volgens de CPJ zijn minstens vijf journalisten doelbewust gedood door Israëlische troepen. In Gaza worden veel journalisten aangevallen, gevangengenomen, gewond of gedood, wat wijst op ernstige schendingen van internationale rechten. Bij elke journalist die door geweld het zwijgen wordt opgelegd, gaat een stukje waarheid verloren.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">Gelukkig zijn er organisaties die zich wereldwijd inzetten voor de bescherming van journalisten. De CPJ onderzoekt obstakels voor persvrijheid, terwijl </span><a href="https://rsf.org/en"><span lang="nl">Reporters Without Borders</span></a><span lang="nl"> (RSF) de toegang tot vrije en betrouwbare informatie beschermt. Free Press Unlimited (FPU) ondersteunt lokale media in gebieden waar persvrijheid onder druk staat. Ondanks hun werk, hebben deze organisaties vaak te maken met grote obstakels, zoals gevaarlijke werkomstandigheden en bedreigingen van journalisten.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">In deze tekst hebben we voorbeelden gepresenteerd uit actieve oorlogsgebieden, waar journalisten vaak het doelwit zijn van geweld door de gevaarlijke omstandigheden. Helaas zien we ook in Nederland een groeiend aantal gevallen van geweld tegen journalisten. Toekomstige artikelen in de serie </span><em><span lang="nl">Perspectieven op Persvrijheid</span></em><span lang="nl"> van de Unesco Jongerencommissie zullen verder ingaan op incidenten waarbij de pers in Nederland wordt aangevallen.</span></p> <p><span lang="nl">Overige bronnen:</span></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.rtl.nl/nieuws/buitenland/artikel/5477216/persvrijheid-gevaar-voor-journalisten-journalisten-gedood-aanval"><span lang="nl">Diab, O. (2024, October 25). </span><em><span lang="nl">Journalisten in Libanon vluchten voor hun leven: “We zijn gericht doelwit.”</span></em><span lang="nl"> RTL Nieuws & Entertainment</span></a><span lang="nl">. </span></li> <li><a href="https://www.demorgen.be/aanval-op-israel/het-dodelijkste-jaar-voor-journalisten-zij-betalen-de-verslaggeving-met-de-hoogste-prijs-hun-leven~b11dce27/?referrer=https://www.google.com/"><span lang="nl">Struys, B. (2024, October 10). </span><em><span lang="nl">Het dodelijkste jaar voor journalisten: “Zij betalen de verslaggeving met de hoogste prijs: hun leven.”</span></em><span lang="nl"> De Morgen</span></a><span lang="nl">. </span></li> <li><a href="//www.article19.org/resources/ukraine-1000-days-on-journalists-continue-their-fight/"><span lang="nl">ARTICLE 19 -</span><em><span lang="nl"> Ukraine: 1000 days on, journalists continue their fight </span></em><span lang="nl">(2024, November 19).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/media-en-publieke-omroep/persvrijheid-bewaken"><span lang="nl">Rijksoverheid.nl‌ - </span><em><span lang="nl">Persvrijheid bewaken</span></em><span lang="nl">. (2021).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.amnesty.nl/wat-we-doen/educatie/vrijheid-van-meningsuiting/ontwikkelingen"><span lang="nl">‌Ontwikkelingen. (2023). </span><em><span lang="nl">Persvrijheid nog steeds onder druk</span></em><span lang="nl">. Amnesty International</span></a><span lang="nl">. </span></li> <li><a href="https://www.nvj.nl/themas/journalistieke-praktijk/ethische-regels"><span lang="nl">‌NVJ - </span><em><span lang="nl">Ethische regels</span></em><span lang="nl">. (2024).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nvj.nl/themas/veiligheid/adviezen-en-expertisecentra/adviezen-afreizen-risicogebieden‌"><span lang="nl">‌NVJ </span><em><span lang="nl">- Adviezen bij afreizen naar risicogebieden</span></em><span lang="nl">. (2016, July 19).</span></a><span lang="nl"> </span></li> <li><a href="https://cpj.org/2024/12/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/"><span lang="nl">‌Committee to Protect Journalists - </span><em><span lang="nl">Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza war </span></em><span lang="nl">(2024, December 3)</span></a><span lang="nl"> </span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-publicatienavigatie-2" class="block block-cinnamon-publication block-publication-navigation-block publication-navigation"> <div class="region"> <ul class="publication-navigation"> <li class="previous inactive">Vorige</li> <li class="next inactive">Volgende</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div id="loading-white" class="page-loading"> <div class="loading-wrapper"> <div class="loading-inner-wrapper"> <div class="loading-spinner animated loading"></div> <div class="message">Loading<span class="dots">...</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside 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