CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c712c81ad14c05',cH: 'YzjYzVzdsBg1g6zxyUaZhY7IAWuLSgw_s1tWiPhLNj0-1741318846-1.2.1.1-xxVdMtfWLoGmQQ4bz6jIEf1bmQVaFqrw92fCDeJms7t7eUbE04GxojraoTQaPVGO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mina%20Iskander&__cf_chl_tk=0X7GciwEMIBsgQm5P4uBg5GJLvDHFNK.mbu9jyGcZvs-1741318846-1.0.1.1-H0usvKSYId65zxCFFNmJIH89rQ2zKKLl9lFF5VPJqdc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741318846',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mina%20Iskander&__cf_chl_f_tk=0X7GciwEMIBsgQm5P4uBg5GJLvDHFNK.mbu9jyGcZvs-1741318846-1.0.1.1-H0usvKSYId65zxCFFNmJIH89rQ2zKKLl9lFF5VPJqdc",md: "BdGTlq65oUMTj8GtHL7l2gmqj4ckwCIV_nSb5ApFmVw-1741318846-1.2.1.1-kWCZiZI1esFMwkZ59CJpZu3y2fscDaWkTRerHdb89UB8xSO8jIH92rIJcSwcivPdDwk0aCt0Y6UkCC9qTL..wq62qONCtgh_UAYyE0Jm7vUKBOTL4zrXjiSO9YFJXJNZT3qaphqClOitFgX5DudB.l7uvkUMNLLixG6Q7mwOSBfMHwPFWx7xsPLGkApFc7R9nMwMdvpIIevqz.uDxvBjvK3r2DpsUHP4yxJhrWv0uUlTcKWMrZCQEg3XM_8_QtCNNNQRlLlPL2x2YsY_lYFhr55yKiwm_sm7pCrlXp9JOkNl04AkOdoYzswUBmaLkSQXLDagVqPrYrccV80ddT4cq5x9VeAMK7Y73ofZHzuoPKy.9W3HuPiCC2PJciO7ce8CPMoZdLxT5GC2bPDcNrSckel3wrKtusMZ9GbLNu_028uyJGGKH5LBXgyLkuYG9xWGJHOsd348M1FEGXypBAxpaIq9gDkLVz.wBOojUg7RSlNF10sQHT1hBsrssbNduy6n5S02VTv61bnd6g6VPx4sLSj0M9.Q7HoBPRV9f4f1.MRCQHRcge..W3bpeu0wxlwOPtUX4hgp0E6qtujBVm2lx5sxXjagDw8k0BGfzIfbaSS7kidj5ozIJIFxEDfPuJLp2Rb_XvaV8q9p5ePQbWZ2p6EfqonoWD5G8BXHqXGBqeQSzfvYH9tB1rC5_x9M1phdPyZ.7psNwi7QrH8CEn.7y3THTFHjkJX8KTvdFOWiXyzfqU3c_Tw6bUDQUbb2wQ7So0CgJYSUIzR99i55oKshLRN.a82onJraX9wIgYroLhZHH8QDdsJoKpR8vBjRImbXWx0q8I6TSzffThPdCxWGdq_iRDOyLzXreNXATJ087aihYffJbt7lFel51kSIzjpvIuJ78NrBsRjM9xtLm0tTa3iWWf1ntM4xhFM0lxRSdmtru83ruj8_8o6LBFDQK8d30AC9jU2NLvv5A3lue6L5qLU9R_A8uPbMhYsYfUHGKgz2rbIrIDlKjcHq9rfMU9WuUTlfMZ4x.NWNNlF6._tyTVd_BMCYR3D7LuBWWsIEO_cP4DtfX3Hwdbmlu4cqs.jOFREaUVzP5XJr.ugNn990Y3aGcYLinimDheCVgA6_ppRW6uxQrOmH4mc.e7yJD0VnfKsv_BLSKtBYfYlwE8uYoYLDONNJ6kOS6kqR8a9tb1LSf_JvUh7.KzXlCdKL5On_9z94_LaMg0SNjEIv7m_RTSPGhBY1wT6XPl2itRBNrAwzSI_j.B9x3yKvKe74eSLiatbr6OZR8SKlwN2TY_LjIg",mdrd: "uS3SAxa1RzzvteAKEASTmxXq0L4qZxrxmWjvdpsHUoY-1741318846-1.2.1.1-Mj4arF3OSdda5gpvLQAeEGLkHfXsKf9me3reru4e4dSfXiadIuclwCZ8oFzzvQ3VnbWgZ7szJpEGxuAh5cFwGl3vY5gWbX8eA2NtISXDLk64VZ0sCfsQR4gxRL72.69V9toUR6sipXHwr.2K82yG2F_cim1xHSXmMGXeW9J9f0TWmC_iEvpzO08MJ2L9BRPAa3ptrWCcNXokGrgFByhgPSR4wv8ieVJET.nse1lwByrP8swSKzAAfqGdZZaF3uSVaHPqL_Syn6tARn5i26D0tHLR0fhAjg9GIZiyQGKIImROv.3HKgfTmsmK7s_fWzJ0i8WuOlHUsSAsAhwzprpctS33HHg35deTTPbcWAB18dznOx0Q0mIurESErMdlXdVmmn0PvmxOXAVpQINDw.1y9zFwVe6HjAq91tvoqP_lCcll0SfjER2.UfgeRO9pkUQUI972hslGJpwYFkOQqpjjvNCKk7C4Zw0wQI6HqNcsSjJJ5CP61Nxa1d305c27G.zppr0qXXRu9AIrrihWptrE_EcM_C75oTaLbCb.D24CpKNi3ouQqe2ZtnTb8KmRx6ExUMDGgnJ5EdXJk5B.RuPos1QdFTkTx9lIshfFOwtnUuykuVGDl2uiLgX4WUKr6rGPzY4V.gPBLwlUGRjt792KEJjN4Pu9W2ZWOjGO2LAELFqlbUA5AVlmCGtAmJk6.VZJWmSyOqsLKm.svGDZkIUqpPiVg7bCo.kVAr4w2C.lVDHO8SPruF6IVWJWHc5cYAbhl2bhDJyK6kiQjiRphi6.MlMX8EYHWK8BffbQGcY9gO9S_cvO8UoF_1CiQuZM85TI96Azx1NpzjHnhmmEIopPQdIzQUB0KUDxXFvXA4BbL0tNyzXFCo5wBklK62LC64OOocJkQ3wyle_6BXZPHxvqQ6gKQw0mIijrbOarNtu0d9Vd1_eKwef_4soTeiAimfCleqqfw2EH1n142puz8BHyW8m3Vr1sXbjC.fZ39x23hLgaj4UZy6D5i2kp3mCMCz1StZP88CQtOragSDcSz.5nDPNZW3wTEm.fn.AFX.WSWG7vnrJVef7uOkQJrKDztqxLkvhvMToOHA7nyf7lqSfg.mTXWGrPBTYw9ivElxgHEKXtDsbhdMETVdRevl4V16jNykKvi2BvrYg8ejKgyUflVT50stFRd7gFArebZK5zP4mbAEpAI45tw5xKZF4nsWhdaiAqUpvp5aRd1jTZFSxYfK.ZCCqAfgLKxJzylmNT_J9No2HoxlQazb1pufP7p1PxCjEWCxxmBGlrWGoZ_nURLlX1.l085oxDJmhXY293S.52.CBw64g4apSVnQ2y4uT.fDm8IXI.iBC048LmAOSuY1tDoP06DzqznNN_H0Fw8z8MKp0Ebd15nSFvZaTuxneMTLEdzBRJlvzAE8gnDwOlWhIa.6JuMhGQMcruorXIIxdsPjLi.d1hF0cHVUKs3TuWvJ_I_lorBLhs47nxdEaeQYbJ1LGSMFk5sO2O.W0poyi1TGntWdmAI1CqMLcoMBeQWlLEal4SoGja9fZjqpkTMeL4K2NyUIg6Oq63J3BXF4uYJdjWk797FpxYrk8v1GqmRmxPk4ayPg4LCgNhJgqr1s3g76JITQP00Xn8TFRTdTH8rkmgLzD16vq6t3bX25Vp4n6MApT8pSh9fK3sg_sF23sLW9VGt20LUp35dJn2X9ZUYGhNPLSF8qEFkP924I6Q.kIUKPDHJV81ZKDEHdFJhd4SnuFQeoYKr11h3jVGszJ2BScBdRAPUzCmYMHrgROAPDuDpYrI.1RiMlvtCVVxzjpOvuf41cgYrO2EY3dnXsRTKV7IQ0wTVSy.agkNm8J2T.fJGP7WzyNJiCZhddDAHu23uz2jarKQviNn7sRc0H7mzJx7IsPLPqjLYcv8oB16TQnFiryTh5avnGagOn1REw91K2LCeORWHgI5_ixMmN3S4M.QIh4mOhRFw_XwksKf"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c712c81ad14c05';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mina%20Iskander&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0X7GciwEMIBsgQm5P4uBg5GJLvDHFNK.mbu9jyGcZvs-1741318846-1.0.1.1-H0usvKSYId65zxCFFNmJIH89rQ2zKKLl9lFF5VPJqdc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>