CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Hyung Wook Kwon</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hyung Wook Kwon"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hyung Wook Kwon"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Hyung Wook Kwon" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hyung Wook Kwon"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 254</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hyung Wook Kwon</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> The Effect of Floor Impact Sound Insulation Performance Using Scrambled Thermoplastic Poly Urethane and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonsoo%20Koo">Bonsoo Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Shin%20Hong"> Seong Shin Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Kwon%20Lee"> Byung Kwon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of apartments in Korea have wall type structure that present poor performance regarding floor impact sound insulation. In order to minimize the transmission of floor impact sound, flooring structures are used in which an insulating material, 30 mm thickness pad of EPS or EVA, is sandwiched between a concrete slab and the finished mortar. Generally, a single-material pad used for insulation has a heavyweight impact sound level of 44~47 dB with 210 mm thickness slab. This study provides an analysis of the floor impact sound insulation performance using thermoplastic poly urethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and expanded polystyrene (EPS) materials with buffering performance. Following mock-up tests the effect of lightweight impact sound turned out to be similar but heavyweight impact sound was decreased by 3 dB compared to conventional single material insulation pad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor%20impact%20sound" title="floor impact sound">floor impact sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20poly%20urethane" title=" thermoplastic poly urethane"> thermoplastic poly urethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20vinyl%20acetate" title=" ethylene vinyl acetate"> ethylene vinyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavyweight%20impact%20sound" title=" heavyweight impact sound"> heavyweight impact sound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84146/the-effect-of-floor-impact-sound-insulation-performance-using-scrambled-thermoplastic-poly-urethane-and-ethylene-vinyl-acetate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Fuzzy Inference-Assisted Saliency-Aware Convolution Neural Networks for Multi-View Summarization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Hussain">Tanveer Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20Muhammad"> Khan Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Ullah"> Amin Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Young%20Lee"> Mi Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Wook%20Baik"> Sung Wook Baik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Big Data generated from distributed vision sensors installed on large scale in smart cities create hurdles in its efficient and beneficial exploration for browsing, retrieval, and indexing. This paper presents a three-folded framework for effective video summarization of such data and provide a compact and representative format of Big Video Data. In the first fold, the paper acquires input video data from the installed cameras and collect clues such as type and count of objects and clarity of the view from a chunk of pre-defined number of frames of each view. The decision of representative view selection for a particular interval is based on fuzzy inference system, acquiring a precise and human resembling decision, reinforced by the known clues as a part of the second fold. In the third fold, the paper forwards the selected view frames to the summary generation mechanism that is supported by a saliency-aware convolution neural network (CNN) model. The new trend of fuzzy rules for view selection followed by CNN architecture for saliency computation makes the multi-view video summarization (MVS) framework a suitable candidate for real-world practice in smart cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20video%20data%20analysis" title="big video data analysis">big video data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-view%20video%20summarization" title=" multi-view video summarization"> multi-view video summarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliency%20detection" title=" saliency detection"> saliency detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135176/fuzzy-inference-assisted-saliency-aware-convolution-neural-networks-for-multi-view-summarization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Thermal-Fluid Characteristics of Heating Element in Rotary Heat Exchanger in Accordance with Fouling Phenomena</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Mun%20Lee">Young Mun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Ho%20Kim"> Seon Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi"> Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JeongJu%20Kim"> JeongJu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungyeong%20Choi"> Seungyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To decrease sulfur oxide in the flue gas from coal power plant, a flue gas de-sulfurization facility is operated. In the reactor, a chemical reaction occurs with a temperature change of the gas so that sulfur oxide is removed and cleaned air is emitted. In this process, temperature change induces a serious problem which is a cold erosion of stack. To solve this problem, the rotary heat exchanger is managed before the stack. In the heat exchanger, a heating element is equipped to increase a heat transfer area. Heat transfer and pressure loss is a big issue to improve a performance. In this research, thermal-fluid characteristics of the heating element are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. Fouling simulation is also conducted to calculate a performance of heating element. Numerical analysis is performed on the situation where plugging phenomenon has already occurred and existed in the inlet region of the heating element. As the pressure of the rear part of the plugging decreases suddenly and the flow velocity becomes slower, it is found that the flow is gathered from both sides as it develops in the flow direction, and it is confirmed that the pressure difference due to plugging is increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20element" title="heating element">heating element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plugging" title=" plugging"> plugging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20heat%20exchanger" title=" rotary heat exchanger"> rotary heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fluid%20characteristics" title=" thermal fluid characteristics"> thermal fluid characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525/thermal-fluid-characteristics-of-heating-element-in-rotary-heat-exchanger-in-accordance-with-fouling-phenomena" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Carbide Structure and Fracture Toughness of High Speed Tool Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> M2 steels, the typical Co-free high speed steel (HSS) possessing hardness level of 63~65 HRc, are most widely used for cutting tools. On the other hand, Co-containing HSS’s, such as M35 and M42, show a higher hardness level of 65~67 HRc and used for high quality cutting tools. In the fabrication of HSS’s, it is very important to control cleanliness and eutectic carbide structure of the ingot and it is required to increase productivity at the same time. Production of HSS ingots includes a variety of processes such as casting, electro-slag remelting (ESR), forging, blooming, and wire rod rolling processes. In the present study, electro-slag rapid remelting (ESRR) process, an advanced ESR process combined by continuous casting, was successfully employed to fabricate HSS billets of M2, M35, and M42 steels. Distribution and structure of eutectic carbides of the billets were analysed and cleanliness, hardness, and composition profile of the billets were also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20tool%20steel" title="high speed tool steel">high speed tool steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbide" title=" eutectic carbide"> eutectic carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20toughness" title=" fracture toughness"> fracture toughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15803/carbide-structure-and-fracture-toughness-of-high-speed-tool-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Prerequisites for the Acquisition of Mammalian Pathogenicity by Influenza A Virus with a Prototypic Avian PB2 Gene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Young%20Lee">Chung-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hee%20Ahn"> Se-Hee Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilhwan%20Kim"> Ilhwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du-Min%20Go"> Du-Min Go</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Yong%20Kim"> Dae-Yong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Gu%20Choi"> Jun-Gu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Jeong%20Lee"> Youn-Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hong%20Kim"> Jae-Hong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Joon%20Kwon"> Hyuk-Joon Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polymerase of avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a heterotrimer composed of PB2, PB1 and PA. PB2 plays a role in overcoming the host barrier; however, the genetic prerequisites for avian PB2 to acquire mammalian pathogenic mutations have not been well elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that key amino acid mutations (I66M, I109V and I133V, collectively referred to as MVV) of prototypic avian PB2 increase the replication efficiency of recombinant PR8 virus carrying the mutated PB2 in both avian and mammalian hosts. The MVV mutations caused no weight loss in mice, but they did allow replication in infected lungs, and the viruses acquired fatal mammalian pathogenic mutations such as Q591R/K, E627K, or D701N in the infected lungs. The MVV mutations are located at the interfaces of the trimer and are predicted to increase the strength of this structure. Thus, gaining MVV mutations might be the first step for AIV to acquire mammalian pathogenicity. These results provide new insights into the evolution of AIV in birds and mammals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20influenza%20A%20virus" title="avian influenza A virus">avian influenza A virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototypic%20PB2" title=" prototypic PB2"> prototypic PB2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20activity" title=" polymerase activity"> polymerase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammalian%20pathogenicity" title=" mammalian pathogenicity"> mammalian pathogenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-step%20mutations" title=" first-step mutations"> first-step mutations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659/prerequisites-for-the-acquisition-of-mammalian-pathogenicity-by-influenza-a-virus-with-a-prototypic-avian-pb2-gene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Low NOx Combustion of Pulverized Petroleum Cokes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim">Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjun%20Kwon"> Minjun Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyeop%20Lee"> Changyeop Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aimed to study combustion characteristics of low NOx burner using petroleum cokes as fuel. The petroleum coke, which is produced through the oil refining process, is an attractive fuel in terms of its high heating value and low price. But petroleum coke is a challenging fuel because of its low volatile content, high sulfur and nitrogen content, which give rise to undesirable emission characteristics and low ignitability. Therefore, the research and development regarding the petroleum coke burner is needed for applying this industrial system. In this study, combustion and emission characteristics of petroleum cokes burner are experimentally investigated in an industrial steam boiler. The low NOx burner is designed to control fuel and air mixing to achieve staged combustion, which, in turn reduces both flame temperature and oxygen. Air distribution ratio of triple staged air are optimized experimentally. The result showed that NOx concentration is lowest when overfire air is used, and the burner function at a fuel rich condition. That is, the burner is operated at the equivalence ratio of 1.67 and overall equivalence ratio including overfire air is kept 0.87. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20cokes" title="petroleum cokes">petroleum cokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20NOx" title=" low NOx"> low NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29236/low-nox-combustion-of-pulverized-petroleum-cokes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Analysis of Thermal Damage Characteristics of High Pressure Turbine Blade According to Off-Design Operating Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Ho%20Kim">Seon Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Bang"> Minho Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi"> Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Moon%20Lee"> Young Moon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Kwan%20Kim"> Dong Kwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas turbines are heat engines that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy. Since their high energy density per unit volume and low pollutant emissions, gas turbines are classified as clean energy. In order to obtain better performance, the turbine inlet temperature of the current gas turbine is operated at about 1600℃, and thermal damage is a very serious problem. Especially, these thermal damages are more prominent in off-design conditions than in design conditions. In this study, the thermal damage characteristics of high temperature components of a gas turbine made of a single crystal material are studied numerically for the off-design operating conditions. The target gas turbine is configured as a reheat cycle and is operated in peak load operation mode, not normal operation. In particular, the target gas turbine features a lot of low-load operation. In this study, a commercial code, ANSYS 18.2, was used for analyzing the thermal-flow coupling problems. As a result, the flow separation phenomenon on the pressure side due to the flow reduction was remarkable at the off-design condition, and the high heat transfer coefficient at the upper end of the suction surface due to the tip leakage flow was appeared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine" title="gas turbine">gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20blade" title=" single crystal blade"> single crystal blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-design" title=" off-design"> off-design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81581/analysis-of-thermal-damage-characteristics-of-high-pressure-turbine-blade-according-to-off-design-operating-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Insufficiency Fracture of Femoral Head in Patients Treated With Intramedullary Nailing for Proximal Femur Fracture </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Hyung%20Park">Jai Hyung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Kim"> Eugene Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Hun%20Park"> Jin Hun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Joon%20Oh"> Min Joon Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIF) is a rare complication; however, it has been recognized to cause femoral head collapse. Subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) is caused by normal or physiological stress without any trauma. It has been reported in osteoporotic patients after the fixation of the proximal femur with an Intramedullary nail. Case presentation: We reported 5 cases with SIF of the femoral head after proximal femur fracture fixation with Intra-medullary nail. All patients had osteoporosis as an underlying disease. Good reduction was achieved in all 5 patients. SIF was found from about 3 months to 4 years after the initial operation, and all the fractures were solidly united at the final diagnosis. We investigated retrospectively the feature of those cases and several factors that affected the occurrence of SIF. Discussion: There are a few discussions regarding the SIF of the femoral head. These discussions may include the predisposing risk factors, how to diagnose the SIF in osteoporotic patients, and the peri-operative factors to prevent SIF. Conclusion: Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head is a considerable complication after the internal fixation of the proximal femur. There are several factors that can be modified. If they could be controlled in the peri-operative period, SIF could be prevented or handled in advance. Other options related to arthroplasty can be considered in old osteoporotic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insufficiency%20fracture%20of%20femoral%20head" title="insufficiency fracture of femoral head">insufficiency fracture of femoral head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-medullary%20nail" title=" intra-medullary nail"> intra-medullary nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximal%20femur%20fracture" title=" proximal femur fracture"> proximal femur fracture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117685/insufficiency-fracture-of-femoral-head-in-patients-treated-with-intramedullary-nailing-for-proximal-femur-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Sik%20Kim">Young Sik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of Zn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn alloys with Zn contents from 6 to 10 weight percent was investigated in this study. Through calculation of phase equilibria of Mg-Zn alloys, carried out by using FactSage® and FTLite database, solution treatment temperature was decided as temperatures from 300 to 400oC, where supersaturated solid solution can be obtained. Solid solution treatment of Mg-Zn alloys was successfully conducted at 380oC and supersaturated microstructure with all beta phase resolved into matrix was obtained. After solution treatment, hot rolling was successfully conducted by reduction of 60%. Compression and tension tests were carried out at room temperature on the samples as-cast, solution treated, hot-rolled and recrystallized after rolling. After solid solution treatment, each alloy was annealed at temperatures of 180 and 200oC for time intervals from 1 min to 48 hrs and hardness of each condition was measured by micro-Vickers method. Peak aging conditions were deduced as at the temperature of 200oC for 10 hrs. By addition of Zn by 10 weight percent, hardness and strength were enhanced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mg-Zn%20alloy" title="Mg-Zn alloy">Mg-Zn alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44160/microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-mg-zn-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Genome-Wide Functional Analysis of Phosphatase in Cryptococcus neoformans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hyung%20Jin">Jae-Hyung Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Tae%20Lee"> Kyung-Tae Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yee-Seul%20So"> Yee-Seul So</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunji%20Jeong"> Eunji Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeonseon%20Lee"> Yeonseon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongpil%20Lee"> Dongpil Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Gi%20Lee"> Dong-Gi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Sun%20Bahn"> Yong-Sun Bahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis mainly in immunocompromised patients as well as immunocompetent people. But therapeutic options are limited to treat cryptococcosis. Some signaling pathways including cyclic AMP pathway, MAPK pathway, and calcineurin pathway play a central role in the regulation of the growth, differentiation, and virulence of C. neoformans. To understand signaling networks regulating the virulence of C. neoformans, we selected the 114 putative phosphatase genes, one of the major components of signaling networks, in the genome of C. neoformans. We identified putative phosphatases based on annotation in C. neoformans var. grubii genome database provided by the Broad Institute and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and performed a BLAST search of phosphatases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans, Candida albicans and Fusarium graminearum to Cryptococcus neoformans. We classified putative phosphatases into 14 groups based on InterPro phosphatase domain annotation. Here, we constructed 170 signature-tagged gene-deletion strains through homologous recombination methods for 91 putative phosphatases. We examined their phenotypic traits under 30 different in vitro conditions, including growth, differentiation, stress response, antifungal resistance and virulence-factor production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20fungal%20pathogen" title="human fungal pathogen">human fungal pathogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphatase" title=" phosphatase"> phosphatase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deletion%20library" title=" deletion library"> deletion library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20genomics" title=" functional genomics"> functional genomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63313/genome-wide-functional-analysis-of-phosphatase-in-cryptococcus-neoformans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Facial Partial Unilateral Lentiginosis Treated with Low-Fluence Q-Switched 1,064-Nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=En%20Hyung%20Kim">En Hyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is an unusual pigmentary disorder characterized by numerous lentigines grouped within an area of normal skin. Although treatment is not necessary, many patients with facial PUL seek medical help for cosmetic reasons. There is no established standard treatment for PUL. Conventional lasers may cause postinflammatory hyperpigmentation because keratinocytes are injured during the process. Also scarring, long downtime and pain are important issues. Case: A 19-year-old patient with facial PUL was treated with 1064-nm Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser. The patient was treated at one-week intervals starting with a spot size of 6 mm, a fluence of 2.5 J/cm2 and a pulse rate of 10 Hz with 1-2 passes of slow sliding technique with approximately 5-15 % overlap. The fluence was elevated to 3 J/cm2 after the 4th session according to treatment response and patient tolerance. After 10 treatment sessions the lesions were remarkably improved. Discussion: Although the exact mechanism by which low fluence 1,064-nm QS Nd:YAG laser improves pigmentary lesions is unclear, the term ‘subcellular selective photothermolysis’ and ‘melanocyte apoptosis and replacement’ have been proposed. If appropriate measures are taken to monitor patient response during and after the procedure, low fluence 1064-nm QS Nd:YAG laser may achieve good cosmetic result in the treatment of PUL with a very safe and effective profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20toning" title="laser toning">laser toning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fluence" title=" low fluence"> low fluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1064-nm%20Q-switched%20neodymium-doped%20yttrium%20aluminum%20garnet%20laser" title=" 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser"> 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20unilateral%20lentiginosis" title=" partial unilateral lentiginosis"> partial unilateral lentiginosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72818/facial-partial-unilateral-lentiginosis-treated-with-low-fluence-q-switched-1064-nm-neodymium-doped-yttrium-aluminum-garnet-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Transcriptome Analysis of Protestia brevitarsis seulensis with Focus On Wing Development and Metamorphosis in Developmental Stages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihye%20Hwang">Jihye Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Hwa%20Choi"> Eun Hwa Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Youn%20Baek"> Su Youn Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bia%20Park"> Bia Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyeongmin%20Kim"> Gyeongmin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chorong%20Shin"> Chorong Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Ha%20Lee"> Joon Ha Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Sam%20Hwang"> Jae-Sam Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ui%20Wook%20Hwang"> Ui Wook Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> White-spotted flower chafers are widely distributed in Asian countries and traditionally used for the treatment of chronic fatigue, blood circulation, and paralysis in the oriental medicine field. The evolution and development of insect wings and metamorphosis remain under-discovered subjects in arthropod evolutionary researches. Gene expression abundance analyses along with developmental stages based on the large-scale RNA-seq data are also still rarely done. Here we report the de novo assembly of a Protestia brevitarsis seulensis transcriptome along four different developmental stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) to explore its development and evolution of wings and metamorphosis. The de novo transcriptome assembly consists of 23,551 high-quality transcripts and is approximately 96.7% complete. Out of 8,545 transcripts, 5,183 correspond to the possible orthologs with Drosophila melanogaster. As a result, we could found 265 genes related to wing development and 19 genes related to metamorphosis. The comparison of transcript expression abundance with different developmental stages revealed developmental stage-specific transcripts especially working at the stage of wing development and metamorphosis of P. b. seulensis. This transcriptome quantification along the developmental stages may provide some meaningful clues to elucidate the genetic modulation mechanism of wing development and metamorphosis obtained during the insect evolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white-spotted%20flower%20chafers" title="white-spotted flower chafers">white-spotted flower chafers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptomics" title=" transcriptomics"> transcriptomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-seq" title=" RNA-seq"> RNA-seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20biology" title=" network biology"> network biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing%20development" title=" wing development"> wing development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamorphosis" title=" metamorphosis"> metamorphosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138739/transcriptome-analysis-of-protestia-brevitarsis-seulensis-with-focus-on-wing-development-and-metamorphosis-in-developmental-stages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Comprehensive Feature Extraction for Optimized Condition Assessment of Fuel Pumps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugochukwu%20Ejike%20Akpudo">Ugochukwu Ejike Akpudo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jank-Wook%20Hur"> Jank-Wook Hur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing demand for improved productivity, maintainability, and reliability has prompted rapidly increasing research studies on the emerging condition-based maintenance concept- Prognostics and health management (PHM). Varieties of fuel pumps serve critical functions in several hydraulic systems; hence, their failure can have daunting effects on productivity, safety, etc. The need for condition monitoring and assessment of these pumps cannot be overemphasized, and this has led to the uproar in research studies on standard feature extraction techniques for optimized condition assessment of fuel pumps. By extracting time-based, frequency-based and the more robust time-frequency based features from these vibrational signals, a more comprehensive feature assessment (and selection) can be achieved for a more accurate and reliable condition assessment of these pumps. With the aid of emerging deep classification and regression algorithms like the locally linear embedding (LLE), we propose a method for comprehensive condition assessment of electromagnetic fuel pumps (EMFPs). Results show that the LLE as a comprehensive feature extraction technique yields better feature fusion/dimensionality reduction results for condition assessment of EMFPs against the use of single features. Also, unlike other feature fusion techniques, its capabilities as a fault classification technique were explored, and the results show an acceptable accuracy level using standard performance metrics for evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20fuel%20pumps" title="electromagnetic fuel pumps">electromagnetic fuel pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20feature%20extraction" title=" comprehensive feature extraction"> comprehensive feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20assessment" title=" condition assessment"> condition assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20linear%20embedding" title=" locally linear embedding"> locally linear embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20fusion" title=" feature fusion"> feature fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111870/comprehensive-feature-extraction-for-optimized-condition-assessment-of-fuel-pumps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Layer-by-Layer Coated Dexamethasone Microcrystals for Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtada%20Ahmed%20Oshi">Murtada Ahmed Oshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Wook%20Yoo"> Jin-Wook Yoo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Layer-by-layer (LBL) coating has gained popularity for drug delivery of therapeutic drugs. Herein we described a novel approach for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of the locally administered dexamethasone (Dex) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We utilized a LBL-coating technique on Dex microcrystals (DexMCs) with multiple layers of polyelectrolytes composed of poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and Eudragit® S100 (ES). The successful deposition of the layers onto DexMCs surfaces were confirmed through zeta potential measurement and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The surface morphology was investigated through scanning electron microscopy. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 95% with a mean particle size of 2 µm and negative surface charge (-40 mV). Moreover, in vitro drug release study showed a minimum release of the drug ( 15%) at an acidic condition during initial first 5 h, followed by sustained-release at an alkaline condition. For in vivo study, LBL-DxMCs were administered orally to ICR mice suffering from dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. LBL-DxMCs substantially enhanced anti-IBD activities as compared to DxMCs. Macroscopic, histological and biochemical (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and myeloperoxidase) examinations revealed marked improvements of colitis signs in the mice treated with LBL-DxMCs compared with those treated with DxMCs. Overall, LBL-DxMCs could be a suitable candidate for the treatment of IBD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexamethasone" title="dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBL-coating" title=" LBL-coating"> LBL-coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolytes" title=" polyelectrolytes"> polyelectrolytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74316/layer-by-layer-coated-dexamethasone-microcrystals-for-experimental-inflammatory-bowel-disease-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> 3D Printing of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treated Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) for Bone Tissue Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Nyoung%20Heo">Dong Nyoung Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Keun%20Kwon"> Il Keun Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three-dimensional (3D) technology is a promising method for bone tissue engineering. In order to enhance bone tissue regeneration, it is important to have ideal 3D constructs with biomimetic mechanical strength, structure interconnectivity, roughened surface, and the presence of chemical functionality. In this respect, a 3D printing system combined with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was developed to fabricate a 3D construct that has a rough surface with polar functional chemical groups. The CAP-etching process leads to oxidation of chemical groups existing on the polycaprolactone (PCL) surface without conformational change. The surface morphology, chemical composition, mean roughness of the CAP-treated PCL surfaces were evaluated. 3D printed constructs composed of CAP-treated PCL showed an effective increment in the hydrophilicity and roughness of the PCL surface. Also, an in vitro study revealed that CAP-treated 3D PCL constructs had higher cellular behaviors such as cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, a 3D printing system with CAP can be a highly useful fabrication method for bone tissue regeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tissue%20engineering" title="bone tissue engineering">bone tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20atmospheric%20plasma" title=" cold atmospheric plasma"> cold atmospheric plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCL" title=" PCL"> PCL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126200/3d-printing-of-cold-atmospheric-plasma-treated-poly-caprolactone-for-bone-tissue-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer Using Wettability Patterned Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Il%20Shim">Dong Il Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geehong%20Choi"> Geehong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghwi%20Lee"> Donghwi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namkyu%20Lee"> Namkyu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective cooling technology is required to secure thermal stability in extreme heat generated systems such as integrated electronic devices and power generated systems. Pool boiling heat transfer is one of the powerful cooling mechanisms using phase change phenomena. Critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are main factors to evaluate the performance of boiling heat transfer. CHF is the limitation of boiling heat transfer before film boiling which occurs thermal failure. Surface wettability is an important surface characteristic of boiling heat transfer. A hydrophilic surface has higher CHF through effective working fluid supply to local hot spots. A hydrophobic surface promotes the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) to enhance HTC. In this study, superbiphilic surfaces, which is combined with superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic, are applied on boiling experiments to maximize boiling performance. We conducted pool boiling heat transfer using DI water at a saturated temperature and recorded bubble dynamics using a high-speed camera with 2000 fps. As a result, superbiphilic patterned surfaces promote ONB and enhance both CHF and HTC. This study demonstrates the enhanced boiling performance using superbiphilic surfaces by effective nucleation and separation of liquid/vapor pathway. We expect that further enhancement of heat transfer could be achieved in future work using optimized patterned surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling%20heat%20transfer" title="boiling heat transfer">boiling heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20heat%20flux" title=" critical heat flux"> critical heat flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" heat transfer coefficient"> heat transfer coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89416/enhanced-boiling-heat-transfer-using-wettability-patterned-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Improvement of Heat Dissipation Ability of Polyimide Composite Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinyoung%20Kim">Jinyoung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinuk%20Kwon"> Jinuk Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haksoo%20Han"> Haksoo Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyimide is widely used in electronic industries, and heat dissipation of polyimide film is important for its application in electric devices for high-temperature resistance heat dissipation film. In this study, we demonstrated a new way to increase heat dissipating rate by adding carbon black as filler. This type of polyimide composite film was produced by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4’-oxydianiline (ODA). Carbon black (CB) is added in different loading, shows increasing heat dissipation rate for increase of Carbon black. The polyimide-carbon black composite film is synthesized with high dissipation rate to ~8W∙m−1K−1. Its high thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were maintained with carbon filler verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), the polyimidization reaction of polyi(amide-mide) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The polyimide composite film with carbon black with high heat dissipating rate could be used in various applications such as computers, mobile phone industries, integrated circuits, coating materials, semiconductor etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyimide" title="polyimide">polyimide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20dissipation" title=" heat dissipation"> heat dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20device" title=" electric device"> electric device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler" title=" filler"> filler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23358/improvement-of-heat-dissipation-ability-of-polyimide-composite-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">679</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Energy Efficiency Improvement of Excavator with Independent Metering Valve by Continuous Mode Changing Considering Engine Fuel Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Wook%20Lee">Sang-Wook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So-Yeon%20Jeon"> So-Yeon Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Gi%20Cho"> Min-Gi Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Young%20Shin"> Dae-Young Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Ho%20Hwang"> Sung-Ho Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydraulic system of excavator gets working energy from hydraulic pump which is connected to output shaft of engine. Recently, main control valve (MCV) which is composed of several independent metering valve (IMV) has been introduced for better energy efficiency of the hydraulic system so that fuel efficiency of the excavator can be improved. Excavator with IMV has 5 operating modes depending on the quantity of regeneration flow. In this system, the hydraulic pump is controlled to supply demanded flow which is needed to operate each mode. Because the regenerated flow supply energy to actuators, the hydraulic pump consumes less energy to make same motion than one that does not regenerate flow. The horse power control is applied to the hydraulic pump of excavator for maintaining engine start under a heavy load and this control makes the flow of hydraulic pump reduced. When excavator is in complex operation such as loading or unloading soil, the hydraulic pump discharges small quantity of working fluid in high pressure. At this operation, the engine of excavator does not run at optimal operating line (OOL). The engine needs to be operated on OOL to improve fuel efficiency and by controlling hydraulic pump the engine can drive on OOL. By continuous mode changing of IMV, the hydraulic pump is controlled to make engine runs on OOL. The simulation result of this study shows that fuel efficiency of excavator with IMV can be improved by considering engine OOL and continuous mode changing algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20mode%20changing" title="continuous mode changing">continuous mode changing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20fuel%20consumption" title=" engine fuel consumption"> engine fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavator" title=" excavator"> excavator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20efficiency" title=" fuel efficiency"> fuel efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMV" title=" IMV"> IMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89388/energy-efficiency-improvement-of-excavator-with-independent-metering-valve-by-continuous-mode-changing-considering-engine-fuel-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> The Flexural Improvement of RC Beams Using an Inserted Plate between Concrete and FRP Bonding Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung">Woo Young Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Ho%20Kwon"> Min Ho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bu%20Seog%20Ju"> Bu Seog Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this research is to improve the flexural capacity of FRP strengthened RC Beam structures with Aluminum and Titanium laminates. FRP rupture of flexural strengthened RC beams using FRP plates generally occurs at the interface between FRP plate and the beam. Therefore, in order to prevent brittle rupture and improve the ductility of the system, this research was performed by using Aluminum and Titanium materials between the two different structural systems. The research also aims to provide various strengthening/retrofitting methods for RC beam structures and to conduct a preliminary analysis of the demands on the structural systems. This was achieved by estimation using the experimental data from this research to identify a flexural capacity for the systems. Ultimately, the preliminary analysis of current study showed that the flexural capacity and system demand ductility was significantly improved by the systems inserted with Aluminum and Titanium anchor plates. Further verification of the experimental research is currently on its way to develop a new or reliable design guideline to retrofit/strengthen the concrete-FRP structural system can be evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title="reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP%20laminate" title=" FRP laminate"> FRP laminate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20capacity" title=" flexural capacity"> flexural capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12364/the-flexural-improvement-of-rc-beams-using-an-inserted-plate-between-concrete-and-frp-bonding-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Development of Industry Oriented Undergraduate Research Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ryong%20Kim">Sung Ryong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Sup%20Han"> Hyung Sup Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Yup%20Kim"> Jae-Yup Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many engineering students feel uncomfortable in solving the industry related problems. There are many ways to strengthen the engineering student’s ability to solve the assigned problem when they get a job. Korea National University of Transportation has developed an industry-oriented undergraduate research program (URP). An URP program is designed for engineering students to provide an experience of solving a company’s research problem. The URP project is carried out for 6 months. Each URP team consisted of 1 company mentor, 1 professor, and 3-4 engineering students. A team of different majors is strongly encouraged to integrate different perspectives of multidisciplinary background. The corporate research projects proposed by companies are chosen by the major-related student teams. A company mentor gives the detailed technical background of the project to the students, and he/she also provides a basic data, raw materials and so forth. The company allows students to use the company's research equipment. An assigned professor has adjusted the project scope and level to the student’s ability after discussing with a company mentor. Monthly meeting is used to check the progress, to exchange ideas, and to help the students. It is proven as an effective engineering education program not only to provide an experience of company research but also to motivate the students in their course work. This program provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for undergraduate students to perform the practical challenges encountered in their major-related companies and it is especially helpful for students who want to get a job from a company that proposed the project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=company%20mentor" title="company mentor">company mentor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20oriented" title=" industry oriented"> industry oriented</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary%20platform" title=" interdisciplinary platform"> interdisciplinary platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20research%20program" title=" undergraduate research program"> undergraduate research program</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74494/development-of-industry-oriented-undergraduate-research-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Corrosion Properties of Friction Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys; Duralumin and AA6063</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sori%20Won">Sori Won</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosung%20Seo"> Bosung Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwangsuk%20Park"> Kwangsuk Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min"> Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increased needs for lightweight materials in automobile industry, the usage of aluminum alloys becomes prevailed as components and car bodies due to their comparative specific strength. These parts composed of different aluminum alloys should be connected each other, where welding technologies are commonly applied. Among various welding methods, friction welding method as a solid state welding gets to be popular in joining aluminum alloys as it does not produce a defect such as blowhole that is often formed during typical welding processes. Once two metals are joined, corrosion would become an issue due to different electrochemical potentials. In this study, we investigated variations of corrosion properties when Duralumin and AA6063 were joined by friction welding. From the polarization test, it was found that the potential of the welded was placed between those of two original metals, which could be explained by a concept of mixed potential. Pitting is a common form as a result of the corrosion of aluminum alloys when they are exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. However, when two different aluminum alloys (Duralumin and AA6063) were joined, pitting corrosion occurred severely and uniformly in Duralumin while there were a few pits around precipitates in AA6063, indicating that AA6063 was cathodically protected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20properties" title="corrosion properties">corrosion properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20welding" title=" friction welding"> friction welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilar%20Al%20alloys" title=" dissimilar Al alloys"> dissimilar Al alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20test" title=" polarization test"> polarization test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77807/corrosion-properties-of-friction-welded-dissimilar-aluminum-alloys-duralumin-and-aa6063" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Analysis of Production Forecasting in Unconventional Gas Resources Development Using Machine Learning and Data-Driven Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongkwon%20Han">Dongkwon Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangho%20Kim"> Sangho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kwon"> Sunil Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unconventional gas resources have dramatically changed the future energy landscape. Unlike conventional gas resources, the key challenges in unconventional gas have been the requirement that applies to advanced approaches for production forecasting due to uncertainty and complexity of fluid flow. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) model which integrates machine learning and data-driven approach was developed to predict productivity in shale gas. The database of 129 wells of Eagle Ford shale basin used for testing and training of the ANN model. The Input data related to hydraulic fracturing, well completion and productivity of shale gas were selected and the output data is a cumulative production. The performance of the ANN using all data sets, clustering and variables importance (VI) models were compared in the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). ANN model using all data sets, clustering, and VI were obtained as 44.22%, 10.08% (cluster 1), 5.26% (cluster 2), 6.35%(cluster 3), and 32.23% (ANN VI), 23.19% (SVM VI), respectively. The results showed that the pre-trained ANN model provides more accurate results than the ANN model using all data sets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20gas" title="unconventional gas">unconventional gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variables%20importance" title=" variables importance"> variables importance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73869/analysis-of-production-forecasting-in-unconventional-gas-resources-development-using-machine-learning-and-data-driven-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Latent Factors of Severity in Truck-Involved and Non-Truck-Involved Crashes on Freeways</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Hyung%20Cho">Shin-Hyung Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Kyu%20Kim"> Dong-Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Young%20Kho"> Seung-Young Kho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Truck-involved crashes have higher crash severity than non-truck-involved crashes. There have been many studies about the frequency of crashes and the development of severity models, but those studies only analyzed the relationship between observed variables. To identify why more people are injured or killed when trucks are involved in the crash, we must examine to quantify the complex causal relationship between severity of the crash and risk factors by adopting the latent factors of crashes. The aim of this study was to develop a structural equation or model based on truck-involved and non-truck-involved crashes, including five latent variables, i.e. a crash factor, environmental factor, road factor, driver’s factor, and severity factor. To clarify the unique characteristics of truck-involved crashes compared to non-truck-involved crashes, a confirmatory analysis method was used. To develop the model, we extracted crash data from 10,083 crashes on Korean freeways from 2008 through 2014. The results showed that the most significant variable affecting the severity of a crash is the crash factor, which can be expressed by the location, cause, and type of the crash. For non-truck-involved crashes, the crash and environment factors increase severity of the crash; conversely, the road and driver factors tend to reduce severity of the crash. For truck-involved crashes, the driver factor has a significant effect on severity of the crash although its effect is slightly less than the crash factor. The multiple group analysis employed to analyze the differences between the heterogeneous groups of drivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crash%20severity" title="crash severity">crash severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20structural%20equation%20modeling%20%28SEM%29" title=" structural structural equation modeling (SEM)"> structural structural equation modeling (SEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truck-involved%20crashes" title=" truck-involved crashes"> truck-involved crashes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20group%20analysis" title=" multiple group analysis"> multiple group analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crash%20on%20freeway" title=" crash on freeway"> crash on freeway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69612/latent-factors-of-severity-in-truck-involved-and-non-truck-involved-crashes-on-freeways" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Correlation between Resistance to Non-Specific Inhibitor and Mammalian Pathogenicity of an Egg Adapted H9N2 Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Young%20Lee">Chung-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hee%20Ahn"> Se-Hee Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Gu%20Choi"> Jun-Gu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Jeong%20Lee"> Youn-Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Joon%20Kwon"> Hyuk-Joon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hong%20Kim"> Jae-Hong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A/chicken/Korea/01310/2001 (H9N2) (01310) was passaged through embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) by 20 times (01310-E20), and it has been used for an inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in Korea. After sequential passages, 01310-E20 showed higher pathogenicity in ECEs and acquired multiple mutations including a potential N-glycosylation at position 133 (H3 numbering) in HA and 18aa-deletion in NA stalk. To evaluate the effect of these mutations on the mammalian pathogenicity and resistance to non-specific inhibitors, we generated four PR8-derived recombinant viruses with different combinations of HA and NA from 01310-E2 and 01310-E20 (rH2N2, rH2N20, rH20N2, and rH20N20). According to our results, recombinant viruses containing 01310 E20 HA showed higher growth property in MDCK cells and higher virulence on mice than those containing 01310 E2 HA regardless of NA. The hemagglutination activity of rH20N20 was less inhibited by egg white and mouse lung extract than that of other recombinant viruses. Thus, the increased pathogenicity of 01310-E20 may be related to both higher replication efficiency and resistance to non-specific inhibitors in mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20influenza%20virus" title="avian influenza virus">avian influenza virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20adaptation" title=" egg adaptation"> egg adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H9N2" title=" H9N2"> H9N2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-glycosylation" title=" N-glycosylation"> N-glycosylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stalk%20deletion%20of%20neuraminidase" title=" stalk deletion of neuraminidase"> stalk deletion of neuraminidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74841/correlation-between-resistance-to-non-specific-inhibitor-and-mammalian-pathogenicity-of-an-egg-adapted-h9n2-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Fabrication of Modified Chitosan-Gold Nanoshell with Mercaptopropionic Acid(MPA) for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Detection as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi%20Wa">Bi Wa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Yeon%20Kwon"> Su-Yeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik-Joong%20Kang"> Ik-Joong Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) as the principle for enhancing Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures is used to detect the concentration change of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). GABA is the mainly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system in the human body. It plays such significant role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In this case, the Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) is used to modified chitosan –gold nanoshell, which enhances the absorption between GABA and Chitosan-gold nanoshell. The sulfur end of the MPA is linked to gold which is the surface of the chitosan nanoparticles via the very strong S–Au bond, while a functional group (carboxyl group) attached to GABA. The controlling of particles’ size and the surface morphology are also the important factors during the whole experiment. The particle around 100nm is using to link to MPA, and the range of GABA from 1mM to 30mM was detected by the Raman Scattering to obtain the calibrate curve. In this study, DLS, SEM, FT-IR, UV, SERS were used to analyze the products to obtain the conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan-gold%20nanoshell" title="chitosan-gold nanoshell">chitosan-gold nanoshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercaptopropionic%20acid" title=" mercaptopropionic acid"> mercaptopropionic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid"> γ-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20raman%20scattering" title=" surface-enhanced raman scattering"> surface-enhanced raman scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54235/fabrication-of-modified-chitosan-gold-nanoshell-with-mercaptopropionic-acidmpa-for-gh-aminobutyric-acid-detection-as-a-surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Dietary Effect of Probiotic Bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 Isolate from Jeju Island`s Traditional Fermented Food, on Innate Immune Response of Oplegnathus fasciatus Challenged with Vibrio anguillarum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Hwi%20Kim">Dong Hwi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharaneedharan%20Subramanian"> Dharaneedharan Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Hyun%20Park"> So Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha-Ri%20Choi"> Ha-Ri Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Hyung%20Kim"> Ji-Hyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Hoon%20Lee"> Dong-Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Soo%20Heo"> Moon Soo Heo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was performed to evaluate the use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 isolated from a traditional fermented sea food, as probiotic bacteria in the diets for Rock-bream, Oplegnathus faciatus. A total of 180 fish (187.4 ± 2.7 g) were divided into two groups, control (C) and probiotic (P) group (90 fish per group) in triplicate. C group was fed with basal diet without probiotic, while P group was fed with B. amyloliquefaciens spores at concentration of 1.4 x 106 colony forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feed. After two months of feeding experiments, P group fish showed significant improvements in body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with C group. Also, bi-weekly assessment of serum protein, glucose, fatty acid profile showed a significant increase in probiotic fed fish than that of control fish group. Similar increase in serum antioxidant and lysozyme activity was found in probiotic fed fish group. Twenty days challenge experiment shows decrease mortality in probiotic fed fish group when compared with that of control group. Hence, these results indicate that the use of B. amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 as a feed supplement, is beneficial to improve the health status of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20amyloliquefaciens" title="Bacillus amyloliquefaciens">Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oplegnathus%20fasciatus" title=" Oplegnathus fasciatus"> Oplegnathus fasciatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic%20feed" title=" probiotic feed"> probiotic feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20bream" title=" rock bream"> rock bream</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55873/dietary-effect-of-probiotic-bacteria-bacillus-amyloliquefaciens-jfp-2-isolate-from-jeju-islands-traditional-fermented-food-on-innate-immune-response-of-oplegnathus-fasciatus-challenged-with-vibrio-anguillarum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Numerical Studies on the Performance of the Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Praveen%20Kumar">S. P. Praveen Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bong-Su%20Sin"> Bong-Su Sin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwon-Hee%20Lee"> Kwon-Hee Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finned-tube heat exchangers are predominantly used in space conditioning systems, as well as other applications requiring heat exchange between two fluids. The design of finned-tube heat exchangers requires the selection of over a dozen design parameters by the designer such as tube pitch, tube diameter, tube thickness, etc. Finned-tube heat exchangers are common devices; however, their performance characteristics are complicated. In this paper, numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the performances of finned tube heat exchanger (without fins considered for experimental purpose) by predicting the characteristics of temperature difference and pressure drop. In this study, a design considering 5 design variables, maximizing the temperature difference and minimizing the pressure drop was suggested by applying DOE. In this process, L18 orthogonal array was adopted. Parametric analytical studies have been carried out using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the relative importance of each variable with respect to the temperature difference and the pressure drop. Following the results, the final design was suggested by predicting the optimum design therefore confirming the optimized condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title="heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20analysis" title=" fluid analysis"> fluid analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiment" title=" design of experiment"> design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20of%20variance" title=" analysis of variance"> analysis of variance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4352/numerical-studies-on-the-performance-of-the-finned-tube-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> The Influence of Step and Fillet Shape on Nozzle Endwall Heat Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Ju%20Kim">Jeong Ju Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Yoon%20Chung"> Hee Yoon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ho%20Rhee"> Dong Ho Rhee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a gap at combustor-turbine interface where leakage flow comes out to prevent hot gas ingestion into the gas turbine nozzle platform. The leakage flow protects the nozzle endwall surface from the hot gas coming from combustor exit. For controlling flow’s stream, the gap’s geometry is transformed by changing fillet radius size. During the operation, step configuration is occurred that was unintended between combustor-turbine platform interface caused by thermal expansion or mismatched assembly. In this study, CFD simulations were performed to investigate the effect of the fillet and step on heat transfer and film cooling effectiveness on the nozzle platform. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes equation was solved with turbulence model, SST k-omega. With the fillet configuration, predicted film cooling effectiveness results indicated that fillet radius size influences to enhance film cooling effectiveness. Predicted film cooling effectiveness results at forward facing step configuration indicated that step height influences to enhance film cooling effectiveness. We suggested that designer change a combustor-turbine interface configuration which was varied by fillet radius size near endwall gap when there was a step at combustor-turbine interface. Gap shape was modified by increasing fillet radius size near nozzle endwall. Also, fillet radius and step height were interacted with the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer on endwall surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine" title="gas turbine">gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20cooling%20effectiveness" title=" film cooling effectiveness"> film cooling effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endwall" title=" endwall"> endwall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fillet" title=" fillet"> fillet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48138/the-influence-of-step-and-fillet-shape-on-nozzle-endwall-heat-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Anti-Prostate Cancer Effect of GV-1001, a Novel Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Ligand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Won%20Kim">Ji Won Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moo%20Yeol%20Lee"> Moo Yeol Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keon%20Wook%20Kang"> Keon Wook Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GV-1001, 16 amino acid fragment of human telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (hTERT), has been developed as an injectable cancer vaccine for many types of solid tumors showing high-level of telomerase activity. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of GV-1001 on androgen-receptor-positive prostate cancer. Two signaling pathways, Gs-adenylate cyclase-cAMP and Gq-IP3-Ca2+ pathways play a central role in GnRH receptor (GnRHR)-mediated activities. We found that leuprolide acetate (LA) mainly acted on Gq-mediated Ca2+ signaling, while GV-1001 preferentially acted on cAMP signaling; and both the effects were counteracted by cetrorelix, a GnRHR antagonist. We further tested whether GV-1001 affects tumor growth of human prostate cancer cells in vivo. Prostate tumor xenografts were established using LNCap, androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cells, and the nude mice bearing tumors were subcutaneously injected with GV-1001 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 microg/kg/day) and LA (0.01 microg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. GV-1001 (1 and 10 microg/kg/day) significantly inhibited tumor growth of LNCap xenografts. Interestingly, mRNA expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was significantly suppressed by GV-1001 injection, but not by LA administration. Boyden chamber assay revealed that GV-1001 potently inhibited cell migration of LNCap. Our finding suggests that GV-1001 as a novel GnRHR ligand, has anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GV-1001" title="GV-1001">GV-1001</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GnRH" title=" GnRH"> GnRH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hTERT" title=" hTERT"> hTERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostate%20cancer" title=" prostate cancer"> prostate cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22012/anti-prostate-cancer-effect-of-gv-1001-a-novel-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor-ligand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Limit State Evaluation of Bridge According to Peak Ground Acceleration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Kwon">Minho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghee%20Lim"> Jeonghee Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeongseok%20Jeong"> Yeongseok Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongyoon%20Moon"> Jongyoon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghoon%20Shin"> Donghoon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoung%20Kim"> Kiyoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, the criteria and procedures for the design of concrete structures were mainly based on the stresses allowed for structural components. However, although the frequency of earthquakes has increased and the risk has increased recently, it has been difficult to determine the safety factor for earthquakes in the safety assessment of structures based on allowable stresses. Recently, limit state design method has been introduced for reinforced concrete structures, and limit state-based approach has been recognized as a more effective technique for seismic design. Therefore, in this study, the limit state of the bridge, which is a structure requiring higher stability against earthquakes, was evaluated. The finite element program LS-DYNA and twenty ground motion were used for time history analysis. The fracture caused by tensile and compression of the pier were set to the limit state. In the concrete tensile fracture, the limit state arrival rate was 100% at peak ground acceleration 0.4g. In the concrete compression fracture, the limit state arrival rate was 100% at peak ground acceleration 0.2g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20stress" title="allowable stress">allowable stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20state" title=" limit state"> limit state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor"> safety factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20acceleration" title=" peak ground acceleration"> peak ground acceleration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83050/limit-state-evaluation-of-bridge-according-to-peak-ground-acceleration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">6</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Wook%20Kwon&page=7" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>