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alternative</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: time alternative"> <meta name="keywords" content="time alternative"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="time alternative"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21025</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: time alternative</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21025</span> Exploring Chinese Nurses’ Views on Alternative Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Chen">Hui Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huping%20Gong"> Huping Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yalin%20Mao"> Yalin Mao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper mainly focuses on the Chinese registered nurses as the research object, and studies the role of Chinese registered nurses in the cognition and application experience of alternative medicine. In this study, nurses were interviewed, focusing on their views and exchanging experiences on the use of alternative medicine in their work. The researchers will use Colaizzi to analyze the collected data. Four main themes emerged from the interviews, namely: 1) the current state of alternative medicine in China, 2) Challenges faced by nurses, 3) How nurses overcome various difficulties, 4) Development of alternative medicine in China. Through the exchange of knowledge and practical experience of alternative medicine, registered nurses in China are not only participants in the application of alternative medicine but also play an active role in promoting its development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Chinese%20medicine" title="traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20medicine" title=" alternative medicine"> alternative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse" title=" nurse"> nurse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192070/exploring-chinese-nurses-views-on-alternative-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21024</span> Plants as Alternative Covers at Contaminated Sites </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Grifoni">M. Grifoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Petruzzelli"> G. Petruzzelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Barbafieri"> M. Barbafieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rosellini"> I. Rosellini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Pezzarossa"> B. Pezzarossa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Pedron"> F. Pedron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evapotranspiration (ET) covers are an alternative cover system that utilizes water balance approach to maximize the ET process to reduce the contaminants leaching through the soil profile. Microcosm tests allow to identify in a short time the most suitable plant species to be used as alternative covers, their survival capacity, and simultaneously the transpiration and evaporation rate of the cover in a specific contaminated soil. This work shows the soil characterization and ET results of microcosm tests carried out on two contaminated soils by using <em>Triticum durum</em> and <em>Helianthus annuus</em> species. The data indicated that transpiration was higher than evaporation, supporting the use of plants as alternative cover at this contaminated site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminated%20sites" title="contaminated sites">contaminated sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration%20cover" title=" evapotranspiration cover"> evapotranspiration cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title=" evapotranspiration"> evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcosm%20experiments" title=" microcosm experiments"> microcosm experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77910/plants-as-alternative-covers-at-contaminated-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21023</span> Near-Infrared Spectrometry as an Alternative Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability for Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Velvarska">R. Velvarska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Vrablik"> A. Vrablik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fiedlerova"> M. Fiedlerova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Cerny"> R. Cerny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near-infrared spectrometry (NIR) was tested as a rapid and alternative tool for determination of biodiesel oxidation stability. A PetroOxy method is standardly used for the determination, but this method is hazardous due to the possibility of explosion and ignition of flammable fuels. The second disadvantage is time consuming. The near-infrared spectrometry served for the development of the calibration model which was composed of 133 real samples (calibration standards). The reference values of these standards were obtained by PetroOxy method. Many chemometric diagnostics were used for the development of the final NIR model with the aim to have accurate prediction of the oxidation stability. The final NIR model was validated by 30 validation standards. The repeatability was determined as well with the acceptable residual standard deviation (8.59 %). The NIR spectrometry has proved to be an accurate alternative method for the determination of biodiesel oxidation stability with advantages as the time and cost saving, non-destructive character of analyzing and the possibility of online monitoring in safe mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20methyl%20ester" title=" fatty acid methyl ester"> fatty acid methyl ester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR" title=" NIR"> NIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20stability" title=" oxidation stability"> oxidation stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99063/near-infrared-spectrometry-as-an-alternative-method-for-determination-of-oxidation-stability-for-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21022</span> Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Alternative Roads under Triple Bottom Line Accounting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onur%20Kaya">Onur Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilknur%20Tukenmez"> Ilknur Tukenmez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we consider vehicle routing problems on networks with alternative direct links between nodes, and we analyze a multi-objective problem considering the financial, environmental and social objectives in this context. In real life, there might exist several alternative direct roads between two nodes, and these roads might have differences in terms of their lengths and durations. For example, a road might be shorter than another but might require longer time due to traffic and speed limits. Similarly, some toll roads might be shorter or faster but require additional payment, leading to higher costs. We consider such alternative links in our problem and develop a mixed integer linear programming model that determines which alternative link to use between two nodes, in addition to determining the optimal routes for different vehicles, depending on the model objectives and constraints. We consider the minimum cost routing as the financial objective for the company, minimizing the CO2 emissions and gas usage as the environmental objectives, and optimizing the driver working conditions/working hours, and minimizing the risks of accidents as the social objectives. With these objective functions, we aim to determine which routes, and which alternative links should be used in addition to the speed choices on each link. We discuss the results of the developed vehicle routing models and compare their results depending on the system parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20routing" title="vehicle routing">vehicle routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20links%20between%20nodes" title=" alternative links between nodes"> alternative links between nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20integer%20linear%20programming" title=" mixed integer linear programming"> mixed integer linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple%20bottom%20line%20accounting" title=" triple bottom line accounting"> triple bottom line accounting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64786/vehicle-routing-problem-considering-alternative-roads-under-triple-bottom-line-accounting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21021</span> Unconventional Hydrocarbon Management Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20Artono">Edi Artono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Tamtomo"> Budi Tamtomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gema%20Wahyudi%20Purnama"> Gema Wahyudi Purnama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world energy demand increasing extreamly high time by time, including domestic demand. That is impossible to avoid because energy a country demand proportional to surge in the number of residents, economic growth and addition of industrial sector. Domestic Oil and gas conventional reserves depleted naturally while production outcome from reservoir also depleted time to time. In the other hand, new reserve did not discover significantly to replace it all. Many people are investigating to looking for new alternative energy to answer the challenge. There are several option to solve energy fossil needed problem using Unconventional Hydrocarbon. There are four aspects to consider as a management reference in order that Unconventional Hydrocarbon business can work properly, divided to: 1. Legal aspect, 2. Environmental aspect, 3. Technical aspect and 4. Economy aspect. The economic aspect as the key to whether or not a project can be implemented or not in Oil and Gas business scheme, so do Unconventional Hydorcarbon business scheme. The support of regulation are needed to buttress Unconventional Hydorcarbon business grow up and make benefits contribute to Government. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy" title="alternative energy">alternative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20hydrocarbon" title=" unconventional hydrocarbon"> unconventional hydrocarbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20support" title=" regulation support"> regulation support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20strategy" title=" management strategy"> management strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12494/unconventional-hydrocarbon-management-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21020</span> Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity of Alternative Refrigerants as Retrofit for Freon 12</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutalubi%20Aremu%20Akintunde">Mutalubi Aremu Akintunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Isa"> John Isa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The negative impact on the atmosphere, of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants (CFC) radical changes and measures were put in place to replace them. This has led to search for alternative refrigerants over the past decades. This paper presents thermal conductivity, diffusivity and performance of two alternative refrigerants as replacement to R12, which has been a versatile refrigerant which had turned the refrigeration industries around for decades, but one of the offensive refrigerants. The new refrigerants were coded RA1 (50%R600a/50%R134a;) and RA2 (70%R600a/30%R134a). The diffusivities for RA1 and RA2 were estimated to be, 2.76384 X 10-8 m2/s and 2.74386 X 10-8 m2/s respectively, while that of R12 under the same experimental condition is 2.43772 X 10-8 m2/s. The performances of the two refrigerants in a refrigerator initially designed for R12, were very close to that of R12. Other thermodynamic parameters showed that R12 can be replaced with both RA1 and RA2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20refrigerants" title="alternative refrigerants">alternative refrigerants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusivity" title=" diffusivity"> diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigerants" title=" refrigerants"> refrigerants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135834/thermal-conductivity-and-diffusivity-of-alternative-refrigerants-as-retrofit-for-freon-12" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21019</span> Intercultural Competency for Teachers at the Public Multicultural Alternative School for Immigrants and Multicultural Family Student’s School Maladjustment in Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiseob%20Chung">Kiseob Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeonmin%20Kang"> Hyeonmin Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to explore what is intercultural competency needed for teacher through their experience at the public multicultural alternative school. The public alternative multicultural school is an accredited school for immigrants or students from multicultural families who have experienced school maladjustment at public school. This school has self-regulation in curriculum and function of bridge to public school by helping their adaptation. In particular, this study answers the following questions: What are the most difficulties for teacher at the multicultural alternative school in comparison to public school? What competencies are required for teacher at the multicultural alternative school? Which competencies in cognitive, emotional and practical area should be more required in order for teacher to communicate with student effectively (successfully) in class and other activities in school? What is the background of that we called these competencies especially as ‘intercultural’? This study focuses to clarify teacher’s competency to help immigrants of students from multicultural background to adjust to school life with the term of intercultural competency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20competency%20for%20teacher" title="intercultural competency for teacher">intercultural competency for teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural%20alternative%20school" title=" multicultural alternative school"> multicultural alternative school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural%20students" title=" multicultural students"> multicultural students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20maladjustment" title=" school maladjustment"> school maladjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34200/intercultural-competency-for-teachers-at-the-public-multicultural-alternative-school-for-immigrants-and-multicultural-family-students-school-maladjustment-in-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21018</span> The Right to Receive Alternative Health Care as a Part of the Right to Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20L%C3%BAcia%20Raposo">Vera Lúcia Raposo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The right to health care – usually known as the right to health – is recognized in many national laws and Constitutions, as well as in international human rights documents. The kind of health care that citizens are entitled to receive, especially in the framework of the National Health Service, is usually identified with conventional medicine. However, since ancient times that a different form of medicine – alternative, traditional or nonconventional medicine – exists. In recent times it is attracting increasing interest, as it is demonstrated by the use of its specific knowledge either by pharmaceutical companies either by modern health technologies. Alternative medicine refers to a holistic approach to body and mind using herbal products, animal parts and minerals instead of technology and pharmaceutical drugs. These notes contributed to a sense of distrust towards it, accusing alternative medicine of being based on superstition and ignorance. However, and without denying that some particular practices lack indeed any kind of evidence or scientific grounds, the fact is that a substantial part of alternative medicine can actually produce satisfactory results. The paper will not advocate the substitution of conventional medicine by alternative medicine, but the complementation between the two and their specific knowledge. In terms of the right to health, as a fundamental right and a human right, this thesis leads to the implementation of a wider range of therapeutic choices for patients, who should be entitled to receive different forms of health care that complement one another, both in public and private health facilities. This scenario would demand a proper regulation for alternative medicine, which nowadays does not exist in most countries, but it is essential to protect patients and public health in general and to reinforce confidence in alternative medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20medicine" title="alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20medicine" title=" conventional medicine"> conventional medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%E2%80%99s%20rights" title=" patient’s rights"> patient’s rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20health" title=" right to health"> right to health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75377/the-right-to-receive-alternative-health-care-as-a-part-of-the-right-to-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21017</span> Community That Supports Agriculture: A Strategy to Help Family Farmers by Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feguens%20Pierre">Feguens Pierre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a long time, Latin American countries have been introduced to numerous programs and public policies focused on improving the agricultural sector in terms of sustainability, as well as in terms of the relationship between producers and consumers, aimed at improve farmers' income and allow consumers to have access to quality products, encouraging alternative agriculture. Therefore, in Brazil, among the programs, that is, the public policies that have encompassed alternative agriculture, in other words organic, we have the Community that Supports Agriculture (CSA) which ensures a relationship between producers and consumers focused on a solidarity economy, also protecting the environment. This work aims to understand the importance of the Community Supporting Agriculture (CSA), as well as the challenges it has faced over time. Particularly in the case of Brazil. A bibliographic methodology was used to theoretically analyze through several books and articles the performance of (CSA) in Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20supporting%20agriculture" title="community supporting agriculture">community supporting agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance" title=" importance"> importance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producer" title=" producer"> producer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title=" consumer"> consumer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182117/community-that-supports-agriculture-a-strategy-to-help-family-farmers-by-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21016</span> Linguistic World Order in the 21st Century: Need of Alternative Linguistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailendra%20Kumar%20Singh">Shailendra Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the 21st century, we are living through extraordinary times as we are linguistically blessed to live through an era in which the each sociolinguistic example of living appears to be refreshingly new without any precedence of the past. The word `New Linguistic World Order’ is no longer just the intangible fascination but an indication of the emerging reality that we are living through a time in which the word ‘linguistic purism’ no longer invokes the sense of self categorization and self identification. The contemporary world of today is linguistically rewarding. This is a time in which the very existence of global, powerful and local needs to be revisited in the context of power shift, demographic shift, social psychological shift and technological shift. Hence, the old linguistic world view has to be challenged in the midst of 21st century. The first years of the 21st century have thus far been marked by the rise global economy, technological revolution and demographic shift, now we are witnessing linguistic shift which is leading towards forming a new linguistic world order. On the other hand, with rising powers of China and India in Asia in tandem the notion of alternative west is set to become a lot more interesting linguistically. It comes at a point when the world is moving towards inclusive globalization due to vanishing power corridor of the west and ascending geopolitical impact of emerging superpower and superpower in waiting. Now it is a reality that the western world no longer continues to rise – in fact, it will have more pressure to act in situation when the alternative west is looking for balanced globalization. It is more than likely that demographically strong languages of alternative west will be in advantageous position. The paper challenges our preconceptions about the nature of sociolinguistic nature of world in the 21st century. It investigates what a linguistic world is likely to be in the future in contrast to what was a linguistic world before 21st century. In particular, the paper tries to answer the following questions: (a) What will be the common linguistic thread across world? (b) How unprecedented transformations can be mapped linguistically? (c) Do we need alternative linguistics to define inclusive globalization as the linguistic reality of the contemporary world has already been reshaped by increasingly integrated world economy, linguistic revolution and alternative west? (d) In which ways these issues can be addressed holistically? (e) Why linguistic world order is changing dramatically? (f) Is it true that the linguistic world around is changing faster than we can even really cope? (g) Is it true that what is coming next is linguistically greater than ever? (h) Do we need to prepare ourselves with new theoretical strategies to address emerging sociolinguistic reality? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20linguistics" title="alternative linguistics">alternative linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20linguistic%20world%20order" title=" new linguistic world order"> new linguistic world order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20shift" title=" power shift"> power shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20shift" title=" demographic shift"> demographic shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20psychological%20shift" title=" social psychological shift"> social psychological shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20shift" title=" technological shift"> technological shift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39275/linguistic-world-order-in-the-21st-century-need-of-alternative-linguistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21015</span> Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Biomass with Elevated Alkali Content: A Comparative Study between Two Alternative Bed Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ninduangdee">P. Ninduangdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20I.%20Kuprianov"> V. I. Kuprianov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Palm kernel shell is an important bioenergy resource in Thailand. However, due to elevated alkali content in biomass ash, this oil palm residue shows high tendency to bed agglomeration in a fluidized-bed combustion system using conventional bed material (silica sand). In this study, palm kernel shell was burned in the conical fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) using alumina and dolomite as alternative bed materials to prevent bed agglomeration. For each bed material, the combustion tests were performed at 45kg/h fuel feed rate with excess air within 20–80%. Experimental results revealed rather weak effects of the bed material type but substantial influence of excess air on the behaviour of temperature, O2, CO, CxHy, and NO inside the reactor, as well as on the combustion efficiency and major gaseous emissions of the conical FBC. The optimal level of excess air ensuring high combustion efficiency (about 98.5%) and acceptable level of the emissions was found to be about 40% when using alumina and 60% with dolomite. By using these alternative bed materials, bed agglomeration can be prevented when burning the shell in the proposed conical FBC. However, both bed materials exhibited significant changes in their morphological, physical and chemical properties in the course of the time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20shell" title="palm kernel shell">palm kernel shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized-bed%20combustion" title=" fluidized-bed combustion"> fluidized-bed combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20bed%20materials" title=" alternative bed materials"> alternative bed materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20and%20emission%20performance" title=" combustion and emission performance"> combustion and emission performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20agglomeration%20prevention" title=" bed agglomeration prevention"> bed agglomeration prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3746/fluidized-bed-combustion-of-biomass-with-elevated-alkali-content-a-comparative-study-between-two-alternative-bed-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21014</span> Environmental Aspects of Alternative Fuel Use for Transport with Special Focus on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szymon%20Kuczynski">Szymon Kuczynski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krystian%20Liszka"> Krystian Liszka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariusz%20Laciak"> Mariusz Laciak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrii%20Oliinyk"> Andrii Oliinyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Szurlej"> Adam Szurlej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of gaseous fuel use in the motive power of vehicles dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century, and thus the beginnings of the automotive industry. The engines were powered by coal gas and became the prototype for internal combustion engines built so far. It can thus be considered that this construction gave rise to the automotive industry. As the socio-economic development advances, so does the number of motor vehicles. Although, due to technological progress in recent decades, the emissions generated by internal combustion engines of cars have been reduced, a sharp increase in the number of cars and the rapidly growing traffic are an important source of air pollution and a major cause of acoustic threat, in particular in large urban agglomerations. One of the solutions, in terms of reducing exhaust emissions and improving air quality, is a more extensive use of alternative fuels: CNG, LNG, electricity and hydrogen. In the case of electricity use for transport, it should be noted that the environmental outcome depends on the structure of electricity generation. The paper shows selected regulations affecting the use of alternative fuels for transport (including Directive 2014/94/EU) and its dynamics between 2000 and 2015 in Poland and selected EU countries. The paper also gives a focus on the impact of alternative fuels on the environment by comparing the volume of individual emissions (compared to the emissions from conventional fuels: petrol and diesel oil). Bearing in mind that the extent of various alternative fuel use is determined in first place by economic conditions, the article describes the price relationships between alternative and conventional fuels in Poland and selected EU countries. It is pointed out that although Poland has a wealth of experience in using methane alternative fuels for transport, one of the main barriers to their development in Poland is the extensive use of LPG. In addition, a poorly developed network of CNG stations in Poland, which does not allow easy transport, especially in the northern part of the country, is a serious problem to a further development of CNG use as fuel for transport. An interesting solution to this problem seems to be the use of home CNG filling stations: Home Refuelling Appliance (HRA, refuelling time 8-10 hours) and Home Refuelling Station (HRS, refuelling time 8-10 minutes). The team is working on HRA and HRS technologies. The article also highlights the impact of alternative fuel use on energy security by reducing reliance on imports of crude oil and petroleum products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20fuels" title="alternative fuels">alternative fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNG%20%28Compressed%20Natural%20Gas%29" title=" CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)"> CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNG%20stations" title=" CNG stations"> CNG stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LNG%20%28Liquefied%20Natural%20Gas%29" title=" LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)"> LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGVs%20%28Natural%20Gas%20Vehicles%29" title=" NGVs (Natural Gas Vehicles)"> NGVs (Natural Gas Vehicles)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20emissions" title=" pollutant emissions"> pollutant emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54971/environmental-aspects-of-alternative-fuel-use-for-transport-with-special-focus-on-compressed-natural-gas-cng" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21013</span> Estimating Future Solar Potential in Evolving High-Density Urban Areas for the Mid-Latitude City of Mendoza, Argentina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariela%20Edith%20Arboit">Mariela Edith Arboit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of the project is to explore the evolution possibilities of the morphological indicators of the built environment, including those resulting from progressive soil occupation, due to the relentless growth of the city’s population and subsequent increase in building density and solar access reduction per built unit. Two alternative normative proposals, Conventional Proposal (CP) and Alternative Proposal (AP), are compared. In addition, temporal scenarios of the city’s evolution process are analyzed, starting from the reference situation of existing, high-density built-up areas, and simulating their possible morphological outcomes on theoretical medium (30 yr.) and long (60 yr.) terms, as a result of the massive implementation of either regulation in the long run. The results obtained demonstrate that the Alternative Proposal (AP) presents higher mean values of predicted solar potential expressed by the Volumetric Insolation Factor total (VIFtot) for both time periods and services. Regarding environmental aspects, the different impacts of either alternative on the urban landscape quality seem to favor the AP proposal. Its deserved detailed assessment is also presently being developed through a quanti-qualitative methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20morphology" title="building morphology">building morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20quality" title=" environmental quality"> environmental quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainability" title=" urban sustainability"> urban sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86699/estimating-future-solar-potential-in-evolving-high-density-urban-areas-for-the-mid-latitude-city-of-mendoza-argentina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21012</span> An Alternative Concept of Green Screen Keying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Zhi">Jin Zhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on a green screen keying method developed especially for film visual effects. There are a series of ways of using existing tools for creating mattes from green or blue screen plates. However, it is still a time-consuming process, and the results vary especially when it comes to retaining tiny details, such as hair and fur. This paper introduces an alternative concept and method for retaining edge details of characters on a green screen plate, also, a number of connected mathematical equations are explored. At the end of this study, a simplified process of applying this method in real productions is also introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20screen" title="green screen">green screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20effects" title=" visual effects"> visual effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compositing" title=" compositing"> compositing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matte" title=" matte"> matte</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5566/an-alternative-concept-of-green-screen-keying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21011</span> Transnational Educators in Japan, Russia, and America: Historical Trends in Global Education in the 1990’s and Early 2000’s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20J.%20Glinos">Peter J. Glinos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Alternative Education Resource Organization (AERO), one of the largest international hubs for alternative educators led by Jerry Mintz, has had a major impact on the global alternative education movement. The organization’s publications, like the AERO-Gramme Newsletter and its successor, the Education Revolution Magazine, allowed members across the globe to discuss issues, share support, and submit writings on policies and reforms. Stored on AERO's online digital archive, this work uses these publications from 1989 to 2011 to investigate the network's entanglements with America, Canada, Russia, Ukraine, Israel, Palestine, Japan, India, and Guatemala. Inspired by Reinhart Koselleck, this historical analysis will trace AERO’s entanglements within the United States, Japan, and Russia, contextualizing each of these multiple temporalities within the history of each nation’s education system, the developments within AERO, and the global geo-political climate at the time of AERO’s expansion. To help remedy the lack of attention paid by global historians to the role state organizations play supporting global networks, as noted in What is Global History? by Sebastian Conrad, this work will focus on the relationship between AERO and state actors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20history" title="global history">global history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20of%20education" title=" history of education"> history of education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoliberalism" title=" neoliberalism"> neoliberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20history" title=" transnational history"> transnational history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20education" title=" alternative education"> alternative education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187642/transnational-educators-in-japan-russia-and-america-historical-trends-in-global-education-in-the-1990s-and-early-2000s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21010</span> On the End-of-Life Inventory Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Frenk">Hans Frenk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonya%20Javadi"> Sonya Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semih%20Onur%20Sezer"> Semih Onur Sezer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider the so-called end of life inventory problem for the supplier of a product in its final phase of the service life cycle. This phase starts when the production of the items stops and continues until the warranty of the last sold item expires. At the beginning of this phase, the supplier places a final order for spare parts to serve customers coming with defective items. At any time during the final phase, the supplier may also decide to switch to an alternative and more cost-effective policy. This alternative policy may be in the form of replacing a defective item with a substitutable product or offering discounts / rebates on new generation products. In this setup, the objective is to find a final order quantity and also a switching time which will minimize the total expected discounted cost. We study this problem under a general cost structure in a continuous-time framework where arrivals of defective items are given by a non-homogeneous Poisson process. We consider four formulations which differ by the nature of the switching time. These formulations are studied in detail and properties of the objective function are derived in each case. Using these properties, we provide exact algorithms for efficient numerical implementations. Numerical examples are provided illustrating the application of these algorithms. In these examples, we also compare the costs associated with these different formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=End-of-life%20inventory%20control" title="End-of-life inventory control">End-of-life inventory control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martingales" title=" martingales"> martingales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20parts" title=" service parts"> service parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71462/on-the-end-of-life-inventory-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21009</span> Constraint-Directed Techniques for Transport Scheduling with Capacity Restrictions of Automotive Manufacturing Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martha%20Ndeley">Martha Ndeley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Ikome"> John Ikome</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we expand the scope of constraint-directed techniques to deal with the case of transportation schedule with capacity restrictions where the scheduling problem includes alternative activities. That is, not only does the scheduling problem consist of determining when an activity is to be executed, but also determining which set of alternative activities is to be executed at all level of transportation from input to output. Such problems encompass both alternative resource problems and alternative process plan problems. We formulate a constraint-based representation of alternative activities to model problems containing such choices. We then extend existing constraint-directed scheduling heuristic commitment techniques and propagators to reason directly about the fact that an activity does not necessarily have to exist in a final transportation schedule without being completed. Tentative results show that an algorithm using a novel texture-based heuristic commitment technique propagators achieves the best overall performance of the techniques tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title="production">production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling" title=" scheduling"> scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated" title=" integrated"> integrated</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50638/constraint-directed-techniques-for-transport-scheduling-with-capacity-restrictions-of-automotive-manufacturing-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21008</span> Communication Barriers and Challenges for Accessing Autism Care: Conventional Versus Alternative Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Antoine">M. D. Antoine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for autistic children, little is known about the communication flow between the different parties involved in autism care (e.g., parents/caregivers, conventional providers, alternative practitioners). This study aimed to describe how communication occurs through the first year following an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis to identify challenges and potential barriers to communication within the healthcare system in Ottawa, Canada. From an ecological perspective, we collected qualitative data through 12 semi-structured interviews with six parents/caregivers, three conventional providers (e.g., family doctor, neurodevelopmental pediatrician, psychologist), and three alternative practitioners (e.g., naturopath, occupational therapist, speech and language pathologist) operating in Ottawa. We interpreted the data using thematic analysis. Findings revealed communication challenges between the parents/caregivers and conventional providers while they experience better communication flow with fewer challenges in alternative care settings. However, parents/caregivers are the only links between the health professionals of both streams. From the five contexts examined: organizational, interpersonal, media, cultural, and political-legal, we found four themes (provider knowledge, care integration, flexible care, and time constraints) underlining specific barriers to communication flow between the parties involved in the care of autistic children. The increasing interest in alternative medicine is forcing changes in the healthcare system. Communications occur outside the norms making openings for better communication and information-sharing increasingly essential. Within the identified themes in the current study, the necessity for better communication between all parties involved in the care of autistic children is evident. More ASD and CAM-related training for providers would support effective parent/caregiver-provider communication. The findings of the current study contribute to a better understanding of the role of communication in the care management of autism, which has implications for effective autism care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20medicine" title="alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20care%20management" title=" autism care management"> autism care management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title=" autism spectrum disorder"> autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20medicine" title=" conventional medicine"> conventional medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent-provider%20communication" title=" parent-provider communication"> parent-provider communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144613/communication-barriers-and-challenges-for-accessing-autism-care-conventional-versus-alternative-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21007</span> Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cement Clinkers Produced Using Alternative Fuels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sorour%20Semsari%20Parapari">Sorour Semsari Parapari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Ali%20G%C3%BClg%C3%BCn"> Mehmet Ali Gülgün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melih%20Papila"> Melih Papila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cement production is one of the most energy-intensive processes consuming a high amount of thermal energy. Nowadays, alternative fuels are being used in cement manufacturing in a large scale as a help to provide the necessary energy. The alternative fuels could consist of any disposal like waste plastics, used tires and biomass. It has been suggested that the clinker properties might be affected by using these fuels because of foreign elements incorporation to the composition. Studying the distribution of clinker phases and their chemical composition is possible with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, clinker samples were produced using different alternative fuels in cement firing kilns. The microstructural observations by back-scattered electrons (BSE) mode in SEM (JEOL JSM-6010LV) showed that the clinker phase distribution was dissimilar in samples prepared with different alternative fuels. The alite to belite (a/b) phase content of samples was quantified by image analysis. The results showed that the a/b varied between 5.2 and 1.5 among samples as the average value for six clinker nodules. The elemental analysis by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mounted on SEM indicated the variation in chemical composition among samples. Higher amounts of sulfur and alkalis seemed to reduce the alite phase formation in clinkers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20fuels" title="alternative fuels">alternative fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20clinker" title=" cement clinker"> cement clinker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37823/scanning-electron-microscopy-of-cement-clinkers-produced-using-alternative-fuels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21006</span> A New Analytic Solution for the Heat Conduction with Time-Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Te%20Wen%20Tu">Te Wen Tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sen%20Yung%20Lee"> Sen Yung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An alternative approach is proposed to develop the analytic solution for one dimensional heat conduction with one mixed type boundary condition and general time-dependent heat transfer coefficient. In this study, the physic meaning of the solution procedure is revealed. It is shown that the shifting function takes the physic meaning of the reciprocal of Biot function in the initial time. Numerical results show the accuracy of this study. Comparing with those given in the existing literature, the difference is less than 0.3%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20solution" title="analytic solution">analytic solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" heat transfer coefficient"> heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shifting%20function%20method" title=" shifting function method"> shifting function method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20boundary%20condition" title=" time-dependent boundary condition"> time-dependent boundary condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7436/a-new-analytic-solution-for-the-heat-conduction-with-time-dependent-heat-transfer-coefficient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21005</span> Ecotourism Development as an Alternative Livelihood for Guassa Community, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Kidane">Abraham Kidane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims at assessing the prospects and challenges of community-based ecotourism development in and around the Guassa Community Conservation Area (GCCA) for the establishment of alternative sources of livelihood for local people and the conservation of natural resources. The Guassa area and its surrounding area are endowed with natural, cultural, and religious tourism resources. The study is descriptive in its design and uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Interviews and questionnaires were used as an instrument for data gathering. The interview was undertaken with government officials, NGO officials, and experts, with three local community representatives. The three Kebeles of Guassa were chosen using purposive sampling because of the fact that they are immediate neighbors to GCCA, and hence, 150 questionnaires were administered proportionally to the household numbers in each kebeles. The perspectives of the MoCT, EWCA, and some Tour Operation agencies were uncovered through questionnaires; for each of them, five questionnaires were administered, and all the returns were used in the analysis. Frequency, percentage, average mean, One Way-ANOVA, and independent t-test are used to analyze quantitative data. The findings revealed that food insecurity is commonplace in the study area. The local people's reliance on the conservation area’s resources has been increasing, and the area size is also dwindling from time to time. On the other hand, the local people's levels of awareness about Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) are low. In addition, the local capacity in relation to conservation and CBET development is also low, even though there is inadequate training offered by the government and NGOs. In general, tourism is not yet considered an alternative source of income and a means of conserving natural resources. In addition, the challenges for CBET development apart from low awareness level about CBET and low capacity, poor infrastructure, and poor tourism facilities were also identified as challenges in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotourism" title="ecotourism">ecotourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBET" title=" CBET"> CBET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20livelihood" title=" alternative livelihood"> alternative livelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153503/ecotourism-development-as-an-alternative-livelihood-for-guassa-community-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21004</span> Alternative Sources of Funding Tertiary Institution in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Omu">Mark Omu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Education has remained the greatest fulcrum on which the developmental aspirations of societies and the world over is Anchored. This has been the case from the antiquity. As a result of recognition of this fact, education occupies a crucial and centripetal position at different epochs of societal formation and transformation. This paper recognized the all-embracing role of education to society and it utilized the literary research and review of literature to espouse on the role of alternative sources of financing education. This position was borne out of the dwindling resources available to education. Especially to finance teaching, learning, research and retraining of staffers. This paper found among other things that alternative funding of education is possible and it can be achieved through selling of its research products like entrepreneurial skills, collaborative ventures in public private partnership, philanthropic of endowments, etc. These are capable of bridging the financial gap currently bedevilling the educational sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20sources" title="alternative sources">alternative sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=funding" title=" funding"> funding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tertiary" title=" tertiary"> tertiary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnership" title=" partnership"> partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30195/alternative-sources-of-funding-tertiary-institution-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21003</span> An Alternative Way to Mapping Cone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousuf%20Alkhezi">Yousuf Alkhezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since most of the literature on algebra does not make much deal with the special case of mapping cone. This paper is an alternative way to examine the special tensor product and mapping cone. Also, we show that the isomorphism that implies the mapping cone commutes with the tensor product for the ordinary tensor product no longer holds for the pinched tensor product. However, we show there is a morphism. We will introduce an alternative way of mapping cone. We are looking for more properties which is our future project. Also, we want to apply these new properties in some application. Many results and examples with classical algorithms will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex" title="complex">complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensor%20product" title=" tensor product"> tensor product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pinched%20tensore%20product" title=" pinched tensore product"> pinched tensore product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping%20cone" title=" mapping cone"> mapping cone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153677/an-alternative-way-to-mapping-cone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21002</span> A System Dynamics Model for Assessment of Alternative Energy Policy Measures: A Case of Energy Management System as an Energy Efficiency Policy Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andra%20Blumberga">Andra Blumberga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uldis%20Bariss"> Uldis Bariss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Kubule"> Anna Kubule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagnija%20Blumberga"> Dagnija Blumberga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> European Union Energy Efficiency Directive provides a set of binding energy efficiency measures to reach. Each of the member states can use either energy efficiency obligation scheme or alternative policy measures or combination of both. Latvian government has decided to divide savings among obligation scheme (65%) and alternative measures (35%). This decision might lead to significant energy tariff increase hence impact on the national economy. To assess impact of alternative policy measures focusing on energy management scheme based on ISO 50001 and ability to decrease share of obligation scheme a System Dynamics modeling was used. Simulation results show that energy efficiency goal can be met with alternative policy measure to large energy consumers in industrial, tertiary and public sectors by applying the energy tax exemption for implementers of energy management system. A delay in applying alternative policy measures plays very important role in reaching the energy efficiency goal. One year delay in implementation of this policy measure reduces cumulative energy savings from 2016 to 2017 from 5200 GWh to 3000 GWh in 2020. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title="system dynamics">system dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20measure" title=" policy measure"> policy measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management%20system" title=" energy management system"> energy management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obligation%20scheme" title=" obligation scheme"> obligation scheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56288/a-system-dynamics-model-for-assessment-of-alternative-energy-policy-measures-a-case-of-energy-management-system-as-an-energy-efficiency-policy-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21001</span> A Review of the Fundamental Aspects and Dimensions of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as Important Components in the Promotion of Social Justice in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odoh%20Ben%20Uruchi">Odoh Ben Uruchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to Justice implies access to social and distributive Justice. Access to social justice in Nigeria remains an illusion where cases last in courts for unduly long period of time, as is currently the situation in the country. As the popular saying goes– justice delayed is justice denied. It is, however, important to underscore the point that these perspectives are not necessarily disconnected since the extent to which one can have distributive justice in any system is largely determined by the level and effectiveness of social justice in the country. Generally, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Processes are increasingly being accepted in Nigeria as appropriate mechanisms for resolving disputes. While some jurisdictions have institutionalized ADR through the concept of a Multidoor Courthouse, many other are at different stages of doing same. With these developments, it is obvious that stakeholders in the administration of justice in Nigeria, can no longer be indifferent about understanding and fully mainstreaming ADR into their various activities and professional practice. Any framework for promoting social justice in Nigeria should therefore of necessity include provision of avenues for use of ADR in the protection and enforcement of citizen’s rights. The constitutional and other legal provisions that guarantee various rights of citizens cannot of itself ensure the enjoyment of the rights in the absence of an effective framework for dispute resolution. Excessive reliance on litigation and other adversarial approaches will also fail to ensure a sound regime of social justice. There should be structured mainstreaming of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in justice delivery if the society must provide and guarantee social justice to the citizens. This paper seeks to address some of the fundamental issues affecting the perception, knowledge and skills of ADR in the provision of social justice. In doing this, the paper proposes to unlock the full enormous potentials of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in promoting access to justice in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspects" title="aspects">aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20dispute%20resolution" title=" alternative dispute resolution"> alternative dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28583/a-review-of-the-fundamental-aspects-and-dimensions-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-as-important-components-in-the-promotion-of-social-justice-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21000</span> Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuromodulation as an Alternative to Opioids in the Evolving Healthcare Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20J.%20Carinci">Adam J. Carinci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The opioid epidemic is the most pressing healthcare crisis of our time. There is increasing recognition that opioids have limited long-term efficacy and are associated with hyperalgesia, addiction, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative strategies to combat chronic pain are paramount. We initiated a multicenter retrospective case series to review the efficacy of DRG stimulation in facilitating opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and as a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Purpose: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of pain. Recent innovations in neuromodulation, specifically, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, offers an effective alternative to opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. This retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Procedure: This small multicenter retrospective case series provides preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid weaning, opioid tapering and is a viable option to opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. A retrospective analysis was completed. Visual analog scale pain scores and pain medication usage were collected at the baseline visit and after four weeks, 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Ten consecutive patients across two study centers were included. The pain was rated 7.38 at baseline and decreased to 1.50 at the 4-week follow-up, a reduction of 79.5%. All patients significantly decreased their opioid pain medication use with an average > 30% reduction in morphine equivalents and four were able to discontinue their medications entirely. Conclusion: This Retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dorsal%20root%20ganglion" title="dorsal root ganglion">dorsal root ganglion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromodulation" title=" neuromodulation"> neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid%20sparing" title=" opioid sparing"> opioid sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulation" title=" stimulation"> stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657/dorsal-root-ganglion-neuromodulation-as-an-alternative-to-opioids-in-the-evolving-healthcare-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20999</span> Mathematical Modeling for Continuous Reactive Extrusion of Poly Lactic Acid Formation by Ring Opening Polymerization Considering Metal/Organic Catalyst and Alternative Energies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satya%20P.%20Dubey">Satya P. Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hrushikesh%20A%20Abhyankar"> Hrushikesh A Abhyankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Marchante"> Veronica Marchante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20L.%20Brighton"> James L. Brighton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bj%C3%B6rn%20Bergmann"> Björn Bergmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: To develop a mathematical model that simulates the ROP of PLA taking into account the effect of alternative energy to be implemented in a continuous reactive extrusion production process of PLA. Introduction: The production of large amount of waste is one of the major challenges at the present time, and polymers represent 70% of global waste. PLA has emerged as a promising polymer as it is compostable, biodegradable thermoplastic polymer made from renewable sources. However, the main limitation for the application of PLA is the traces of toxic metal catalyst in the final product. Thus, a safe and efficient production process needs to be developed to avoid the potential hazards and toxicity. It has been found that alternative energy sources (LASER, ultrasounds, microwaves) could be a prominent option to facilitate the ROP of PLA via continuous reactive extrusion. This process may result in complete extraction of the metal catalysts and facilitate less active organic catalysts. Methodology: Initial investigation were performed using the data available in literature for the reaction mechanism of ROP of PLA based on conventional metal catalyst stannous octoate. A mathematical model has been developed by considering significant parameters such as different initial concentration ratio of catalyst, co-catalyst and impurity. Effects of temperature variation and alternative energies have been implemented in the model. Results: The validation of the mathematical model has been made by using data from literature as well as actual experiments. Validation of the model including alternative energies is in progress based on experimental data for partners of the InnoREX project consortium. Conclusion: The model developed reproduces accurately the polymerisation reaction when applying alternative energy. Alternative energies have a great positive effect to increase the conversion and molecular weight of the PLA. This model could be very useful tool to complement Ludovic® software to predict the large scale production process when using reactive extrusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title="polymer">polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-lactic%20acid%20%28PLA%29" title=" poly-lactic acid (PLA)"> poly-lactic acid (PLA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20opening%20polymerization%20%28ROP%29" title=" ring opening polymerization (ROP)"> ring opening polymerization (ROP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-catalyst" title=" metal-catalyst"> metal-catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-degradable" title=" bio-degradable"> bio-degradable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20source" title=" renewable source"> renewable source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy%20%28AE%29" title=" alternative energy (AE)"> alternative energy (AE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20863/mathematical-modeling-for-continuous-reactive-extrusion-of-poly-lactic-acid-formation-by-ring-opening-polymerization-considering-metalorganic-catalyst-and-alternative-energies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20998</span> Crowdfunding in Funding Lithuanian Movies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Alperyte">Irena Alperyte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the regaining of the Independence, the Lithuanian state has been confronting an increasingly dramatic challenge because of the lack of funding sources dedicated to the film industries. During the Soviet times, Lithuanian film was under a total supervision of the Soviet functioners. This means that the responsibility of the state to make movies was of a monopolist character. The filmmakers’ community of the newly independent state needed to learn how to develop their fundraising skills, co-production and marketing techniques. Currently, Lithuanian film is experiencing a new phase concerning its funding: it is exploring the possibilities of motivating the public to invest in entertainment via crowd funding and crowd sourcing techniques and making these activities an alternative way of funding films. The paper aims at the exploration of the existing film financing practices in Lithuania and abroad and provides recommendations on how to improve the alternative Lithuanian film financing strategy via employing new possibilities, such as crowd funding and other alternative marketing tools. Objectives: 1) To examine the theories on creative industries and possibilities for their application. 2) To analyze the current situation in the film industry Lithuania. 3) To analyze the statistical data on movie theater visitors in Lithuania. 4) To discuss alternative options for film financing system. 5) To look through the alternative funding strategies tailored for Lithuanian film industry. 6) To propose recommendations for alternative funding strategies in Lithuanian film fundraising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20industries" title="creative industries">creative industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title=" film"> film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=funding" title=" funding"> funding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fun%20theory" title=" fun theory"> fun theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55720/crowdfunding-in-funding-lithuanian-movies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20997</span> Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Settlement of Environmental Disputes in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20van%20der%20Bank">M. van der Bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20van%20der%20Bank"> C. M. van der Bank</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alternative Dispute Resolution denotes all forms of dispute resolution other than litigation or adjudication through the courts. This definition of Alternative Dispute Resolution, however, makes no mention of a vital consideration. ADR is the generally accepted acronym for alternative dispute resolution. Despite the choice not to proceed before a court or statutory tribunal, ADR will still be regulated by law and by the Constitution. Fairness is one of the core values of the South African constitutional order. Environmental disputes occur frequently, but due to delays and costs, ADR is a mechanism to resolve this kind of disputes which is a resolution of non-judicial mechanism. ADR can be used as a mechanism in environmental disputes that are less expensive and also more expeditious than formal litigation. ADR covers a broad range of mechanisms and processes designed to assist parties in resolving disputes creatively and effectively. In so far as this may involve the selection or design of mechanisms and processes other than formal litigation, these mechanisms and processes are not intended to supplant court adjudication, but rather to supplement it. A variety of ADR methods have been developed to deal with numerous problems encountered during environmental disputes. The research questions are: How can ADR facilitate environmental disputes in South Africa? Are they appropriate? And what improvements should be made? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20dispute" title="alternative dispute">alternative dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20disputes" title=" environmental disputes"> environmental disputes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-judicial" title=" non-judicial"> non-judicial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution%20and%20settlement" title=" resolution and settlement"> resolution and settlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74147/alternative-dispute-resolution-in-the-settlement-of-environmental-disputes-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20996</span> Universe at Zero Second and the Creation Process of the First Particle from the Absolute Void</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivan%20Sirdy">Shivan Sirdy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we discuss the properties of absolute void space or the universe at zero seconds, and how these properties play a vital role in creating a mechanism in which the very first particle gets created simultaneously everywhere. We find the limit in which when the absolute void volume reaches will lead to the collapse that leads to the creation of the first particle. This discussion is made following the elementary dimensions theory study that was peer-reviewed at the end of 2020; everything in the universe is made from four elementary dimensions, these dimensions are the three spatial dimensions (X, Y, and Z) and the Void resistance as the factor of change among the four. Time itself was not considered as the fourth dimension. Rather time corresponds to a factor of change, and during the research, it was found out that the Void resistance is the factor of change in the absolute Void space, where time is a hypothetical concept that represents changes during certain events compared to a constant change rate event. Therefore, time does exist, but as a factor of change as the Void resistance: Time= factor of change= Void resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20dimensions" title="elementary dimensions">elementary dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20void" title=" absolute void"> absolute void</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20alternative" title=" time alternative"> time alternative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20universe" title=" early universe"> early universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universe%20at%20zero%20second" title=" universe at zero second"> universe at zero second</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Void%20resistant" title=" Void resistant"> Void resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hydrogen%20atom" title=" Hydrogen atom"> Hydrogen atom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadron%20field" title=" Hadron field"> Hadron field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lepton%20field" title=" Lepton field"> Lepton field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140791/universe-at-zero-second-and-the-creation-process-of-the-first-particle-from-the-absolute-void" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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