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href="/wiki/File:Bologa,_Bugnariu,_Creang%C4%83,_Cupcea,_Floca,_M%C4%83rgineanu,_Pitariu,_Ro%C5%9Fca,_Rusu,_Todoran_(Facultatea_de_Litere_%C5%9Fi_Filosofie_a_Universit%C4%83%C5%A3ii_Daciei_Superioare).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bologa%2C_Bugnariu%2C_Creang%C4%83%2C_Cupcea%2C_Floca%2C_M%C4%83rgineanu%2C_Pitariu%2C_Ro%C5%9Fca%2C_Rusu%2C_Todoran_%28Facultatea_de_Litere_%C5%9Fi_Filosofie_a_Universit%C4%83%C5%A3ii_Daciei_Superioare%29.JPG/400px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bologa%2C_Bugnariu%2C_Creang%C4%83%2C_Cupcea%2C_Floca%2C_M%C4%83rgineanu%2C_Pitariu%2C_Ro%C5%9Fca%2C_Rusu%2C_Todoran_%28Facultatea_de_Litere_%C5%9Fi_Filosofie_a_Universit%C4%83%C5%A3ii_Daciei_Superioare%29.JPG/600px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bologa%2C_Bugnariu%2C_Creang%C4%83%2C_Cupcea%2C_Floca%2C_M%C4%83rgineanu%2C_Pitariu%2C_Ro%C5%9Fca%2C_Rusu%2C_Todoran_%28Facultatea_de_Litere_%C5%9Fi_Filosofie_a_Universit%C4%83%C5%A3ii_Daciei_Superioare%29.JPG/800px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2382" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Cupcea (standing, second from the left), with <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ro%C8%99ca" title="Alexandru Roșca">Alexandru Roșca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucian_Bologa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucian Bologa (page does not exist)">Lucian Bologa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_M%C4%83rgineanu_(psychologist)" title="Nicolae Mărgineanu (psychologist)">Nicolae Mărgineanu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liviu_Rusu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liviu Rusu (page does not exist)">Liviu Rusu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Bugnariu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Bugnariu (page does not exist)">Teodor Bugnariu</a> and various others, at the Psychology Institute, in or around 1928</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Salvator P. Cupcea</b> (also known as <b>Salvador Cupcea</b>; August 8, 1908 – 1958) was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> psychologist, physician, and political figure. From beginnings as a researcher for the <a href="/wiki/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University" title="Babeș-Bolyai University">Victor Babeș University of Cluj</a>, alongside his friend <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ro%C8%99ca" title="Alexandru Roșca">Alexandru Roșca</a>, he became noted as a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">experimental psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>, studying in particular the social marginals. He later immersed himself in the <a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">social hygiene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> movement, also specializing in <a href="/wiki/Genetic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic medicine">genetic medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">biological anthropology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a>. A collaborator of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuliu_Moldovan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuliu Moldovan (page does not exist)">Iuliu Moldovan</a>, he taught classes at the latter's Institute for much of World War II, when he focused on studying the intelligence of various body types. </p><p>During those years, Cupcea flirted with <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, and endorsed a <a href="/wiki/Biopolitics" title="Biopolitics">biopolitical</a> "national hygiene" program. In 1944, he reemerged as a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_eugenics" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal eugenics">liberal eugenics</a>, serving as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (Romania)">Health Minister</a> and representative to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. A founder of the <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Ha%C8%9Bieganu_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy" title="Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy">Cluj Medical University</a> and administrator of its Psychiatric Clinic, his final work was in <a href="/wiki/Human_ecology" title="Human ecology">human ecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_science" title="Food science">food science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">cardiology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_family">Origins and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salvator was born in <a href="/wiki/Carei" title="Carei">Carei (Nagykároly)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Szatm%C3%A1r_County" title="Szatmár County">Szatmár County</a>, at the time part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. His was a family of importance in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic">Romanian Eastern Catholic</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana" title="Crișana">Crișana</a> region. His father, Petru Cupcea (1875–1940), was a priest, later the <i><a href="/wiki/Protopope" title="Protopope">Protopope</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Supur" title="Supur">Supur</a> and honorary <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a>, who was active in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Party" title="Romanian National Party">Romanian National Party</a> from 1909. Although ethnically Romanian, his paternal and maternal ancestors, the Cupceas and the Rednics, had been received into the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Hungarian nobility</a> of <a href="/wiki/Partium" title="Partium">Partium</a>, tracing their aristocratic titles to 1609 and 1349 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Petru's wife, Augusta, was the distant descendant of peasants from <a href="/wiki/Tiream" title="Tiream">Tiream</a>, and daughter of George Pteancu.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Romanian educator and honorary citizen of Carei,<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pteancu was also leader of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Marian_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of Marian Fathers">Marian Congregation</a> branch in <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83s%C4%83ud" title="Năsăud">Năsăud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augusta's brother, Alexandru Coriolan Pteancu (1878–1956), was a theologian, antiquarian, schoolteacher, political figure, and honorary <i>Protopope</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The couple, who moved frequently in keeping up with Father Cupcea's successive assignments, had six children born in various localities, of whom Salvator and three sisters reached maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eldest, Maria (1903–1980), was an educator, composer, and celebrated stage and film actress. She was for a while married one of Salvator's physician colleagues, Victor Munteanu, and had a son by him, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Munteanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Munteanu (page does not exist)">Dan Munteanu</a>, who became a noted biologist.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another sister, Lucia, became the wife of Leontin Ghergariu (1897–1980), a philologist, adult educator, museum curator and sports enthusiast.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The youngest of the Cupcea siblings, Emilia, taught at the Biological Institute of <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vc(10)148_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vc(10)148-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cupcea's early childhood saw the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the region's <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">incorporation with Romania</a>. Directly involved in the process, Alexandru Pteancu was appointed chief inspector of secondary schools by the Romanian-led <a href="/w/index.php?title=Directory_Council_of_Transylvania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directory Council of Transylvania (page does not exist)">Regional Directorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There followed an interlude of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet</a> rule, during which Inspector Pteancu narrowly escaped execution.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Father Cupcea, who had pledged Carei's support for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Union_Day" title="Great Union Day">Great Assembly</a>, was also targeted, being kidnapped and sent to <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a>, where he was reportedly tortured.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rescued by his coreligionists, he made his way to <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>, which fell to the Romanians in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">military operations of 1919</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1925, when Crișana had been secured for <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a>, Salvator graduated from Carei's Lucaciu High School,<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he had become best friends with his schoolmate, <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ro%C8%99ca" title="Alexandru Roșca">Alexandru Roșca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-j&r89_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They both had a keen interest in psychology, and were urged on by their schoolteachers to pursue studies in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-j&r88_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enlisting at the University of Cluj (known back then as "Upper Dacia University"), they attended the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy, specializing under Professor <a href="/wiki/Florian_%C8%98tef%C4%83nescu-Goang%C4%83" title="Florian Ștefănescu-Goangă">Florian Ștefănescu-Goangă</a> at the Cluj Institute of Psychology. Together, they worked on Ștefănescu-Goangă's <a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">applied psychology</a> teams, alongside various other young men who became figures of importance on the scientific, political, and literary scene: <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_M%C4%83rgineanu_(psychologist)" title="Nicolae Mărgineanu (psychologist)">Nicolae Mărgineanu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Beniuc" title="Mihai Beniuc">Mihai Beniuc</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liviu_Rusu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liviu Rusu (page does not exist)">Liviu Rusu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucian_Bologa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucian Bologa (page does not exist)">Lucian Bologa</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Bugnariu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Bugnariu (page does not exist)">Teodor Bugnariu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-j&r88_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking a degree in Psychology, Pedagogy and Aesthetics (February 1931),<sup id="cite_ref-mo10870_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mo10870-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cupcea also attended the Faculty of Medicine, where he earned a diploma in psychiatry, after which he took a position on the staff of the Mental Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-j&r88_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1935, he was among the founders of the Romanian Psychoanalytic Circle and an editor of its magazine, <i>Revista Română de Psihanaliză</i>, with which he sought to promote a more complete understanding of <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> and his work.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with fellow Freudians Ioan I. Popescu-Sibiu, G. Preda, and Anastase Dosios, he worked on <i>Cercetări de psihologie experimentală la alienați</i> ("Studies in Experimental Psychology among the Insane").<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, Cupcea became a contributor to Ștefănescu-Goangă's academic journal, <i>Revista de Psihologie</i>, where he wrote an introduction to <a href="/wiki/Psychological_evaluation" title="Psychological evaluation">psychological evaluation</a> techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also that year, together with Ștefănescu-Goangă and Roșca, he published a study on <i>Adaptarea socială</i> ("Social Adaptation"), which looked into the social careers of misfits: 3,300 criminals, 9,636 victims of suicide, and 434 mental patients. The authors found that <a href="/wiki/Maladaptation" title="Maladaptation">maladaptation</a> was critical among women and <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székelys</a>, that most homicides occurred in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Moldavia" title="Western Moldavia">southern Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ciuc_County" title="Ciuc County">Ciuc</a>, and that most suicides were reported in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Mihai Kernbach and Vasile Hurghișiu, he co-authored other work in <a href="/wiki/Medical_jurisprudence" title="Medical jurisprudence">medical jurisprudence</a>, presenting his findings at the 21 Congress of Legal Medicine, in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cupcea ultimately became a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> in March 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-mo10870_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mo10870-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldovan's_aide"><span id="Moldovan.27s_aide"></span>Moldovan's aide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Moldovan's aide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Bugnariu affiliated with the underground <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> (PCdR), Cupcea and Roșca were drawn into fascist politics. As noted by author <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Balot%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Balotă (page does not exist)">Nicolae Balotă</a>, who was also an employee of the Psychology Institute, they "contributed discreetly (and, what is more, prudently)" to the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbminotaur_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbminotaur-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cupcea's father, meanwhile, was a leader of the mainstream <a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasants' Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83laj_County" title="Sălaj County">Sălaj County</a> and a figure of importance in local democratic circles, especially active in the propaganda effort against <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungarian irredentism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, at the height of World War II, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">Northern Transylvania</a>, including Cluj, was ceded by Romania to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)">Hungary</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">Second Vienna Award</a>. The entire university and its logistics moved to Sibiu. Cupcea remained in contact with his colleagues, publishing in <i>Revista de Psihologie</i>: in 1941, <i>Constituția morfologică la bolnavii mintal</i> ("The Morphological Built of the Mentally Ill"); in 1944, <i>Încercarea unui sistem de psihopatologie constituțională evolutiv</i> ("Sketching a System of Progressive Bodily Psychopathology").<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He based these studies on the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_health_on_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of health on intelligence">impact of health on intelligence</a>, and the theories of <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kretschmer" title="Ernst Kretschmer">Ernst Kretschmer</a>, by examining the body types of university students, industrial workers and mental patients in relation to their <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_quotient" title="Intelligence quotient">intelligence quotient</a> and state of mind, describing various correlations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A disciple of physician and eugenicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuliu_Moldovan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuliu Moldovan (page does not exist)">Iuliu Moldovan</a>, he frequented <a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_Transilvan%C4%83_pentru_Literatura_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_%C8%99i_Cultura_Poporului_Rom%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român">ASTRA Society</a> and published in its paper the 1941 tract <i>Ce este Eugenia</i> ("What Eugenics Is"). It discussed "the improvement of the genetic dowry" through both positive and negative measures.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quoting Moldovan and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a>, Cupcea tried to delimit his field of interest from <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Nazi racial science</a> (too radical) and <a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">euthenics</a> (too mild), preferring Moldovan's term "hygiene of the nation".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, he expressed himself as a supporter of strict <a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">biological determinism</a>, and demanded the universal introduction of prenuptial examinations to filter out the <a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">dysgenics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cupcea later became editor of <i>Revista de Psihologie</i>, also serving on the staffs of <i>Medicina Românească</i> review and the Romanian Psychiatric Society.<sup id="cite_ref-mo10870_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mo10870-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Described by his friends as a "gentleman of imposing stature" and a fine public speaker,<sup id="cite_ref-j&r88_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was attracted into teaching. From 1942, he hosted a seminar of "mental hygiene" and <a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">medical genetics</a>, under Moldovan's guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, the university assigned him a lecturer's position in his alma mater, the Faculty of Medicine, where his oratorical skill drew in crowds.<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cupcea also affiliated with Moldovan's Institute of Hygiene and <a href="/wiki/Biopolitics" title="Biopolitics">Biopolitics</a>, as a researcher,<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, taking a diploma in Public Health and Hygiene in 1944, as a section leader.<sup id="cite_ref-mo10870_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mo10870-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His studies merged psychiatry and <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a>, investigating the role of <a href="/wiki/Emotional_instability_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional instability disorder">emotional instability disorder</a> as a gateway to other psychiatric conditions in the general population, and its supposed presence as "impulsiveness" among the criminal population.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1944, <a href="/wiki/King_Michael%27s_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="King Michael's Coup">King Michael's Coup</a> aligned Romania with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, while also ushering in a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Soviet occupation</a>. Discarding fascism, Cupcea and Roșca sought a rapprochement with the PCdR, passing themselves off as committed communists.<sup id="cite_ref-nbminotaur_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbminotaur-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASTRA published Cupcea's introduction to <i>Biologia teoretică şi aplicată în U.R.S.S.</i> ("Theoretical and Applied Biology in the USSR"), which was a condemnation of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">scientific racism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">social Darwinism</a>, as well as a tentative defense of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_eugenics" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal eugenics">non-racial eugenics</a>. The article announced that the era of eugenics as a separate discipline was coming to an end, as eugenics had infused the work values of Soviet biologists, especially those at the Maxim Gorky Medico-Biological Research Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of his eugenic tracts for that year, he circulated the notion that genes "do not produce characteristics per se, but rather provide certain evolutionary guidelines", which suggested to his readers that pedagogy had a major role in cultivating innate qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministerial_post_and_later_life">Ministerial post and later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ministerial post and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945, Cupcea joined the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (Romania)">Health Ministry</a> staff as a general secretary,<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a> and Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Bagdasar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Bagdasar (page does not exist)">Dumitru Bagdasar</a>. On April 11, 1946, preparing for his retirement, Bagdasar delegated to Cupcea "all the rights that come with the office of minister [...], excepting those that are strictly reserved for the minister as head of his department and cannot therefore be delegated."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Bagdasar's resignation and death, Cupcea effectively became the acting minister.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1946, he spoke at the national conference on people's health, where he presented a report on the dire conditions facing "today's democratic government": "One million <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilitics</a>, one and a half million <a href="/wiki/Gonorrhea" title="Gonorrhea">gonorrhea</a> victims, 600,000 <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> victims, an 18 per cent <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a>—that is the legacy of our past, the legacy of historical regimes".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parallel, Cupcea was assigned the Chair of Mental Hygiene and Medical Genetics at the Cluj Hygiene Institute in September.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 9, 1947, he was created a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Star of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that year, he resigned from his political posts<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became manager of the Cluj University Psychiatric Clinic, taking over from <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Ha%C8%9Bieganu" title="Iuliu Hațieganu">Iuliu Hațieganu</a>, who had been purged by the communists.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, when, with his help, the Faculty of medicine became a <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Ha%C8%9Bieganu_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy" title="Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy">Medical University</a>, he was made a full professor of hygiene, and soon after served as Dean.<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parallel, he worked on a regional medical task-force formed by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>, while presiding over the Hygiene Institute, the Cluj clinics, and the local Medical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, he was one of three Romanian representatives to the founding congress of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, where he proposed the creation of a Mental Hygiene Committee and concrete backing for national research programs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a while, he also headed a Cluj section of the Romanian–Soviet Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During those years, with Ștefănescu-Goangă and Roșca, he became involved in a cabal against their former colleague Mărgineanu, whom they denounced to the <a href="/wiki/Securitate" title="Securitate">Securitate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Leon Daniello, Leon Prodan, and 11 other researchers, he contributed the monograph <i>Silicoza și silicotuberculoza</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis and Silicotuberculosis</a>"), which earned him the State Prize for 1952. He also worked alongside <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurel_Moga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurel Moga (page does not exist)">Aurel Moga</a> in investigating <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>, making significant predictions about the contributing role of <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a> intake, and exploring connections between <a href="/wiki/Human_ecology" title="Human ecology">human ecology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">biological anthropology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106ani_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-j&r89_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Cupcea pioneered the study of <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionization</a> as an air pollution indicator.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died suddenly in 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-j&r89_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j&r89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Cluj.<sup id="cite_ref-vc(10)148_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vc(10)148-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-106ani-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-106ani_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buletindecarei.ro/2014/08/106-ani-de-la-nasterea-renumitului-medic-salvator-cupceafiu-al-careiului.html">"106 ani de la naşterea renumitului medic Salvator Cupcea, fiu al Careiului"</a>, in <i>Buletin de Carei</i>, August 8, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), pp. 144–148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), pp. 98–100, 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> Vasile Iancu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714135641/http://www.romlit.ro/al._husar_caracterul_d_autoritate_sacerdoiului_critic">"Al. Husar: 'Caracterul dă autoritate sacerdoțiului critic' "</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a></i>, Nr. 24/2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2008), pp. 243–245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), pp. 100, 144–146, 148, 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), pp. 148, 270–272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2008), pp. 118–121; (2010), p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vc(10)148-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vc(10)148_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vc(10)148_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2008), pp. 112, 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2008), p. 244; Teodor Neș, <i>Oameni din Bihor: 1848–1918</i>, Tipografia Diecezană, Oradea, 1937, pp. 522–523</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), pp. 146–147; <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> Valer Hossu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150127131429/http://www.caietesilvane.ro/indexcs.php?cmd=articol&idart=585">"Episcopul Iuliu Hossu în apărarea 'părților ungurene' abia unite cu România"</a>, in <i>Caiete Silvane</i>, January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j&r89-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-j&r89_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j&r89_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j&r89_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jurcău & Roșca, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j&r88-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-j&r88_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j&r88_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j&r88_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j&r88_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jurcău & Roșca, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mo10870-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mo10870_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mo10870_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mo10870_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mo10870_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", p. 10870</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Revista Revistelor. <i>Revista Română de Psihanaliză</i>", in <i><a href="/wiki/Revista_Funda%C8%9Biilor_Regale" title="Revista Fundațiilor Regale">Revista Fundațiilor Regale</a></i>, Nr. 5/1935, pp. 477–478</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Din lucrările autorului", in Ioan I. Popescu-Sibiu, <i>Psihanaliza (Doctrina lui Freud)</i>, Tip. Cav., Sibiu, 1936, p. 323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cronică — Recensii — Spicuiri. <i>Revista de Psihologie</i>", in <i>Revista Generală a Învățământului</i>, Nr. 3–4/1938, p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ada Dogaru, "Recenzii. Realitatea românească. Fl. Ștefănescu-Goangă, Al. Roșca, Salvator Cupcea: <i>Adaptarea socială</i>", in <i>Sociologie Românească</i>, Nr. 10–12/1938, pp. 587–588</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iosif Friedmann-Nicolescu, "Un precursor al criminologiei moderne românești – Prof. dr. Mihai Kernbach", in <i>Criminologie, Criminalistică și Penologie. Studii</i>, Nr. 4/2015, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbminotaur-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbminotaur_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbminotaur_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Balot%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Balotă (page does not exist)">Nicolae Balotă</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=1273">"În laboratorul minotaurului ideologic (II). Fragment din <i>Abisul luminat – Cartea a doua</i>"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134238/http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=1273">Archived</a> 2018-03-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Apostrof" title="Apostrof">Apostrof</a></i>, Nr. 11/2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Câmpean (2010), p. 147; Marin Pop, "Alegerile comunale și județene din anul 1930 în județul Salaj și o radiografie a orașului Zalău în anii 30", in <i>Caiete Silvane</i>, March 2010; "Corespondență și scrieri inedite sub lupa Securității. Corneliu Coposu către profesorul Ion Ivănescu", in <i>Caiete Silvane</i>, October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jurcău & Roșca, pp. 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", p. 10871</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butaru, pp. 25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vornica, pp. 221–223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Pocrean, "Metode de eugenie, aplicabile în Banat", in <i>Revista Institutului Social Banat–Crișana</i>, Vol. XI, 1943, pp. 138–141; Vornica, pp. 223–224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", pp. 10870–10871</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", pp. 10871–10872</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marius_Turda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marius Turda (page does not exist)">Marius Turda</a>, Aaron Gillette, <i>Latin Eugenics in Comparative Perspective</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>, London & New York City, 2014, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-3140-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-3140-7">978-1-4725-3140-7</a>, p. 243. See also Butaru, p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bucur, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", p. 10872</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ministerul Sănătății. Împuterniciri", in <i><a href="/wiki/Monitorul_Oficial" title="Monitorul Oficial">Monitorul Oficial</a></i>, April 17, 1946, pp. 3965–3966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bucur, pp. 41, 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. C., "Sănătatea poporului trebue salvată înlăturând moștenirea sumbră a trecutului", in <i><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a></i>, August 14, 1946, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chemări la catedre universitare", pp. 10870, 10872</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Conferiri de decorații", in <i><a href="/wiki/Monitorul_Oficial" title="Monitorul Oficial">Monitorul Oficial</a></i>, May 28, 1947, p. 4253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cristian Colceriu, "Saga neurologiei clujene. 1857–2003", in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribuna_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribuna (Romania) (page does not exist)">Tribuna</a></i>, Nr. 253, March 2013, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Actes officiels de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé; no. 13: Première Assemblée mondiale de la Santé. Genève, du 24 juin au 24 juillet 1948. Séances plénières (Comptes rendu in extenso); Commissions principales (procès-verbaux et rapports); Résumé des résolutions et décisions</i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. Geneva, 1948, pp. 17, 137, 142, 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grigore Moldovan, "Instituții ale stalinismului cultural românesc: înființarea 'Institutului de studii româno‑sovietic', filiala Cluj (1949)", in Lucian Nastasă, Dragoș Sdrobiș (eds.), <i>Politici culturale și modele intelectuale în România</i>, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-543-390-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-543-390-8">978-606-543-390-8</a>, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Camelia Zavarache, "Geometria unei relații complexe: elite, modele ale modernizării statale și regimuri politice în România secolului XX", in Cristian Vasile (ed.), <i>"Ne trebuie oameni!". Elite intelectuale și transformări istorice în România modernă și contemporană</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga_Institute_of_History" title="Nicolae Iorga Institute of History">Nicolae Iorga Institute of History</a> & Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgoviște, 2017, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-537-385-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-537-385-3">978-606-537-385-3</a>, pp. 262–263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Laza, "Environmental Factors (Negative Air Ions) with Beneficial Effects on Animals and Humans", in <i>Revista de Igienă și Sănătate Publică</i>, Vol. 60, Issue 2, 2010, p. 63</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Cupcea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Chemări la catedre universitare", in <i><a href="/wiki/Monitorul_Oficial" title="Monitorul Oficial">Monitorul Oficial</a></i>, October 8, 1946, pp. 10868–10874</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bucur" title="Maria Bucur">Maria Bucur</a>, <i>Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>, Pittsburgh, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8229-4172-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8229-4172-4">0-8229-4172-4</a></li> <li>Lucian T. Butaru, <i>Rasism românesc. Componenta rasială a discursului antisemit din România, până la Al Doilea Război Mondial</i>. EFES, Cluj-Napoca, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-526-051-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-526-051-1">978-606-526-051-1</a></li> <li>Viorel Câmpean, <ul><li><i>Oameni și locuri din Sătmar, Vol. I</i>. Citadela, Satu Mare, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-88823-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-88823-0-0">978-973-88823-0-0</a></li> <li><i>Oameni și locuri din Sătmar, Vol. II</i>. Citadela, Satu Mare, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-8197-05-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-8197-05-0">978-606-8197-05-0</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nicolae Jurcău, Mariana Roșca, "Școala clujeană de psihologie — nava amiral a psihologiei din România", in <i>Romanian Journal of School Psychology</i>, Vol. 1, 2008, pp. 87–103</li> <li>Gheorghe Vornica, "Studii eugenice", in <i>Transilvania</i>, Nr. 2–3/1942, pp. 221–224</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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