CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9f6377aa8a89b8',cH: 'nxMQSzbjjOLJnThuw4k_GzEI_NVjBGQl4WxrkKXh9V8-1732849657-1.2.1.1-feC6WX6AJE6MV.a.uOWw1dwPEvfNyOHr7YEHh8PEpLjkQe8FEf4WZmIBHqWY7F4f',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3491102.3501905?__cf_chl_tk=Qdgye_NF1XmNY8uEQKihg.GXX7soKMYGpTGhTYjssY8-1732849657-1.0.1.1-r4DOko090oSnJ5hSNuDabRzpDB9XiOxPSQE93_bS_fA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732849657',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3491102.3501905?__cf_chl_f_tk=Qdgye_NF1XmNY8uEQKihg.GXX7soKMYGpTGhTYjssY8-1732849657-1.0.1.1-r4DOko090oSnJ5hSNuDabRzpDB9XiOxPSQE93_bS_fA",md: "StlJjp.s9ru4lcFeYhotjNnIIVpcAbPfNtC7Iz_2o3U-1732849657-1.2.1.1-jT_7LFUyhTKRv83dAYaJWdkbi7tluELs62P6Z3F8VSXZ3iMPk8kubbo9v6GolUodcnFv80YAAVNc.fMPtaNjD0F8_vJY9kw6NdMYbIQvFHuNMde2pY4NhYuBRXoQ8ajRTSKPqEiG3zZvTHZXY7lIyDCHLiFwLMsOQOHsvEFnCw46wEfwaY0BnAX_Gj6oSc.qb_6iW1CvnW3lMpD0SxhryuL05gIzqphsyuT9NUaEvQkn26K8G3yA0D6mk5_6JKTIiZzzekxP2hzW9A0BF1Opuce0GChztQc3BxJ_dGlgP6vsZXqeV.72K0ULd2LazjWLITa2HFG5yrk8RmE78sSc2MAZYkcMYsoostNp.UBhspgsk2VwK9nv.MMGXpiKrlZ1R_dhYwLL1FScVzGFCoBgo9ke20YR7_Y_R1I5S2Dv9.2GisVJ_e.bRgzYAmR0oEwjwWqXmB1EetFHwnSmqexigZlkMKxM4N5yHigrA4ncvQeZOMa5hE9dWb2.bEVhDUaogyEgdMYvak_m9QPdCyqgD0XTSJjoAvYE4iIT6bdEsD2dbDS.R4vXg_TS9hbFlDOzyXr9F8suQC3TvzAlCmY1nWS4DpAND.NBiiUwAxMREgGuFSiG2CJr4IeIK1DqlGNy5MhkI.OzYwSmCSa3s2azrLssxp2zPV39oAu5jCn4IKW5qUEbRPIOMxvchMdSSfet2.E374BXht__8_OERAt9looLqIt2cB3rkqPO8RU2xzHvO0fSZwDOdtn17ZRLopGr90J0QAiF0Q_ZVi7cC3FR4XKc4FIb.9C.yIHdHjgAdP_WCl3mXmvW_PlUT.XQmGHPhuvhfmPGoOlFzUz0ItSpSE6FW_bp4afPdeR8SdGcukHocjlx45wq58zsrHvl1.7EVYldkcFKiL4CHZkR5j9A3RVbslPxb5gWVor6CySvTlsfGridXi6OtTnqYjC72IGctX3CvfaGMyng0BIyQIyNkIHWoefN.NWHXL8Nbb25CboUZ4tFS4PE5IjwfGltEEax1qc7BFdZFFGvZvvFoOMczti7pJRBJVoACQGdlJMoBMGM.8.T6tPW93KLamkR75u.2FgEWgN_neytbEf2eWxe1OfKfBbaWDQ3JSN4b9D5.ckbWRdIHjkUgvggPxsTVb7grrAaTU532RKg2e95xE70VpWbhgW9S1yFpDPtxDjbanaClSm1csQu0KN86vr1GT2mGZ.qvoW0a_KsgxkPK2q6oZRerRaJzIZeTMzKthdVzZ5HCFzG9XotviG2EK9XGDM_zX0nqs1C3M5DKOEwEWHlX2lcZbhBZSCOcfJf_Cq0uxGzmFPpLL1ld__OYjiO1Qn1pmrjk_W2Jn7pBgMEoTo34EWyrIIh1hLOCklylCCA_uOhhfUHb.y3qrABMk1.I6i0wiaEbAAcv6hb3LIyqcvGUaSAKJ2WwLDB9GSrgL6ru_J7uraYh8mMxbTZWHmmu9lARADW4h5J8PujuskpttSXaFW8l8CulMNcxfMgzNH6H7Dii5O7e4P9fTtqEevh9l.VgpTLqCzscz9splkY3Bu1pWBKUEx1g5nWasykHDowfno3m_pURFKD.vupk2uS0R9U0in2LYRV6_gBpbnHVjbm.kOq5MRcYClAbQzwLib9tUXRdz.WOadUw.7IpgFJtb1n_ClGzhgzv5Zav.3Fn1IXrLwzdr4Aoeml99OnxWq5lI9mdskLQ6OFc_406SkFQqQyG2OYhMHKtZVh0YQlfZtV4pJNWFJkb7Fon52ML3hzBskTZZjVw_q9wi_9GStgwCJrNy6UxmirYfPaB2DKS0sj.w8txkdOPGRckm84b0fvow4d6kTHXlU1ssgvI5tSGTobWBIJYrCdj1_p9_yOzQu_T1Hx6Z_WFhIuSnnXrYV0VmDENv12sD_DFLIMYMkGppffvl6owHaaaC08poROtuo9DlNq4RPTvNSt1dLAWnxfEcRvSP61BaNOw5iUhsUe4jOtI3GV.cdWlisJc3eNMk87vTZxpkbGsddjMDMmzuKBdaT.16nW7ogLJZrpePkQVBJqGKQq9y7ssfG9oiTdlZznMv4NnIOCQXFzxLdulrE5A_KGqZ5ugxDXFhtQ4h28JTJYfua5zudRvCBGuNnl48TdU7PwYCXxmK7ClVoq7ZS_QV83UBT88ZYpSpZsjT6UQPH9B2qDvvAdd_CS_gMwIWPrXV.ja3fyrzrVaRxYO7FfsbN3ThPmiDIu3BAeJGTLCi6vHQaP5tWuArD6XvSEZPuE9H3V4yAeVmFikRzLoKGdXLE.xM07TPD0H0bI_VEu5oHICYoCeULYXWWKeXqEiuRHITQmSe9fxv5gcjmhtDE3jALgcuyVpMBCdYpt75A..uFlItJIJDgV27VbmxSrJfG6PBhEIRwct3EnWVfV9_62E75uJnEocy9w_CQ6_28WwA1xYMDk9Z92lZNcH14SVCTY92cGAzj1nr91p0J2VLfCgM5ZHDil23vYEoH_u3mdwRiIKzlQPktu0PybxtIvQwUC2gYMDcZtc_SEe.PwgkomJX_HKp0uOdazmn3pDRJccnn.BH0YahNBIEdcH6FqYBDuGnz3Q8qxagNhDUD5FBFU.O3podABTH0XRbGtr.ZDbs99ElgKbU3YspR6snroPtkAGITz4YeRUvQTSiEyh.jEKfrXIYLTgni22ttHTbOqghypgDakDPDFVHTUzxfakeuIGyomZAf8sBE51UzJ5ulmCNj1qxG78JNwP0skXyKU6qqDksSYfJkkGxne6OmznuCrGudFjiLt3h041L1WOV2sf4f6buFc13HLzhL0t0jsRxaKS0zQiU.AyfcU1zKexUKBknbgxsa5JTdbD5UTkETOxsPhw1i6ditLknYD262MhERa_Wf3zoe1cszZZyWTD8BJTLD30X6J.EjUoAK3MeNT5xhEIczSKpHNpw3IeJy9H0poGVtXVL6DZHReKkeyz3y7cF5KDZi9uI0FzUrQJwoUVvJuG3XnVoJf4z4HVCsvORhY",mdrd: "AhtaAUd95mc70S7XU0sb.9Ohk_zq66dkaHae2cVUWVA-1732849657-1.2.1.1-_OyHV1ycxGFHZsVlEE.OKE7G4RYNJP8MGeOeJcUy7NA7L1218bgLLXLrgn86MZADg5yzsuG9ZAkXTABq5mgwT1CZu3k.k7OietPF56WvlMCp4jPZLGvAHwRVxGC_n3py0GAMr8CuAJiptdb.6N1lXjE7Ufbz6J11UCPrImcD0NRhmBfStDw9yJzshXBN4x3OoLok9TP0E6pC5WeWIssKT1hBRyX90gpXsOtpC_IpiED4OX0ugdVmcvVQlvUeDEib7c.KqhI0z2RP_XmiWmrgRR5hzpgTkFINBu8sRHI.wiEvPnwqBOWAjQSETqmPTEzNqgqwIKFEGUDLv3sk3fSILP0K1puPN23mkGf3XnQ9P.UJgJ2PWfFJsMjgLPlPqXYFyD3wHmodqtYSksRDscoUCZiRBXZVLfponpY1sGTYXUB1.Ji1Vknm3lHyDJOGAe2cr0pr2j8sM5cf5M..p4QLLrdIIX74pfcs7.gtTpTKyENNsgOwldykw_AAV6qATJqPg10J09bzlzRuxA_x9IRIr07XabR_qR0Fq86giqDQjXnCyqPsr7n47RNcIQkPl_mkzQ2H3Key19txDFWX_XdHGLwRBmCeyFrfKBj.cEDX7YzLVlNh9TzVHw45wUX6rbI0uRVEjnLEmsG4W2nJiWleceNGx7hj2qvnMDLv_qfNjW9XHzJUkEbT4.K5jDC2a18RSS6_PYJ6HcFsAXqMva1zNm2vHHTxfBq6zarPOaCimZS0drMWZqpr0IAqeZVXU46NDSoDmOVBn155VqElhnS31maBXNYLgqXK0.VlOcsicCSrM5JZ3rA6TMkqShB0_uEOw_44ErPZO.NJCAKzzB1UwF4Mlp1dU6Rzr6g.fOtdRNCvluFf9YWD.RJ_ljG9JRW2zDL1lYokuYutPrg9xuAe.moa3imW3gVntFgxVVNAOAk5.5mdREgu.4LwcsWxmxhzyLqbGBz84mkzZvznJao6x.rOaP3dGSck0XvDsfKL0Ck5Dn6wBVc6gjjgmN4Y0d7B81oZbQ.QCScfVWy9V4c3xb7P8o.PtFHsDykTQgQ9nnFHqt68KyRt3bRf6tZn1go5kPLX4hpiuKF0EYBmMOsDzF03bqpStOkCFBSDp9rclG3Zq152wfM7aZeDCjrUr_acnlmHsL8RDzQpg0kExiESO72d11neEhtR.E9J33.0qd0xj5na9bE0mt2vxGB50fGHbeo5sF.tT_VLvbEo7X.anzuKsdLk.RKJkUzcnObFmV4mcoo03GiIhUPXKqL1ok0I.9kzhhIgFMI6To2SD.W1Ize4H05ZFvamZYMDwNzuk3i0PBOZkGO1v.NMrYnwFJGLiKkOqeFfabOTJI0Y3OFjH8PbUtFJgvDJIQlaEAz89IsFOUgvCOxTkUSxjcbb9AqyJLWy9cpVWgivMh.kafrm5FwhR6JZ5VQbJEdawahYwCxUMLtyu0ISECMi.rocPsESXe2v7JG1e2do7aOOT7a1XqHi_0y2xPVlmsoqn9p8WAGk02Fi1Bshwc5_HlM7W50omj8F3OtSYvAio98lUJ2NgzTTBjQ.p8KV8xMN2giMKyIjfb0vH5UP4StIBxxamQTQiwl.yRGO6mfMHgIkYC70yShTxJ9n65S4P.wuKQumoo.NTMd6I1QWIoJKtdxeowKOVbezij_Bv6wDc0QHeSXHzNf03QDnsXYBkRLANoB1.a0.bh3Lnc9MpvFG3BDHukV3XlBBMOntwn7Rf_Q88xVNfG4L7qTfQo5vs4FhuBPxqBj3cxowHJrGiyNbY_Fr9XrypzpI3eDVqznHTAiqri3uASpGqfDNCSVjHj5d_EyqxYh.ybVCFDjKffDgUp9vTFPOEKqybMpAifkQ1iLeZpVC314GBNKHkkdsiXI8UE66xJz8Pt.uHDkCzCBvCV6xSZtWtYzd5GZgzilVxUntA2iZeCa5d.de_ib9zIqghau4zRQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9f6377aa8a89b8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3491102.3501905?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Qdgye_NF1XmNY8uEQKihg.GXX7soKMYGpTGhTYjssY8-1732849657-1.0.1.1-r4DOko090oSnJ5hSNuDabRzpDB9XiOxPSQE93_bS_fA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>