Progress Against Poverty

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American cities in the US-China relationship </span> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-1728769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-topic menu-item-1728769 primaryLink inline-flex h-[30px]"><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/technology-innovation/" class="text-h5 flex items-center whitespace-nowrap text-link">Technology & Information</a> <div class="uk-dropbar uk-dropbar-top pointer-events-none p-0" uk-drop="stretch: true; boundary-y: !body; target: !.primary-nav; container: .primary-nav; animation: uk-animation-fade; animate-out: false; duration: 200; delay-hide: 0; overlay: true"> <div class="theme-white px-outer-lg pointer-events-auto"> <div class="dropbar-grid grid grid-cols-4 border-t border-20-black divide-x divide-20-black gap-5 pb-5"> <div class="topic-links flex flex-col pt-5 gap-3"> <span class="topic-heading-link"> <a class="text-h4 text-link" href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/technology-innovation/">Technology 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This book presents a case study of Progresa-Oportunidades, focusing...</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inside-look key-details px-outer lg:px-outer-lg"> <div class="flex justify-between items-center py-3 border-t border-skin-hr-primary"> <div div class="inside-look-text flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> <div class="inside-look-title pr-3"> <strong>Inside Look:</strong> </div> <div class="table-of-content pr-3"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/progressagainstpoverty_chapter.pdf" target="_blank">Sample Chapter</a> </div> </div> <div class="share-and-print justify-inherit flex gap-3 flex-wrap"> <div class="social-icons-small"> <ul class="flex gap-2"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Progress+Against+Poverty&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fbooks%2Fprogress-against-poverty%2F%3Fb%3D1" class="btn btn-social"> <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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flex-col gap-3 text-medium"> <div class="pages-location-date flex flex-col text-small"> <span class="isbn-pages">166 Pages</span> <span class="isbn-location">Brookings Institution Press</span> <span class="isbn-date">November 1, 2006</span> </div> <div class="isbn-numbers text-small"> <div class="isbn-paperback"> <label class="font-[600]">Paperback ISBN:</label> <span>9780815752219</span> </div> <div class="isbn-paperback"> <label class="font-[600]">eBook ISBN:</label> <span>9780815752226</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-block print-sidebar"> <button onclick="window.print();return false;" class="btn text-btn print-btn flex-shrink-0"> <span class="w-3"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g id="print / thin"> <path id="Union" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.875 0.875H20.125V6H22C23.1046 6 24 6.89543 24 8V16H20.125V23.125H4.875V16H0V8C0 6.89543 0.895431 6 2 6H4.875V0.875ZM18.875 6H6.125V2.125H18.875V6ZM6.125 16V21.875H18.875V16H6.125ZM2 8H6V10H2V8Z" fill="black"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="text-h6">Print</span> </button> </div> </aside> <aside class="sidebar sidebar-right contents lg:flex"> <div class="sidebar-block"> <div class="read-more-from-books"> <h5 class="read-more__title"> Read more from </h5> <div class="read-more-books-wrapper flex flex-col pt-4"> <div class="read-more-book flex flex-col "> <div class="book-author text-medium"> Santiago Levy </div> <a class="pb-2" href="https://www.brookings.edu/books/under-rewarded-efforts-the-elusive-quest-for-prosperity-in-mexico/"> <div class="book-wrapper flex gap-1 pt-[12px]"> <div class="book-image"> <figure class="overflow-hidden aspect-[45/66] relative w-[45px]"> <img class="w-fit max-h-full h-full shadow-book" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png?quality=75&w=335" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png 599w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png?resize=201,300 201w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png?resize=67,100 67w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png?resize=168,250 168w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/under-rewarded-efforts_book-title.png?resize=335,500 335w" sizes="500px" alt=""Under-Rewarded Efforts" book cover" /> </figure> </div> <div class="book-name text-small ml-2 text-dark-gray"> Under-Rewarded Efforts: The Elusive Quest for Prosperity in Mexico </div> </div> </a> <a class="" href="https://www.brookings.edu/books/good-intentions-bad-outcomes/"> <div class="book-wrapper flex gap-1 pt-[12px]"> <div class="book-image"> <figure class="overflow-hidden aspect-[45/66] relative w-[45px]"> <img 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gap-3"> <div class="related-group"> <div class="group-title label-small text-skin-caption"> Sub-Topics </div> <p class="group-list -comma-separated text-small"> <span class="item"><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/emerging-markets/" class="text-link-underline">Emerging Markets & Developing Economies</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/social-issues/" class="more-on-title text-wrapper linked-title text-medium text-link-underline">Society & Culture</a> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/regions/latin-america-the-caribbean/" class="more-on-title text-wrapper linked-title text-medium text-link-underline">Latin America & the Caribbean</a> <div class="related-group"> <div class="topics-related-group flex flex-col gap-3"> <div class="related-group"> <div class="group-title label-small text-skin-caption"> Sub-Topics </div> <p class="group-list -comma-separated text-small"> <span class="item"><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/regions/north-america/mexico/" class="text-link-underline">Mexico</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topics-related-group flex flex-col gap-2"> <div class="related-group"> <div class="group-title label-small text-skin-caption">Program</div> <p class="group-list -comma-separated text-small"> <span class="item"><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/programs/global-economy-and-development/" class="text-link-underline">Global Economy and Development</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="byo-block -narrow wysiwyg-block wysiwyg " > <p>In 1997, Mexico launched a new incentive-based poverty reduction program to enhance the human capital of those living in extreme poverty. This book presents a case study of Progresa-Oportunidades, focusing on the main factors that have contributed to the program’s sustainability, policies that have allowed it to operate at the national level, and future challenges.</p> </div> <div class="byo-block -narrow related-content sm:overflow-hidden max-sm:w-screen max-sm:-ml-outer pt-3 pb-4" > <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center gap-24 lg:gap-5"> <p class="label-large tm-linethrough px-outer sm:px-0"> Related Books </p> <div class="related-wrapper w-full flex justify-center overflow-visible pt-0 lg:p-0 lg:pb-5 lg:pt-0"> <div class="related-content-feed block-campaign w-full sm:max-w-[576px] flex flex-row flex-nowrap sm:flex-wrap gap-24 sm:justify-center snap-mandatory snap-x overflow-x-auto sm:overflow-x-hidden px-[12vw] sm:px-0" data-campaign=""> <div class="article-wrapper w-full flex-shrink-0 sm:flex-shrink snap-center"> <article class="article book article-content-width"> <a 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Lowenthal, Ted Piccone, Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead Strobe Talbott </p> <p class="date"> March 17, 2009 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -narrow authors sm:overflow-hidden py-5" > <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center gap-24 lg:gap-5"> <p class="label-large tm-linethrough px-outer sm:px-0">Author</p> <div class="related-wrapper w-full overflow-visible pt-0 lg:p-0 lg:pt-0 flex flex-col sm:items-center"> <div class="related-content-feed w-full sm:max-w-[576px] flex flex-col gap-5 sm:items-center"> <div class="author-group flex flex-col gap-24 sm:gap-5 w-full"> <div class="authors flex flex-col gap-24 sm:gap-5"> <div class="partners-wrapper w-full overflow-visible pt-0 lg:max-w-[576px] lg:p-0 lg:pb-5 lg:pt-0"> <div class="partners-content-feed w-full flex flex-row flex-nowrap sm:flex-wrap gap-24 lg:gap-y-5 lg:gap-x-0 sm:justify-center snap-mandatory snap-x overflow-x-auto sm:overflow-x-hidden pl-0 px-[12vw] sm:px-0"> <div class="article-wrapper w-full flex-shrink-0 sm:flex-shrink snap-center sm:px-4"> <div class="people " data-filter-research-programs='' data-filter-topics='' data-filter-regions=''> <div class="people-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/people/santiago-levy/" class="photo expert-link"> <div class="img-wrapper relative overflow-hidden"> <figure class="overflow-hidden relative aspect-[1/1] w-full rounded-full"> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?quality=75&w=218" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg 3024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=262,300 262w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=768,881 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=893,1024 893w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=1339,1536 1339w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=1786,2048 1786w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=87,100 87w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=218,250 218w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=436,500 436w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=872,1000 872w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=1308,1500 1308w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/santiago-levy-2024.jpg?resize=1744,2000 1744w" sizes="250px" alt="Santiago Levy" style="object-position: 49.32% 21.47%;" /> </div> </figure> </div> </a> <div class="info"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/people/santiago-levy/" class="text-link-underline"> <span class="name">Santiago Levy</span> </a> <span class="titles"> <span class="title-wrapper"> <span class="title">Nonresident Senior Fellow </span> <span class="title-blurb">- <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/programs/global-economy-and-development/" class="text-link-underline">Global Economy and Development</a></span> </span> </span> <p class="people-bio medium mt-3"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -narrow wysiwyg-block wysiwyg " > <p><b>Santiago Levy</b> is former general director of the Mexican Social Security Institute. From 1994 to 2000, he served as deputy minister of finance in Mexico and was the main architect of the Progresa-Oportunidades program.</p> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide w-screen -ml-outer mt-5 additional-links-wrapper" > <div class="additional-links-large flex items-center justify-center relative z-[1]"> <div class="image-background img-wrapper absolute top-0 left-0 w-full z-[-1]"> <figure class="relative min-h-[420px] w-full"> <img class="absolute xxl:relative w-full h-auto min-h-[420px] object-cover" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/allbooks.webp?quality=75&w=1500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/allbooks.webp 1915w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/allbooks.webp?resize=300,156 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/allbooks.webp?resize=768,400 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/allbooks.webp?resize=1024,534 1024w, 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custom source to use with autocomplete.js. * * @param object $index Algolia index object. * @param object $params Options object to use in search. */ var algoliaHitsSource = function( index, params ) { return function( query, callback ) { index .search( query, params ) .then( function( response ) { callback( response.hits, response ); }) .catch( function( error ) { callback( [] ); }); } } /* Setup autocomplete.js sources */ var sources = []; algolia.autocomplete.sources.forEach( function( config, i ) { var suggestion_template = wp.template( config[ 'tmpl_suggestion' ] ); sources.push( { source: algoliaHitsSource( client.initIndex( config[ 'index_name' ] ), { hitsPerPage: config[ 'max_suggestions' ], attributesToSnippet: [ 'content:10' ], highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__', highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__' } ), templates: { header: function () { return wp.template( 'autocomplete-header' )( { label: _.escape( config[ 'label' ] ) } ); }, suggestion: function ( hit ) { if (hit._highlightResult && hit._highlightResult.post_title && hit._highlightResult.post_title.value) { // decode the highlighted title var txt = document.createElement("textarea"); txt.innerHTML = hit._highlightResult.post_title.value; hit._highlightResult.post_title.value = txt.value; } if ( hit.escaped === true ) { return suggestion_template( hit ); } hit.escaped = true; for ( var key in hit._highlightResult ) { /* We do not deal with arrays. */ if ( typeof hit._highlightResult[ key ].value !== 'string' ) { continue; } hit._highlightResult[ key ].value = _.escape( hit._highlightResult[ key ].value ); hit._highlightResult[ key ].value = hit._highlightResult[ key ].value.replace( /__ais-highlight__/g, '<em>' ).replace( /__\/ais-highlight__/g, '</em>' ); } for ( var key in hit._snippetResult ) { /* We do not deal with arrays. */ if ( typeof hit._snippetResult[ key ].value !== 'string' ) { continue; } hit._snippetResult[ key ].value = _.escape( hit._snippetResult[ key ].value ); hit._snippetResult[ key ].value = hit._snippetResult[ key ].value.replace( /__ais-highlight__/g, '<em>' ).replace( /__\/ais-highlight__/g, '</em>' ); } return suggestion_template( hit ); } } } ); } ); /* Setup dropdown menus */ document.querySelectorAll( algolia.autocomplete.input_selector ).forEach( function( element ) { var config = { debug: algolia.debug, hint: false, openOnFocus: true, appendTo: 'body', templates: { empty: wp.template( 'autocomplete-empty' ) } }; if ( algolia.powered_by_enabled ) { config.templates.footer = wp.template( 'autocomplete-footer' ); } /* Instantiate autocomplete.js */ var autocomplete = algoliaAutocomplete( element, config, sources ) .on( 'autocomplete:selected', function ( e, suggestion ) { /* Redirect the user when we detect a suggestion selection. */ window.location.href = suggestion.permalink; } ); /* Force the dropdown to be re-drawn on scroll to handle fixed containers. */ window.addEventListener( 'scroll', function() { if ( 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