Dame Jane Goodall | Academy of Achievement

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In the summer of 1960, her dream brought her to the shores of Lake Tanganyika, to observe the wild chimpanzees at Gombe Stream. Other scientists did not believe that a 26-year-old woman could survive alone in the bush, but Jane Goodall did more than survive. Her work revolutionized the field of primatology. Over the years, she found chimpanzees engaging in activities that were once thought definitively human, such as toolmaking, cooperative hunting and even warfare. Her work, the longest continuous field study of any living creature, has forced us to redefine our understanding of what it means to be human, and provided a vital insight into the evolution of our own species. Today, Jane Goodall travels the world, campaigning for the humane treatment of all animals, and empowering young people in their own efforts to preserve the environment for all living things."/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <meta name="bingbot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Dame Jane Goodall | Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">As a girl in England, Jane Goodall dreamed of traveling to Africa to study animals in the wild. In the summer of 1960, her dream brought her to the shores of Lake Tanganyika, to observe the wild chimpanzees at Gombe Stream. Other scientists did not believe that a 26-year-old woman could survive alone in the bush, but Jane Goodall did more than survive. Her work revolutionized the field of primatology.</p> <p class="inputText">Over the years, she found chimpanzees engaging in activities that were once thought definitively human, such as toolmaking, cooperative hunting and even warfare. Her work, the longest continuous field study of any living creature, has forced us to redefine our understanding of what it means to be human, and provided a vital insight into the evolution of our own species.</p> <p class="inputText">Today, Jane Goodall travels the world, campaigning for the humane treatment of all animals, and empowering young people in their own efforts to preserve the environment for all living things.</p>"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-04-11T14:38:23+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall-3-Feature-Image.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@achievers1961"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@achievers1961"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#organization","name":"Academy of Achievement","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/","sameAs":["https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-academy-of-achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChe_87uh1H-NIMf3ndTjPFw","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://twitter.com/achievers1961"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/12.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"Academy of Achievement"},"image":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#website","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/","name":"Academy of Achievement","description":"A museum of living history","publisher":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/search/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall-3-Feature-Image.jpg","width":2800,"height":1120},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/#webpage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/","name":"Dame Jane Goodall | Academy of Achievement","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2016-05-25T17:11:27+00:00","dateModified":"2019-04-11T14:38:23+00:00","description":"As a girl in England, Jane Goodall dreamed of traveling to Africa to study animals in the wild. 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role="document"> <div class="content"> <main class="main"> <div class="feature-area__container"> <header class="feature-area feature-area--has-image ratio-container ratio-container--feature"> <figure class="feature-box"> <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image feature-area__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall-3-Feature-Image.jpg [(max-width:544px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall-3-Feature-Image-1400x560.jpg [(max-width:992px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall-3-Feature-Image.jpg"></div> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <figcaption class="feature-area__text ratio-container__text container"> <div class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">Dame Jane Goodall</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">Primatologist and Anthropologist</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-2412 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-anthropologist careers-primatologist"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="banner clearfix"> <div class="banner--single clearfix"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="banner__image__container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <img class="lazyload banner__image" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/WhatItTakes_goodall-256-190x190.jpg" alt=""/> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="banner__text__container"> <h3 class="serif-3 banner__headline"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> Listen to this achiever on <i>What It Takes</i> </a> </h3> <p class="sans-6 banner__text m-b-0"><i>What It Takes</i> is an audio podcast produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: public service, science and exploration, sports, technology, business, arts and humanities, and justice.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">Walking out on the plains — the smells, the animals, the wildness. It was just complete magic.</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Internationally Acclaimed Primate Researcher</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> April 3, 1934 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_10205" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10205" style="width: 1537px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10205 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10205 size-full lazyload" alt="Jane Goodall's father gave her a stuffed toy chimpanzee called Jubilee for her first birthday. It became her favorite toy, foreshadowing her life's work. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" width="1537" height="1800" data-sizes="(max-width: 1537px) 100vw, 1537px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465.jpg 1537w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465-324x380.jpg 324w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465-649x760.jpg 649w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10205" class="wp-caption-text">Goodall’s father gave her a stuffed toy chimpanzee called Jubilee for her first birthday. It became her favorite toy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall was born in London. Her father, Mortimer Morris-Goodall, was a well-known race car driver. From early childhood, Jane was fascinated by all animals, an interest encouraged by her mother, Vanne. When Mortimer Morris-Goodall went to war, young Jane moved with her mother and younger sister, Judy, to live with her grandmother and aunts in the seaside town of Bournemouth, where they remained when her father and mother divorced following the war. <span class="s1">A precocious reader in a family of women who encouraged intellectual accomplishment, Jane read everything she could get her hands on about wild animals and Africa. She did well in school despite an unusual neurological condition, known as prosopagnosia, which makes it difficult to recognize faces. Unable to afford a university education, she moved to London after school to work as a secretary for a documentary film company. When an opportunity arose to visit a friend’s family in Kenya, she returned to Bournemouth and worked as a waitress in a local hotel, living at home to save money for her trip.  </span></p> <figure id="attachment_10202" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10202" style="width: 924px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-10202 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-10202 lazyload" alt="" width="924" height="1133" data-sizes="(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot.jpg 924w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot-310x380.jpg 310w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot-620x760.jpg 620w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10202" class="wp-caption-text">Young Jane Goodall loved animals, books, and books about animals. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="s1">In Kenya, Goodall was introduced to the legendary anthropologist Louis Leakey. Leakey hired her as an assistant and secretary, and she accompanied him and his wife Mary on an archeological dig at Olduvai Gorge. A leading authority on the evolution of man, Leakey knew there was a lack of hard data concerning the behavior of chimpanzees — our nearest evolutionary relatives — in the wild. Although Jane lacked scientific training, or even a college degree, she was eager to attempt the research herself. Despite Leakey’s confidence in her abilities, other experienced professionals did not believe a lone young woman from England could survive in the African bush. </span>When the British colonial authorities refused to allow her to travel alone to the chimpanzee reserve near Lake Tanganyika, she recruited her mother to stay with her. In the summer of 1960, Jane Goodall and her mother arrived at Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in what is now Tanzania. At first the Gombe chimps fled at the sight of a human intruder, and Goodall could only observe them from a distance through binoculars. Over the months that followed, she gradually won the trust of a single male chimpanzee she named David Graybeard.</p> <figure id="attachment_10201" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10201" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10201 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10201 size-full lazyload" alt="Louis Leakey (1903-1972), the pioneering paloeanthropologist who mentored a generation of scientists in East Africa, including Jane Goodall. (Photo by Melville B. Grosvenor/National Geographic/Getty Images )" width="2280" height="3383" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818-256x380.jpg 256w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818-512x760.jpg 512w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10201" class="wp-caption-text">Dr. Louis Leakey (1903-1972), the pioneering paleoanthropologist who mentored a generation of scientists in East Africa, including primate researcher Jane Goodall. In Nairobi, Kenya, Goodall “boldly asked for an appointment with Louis Leakey, whose interest in great apes grew from his pioneering research into human origins. Dr. Leakey hired Jane on the spot to do secretarial work and saw in her the makings of a scientist. Leakey arranged for her to study primates while he raised funds so she could conduct chimpanzee research in Tanzania. And within months of their first meeting, Leakey told Jane he was in love with her. Jane wrote to others that she was horrified by the overture from Leakey, who was thirty years her senior and married. For months after, Jane told him firmly that she’d never return his feelings, Leakey still sent her love letters.” (Melville B. Grosvenor/National Geographic/Getty)</figcaption></figure> <p>Her habit of giving the chimps human names was a sharp departure from established practice, which dictated that animals be given numbers, not names. It was believed that the numbering system prevented researchers from investing the animals with human emotions, but Goodall believed that understanding animal behavior requires the observer to see animals as individuals, rather than interchangeable specimens. In fact, she found the chimps in her study group to have widely divergent personalities and complex family relationships. Readers of her books have come to know many of the Gombe chimpanzees by name, including the high-ranking female known as Flo, her daughter Fifi, and Fifi’s ferocious son, Frodo.</p> <figure id="attachment_10195" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10195" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10195 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10195 size-full lazyload" alt="The encampment on Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, where Jane Goodall began her study of the wild chimpanzees, accompanied by her mother. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" width="2280" height="3432" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838-252x380.jpg 252w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838-505x760.jpg 505w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10195" class="wp-caption-text">The encampment on Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, where Jane Goodall began her study of the wild chimpanzees.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early in her stay at Gombe, Goodall observed David Graybeard and the band’s leader, Goliath, stripping the leaves from sticks to use them for collecting and eating termites. Although animals had been seen using objects as tools in the past, it was the first instance of an animal being observed altering an object for a practical purpose —in other words, toolmaking, an activity previously thought to be the defining characteristic of human beings. Goodall also observed chimps pursuing baboons and bush pigs together, an example of cooperative hunting, also thought to be uniquely human behavior.</p> <figure id="attachment_10199" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10199" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10199 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10199 size-full lazyload" alt="Jane Goodall found that wild chimpanzees experience emotions much like those of human beings. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" width="2280" height="3419" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole-253x380.jpg 253w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole-507x760.jpg 507w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10199" class="wp-caption-text">Goodall found that wild chimpanzees experience emotions much like those of human beings. (Hugo van Lawick)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1">In Tanzania, Goodall met Hugo van Lawick, a Dutch wildlife photographer and filmmaker. His photographs of Jane Goodall and the Gombe chimps in <i>National Geographic</i> magazine drew widespread attention to her work and helped win increased support for the research.</p> <figure id="attachment_10198" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10198" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10198 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10198 size-full lazyload" alt="As the dangers to the wild chimpanzee has increased, Jane Goodall has become more involved in efforts to find sanctuary for these endangered creatures. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" width="2280" height="1521" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2-380x254.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10198" class="wp-caption-text">As the dangers to the wild chimpanzee have increased tremendously, Jane Goodall has become more involved in efforts to find sanctuary for these endangered creatures. (Hugo van Lawick, The National Geographic Society)</figcaption></figure> <p>On the advice of Louis Leakey, Goodall returned to England to earn a doctorate in ethology, the science of animal behavior, at Cambridge University. In 1964, Goodall and Van Lawick were married in London. Her husband held the title of baron in the Netherlands; during their marriage, Jane Goodall was often referred to in the press and elsewhere as Baroness van Lawick. She received her doctorate from Darwin College, Cambridge, in 1965. The couple returned to Tanzania, where she established the Gombe Stream Research Centre.</p> <figure id="attachment_10197" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10197" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10197 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10197 size-full lazyload" alt="This chimpanzee trusted Jane Goodall enough to allow her to groom him. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" width="2280" height="1459" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825-380x243.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825-760x486.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10197" class="wp-caption-text">This chimpanzee trusted Jane Goodall enough to allow her to groom him. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, NGS)</figcaption></figure> <p>Goodall’s discoveries gained an international audience when the National Geographic television program <i>Miss Goodall and the Wild Chimpanzees</i> was broadcast in 1965. Goodall and Van Lawick’s son, Hugo, known affectionately as “Grub,” was born in 1967. Following the example of the more well-adjusted chimps she had observed, Goodall remained in constant contact with her child for the first three years of his life. For much of the ’70s she promoted the lessons of primatology for successful child rearing. Jane Goodall and Hugo van Lawick divorced in 1974 but remained on good terms for the rest of Van Lawick’s life, collaborating on the documentary film <i>People of the Forest</i>.</p> <figure id="attachment_38370" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38370" style="width: 955px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-38370 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-38370 lazyload" alt="" width="955" height="574" data-sizes="(max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould.jpg 955w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould-380x228.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould-760x457.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-38370" class="wp-caption-text">Awards Council member Dr. Stephen Jay Gould presents Dr. Jane Goodall, DBE with the American Academy of Achievement’s Golden Plate Award during the 1987 “Salute to Excellence” program in Scottsdale, Arizona.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">In the 1970s, Dr. Goodall began to observe a darker side of chimpanzee life, including a four-year war between two bands of chimps, marked by extreme savagery and acts of cannibalism. Her field research suggests that the aggressive and warlike behavior of humans is deeply rooted in our primate ancestry. Goodall and her allies had long advocated the creation of a national park in Gombe. In the course of this work she met the director of Tanzania’s national park system, Derek Bryceson. The British-born Bryceson was a Royal Air Force veteran who had settled in Tanzania after World War II. A supporter of Tanzanian independence, he was elected to the new country’s National Assembly. Bryceson was profoundly impressed by Goodall’s presentation to the National Assembly. She was moved by his courage in overcoming injuries sustained when he was shot down over Egypt during World War II. Sharing their love for the treasures of Tanzania’s wildlife, Goodall and Bryceson were married in 1975 and made their home at Lake Tanganyika until his death in 1980.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_10184" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10184" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10184 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10184 size-full lazyload" alt="Roots and Shoots gathering Science Museum of Minnesota (Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees - wildchimpanzees.org - Public Domain) Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots is the Jane Goodall Institute’s (JGI) global youth-led community action program, comprised of thousands of young people inspired by Dr. Jane Goodall to make the world a better place. The program builds on the legacy and vision of Dr. Jane Goodall to place the power and resources for creating practical solutions to big challenges in the hands of the young people." width="2280" height="1676" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20-380x279.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20-760x559.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10184" class="wp-caption-text">Dr. Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots is JGI’s global youth-led community action program, comprised of thousands of young people inspired to make the world a better place. Roots & Shoots builds on the legacy and vision of Dr. Jane Goodall to place the power and resources for creating the solutions to challenges in the hands of young people.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1977, Goodall founded the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. While the Institute initially focused on supporting continued field research on wild chimpanzees, its work has expanded to promoting the power of individuals to protect the environment for all living things. As of this writing, the Goodall Institute has 19 offices around the world, operating community-centered conservation and development programs, principally in Africa. Jane Goodall later founded a youth program, Roots & Shoots, which now operates in more than 50 countries.</p> <figure id="attachment_10188" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10188" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-10188 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-10188 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1520" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10188" class="wp-caption-text">Jane Goodall at a sunrise symposium session with the Academy delegates during the 2009 Achievement Summit.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">For many years, Jane Goodall has been an outspoken opponent of the use of chimpanzees in medical research, and has campaigned for the more humane treatment of research animals when their use cannot be done away with altogether. Other dangers to the world’s chimpanzees include the erosion of their natural habitat through careless development, and the hunting of wild chimpanzees for the luxury “bush meat” trade. Her fight to preserve the world’s chimpanzee population has included service on the board of the world’s largest chimpanzee sanctuary, Save the Chimps, in Fort Pierce, Florida.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_61243" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-61243" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-61243 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/11-goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-61243 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1508" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/11-goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/11-goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849-380x251.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/11-goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849-760x503.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/11-goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-61243" class="wp-caption-text">Jane Goodall addressing the delegates at the 2009 Summit in South Africa. Her stuffed toy, Mr. H, is behind her.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1">Dr. Goodall has received numerous international honors, including the Medal of Tanzania, the National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal, the Kyoto Prize of Japan, the Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research, the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science, and the Gandhi/King Award for Nonviolence. In 2002 the United Nations named her a Messenger of Peace. In a 2003 ceremony at Buckingham Palace, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on Dr. Goodall the title of Dame of the British Empire (DBE), equivalent to a knighthood.</p> <figure id="attachment_40495" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-40495" style="width: 1909px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-40495 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/wp-Goodall.Jane-Nat-Geo-Cover.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-40495 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="1909" height="2850" data-sizes="(max-width: 1909px) 100vw, 1909px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/wp-Goodall.Jane-Nat-Geo-Cover.jpg 1909w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/wp-Goodall.Jane-Nat-Geo-Cover-255x380.jpg 255w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/wp-Goodall.Jane-Nat-Geo-Cover-509x760.jpg 509w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/wp-Goodall.Jane-Nat-Geo-Cover.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-40495" class="wp-caption-text">To document Jane Goodall’s discoveries about chimps, National Geographic sent photographer Hugo van Lawick. In 1962, he posed her for photos like this one. Later, he proposed marriage. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick/Nat Geo)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">For 45 years, Jane Goodall continued her firsthand observation of the chimpanzees at Gombe, gaining constant insight into the variety of their social behavior, ranging from senseless cruelty to extreme tenderness. As late as 1987, she observed an adolescent chimpanzee adopt a three-year-old orphan who was not a close relative, a demonstration of altruism that was long thought to be beyond the capacity of animals. The essence of her scientific work appears in her book <i>The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior</i>, the definitive work on the behavior of chimpanzees. Her work forms the core body of knowledge on social learning among chimpanzees. It helped differentiate chimpanzees from a related species, the bonobo, and led to the classification of chimps, bonobos and gorillas — alongside human beings — as hominids.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_10192" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10192" style="width: 1656px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10192 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10192 size-full lazyload" alt="Jane Goodall shared her extraordinary experiences with a new generation of readers in her 1988 autobiography, <i>My Life With the Chimpanzees </i>." width="1656" height="2496" data-sizes="(max-width: 1656px) 100vw, 1656px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000.jpg 1656w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000-252x380.jpg 252w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000-504x760.jpg 504w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10192" class="wp-caption-text">Jane Goodall shared her extraordinary experiences with a new generation of readers in her 1988 autobiography.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Dr. Goodall has shared her findings with the general public in a series of highly readable books, including <i>My Friends the Wild Chimpanzees</i>, <i>In the Shadow of Man</i> and <i>Through a Window</i>. She has also written a number of books for children, including <i>Grub: The Bush Baby</i>, <i>Chimpanzees I Love</i> and <i>My Life with the Chimpanzees</i>. A vast audience has learned of her work through a series of National Geographic television programs and the IMAX film, <i>Jane Goodall’s Wild Chimpanzees</i>. Her other books include two volumes of memoirs and a spiritual autobiography, <i>Reason for Hope</i>, in which she discusses her religious beliefs and her faith in the future of humankind. A more recent work is <i>Harvest for Hope: A Guide to Mindful Eating</i> (2005), in which she encourages her readers to weigh the moral and environmental implications of their dietary choices.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Although Jane Goodall’s discovery of group violence among chimpanzees suggests that aggressive behavior is deeply rooted in our evolutionary past, her observations of kindness and selfless behavior among the chimps of Gombe show that these traits too are part of our evolutionary heritage. She maintains our ability to reason and learn from shared experience will yet enable us to preserve a livable environment for ourselves and all our fellow creatures. Today, Jane Goodall travels nearly 300 days a year, circling the globe to share her message of hope, and encouraging young people to work for a better world.</span></p> </body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 1987 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.anthropologist">Anthropologist</a></div> <div><a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.primatologist">Primatologist</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> April 3, 1934 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p class="inputTextFirst">As a girl in England, Jane Goodall dreamed of traveling to Africa to study animals in the wild. In the summer of 1960, her dream brought her to the shores of Lake Tanganyika, to observe the wild chimpanzees at Gombe Stream. Other scientists did not believe that a 26-year-old woman could survive alone in the bush, but Jane Goodall did more than survive. Her work revolutionized the field of primatology.</p> <p class="inputText">Over the years, she found chimpanzees engaging in activities that were once thought definitively human, such as toolmaking, cooperative hunting and even warfare. Her work, the longest continuous field study of any living creature, has forced us to redefine our understanding of what it means to be human, and provided a vital insight into the evolution of our own species.</p> <p class="inputText">Today, Jane Goodall travels the world, campaigning for the humane treatment of all animals, and empowering young people in their own efforts to preserve the environment for all living things.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/KKZcNVXMszo?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=6245&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.01_32_47_19.Still036-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.01_32_47_19.Still036-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Internationally Acclaimed Primate Researcher</h2> <div class="sans-2">Singita Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa</div> <div class="sans-2">July 6, 2009</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><span class="s1"><b>What was it like, coming to Africa for the first time, arriving in Nairobi on your 23rd birthday?</b></span></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/qokiPuvnSkg?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_47_58_09.Still022-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_47_58_09.Still022-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Jane Goodall: I arrived off this boat, having made lots of friends, the way one does on boats, feeling really sad, because — although a lot of us were going by train from Mombassa to Nairobi — it was kind of like the end of this very special little piece of magic, this voyage. It was longer than normal.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We had to go all the way around the Cape because the Suez War was happening, so you couldn’t go through the Suez Canal. Looking out of the train window, seeing giraffes — and I think a couple of elephants — seemed unreal. Then I was met by my school friend and her parents, and we went straight up to where they lived in the White Highlands, and it was getting dark. But I remember, very close to the road, a giraffe. And giraffes are completely unreal creatures. When you see one for the first time in the wild close up, it’s totally magic and… gosh, I was in Africa! And we saw an aardvark, which is very rare to see in the wild. In fact, I’ve only seen one other since, but this one just wandered across the road. I didn’t realize how rare it was. And then got up to this farm house, and the very next morning was woken up and they said, “Come out.” There’s a footprint in the mud of this big leopard, and he’d taken one of their dogs. So it was a real introduction to wild, savage Africa.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>You said you were sad. Why were you sad?</b></span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I was sad because when you get very close to a group of people in an unreal situation like on a boat, when nothing’s really real, it’s like being taken out of the world. There I was with these people that I got to know really well. It was a group of us young women and we were going to say goodbye and probably never see each other again. So it was the end of a piece of magic.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_10223" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10223" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-10223 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-10223 lazyload" alt="Jane Goodall sitting with three chimpanzees. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" width="2280" height="1522" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38-380x254.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10223" class="wp-caption-text">Jane Goodall sitting with three chimpanzees in Tanzania. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall’s Wild Chimpanzees)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>How did your meeting with Louis Leakey come about?</b></span></p> <p class="p3"><span class="s2">Jane Goodall: I’d been staying with my friend, then I got a job in Nairobi, a very boring one which my uncle had arranged before I ever set off. Being very much “<i>family</i> family,” they wanted to know I was going to be okay. “You don’t sponge on your friends, so you mustn’t stay more than a month.” A month and a half at the most.</span></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/ckYpd6s91ic?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.01_07_12_10.Still025-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.01_07_12_10.Still025-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/preparation/">Preparation</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Somebody said, “If you’re interested in animals you must meet Louis Leakey.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So I rang up.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A voice said, “I’m Leakey.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What do you want?”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He hated the telephone.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So I said I wanted to meet him, and he said, “Come to the museum.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The natural history museum.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Asked me all these questions, took me around. I think he was amazed that a young girl straight from England with no degree knew so much, because I had done what my mother suggested,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I’d gone on learning about Africa.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I read books, been around the Natural History Museum in London.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So I could answer many of his questions, and he offered me a job just like that, boom, first day.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>And I said, rather cheekily, I suppose,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“Well, this is fantastic, but before I settle down to…” — because it was a secretary —<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“…to work for you, I must get out into Africa.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I must.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I’ve come all this way and I must go out into the wild and see a lion.”</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/0WGrz4-PAos?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_03_15_07.Still001-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_03_15_07.Still001-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">He let me go with himself, his wife, one other young English girl (Gillian Trace) who also worked at the museum, about five Kenyans, to what is now a very famous place, Olduvai Gorge, where many human fossils have been found. But in those days, only animal fossils. So it was totally unknown, completely wild. There were no people there. There were no roads, there was no trail, there was no track. It was nothing. And the Leakeys had been there about four summers running, because they were convinced that they would find early human remains, which of course they did, but when I went there they hadn’t yet. So there it was, wild untouched Africa. And after this hard work of digging for fossils under the hot sun, Gillian and I were allowed out onto the plains walking, and there were lions, there were rhinos. We just were the two of us. I don’t think other people would be allowed to do that today. It was magic. And that I think is when Louis decided I was the person he’d been looking for.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>There you were, working with fossils instead of live animals, which you’d dreamed about all your life. How did you feel about that?</b></span></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/lOZFtpRr3UQ?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_40_31_20.Still020-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_40_31_20.Still020-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/passion/">Passion</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Jane Goodall: When I was at Olduvai, I wasn’t there because I wanted to be a paleontologist, but I was in the middle of the Africa I dreamed about. It was one of the most magic times of my life.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I wasn’t totally thrilled with digging for fossils, but I was totally thrilled with digging for fossils in the middle of the wilderness in Africa. And just every so often, I would hold a bone in my hand and I would almost seem to… it would be almost like a mystical experience. I remember once holding the tusks of one of these big prehistoric pigs and just there stood the pig. And I could smell it and see the color and hear the sound of the pig. And then I came back to reality and it was the bone in my hand. But it was the walking out on the plains, the smell, the animals, the wilderness, the wildness. It was just complete magic. And afterwards, Louis told me that he deliberately selected someone with no degree because he wanted somebody whose mind was, as he said, unbiased by the reductionist attitude of the animal behavior people of that time in Europe, the ethologists. He didn’t tell me that, he just… that’s what his idea was.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_10224" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10224" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-10224 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-10224 size-full lazyload" alt="Jane Goodall pant-hooting with chimpanzee (Michael Neugebauer - Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees - wildchimpanzees.org - Public Domain)" width="2280" height="1498" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40-380x250.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235254im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40-760x499.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10224" class="wp-caption-text">Jane Goodall pant-hooting with a chimpanzee at Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. (Michael Neugebauer)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Resulting from that dig, and your relationship with the Leakeys, a new project developed. Perhaps it was a project that Dr. Louis Leakey had planned all along, but it took some time to link you to this project. Can you tell me a little bit about how that happened?</b></span></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235254if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/EXYR8--9FYQ?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=0&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_38_07_21.Still019-1-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Goodall-Jane-2009-MasterEdit.00_38_07_21.Still019-1-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Jane Goodall: I think it was the day when I got back to the little camp, in the evening with Gillian, and we’d just encountered this young male lion — about two years old, his mane beginning to sprout — and he’d followed us — oh, I don’t know, I mean the length of a long room, which was a bit scary but it was really exciting. And I was telling Louis about this, and I think that’s when he realized I was the person he’d been looking for to go and try and learn about chimpanzees in the wild. Because his reckoning was, “They are our closest living relatives.” And he didn’t know back then quite how close biologically they actually are to us, but it was known they were close. And so he argued that if somebody would go and learn about them in the wild, if we found behavior that was the same or very similar in chimpanzees today and humans today, then if we agreed that there was a common ancestor about six, seven million years ago, then maybe that behavior was present in the common ancestor. And therefore, we brought it with us, all up through our evolutionary pathway, and that would help him to have a better feeling for how early humans behaved, the creatures whose fossil remains he was digging up. That’s why he wanted somebody to study them, and he asked if I would. Well yes!</p> </div> </div>     <aside class="collapse" id="full-interview">    <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">That was it. I couldn’t have dreamed that I would get the opportunity to study something like a chimpanzee with no qualifications. It seemed unreal. He didn’t tell me that he wanted me because I didn’t have qualifications. He told me that later. It took over a year to find the money.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Who was going to give money to a crazy project like a young girl straight from England, no degree, going out into a potentially dangerous situation? And finally, he found some money for six months. And then the second problem, which was, I think, harder to overcome, was that in those days what we call Tanzania today was Tanganyika. It was a British protectorate, part of the British colonial empire, and the British authorities would not take responsibility for this young girl going out in the bush alone. But in the end, they said, “Well, if she brings a companion…” So who volunteered to come for four of those six months? We had money for six months. For four of those months, my same amazing mother! She packed up in England. She came out. We had so little money for this expedition, a couple of tin plates and cups. Food in tins, very little at that. One cook; we had to have somebody out there. An ex-army tent. No sewn-in groundsheet like all the fancy tents have today, just a piece of canvass on the ground and the flaps at the bottom you rolled up and tied with strings. All the centipedes and spiders and snakes could come in.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">My mother was amazing, and she kept camp. I think she played two really important roles. One, she boosted my morale, because in those early days the chimpanzees ran away as soon as they saw me. They’d never seen a white ape before. They’re very conservative. They would vanish. And she would say, in the evening when I was a bit despondent, “But think what you are learning. What they’re feeding on. The kind of sized groups they travel in. How they make beds at night, bending down the branches…” all the things I’d seen through my binoculars. And so she boosted my morale. And then, secondly, she started a little clinic. She wasn’t a doctor or a nurse, but my whole family was very medical. Her brother had given her masses of simple aspirins and bandages and things like that. So she would treat the fishermen who had camped along the lake shore. And because she would spend hours with them, doing a saline drip on the tropical ulcer, she became known as a white witch doctor. And she established, for me and all my students, this great relationship with all the local people.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Before you actually went to Gombe, when Dr. Leakey was still getting the funding in order, he wanted you to go back to school. Is that right?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: While Louis Leakey was finding the money, getting the arrangements made, getting permission, I went back to England and I worked with a very famous primatologist called John Napier, who taught me a little bit about primates, but that was just in his office. I set off ahead of my mother. So when Louis Leakey had got everything ready, I was out there helping with the last-minute arrangements, and finally all was organized.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">My mother flew out to join me and we drove from Nairobi all the way to Kigoma in a short wheel base Land Rover, horribly overloaded, driven by the botanist from the museum in Nairobi. It was an amazing kind of a journey. It took three days. And when we arrived in Kigoma, it was to find that the Congo had erupted and all the refugees were coming over the lake from what was then the Belgian Congo. Then it became Zaire. Now it’s the Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC. But anyway, they were coming over Lake Tanganyika and everything was in chaos. I wasn’t allowed to go straight off to the Gombe National Park. Instead, we were stuck in Kigoma helping to feed refugees, and finally we got the permission to go.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Who was living in the Gombe Stream Reserve when you and your mother arrived?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When Mum and I set foot on the sandy beach of Gombe for that very first time, we were greeted by the headman. There wasn’t a village there. It was a couple of game scouts with their wives and kids. And then there was the headman, and he was called Idi Matata, and he had his wives, and that was it. That was that little handful of people on the beach. And Idi Matata, we found out later, was the most infamous witch doctor the area has ever known. He was supposed to have two crocodiles who were his familiars. Fortunately, he befriended me and my mother, and that made all the difference to all our relationships all around.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I remember being summoned in the middle of the night. Mum and I were summoned and somebody came over with a torch. We were taken over the stream to this little encampment on the beach. And one of his wives’ daughters had had her first baby, but it was going wrong and Mum, very wisely, didn’t touch the child ’cause she thought, “You know, if something goes wrong we’ll be blamed.” So she just kind of gave reassurance. And for some reason this girl was not… I don’t know. Maybe she was having a child out of wedlock, I don’t know. But anyway, the senior wives were not paying any attention. That’s what Mum did. She got them to come and they delivered the baby. So we could do no wrong after that. And I never forget Idi Matata, when the baby’s born, getting these really rusty scissors, holding the baby up and cutting the umbilical cord. That was about the second week we were there. What an introduction!</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Was your mother really prepared for this kind of roughing it?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: My mother had a pretty bad time. She never had a strong stomach. She didn’t feel well a lot of the time. She doesn’t like the heat, and it got hot. Fortunately, she left before the rainy season came, and that was when the tent leaked and everything was moldy and wet. So she was only there for four months. We arrived in July. The short rains had started, but she missed the long rain.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What was the toughest part of your study initially?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: The toughest part of my study initially was getting the confidence of the chimps. So it started off, they were afraid. Then, when they began to lose their fear they became belligerent. They treated me a bit as though I was a predator, and that is very scary. I mean they’re about eight times stronger than I am. And when the big males were bristling their hair — and often it was in the rain, so they looked very black, because they feel kind of more belligerent in the rain, I guess — and shaking branches, and even sort of the ends of the branches were hitting my head. And knowing they could actually tear me to bits if they’d wanted to. And then the belligerence went away. And it was David Greybeard who really helped me get into their world, because he lost his fear. He wasn’t belligerent. He visited my camp one day to eat palm nuts. Saw some bananas lying around, took them, and then came back for more. So I would wait down in the camp instead of getting up at half past five every day. And one day David took a banana from my hand. That was just after my mother had left.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>How long had you seen David Greybeard hanging around before you had this first physical contact?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: It was about three weeks, four weeks after I first got to know David Greybeard in the camp. We were still putting out bananas — “we” being me and the cook, Dominique. When my mother left, she insisted Louis Leakey give me a way of communicating with the outside world. So his trusted boatmen from Lake Victoria came to join our little camp.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So I was in camp, and on this particular day I remember, can never forget, holding out a banana in my hand to David, and he came up and he was nervous. He hesitated, then he took the banana. And it was just like, you know, I imagine how the early explorers felt when they were holding out beads and things to the natives, and they were accepted for the first time. So after that, if I met a group of chimps out in the forest and they were ready to run as usual, if David was there then they would sit. “Well, she can’t be so scary after all.” That was the point at which some of them became belligerent. Those were the ones who were more fearful. Because you get over your fear by being aggressive.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>How did you plan on defending yourself, not just from the elements, but from the chimps, crocodiles? Was it just naïveté that you weren’t afraid initially?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Louis Leakey always told me that if you obeyed certain rules that animals wouldn’t hurt you, and I had total trust. Admittedly, when the chimpanzees were threatening me it was scary. But fortunately, I was never scared until afterwards. So at the time I was quite calm, and I would think, “Well okay, they are being angry at me so I’ve got to convince them that I’m harmless.” So I would be very busy digging holes in the ground, not looking at them, or I would pick leaves and pretend to eat them, and that seemed to do the trick. And then they’d give up and move away.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>During your first visit to the Gombe Stream you observed some startling chimpanzee behavior. Could you tell us about your first sighting of the chimps using tools and eating meat?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I think it was really sad that my mother had just left when I made the breakthrough observation, because although I was in my dream world, and although it was bliss being at Gombe, I knew if I didn’t see something really exciting before that first money ran out, that would be the end. That would’ve let Louis down. It would be the end of the study.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So on this one day, which I can never forget, walking back through the long grass. It had been raining. It was wet. It was cold and I suddenly saw this dark shape hunched over the golden soil of a termite mound and a black hand reaching out and pushing a straw piece of grass down into the termite mound and withdrawing it. That first time I couldn’t see properly. The chimp had his back to me. When he walked away I saw it was David Greybeard, which is probably why he hadn’t run away. And I went over to the heap and there were grasses lying around and termites kind of on the surface. So I picked grass and pushed it down a hole like he had, pulled it out, and lo and behold, termites gripping on it. I thought, “That’s tool using.” But, it was so surprising ’cause somebody had said to me, “If you see tool using, the whole study is worthwhile.” And the next day it was the rainy season beginning, you see, so the termites were flying. This is when they eat them, mostly. So the next day I actually saw David Greybeard again. I had a much better view. He was with Goliath. And I could see not only the whole of the use of the straw as a tool, but breaking off a leafy twig, stripping off the leaves, which is the beginning of tool making. And that was the thing. We were defined as “Man the Toolmaker.” That made us more different than anything else from the rest of the animal kingdom. We were “Man the Toolmaker” when I was growing up. And so it was after Louis Leakey got my telegram that he sent one back saying, “We shall now have to redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Did you know at the time what a big moment this was?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Quite honestly, when I first saw that tool using and tool making, it was exciting. I wished mum was there to share it with, but it wasn’t surprising to me. It didn’t surprise me that chimpanzees could behave this way. They were so obviously intelligent. They were so obviously so like us. So, the full scientific impact of it didn’t really dawn on me until I got back and heard the response of other scientists, some of whom said, “Well, why should we believe what this young untrained girl says,” and pooh-poohed it, basically. But then the National Geographic Society gave money because of that observation and sent out Hugo van Lawick, the photographer. And it was his pictures and film that convinced everybody, well, yeah, she actually has seen this. Chimps actually do use and make tools. And then some of them said, “Well, she taught them.” I’m thinking, gosh, that would’ve been clever to teach them to do something. They don’t learn from us in the wild. In captivity, yes. In the wild, they learn from each other. They ignore us.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Did you observe chimps eating meat in this phase or was it after?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Strangely enough, (it was) about two weeks after I saw tool using that I saw David Greybeard up in a tree, and I could not think what he had in his hand. It was pink. And there was a female and a young one or two young ones, I can’t remember, and she was begging. And there were bush pigs down below. And then the young one would occasionally rush down to pick something off the ground and would be charged by a bush pig. And after a bit, I didn’t have very good binoculars, and I realized this is meat. How extraordinary! And then it wasn’t for another probably two months that I actually saw hunting, hunting of a monkey. That was something that Louis Leakey felt, that early humans had used and made tools obviously, but wasn’t quite sure when. And this was the first time that people realized, well obviously, before they used stone tools, which are quite complex, of course they used little bits of twig and grass, but they don’t fossilize, so nobody’d found them. And Louis Leakey had always imagined them hunting and sharing food, and now here were chimpanzees hunting and sharing food.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Chimps may not learn from humans in the wild, but unfortunately chimps contract human diseases in the wild. In 1966 there was a polio outbreak among the chimpanzees at Gombe. How did you deal with that?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">That polio outbreak in 1966 was one of the most traumatic times. I think it was even more traumatic because at that time I was pregnant with my son, and we didn’t realize at first that it was polio. It was just this one chimpanzee, Mr. McGregor, coming in, dragging both paralyzed legs, and finally falling out of the tree and dislocating one arm. So he’s then totally unable to move, and we had to shoot him to put him out of his misery. Gradually, other chimps appeared that we hadn’t seen for a while, and they’d be dragging an arm or dragging a leg, or they never came back. It was an absolutely terrible time. The doctor in Kigoma — the European doctor — knew there was an outbreak among people. He should have been administering the polio prevention drops.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Immunization?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: He hadn’t done it. He should have. He didn’t report it, so we didn’t know there was polio among the human population, so we didn’t know it was polio to start with. As soon as we realized, we immediately got the whole dose of the vaccine from Nairobi, and we would put the required number of drops into a banana. We were feeding all of them bananas at that time. It was a nightmare, because you had to give three doses. And if you gave a dose to a chimp who’d had one dose just the day before, he could get polio, because it’s a live vaccine. So there’d have to be a week’s space between doses. It was a nightmare making sure that a high-ranking one who’d just had a dose didn’t seize a banana from a low-ranking one. So it was a horrible, horrible time, and we lost many wonderful chimpanzees.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>It was quite devastating to the study. Even though the casualties might not seem great in the big picture, they were big losses for Gombe Stream.</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Gombe Stream never had many chimps, and it was a devastating impact on the population. We traced it to two human polio victims. In the South we saw chimps dragging limbs. So we presumed it came from fishermen and villages in the South, and then from chimp to chimp, until it reached us.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What did you observe about chimpanzee behavior that taught you about human behavior?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: One of the real shocks for me in this whole long-term study was finding out that — whereas I thought chimps were very much like us, but nicer — that in certain situations they can be just as brutal, just as violent as we can. And they have this very aggressive territoriality, so that the males will patrol the boundaries of their territory in groups of three or more quite regularly. And if they see a “stranger” — stranger in quotes, that’s an individual from a neighboring social group — usually if it’s one by him or herself, they chase. If they catch the unfortunate victim, subject them to really, really serious brutal gang attacks, leave them to die of their injuries. And there was one four-year period where the males of one community systematically attacked and left to die the members of a smaller neighboring community. Annihilated the whole group, except for young females that they encouraged to come into their community. It was what I called a four-year war. And then they took over the now vacated territory to the South, very humanlike.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Have you ever been on the receiving end of the chimpanzee’s aggression?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I’ve been dragged, hit, buffeted. It’s a chimpanzee trying to prove he’s stronger, which we know anyway, but they like to prove it. One — Fifi’s second son, Frodo — is a bully. He bullies other chimps, he bullies people, and especially bullied me. And it’s actually very scary because he’s the biggest, toughest, strongest chimp we’ve ever known. And it’s like being charged by a tank. There’s nothing you can do except pray, really. Hang on to a tree and hope.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>When you first came to the Gombe Stream, what were you hoping to find?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When I first got to Gombe we knew nothing really about chimpanzees in the wild, nothing at all. Not much about them in captivity, but nothing in the wild. And so everything I found was new. Everything was important, everything I wrote down in long journals. I would write it up every night, take out my little field notebooks. And it was after I’d been collecting information in this way for about 18 months that I got this letter from Louis Leakey saying that he wouldn’t always be around. He wouldn’t always be able to get money for me. I would have to stand on my own two feet, and that meant I had to get a degree. And there wasn’t time to mess with the B.A. I would have to go straight for a Ph.D. And he’d got me permission to do a Ph.D. in ethology at Cambridge University in England. Ethology? What did that mean? I hadn’t a clue. I’d never been to college. </span><span class="s1">There were no e-mails in those days. So I eventually found out it meant studying animal behavior. </span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I got to Cambridge, and I was quite excited but a bit nervous. I mean, you know, going in straight with never having been to college before to do a Ph.D. And to my horror, I was told I’d done everything wrong. I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names. They should’ve had numbers. I couldn’t talk about personality, mind and thought, and certainly not emotions, because they were confined only to the human. No animal. So why didn’t I capitulate? Why didn’t I go back and call David Greybeard “number one,” and Flo “number six” and Fifi “number 12” and so on? Because I thought back to my childhood, and there were two things which made a big difference to how I reacted to the professors at Cambridge. First, my mother. She always taught us that if you meet somebody who disagrees with you, the first thing to do is listen, then you think. And you really try and see whether what they’ve said is more true than what you have believed. And if you still feel that you’re right or partly right, then you must have the courage of your conviction. That’s one. Secondly, I thought of the teacher I had as a child who taught me absolutely that animals have personalities, minds and feelings, and that was my dog Rusty.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I had a wonderful supervisor, Robert Hind. And although at first he was my sternest critic, he came out to Gombe. He actually met the chimpanzees. He realized very quickly that this way of thinking about nonhuman animals, of the time, was very reductionist, and didn’t explain complex behavior at all. And he really taught me how to write in such a way that I couldn’t be torn apart by all these erudite scientists, this poor little naïve Jane who had no degree at all. And he taught me something, which I tell all the students that I come in contact with, because it’s so clever. I’d written that Fifi, Flo’s daughter, loved her new baby brother, and she was very jealous ’cause when the others would come she would bristle up, chase them away, making angry noises. And he said, “Jane, you can’t say she was jealous, ’cause you can’t prove it.” So I said, “Well no, I can’t. But I’m sure she was, so what shall I say?” He said, “I suggest you say: Fifi behaved in such a way that had she been a human child, we would say she was jealous.” That is very, very clever. It’s got me through my whole life.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>People who read your books feel connected to Flo and Fifi, as though they’d met them.</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: They wouldn’t feel connected to “number 12” and “number six.” No way.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Flo was particularly remarkable. Can you tell us about the maternal behavior that Flo displayed?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">One of my things I loved learning about the most is chimp maternal behavior, because we find, just as in human society, there’s good mothers and bad mothers. And the good mothers are affectionate. They’re tolerant. They’re protective but not overprotective. But most important, they’re supportive. So they’re prepared to risk being bashed themselves to go and support their child if that child gets into social difficulties. And those young ones tend to grow up to be assertive, to play an important role in the reproductive history of their community. The mothers have more offspring. The males tend to reach high rank. Whereas, the young ones of the less good mothers tend to find it difficult to make close, relaxed relationships when they’re adult. And they’re always a bit tense and nervous, although this decreases with age. And the females do not have as many babies, and the males tend not to be very high-ranking.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What did you learn from chimpanzee mothers that you incorporated into your own mothering?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When I had my precious baby, I thought that I was actually learning from Flo. I realized the importance of having a secure base, always being there for the child. Not punishing, but distracting until the child’s old enough to understand. But mainly, you know, being there, having this physical contact, playing with. I always determined, having watched chimpanzee mothers loving their children and having such fun, that I would have the same. And I was lucky, because I could have my son with me all the time. Although in most mornings I was doing whatever work I had to do, was doing a research station, but the afternoons were his. And in fact, I didn’t leave him the first three years for any night. Not once. And so, afterwards, thinking back over it, I realized, well, actually, my mother had brought me up in much the same way. So I don’t know whether I learned from Flo or learned from my mother subconsciously, because children with good mothers tend to be good mothers and those with bad mothers tend to be bad mothers.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">They’re not conscious of learning when they’re babies, but somehow it seems to come through. And of course today, human child psychology and psychiatry is pointing more and more to the importance of early experience in our own children, in the first couple of years of life. So I believe this is something which governments should put at the top of their agendas, and they don’t. Again and again, we find early childhood programs being cut, and this is the future. This is our future. If bad experiences in early childhood are at least partly responsible for some of the dysfunctional behavior of adolescence today, then it becomes very, very important to pay more attention to this.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So a woman has to go to work, so she’s got to leave the child. The husband’s working or there isn’t a husband. Some families can’t afford good daycare centers, and there is some question as to whether any daycare center can be really good. So we need to get together as a society to find a way of compensating the child for the fact that the mother isn’t always there. And we find it doesn’t need to be the biological mother. It’s got to be, I think, between one, three, four people that that child can build up a trusting relationship with. That’s the key thing. Somebody or some people, a little group, who can provide absolute security for the child. So a child knows that he can rely on them.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Is there anything you observed in chimpanzee communities that helped you to understand the motivation behind violence in humans?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Chimpanzees basically show aggressive behavior in much the same situations that we do. And yet, I think it’s only humans who can be capable of evil. To me, evil is premeditated. It’s deliberate. It’s thought-out ways of inflicting harm, whether it’s physical or mental. You know, we’re capable on the one hand of much worse aggression. But on the other hand, it works the same way. We can say, “Well, chimpanzees can be altruistic and so can we, but we can think it through.” So while a chimp may leap in to rescue a drowning infant, and a human being may do the same, a human being can act deliberately, knowing that whatever it is they’re doing will harm them in the future, but they do it anyway, whatever the consequences.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So we’re capable of worse behavior and more noble behavior. And basically it comes down to aggression for dominance. We like power for the sake of power. We want to dominate over our fellows. That’s a very human and chimp characteristic, particularly for the male. If we are female, we want the best for our child. We will fight to get the best for our child, whether we’re mistaken or not, but that’s what we think we’re doing. We fight over resources, whether it’s fruit or oil, but being humans we take it all a step further and we get into economic wars. Chimp warfare is like gang warfare, very much the same. I’ve talked to gang members, and they say, “Yeah, it’s much the same. We fight over territory.” We fight over resources, whatever it happens to be. But the sort of cold calculated wars in which we use weapons of mass destruction, they’re far beyond the capabilities of a chimpanzee. It doesn’t have the intellect. But I’d hate to say, if they did, they would be the same as us.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>In 1975, what did the chimp named Passion do that was unlike any other chimp behavior you’d seen?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: In 1975 came the shock of Passion, and her daughter Pom, killing and eating newborn babies of females in her own community. And over about four years, ten infants disappeared newborn, of which six we knew were victims of Passion and Pom. And I thought this was totally aberrant behavior. Then both Passion and Pom had their own babies and it stopped. But more recently, we’ve seen exactly the same with Fifi and her daughter Fannie. So it’s clearly some strange behavior. We do not understand it. But both Passion and Fifi (were) very high-ranking, otherwise, they couldn’t do it.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Who do you think harbors grudges more, male chimpanzees or females?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I think male and female probably harbor grudges equally, but sometimes it’s easier for a male to vent his rage immediately. He’s likely to be high-ranking. Females sometimes, if they’re in the presence of males, there’s nothing much they can do about it. But if it’s a young female, and her brother comes who’s higher-ranking than a male who’s perhaps attacked that female, she will remember for quite a long time, and then incite her brother or whoever it is to help her attack the male who hurt her.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Returning to Passion for one more minute. Why do you think she stopped killing infant chimpanzees?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Passion stopped killing infants because both she and her daughter got a small baby at the same time, so there was no way that they could act as a team. They were encumbered now by tiny babies.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Do you make a correlation between them killing infants and then having infants, other than the fact that there was just no time?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Adult males will kill an infant of a neighboring group, and even, on some occasions, have partially eaten that baby. But that’s to do with intercommunity aggression, and the mother is the one that they’re actually trying to kill. But within the community, these attacks seem to be like hunting, just like hunting a young monkey, so we have absolutely no idea why they do it. And the following day, the hunter, Passion or Fifi, may sit down peacefully with the mother whose baby they tried to kill the day before, or whose baby they have killed the day before. It’s very strange. And you know, there is so much we still have to find out about chimpanzees. So much.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Was there anything in the upbringing of these chimps that would make sense of this behavior?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: No. It doesn’t make sense. It’s nothing to do with how you were raised. I really don’t think so. I don’t know what it is. Maybe their newborn smells different and he’s not part of the community, therefore it’s a stranger. But then they eat it just like normal meat. It’s really bizarre.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>When chimpanzees hunt, is it opportunistic or is it deliberate?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Chimpanzee hunting can be opportunistic, like they come across a baby bush bok lying on the ground and they’ll catch it and kill it. Or it can be very deliberate, like seeing colobus monkeys on the other side of the valley. Hair bristling, reach out, touch each other, and set off on a hunt.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What about adoption or foster parenting among chimpanzees? How does that come about?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: There is a very, very close bond between siblings, because when a new baby is born the older child is about five but remains emotionally dependent on the mother, travels with her for at least the next three years usually, and maybe much longer. That means that the bond between mother and daughter and son gets stronger, but also the bonds between the brothers and sisters. And it turns out that this bonding between siblings is really important, because if a mother dies and leaves a child who’s older than three, and thus able to survive without milk, then if there’s an older brother or sister, that sibling will adopt the infant and then the infant has a chance of surviving. Because we’ve now had a good many cases where an infant will ride about on the back of the older brother or sister, sleep with them at night. The older one will share food with them. And the males are just as good caretakers as the females. We have occasionally had a non-related individual adopt and provide foster parenting for a motherless orphan, including a 12-year-old adolescent male who was not related — certainly not closely — to a three-and-a-quarter-year-old infant, and save that infant’s life. No question.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>If a one-year-old chimpanzee’s mother dies, that chimp will need milk in order to survive. Is adoption by nursing chimpanzees possible?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: There is one case from a study. I think it was in Ivory Coast, where a nursing mother did look after the baby of her friend, maybe a sister. We don’t know. But we haven’t seen that at Gombe. It’s certainly possible. And the closest we’ve come to it is a very peculiar series of events, where for three years running, a mother stole and looked after the baby of her daughter. Three years running, newborn baby within the first day of life. Gaia’s mother Gremlin stole Gaia’s babies, including twins. She couldn’t keep any of them alive. The second was stillborn, then came the twins. One lived for five days. One lived ten. But fortunately, just two weeks ago, I heard that Gaia has had another baby and this time she’s kept it and she’s together with her mother and all is well. So I’m really, really happy. Why Gremlin behaved that way? Again, it’s one of the mysteries we simply don’t know. Go and get surprises after 50 years!</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>When a three- or four-year-old chimpanzee’s mother dies, what is necessary? What elements are essential for a successful adoption among chimpanzees?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: The orphan, in order to survive, needs to be cared for by another individual who’s able to carry that child, to provide reassurance if necessary, to share food. But I think the most important thing is to try and guide the child away from socially roused adult males. Because when big males are in the middle of a charging display, when they’re in this dominance conflict, when they’re socially roused, if an infant gets in the way they’ll just pick it up and throw it. They lose all their inhibitions. So the adoptive foster parent will make sure that the infant keeps out of the way.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>How do chimpanzees respond to the death of another chimp in their clan?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: We’ve occasionally seen chimps responding to coming across the body of a dead adult. They seem very curious. They sniff the ground. They may climb up a tree, sniffing, pick up leaves and smell them. It’s as though they wonder, “How did this individual die?” or “Was there a leopard?” Because the leopard is the one predator that could kill them, although we’ve never seen this at Gombe. But they’re curious. They become very quiet. They don’t do any burial, nothing like that. They just quietly go away. The mother will carry the dead body of her baby for several days until it gets too smelly.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Flint’s response to Flo’s death was perhaps more extreme?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Flo’s son Flint was only four-and-a-half, which is very, very young, when his sibling was born. And we now know that all of Flo, Fifi, all of that family, they had very short inter-birth intervals, much shorter than usual, which is five to six years. And so Flint was very dependent when his little sister was born, and he still wanted to suckle. He insisted on riding on his mother’s back while she was carrying the new baby beneath. He insisted on pushing into the nest. And because Flo was old, teeth worn to the gums, she didn’t have the energy to push him away to independence. So when that new baby died, Flo herself was sick. It was some kind of flu. She then took Flint back as her infant after the baby died. And so Flint remained incredibly dependent. And when Flo died he was already eight years old, but it seemed that when Flo died his world came to an end. And he showed signs of clinical depression, immune system weak. He died within a couple of months of losing his mother.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Let’s go back to your own childhood. Where did you grow up?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I grew up in England. I was born in London. Then, when I was about five years old, my father wanted me to speak French. So he took a house in La Tuque, and I went there with my mother and my sister, who was about one year old. We were supposed to grow up learning French, but unfortunately the war began, World War II. So we all went to live with my mother’s mother in Bournemouth, which is on the sea in the south of England. That was where I spent the rest of my childhood, and that’s where my home still is today. The house now belongs to me and my sister. She lives there and I visit when I can.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Who were your parents?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: My mother in particular, played a really important role in my life. I think that most things I’ve done that I’m proud of, even a little bit, I can lay to the wise way that she raised me when I was a child. My father I didn’t really know. He went off fighting in the war. My parents divorced before the end of the war, so I didn’t really know him. I think from him I inherited a very strong constitution, which has been perfect to enable me to live the kind of life that I’ve lived.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">But it was my mother… you know, when I was a child I always loved animals, little worms and anything. When I was one-and-a-half years old, she came into my room one day and found I’d taken a whole handful of wriggly earth worms to bed with me. And instead of getting mad and saying, “Ugh! Throw these dirty things into the garden,” she said, “Jane, they’ll die.” So we gathered them up and took them back ourselves.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">When I was about four-and-a-half I was staying in the country, which is very exciting because we lived in London at that time. And I met cows and pigs and horses for the first time, and I had a job of helping to collect the hens’ eggs. Well that was fine. The hens were free and they were supposed to lay their eggs in these little wooden hen houses. And I was popping the eggs into my basket, but there’s the egg, so where on the hen did the egg come out? I couldn’t see a hole like that. And apparently, I was asking everybody and nobody told me, so I decided I must find out for myself. I remember so well. Okay, four-and-a-half, but I remember seeing a hen. She climbed up this little sloping plank into this house where she would spend the night, but they also had the nest boxes. And I followed. A mistake! Squawks of fear, she flew out. So this was not a safe place for a hen. I went to an empty hen house, hid in the straw at the back and waited, and waited, and waited, and the family had no idea where I was. They were all searching. The dusk was falling. My mother sees this excited little girl rushing towards the house all covered in straw. Instead of getting mad at me, you know, “How dare you go off without telling anyone?” — which would’ve killed the excitement — she saw my shining eyes and sat down to hear this wonderful story of how a hen lays an egg. So honestly, if you look at that story with hindsight, that has the makings of a little scientist. The curiosity, asking questions. You can’t find out by asking questions, you decide to find out for yourself. You do it wrong. You make a mistake but you don’t give up. You try again and you learn patience. It’s all there.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Who was Jubilee?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When I was about one-and-a-half years old my father bought me a stuffed toy chimpanzee. And Jubilee was made to celebrate the jubilee of the King and Queen, and he’s about life-sized, I mean about this size. He had a music box inside him. He was very realistic. I still have him today. He was my favorite toy. I think it’s coincidence that he was a chimpanzee, because I had already loved all animals. But it is just kind of strange that it’s a chimpanzee that I came to study and know so well.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Could you tell us about prosopagnosia? It’s difficult even to say.</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I can’t say it myself. </span><span class="s1">All through my life I’d been very embarrassed, because I find it very difficult to recognize people’s faces until I know them really well. So I can be with somebody for a day and meet them the next day. Unless they have a sort of unusual face, I may not know who they are and it’s really embarrassing. And it wasn’t until about 15 years ago that I met somebody else and we started talking about it. And I said, “You mean you can’t either?” And he said, “Yeah.” So I then wrote to Oliver Sacks, the famous neurologist and told him about this, and he said I have this. He told me its name. The common name is “face blindness,” and it’s a neurological condition. They’ve done some very in-depth investigations of some people with this. They tend to be rather brilliant people. The people they interviewed were two doctors. And some people have it so badly that they literally, after ten years, don’t recognize someone. And it can spill through into not knowing that your sense of direction is pretty bad. And there’s nothing you can do about it. So I usually make up for it by pretending to recognize everybody. And then, if they say, “But, we haven’t met before,” I say, “Well you look just like somebody I know.” You have to do something, but there’s nothing you can do about it. And since I wrote that in a book, in <i>Reason for Hope</i>, about this condition, so many people have said, “Thank you for saying (it). Now I know what’s wrong with me. I always felt so embarrassed.” So it’s helped a lot of people. </span><span class="s1">My sister also has it. My mother, absolutely not. She knew everybody.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Did your prosopagnosia — “face blindness” — make it more difficult to recognize individual chimps at first?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Yes, it did. It did take me longer to know the chimps too. But I haven’t got the most extreme form. Once I know somebody, I know them. But chimps are no easier than people. And the person who helped me realize that this was a condition is none other than our amazing videographer. I said, “Bill, do you mean it took you a while to recognize the chimps?” He said “Yeah.” He’s the one. And then I found more and more people with the same strange difficulty. Now I understand. It’s still embarrassing. So I find I’m looking for something. If I know I’m going to find somebody again, I’m looking for, you know, “Does she have a mole, or a hair growing on the end of her nose?” Does he have this, that or the other, you know? There are certain kinds of faces that are easy to remember. But then there’s others that really are not. I could meet you tomorrow and not immediately know you and you would be upset. You can’t help it. So I just know everybody.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Do you have a memory of your very first library?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I have a memory of a house that was always filled with books. We never called it a library, per se. It was after the war broke out, when I went to live with my grandmother and it was a whole household full of women, and every single room had a bookcase. My bedroom had a bookcase. The books I loved, which my mother always helped me to get, were <i>Dr. Doolittle</i>, and then I discovered Tarzan. I still have these books, books about explorers in Africa, books about animals. Always animals, animals, animals. But at first we couldn’t afford books. We had very little money. We couldn’t even afford a bicycle, let alone a motor car. So I would go to the library and I would take books out. And then if I loved them, I’d go and take them out again. And then I began to haunt second-hand book shops where you could buy books really cheaply, and that’s basically how I put together my books that I still have — poetry books, bits about philosophy. You can sort of see my changing interest as I grew older. But it was my mother who, you know, books were always so important. Once a week on Sunday we were allowed to read at the table. That was a treat. The only book that normally we could bring to the table was if the discussion led to an argument about something. We could go and fetch a dictionary or an encyclopedia, but otherwise it was a treat for Sunday. And I’ve just always loved books.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Was there one book in particular that influenced your direction in life?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: There was no one particular book. It was an accumulation. </span><span class="s1">I do remember the first Dr. Doolittle book. He rescues circus animals and takes them back on his boat to Africa. And they have all these adventures and that made a deep impression, taking these animals back to Africa. And then, of course, the Tarzan books. Well, this is nothing to do with — there was no television when I was young, so it was the books, and they were second-hand books. And I, of course, fell in love with Tarzan. I mean I was 11 years old, and you know little girls at 11 can passionately fall in love with fictional heroes. And then he goes and marries that other stupid Jane. I was really jealous. I know I’d have been a better mate for Tarzan myself, which I would’ve been. So that was really the time when I thought, “I will grow up, go to Africa, live with animals and write books about them.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">And everybody laughed. How would I do that? We didn’t have money. </span><span class="s1">Africa was still thought of as the dark continent. It was filled with poisoned arrows and savages and cannibals and things like that, dangerous wild animals. We didn’t have any money, as I’ve said. And there were no 747s going back and forth, no tourist industry, nothing like that, just these stories of explorers that I’d read, and Dr. Doolittle and Tarzan. But I think the reason that people really just thought I was crazy was because I was the wrong sex. Girls did not do that sort of thing back then. But again, it was my mother. “If you really want something, if you work hard, if you take advantage of opportunity, if you never, never give up, you will find a way.” That was her message. There was never a moment in my house, either with my mother, either of her sisters or my grandmother, where somebody said to me, “Well, you can’t do that. You’re a girl.” Outside the family, yes. Inside the family, no.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>It’s telling that you showed early signs of leadership in the Alligator Club. What was your role in that club?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Holidays in my childhood, two girls came to stay, one my age, one the age of Tootie, my sister. Their parents had been friends before the war. They’d gone off to the South of France and things like that, when there still was some money. So they came, and I was always telling them about nature. We went on nature walks, and I decided that we would have a magazine, and that we would have a club, and I called it the Alligator Club. Why? I have no idea why it was the Alligator Club but it just was.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Courtesy of It’s quite funny. I’ve got one of those magazines that I did still. I was nine years old, ten maybe, and I’d been reading this book which was my childhood bible, <i>The Miracle of Life</i>. It wasn’t written for children at all. It just went through evolution and everything like this. And I was drawing really complicated pictures of like the mouth parts of a mosquito. And these children who were all younger than me were — I’d draw it and label it in one issue, and they had to send the magazine back with answers. I would send out the next issue and they had to answer. It’s so funny. There’s no way an eight-year-old or a seven-year-old could possibly know this, but that was what I was asking them to do.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What kind of a student were you? Did you like school?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I absolutely hated school. I hated the sport, although I wasn’t bad at it. I liked the lessons that they’re learning. I liked the learning, but I didn’t like school. It was a girls school. I didn’t like being shut in. I didn’t miss boys. It didn’t have anything to do with boys. I just wanted to be out in nature. I did not want to be coped up in a school, so I lived for the weekends when I could go to riding school. I lived for the evenings when I could take my dog Rusty out walking on the cliffs. So no, I did not like school, but I was a very good student. I never came less than third in the end-of-term exams.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Did religion play a role in your childhood?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: My grandmother was married to a clergyman. He was like a Congregational minister. I never met him. It’s one of my real sadnesses. He died before I was born, of cancer. So my grandmother obviously had been to church with him. She used to go to church, not every Sunday. We didn’t really talk about religion that much, but the idea of God was just part of our life and I never thought much about it.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I had a tree in the garden I called Beech. I made a will which I made my grandmother sign, leaving me this tree in perpetuity. It was a beech tree and I used to climb up this tree. And when I was up there, I felt very close to the birds and the sky and the clouds. I used to take my homework up there. I used to go up with a book if I was sad. And somehow, the wind and the birds and the tree and the leaves and God were all intermingled as I was growing up. It was all kind of one, and I didn’t really question it.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Then when I was 15 I fell passionately and platonically in love with a “God’s man.” He was a Welshman. He had this beautiful Welsh voice. So then I would go to church every Sunday, twice in a Sunday, three times if I could, in the middle of the week if I could. And I would sit in the back gallery. He was a funny little man, really. Trevor Davies. And then I could not get enough of church. That’s when religion really meant something to me. It was quite an important part of my life, I think, because of him, but beyond him.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>You’ve mentioned the war a couple of times. What was the impact of World War II on your childhood?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: World War II was such an important part of my childhood. It changed everything. My father went off. He joined the army. My mother’s friends were being killed. We had to put blackout up in the windows every night. We weren’t in a war zone, that was London. We were down on the coast, but very often the bombers would drop their bombs if they hadn’t bombed anywhere before they flew across the Channel, because then if they were shot, it was safer for them. You know, because then they didn’t explode so easily. So we had bombs drop near us. But I think what really, really, really made an impact was at the end of the war, when the pictures of the Holocaust came into the newspapers. These living skeletons, these rows of dead bodies. It was utterly shocking, and that was the first time. I remember climbing up Beech and trying to work out in my mind about this good, wise God that had just been a part of my childhood without my really thinking about it, and this utter evil, this complete cruelty, and how to reconcile these two elements.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Dr. Goodall, all through your adolescence, you were called Valerie Jane. That changed when you graduated from high school. Was that a sort of re-identification of yourself?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I was called Valerie Jane all through my young childhood. Then I became known as V.J. because it was quicker, so I was V.J. In my riding school I was V.J., and at school I was V.J. I think I was about 13 or 14, something like that, when my mother discovered something she hadn’t known before. Valerie was the name of my father’s first girlfriend. It was dropped like that. I became Jane. So I was either V.J. or Jane from that moment on.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Did you study field biology in high school? Was there a supportive community for your ambitions?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When I was at school I did biology. I wanted to do zoology, but it was a very small school. There was nobody qualified to teach zoology, so the three of us who…I mean, we were told that I was the only one wanting to study zoology. It turned out there were two other girls as well. But there was nobody qualified to teach us zoology, so we did biology. Field biology hadn’t come, there was no such thing as field biology when I was in high school, so I did biology. I didn’t much like it. It meant dissecting fishes and things like that. I still wanted to go to Africa. If I couldn’t go to Africa then it would be Canada, or it would be South America, somewhere in wilderness areas. And that was the dream, but for girls, there was no career in that sort of thing. And when the career lady came to the school, and she heard that I wanted to go out and study animals in the wild, she just laughed and said, “That’s impossible. The best thing…” It was my mother talking to her, or no, it was my headmistress, I think, ’cause I was sick, and the headmistress questioned her. And she said, “No, no. Tell this child that we can arrange a nice career for her photographing pet dogs and cats.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>So you finished high school. What did you do for work in the years following graduation?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: When I left school, I was 18. I’d done really well in all my exams. My friends all went — most of them went — to the university, but we didn’t have enough money. And in those days you had to be good in a foreign language in order to get a scholarship. It was just after the war, and I wasn’t good in a foreign language. I still am not. So it was, again, my mother. She said, “Well, do a secretarial course, and then maybe you can get a job in Africa.” Well, that’s what I did. And the first job I had was in Oxford, working at the registry. So I actually got the whole idea of what it was like to be a student without any of the work. All my friends were students. And then I got a job in London with documentary films. Not secretarial at all. And that was amazing, so I learned all about the whole of making a film. And it’s been so useful to me in my life. And then I got this letter from a school friend inviting me to Kenya. That was the opportunity. And so I quit the job in London, couldn’t save money there. Went home, worked as a waitress. That was one way of getting some money.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">This was an old-fashioned family hotel, around the corner from us, by the seaside. People didn’t have much money, so after the war they came down from up north and they stayed for a week. So I had to work really hard for a week. All the other staff were professionals — professional wait people. And at first they resented me totally. And it was kind of bizarre because my uncle at the same time was presenting me at court to the Queen. So here I was. And anyway, the other waiters and waitresses thought that I would be snooty and just, you know, leave them in the lurch and go off if I felt like it, and go out to dinner with boyfriends, but I didn’t, you see. I took it seriously. I was going to do it. I was going to do it well. So they accepted me, and I learned all about these fascinating… they were all Irish Catholic. They’d come over and they were professionals. And I’d befriended — or I was befriended by — the wine waiter, who married the head waitress. And, you know, it was a whole new life, but it took about four or five months before I’d saved up enough wages and tips. And that was by telling all the people at my tables that I was saving up to go to Africa, so they gave me a little bit more, perhaps. And finally I had enough money. Got a return fare by boat, which was the cheapest. And so I was 23 years old. I said goodbye to family, friends and country, and set off on this amazing journey which, you know, has led me along the path that my life followed ever since.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>After you had begun your work in Africa, while you were studying at Cambridge, you began to create a permanent research center at Gombe Stream. What went into that effort? What were some of the obstacles that you encountered?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I’ll never forget the day when I suddenly realized I had to go back to continue at Cambridge to do another term. And I suddenly thought, “We don’t have to close the camp. We can find somebody. You will come and at least temporarily carry on.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">We found a young man that wanted to study micro fungi, and he came and took over and made a few observations. My cook made a few observations. It wasn’t scientific, but at least there was somebody there recording, you know, Goliath and David Greybeard and things like that. And then this worked so well that we asked the Geographic if they would find a student. And so the first student came out. I think it was 1964. And that was the beginning of a series of students, and building up a research center which eventually had connections with Cambridge University in the UK and Stanford in U.S.A. And it became a large multidisciplinary field station, very exciting, many students. And it was probably at its peak when suddenly one night it all came to an end with rebels from Congo coming over the lake, kidnapping four students, and taking them away to where we knew not. We didn’t know where they’d gone. We didn’t know who’d kidnapped them. It was absolutely devastating, and it could very well have brought the entire thing to a close.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>But you went on and created the Jane Goodall Institute. How did that come about?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: The Jane Goodall Institute was created by this wonderful woman, Princess Genevieve di San Faustino. And it was because, in 1975, when my students were kidnapped, I could not get the grants that I’d been getting before, because there was no Ph.D. in residence. It wasn’t allowed by the Tanzanian government after that kidnapping. And so it was Jenny who said, “Well, if we create a Jane Goodall Institute you can raise money yourself, and it can be a not-for-profit.” So basically it was created to raise the money to keep the research at Gombe going, but with the idea that it would also be intended in the future to raise money for conservation and for conservation education. So that’s why it was created. It was because it was the only way of getting the money that was necessary to keep going.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>It took a few years, didn’t it, for that to happen? What was the role of the Getty Endowment?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: The Getty Endowment. After creating the JGI, for a long time it just sat on paper, and I was still getting some money from Geographic and other such organizations, the Leakey Foundation. And then the National Geographic produced a film, <i>Among the Wild Chimpanzees</i>, and I thought, “Well, maybe we can use this.” Do premieres, maybe raise some money, maybe create an endowment so that I’m not always living hand-to-mouth, so that there can be some continuity of the Gombe research. So it won’t be, at the end of every year, “Will I be able to get money for the next year?” Let’s build up some kind of endowment or trust. So using that film, premiering that film, which the Geographic allowed me to do in five cities, I asked Gordon Getty if he would match the money that I could raise. And actually, he put a ceiling on it, which doesn’t sound much these days: a quarter of a million dollars. And I raised far more than that, but he wouldn’t match it up beyond the quarter million dollars.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>After more than 25 years with the chimpanzees at Gombe, you attended a conference in 1986 that was sort of a turning point in your professional career. Could you tell us about that?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: For several years I worked on writing a book, <i>The Chimpanzee of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior</i>, in which I was going to summarize the research results of the first 15, 20 years, whatever it was. And as I went in deeper and deeper into this, I realized that to write the kind of book that I probably should, I needed to learn all sorts of things which I would’ve learned had I been an undergraduate, which I had never learned, which had always made me feel a little bit at a disadvantage if I was talking to a real scientist. So the Ph.D., yes. But what about all this ground work, all this learning about endocrinology and things like that? So I taught myself these things in order to write the book, the things I felt I needed.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">And when the book was published, and I felt for the first time that I was the equal of these white-coated scientists in the labs and so forth, my great friend Paul Heltne — from the Chicago Academy of Sciences at that time — said, “Let’s have a conference to celebrate. This is the first really long-term book on one species.” And so we brought together, for the first time, chimpanzee researchers from all over Africa, and some noninvasive captive research like zoos and things. And during that four days, we had one session on conservation, and one on conditions and some captive situations, and those two sessions changed me totally.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I came out as an activist, because in that session on conservation, seeing right across Africa the destruction of habitat, seeing the beginning of the bushmeat trade, the commercial hunting of wild animals — including chimps — for food, the session on the secretly filmed footage in some of the medical research labs, utterly shocking. And now I have this new self-confidence, because of publishing that book and learning what I didn’t learn, know before. I came out as an activist. And since that day, I haven’t spent more than three weeks in any one place, except once when I tore the ligaments on both ankles and I needed an extra week or so to get better.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Since then I’ve been traveling the world, going in wider and wider circles, trying to raise awareness about the situation we’ve plunged the planet into, starting with the plight of the chimpanzees, learning more about the plight of the forest, realizing more about the problems of Africa. Realizing how many of those could be laid at the door of the developed world and our unsustainable lifestyles, and our greed in taking more of the resources than is our fair share, and the other elite communities around the world, including in Africa. Learning how everything is interrelated, learning more that made me realize, “Well, I have to spend time in the U.S., I have to spend time in Europe. I must spend more time in Asia.” So it’s become a ridiculous lifestyle, traveling 300 days a year.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I wouldn’t do it if it didn’t appear to be having an impact on the people who come to listen to my talks, trying to find time in between to write books, because I love writing books. I love sharing by writing and trying to use the gifts I was given. It’s not something you learn how to do, to be able to communicate. Yes, you can get better at it. But I always wanted to write books to share. And then I found that not only could I write books to share, which people wanted to read, but, but I could also give lectures that people wanted to come to, and it made an impact. And if they didn’t, I wouldn’t do them. I could go back to living in the forest, which is what I love. But how can I go and live in the forest when it’s disappearing? And I feel that maybe there’s something I can do, by inspiring others to take action so that we create, hopefully, a critical mass of people who think differently.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>There’s now a chimpanzee sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Can you tell us how that got started?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Yes, Tchimpounga. When I was learning about the plight of chimps across Africa, I was lured by the then-ambassador Dan Philips and his wife Lucy to Burundi, because the chimpanzee situation there was pretty grim. Chimps were being hunted in the then-Zaire and brought over the border. I met chimpanzees who’d been bought as pets or taken to hotels. We began confiscating them and set up a little temporary halfway house for chimpanzees, ready to move them into a more permanent sanctuary. And then Dan Philips and Lucy moved to Congo.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I went to Congo, and there, met for the first time, in the meat market, a little chimpanzee infant beside the cut up body of his mother. And we were able to go to the Minister of the Environment, who confiscated the chimp. And a woman living locally (Graziella Cotman) said she would look after him. And that led to a whole spate of confiscations. And Graziella’s infant family grew and no longer could she keep them in her home. So at that time, Conoco, the oil company, was working near Pointe Noire on the coast, and they agreed to build a sanctuary. And that sanctuary now has 141 orphaned chimpanzees, most of whose mothers have been eaten. And it’s a nightmare. We have to feed them. We are trying to put them out on some islands. We have to compensate the people living on the islands. We have to deal with the government. There are changes in regime which negate everything that we organize. We’ve worked out with one government and now we have to start all over again with a new government. And meanwhile it’s very, very expensive country. It was tied to the French franc for a long time, and it’s actually a nightmare. And this is just one of many sanctuaries in Africa for chimpanzees, for gorillas, other animals as well. I wish that we didn’t have to be involved with sanctuaries. I wish there was no need to be involved in sanctuaries. We have to build up endowments for them.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Dr. Goodall, can you tell me what happens when you see one chimp for sale in a cage or one chimp is taken out of the wild? What is the truth behind seeing that one chimp?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: It’s sad to say that for every baby chimp that one rescues, probably ten individuals have died. We don’t actually see most of the babies. They die on the scene of slaughter of the mother. Others are taken off into villages and raised by children as pets, but they will die too, or be eaten. And when a hunter shoots the mother, there may be other individuals in that community to come and attack the hunter, and they will be killed as well. So for every infant chimpanzee that survives to be bought, to be rescued, at least ten will have died. And it means that — whereas, when I began in 1960, there were around, well between one and two million chimpanzees in Africa — today there’s no more than 300,000 max, and they’re spread over 21 nations, many of them in small isolated pockets of forest with just about no chance of long-term survival.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>And those 21 different countries are not talking to each other about a conservation effort?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: There is no unified agreement between the different countries with the chimpanzees. There are organizations that are persuading each of those countries. That’s GRASP, the Great Apes Survival Plan of UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme). GRASP is going around to all the different governments, getting them to sign a great ape management plan. But creating laws and implementing those laws are two different things. While in some respects, I think we’re moving closer to solutions, in other respects we’re losing ground.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">This bushmeat trade is the commercial hunting of wild animals for food. It’s not to feed hungry people, it’s to make money. And when the logging companies — the foreign logging companies — have moved in and made roads, the hunters from the towns follow and they shoot everything. In the old days, subsistence hunters didn’t do that. They didn’t shoot a mother with her baby. What’s the point? That means in the long run you will be harming your own future. But today, yes, shoot a mother with a baby and shoot an elephant, a gorilla, a chimpanzee, an antelope, a bird, a bat, anything that can be cut up and smoked or sundried, and trucked in on the logging truck to the markets to be shipped out, sometimes overseas. And it’s totally unsustainable. And not only is it unsustainable for the animal populations, but the people living in the forest who were subsistence hunters, who’d lived in harmony with the forest for hundreds and hundreds of years, now they face a damaged future as well.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Can you tell us about the TACARE reforestation education project?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: TACARE (Take Care) was started to sustain villages that border existing wildlife programs. It supports their coexistence by creating alternate forms of revenue via education, water sanitation, family planning and HIV-AIDS education.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Can you tell us how that program started and what it’s doing now?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: One of the film teams that’s always coming to film the Gombe chimps wanted to fly over the whole area in the small plane, and I went with them. And although I knew there was deforestation outside the park, I had not realized that it was total until that day, and looking down, seeing more people living on the land than it possibly could support. Seeing how this had led to soil erosion, led to bare, almost desert-like situations, where there had been forest when I arrived. Realizing that the Gombe National Park was a tiny 30-square-mile island of forest, surrounded by completely bare farmland. Realizing people were struggling to survive. Questioned how can we even try to save these precious chimpanzees — of which, by then, early ’90s, there were not many more than a hundred — when all the surrounding people are having such a difficult time. So that led to our Take Care program. And that, from the very beginning, was holistic, designed to improve the villagers’ lives in many different ways. Everything from tree nurseries to reforestation to regeneration of existing forest, farming methods best suited for the degraded land, ways of restoring fertility to the soil without pesticides.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Gradually getting money from other organizations, so that we could include water supplies, better sanitation, school rooms for the over-populated schools, dispensaries, encouraging the government to supply and staff the dispensaries that we built. Working with groups of women, providing microcredit opportunities so they could start their own environmentally sustainable development programs. Providing scholarships for girls to keep them in school, realizing that all around the world, as women’s education improves, family size drops. Working specifically with women, and providing information about family planning, very important. If you’re going to grow more food, you’re going to have more babies. If you have more babies, the situation will continue deteriorating. So family planning and HIV-AIDS education. And at the beginning, working with George Strunden, this wonderful man who designed the project, everyone said, “You’ve got to focus. You can’t do everything.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">George and I felt strongly that everything was interconnected. There was no point dealing with health unless you dealt with the environment. There was no point dealing with water programs unless you’re also dealing with food, and so on. And it’s been one of the most successful programs of it’s kind in Africa. We’re replicating it. And I think one reason for its success is, never did white people go into a village and say, “Well, you’ve got yourselves in a mess. This is what we’re going to do to help you.” It was a Tanzanian team from the very start. We still have that same team today, all these years later, who went into the village and sat down in the traditional African way to listen to the problems and to ask the people what they thought would make their lives better. And what was it? Was it conservation? No. It was education for their children and health. So that’s where we began, working with local Tanzanian authorities.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">The Jane Goodall Institute employs this wonderful young man, Lilian Pintea, who has state-of-the-art technology when it comes to creating maps. Satellite imagery, GIS, GPS, teaching the local people to use this complex technology, working with Digital Globe that supplies the imagery for Google Earth, creating these maps, so that people for the first time, they can see, “Here is my house. Here is his house. This is where our village boundary is.” Helping them to make the maps required by the Tanzanian government for village land use, which sets in stone: this percentage will be for agriculture, this percentage will be for whatever. Including a minimum of ten percent of land for conservation. So because they love TACARE so much, they’ve sat down with Lilian and worked their conservation areas into a kind of corridor, so that all this land that was treeless six years ago now has trees that are about 20-foot high. And I’ve stood and looked at it. And this is just allowing the seemingly dead stumps to regenerate, that’s what it’s taken. The land is resilient. And now, the chimpanzees will have an opportunity to once again move out and interact with other remnant groups, which may be able to move into this new area and be safe.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Where do you find the balance between limiting medical testing on chimpanzees and the importance of disease research to humankind?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: It turns out that the vast percentage of animal experimentation has not benefited human health or animal health. And there is a whole body of research growing into ways of conducting medical experimentation, pharmaceutical testing, without using any live animals. When it comes to chimpanzees — because they’re so like us, because their DNA differs from ours by only just over one percent, because you could have a blood transfusion from a chimp if you match the blood groups, because the immune system is so like ours that they can catch or be infected with all known human diseases, because the brain is so like ours that it’s just almost the same but a bit smaller — they have been used as guinea pigs, to learn about diseases which otherwise are unique to us. Very little of that research has actually led to results that have benefited us.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Thousands have been used for HIV research, because you can put the human HIV 1 and HIV 2 into a chimp’s blood, and the virus will stay alive, but the chimps don’t get the symptoms of full-blown human AIDS. It has been established that HIV 1 and 2 came from two different chimp populations where a retrovirus mutated. It started off as the chimpanzee version of simian AIDS. But the research in the labs hasn’t led to anything very useful in HIV/AIDS research.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">It’s basically been stopped. And it was one of the two who discovered the HIV retrovirus — Bob Gallo and Luc Montagnier — it was Bob Gallo who actually said at one of his big AIDS conferences in Arusha, Tanzania, “I am boxed in by inappropriate results from research on chimpanzees.” He said that. He had done it himself, but that’s what he said. And so, fortunately, because of the animal rights movement, there has been a flurry of research into alternatives. Computer simulation, cell culture, tissue culture, even organ culture. All kinds of things which are new ways of looking at disease and cures.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So there needs to be a new mindset, that the moment the animal researchers, the animal experimenters will say — and they do say — “We do admit that animals feel pain…” most of them say that now, and therefore, we use as few as possible and treat them as well as possible. We use them as far down the evolutionary scale as we can, but we’ll always have to use some. I want us to say something different. I would rather we said, “We now admit that this research into animals, because what we know about what animals are, who they are, is inappropriate. It’s cruel for the animal. It’s very often torture from their perspective. So let’s get together around the world, with these extraordinary brains that we have, and find ways of doing without them altogether as soon as we can.” Now it’s very different to work towards a goal to eliminate animals than it is to say, “Well, we’ll always need some, but we’ll try and use less.” That’s two different goals. And the goal that I want will say, “Okay. If that’s the goal, then let’s have some Nobel Prizes for these alternatives to animals.” Let’s have scientific approval instead of establishment pushing away, because they want to do things the way they’ve always been done, because it’s a multibillion dollar industry.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>One of the issues that the Jane Goodall Institute has brought to the world’s attention is the conditions under which animals are kept in captivity.</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: The first time I went into a medical research lab, I was so shocked. I was so upset. I couldn’t believe what I was seeing. Little chimpanzees rocking from side to side in cages that were like microwave ovens, with a little slit of a window, and otherwise, just steel with air going through a vent. And when the doors opened, there was this chimpanzee with dead eyes rocking from side to side like this. And there were many of them in this condition. And there were monkeys in tiny cages going from side to side, from side to side, up and around. It was totally shocking. And although I knew about it, I wasn’t prepared for what I saw. And that changed me completely and totally, and I realized that — never mind the ethics of using them or not to study human diseases or cures — the conditions in which they’re kept, these conditions were totally, totally, totally inappropriate and absolutely inexcusable.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">The first thing that I did after that visit was to sit down with all the — it was the National Institutes of Health people. The top ones came for this visit, and I always sat at a table, and there was coffee on the table. And my mind was just reeling. I think I was probably trying not to cry. And there was dead silence. And I looked up, and I saw they were all waiting for me to say something. It was one of those terrible moments when, you know, what could I say with this emotion that was surging around inside me? And I said, “Well, I think every caring and compassionate human being will feel the same as I do about seeing animals in these conditions.” It was actually brilliant, because if they disagreed with me they were basically saying they weren’t caring, compassionate human beings. But at any rate, that led to the very first of the meetings between the medical research people, the veterinarians and the welfare people. And I got a lot of flack from animal rights people who believed I shouldn’t be sitting around the table talking, that this was compromising my values to talk to them. How can you change people’s attitudes if you don’t talk to them? And in fact that lab, which was at that time called SEMA, was under the new directorship of a man who decided eventually that everything in the lab was wrong. Changed it completely. I talked to him last week. He said, “Jane, please come back. I really, really, really want you to see what we’ve done now.” He said, “You said last time you came it was better.” He said, “Now, I think you will really approve and appreciate of what we’ve done.” He said, “Yeah, we still have the chimps there, but it’s completely different.” So you know, that was the first.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Those were all young chimps. Then I went to the LEMSIP, the lab in New York State, up in New York State, and that was the first time I saw chimpanzees, adult chimpanzees, in these five-foot by five-foot cages. And I was led in by the veterinaries. This lab, by the way, is closed now. There’s none of the chimps left. And I was led into this torture chamber by the veterinarian, and he introduced me to Jo-Jo. He said Jo-Jo is very gentle. And he left me there, and I had to put on this white mask. I had gloves and a cap, and booties and a white coat. And I knelt down and looked at Jo-Jo. And if he’d been angry and mad, it might have been easier to bear, but he wasn’t. He just had this slightly puzzled look in his eyes like, you know? And I just couldn’t help thinking of the chimps at Gombe, their nests and the breeze and the stars in the sky. And what’s he got? He’s got bad concrete, no, he had iron bars on the floor, iron bars all around. One tire, motor tire; that was it. That was all that was in that cage. Nothing else. And so tears began to trickle down under my mask and he just reached out, this gentle finger and wiped them away, and sniffed his finger and wiped them away. And then the veterinarian came. He knelt down beside me and put his arm around me. He said, “I have to face this every day.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">And that was where I realized that the people working in the labs, they’re either completely hard and they stay because they don’t care, or they leave if they can’t take it. Most of them leave. Or they stay because they feel that they can do something for the chimps by staying, at least provide some friendship. It was one of those moments that you can never forget, and it just makes you go on struggling and doing what you can. A lot of those labs are now closed. Many more can be closed, but then those chimps all have to have sanctuaries. Money has to be raised, but it can be done. The chimps are not really being used much anymore.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Don’t they have to be taught how to be chimps again once they leave that environment?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Once you take a chimp away from the mother and put them in these isolation cages, even if they hear each other across the corridor, they don’t know how to be chimps. But you know, the lack of understanding is such… the best example I have was Bob Gallo. I’d heard there were some chimps kind of secretly in one of these places near Washington. And I said, “I can’t get in there but you can, and I’ve heard there are some chimps, so could you go and see for me?” And he said yes, he would, and he did. And he describes walking with the director of that lab down a long corridor, rather dim and dark. And he said, “Jane, it was so many animals. There were dogs barking.” He said, “I never realized. I’d never been to a place like that before.” Because the scientists don’t. They sit in their lab and they say, “I want this much blood from that kind of a chimp or that kind of a dog,” or whatever it is. They don’t see with their eyes what this is doing.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I said to Rob Gallo, “You know, you can’t ask for things like this from a chimpanzee and not go and see the chimpanzee, to know what it’s like, to know what you’re doing, to know the condition this animal is living in, to see the stress which is probably affecting the immune systems which you are trying to study.” At any rate, back to this long corridor, he’s following the director and the director’s trying to hurry him along. And Gallo sees these soap bubbles and he stopped. And again, the Director kind of tried to move him on. And Bob said, “Well, what’s that?” And the Director said it’s a soap bubble. He said, “Yes. I can see it’s a soap bubble, but what’s it doing here?” So anyway, he went back. Gallo went back. And there he said, “I saw this extraordinary scene.” There was a very narrow room, and there was a chimpanzee, and it was rocking from side to side and banging its head on the wall like this. And there was a young woman in a white coat blowing soap bubbles. And so he said, “I said to the Director, well, what’s she doing? And the Director said she’s blowing soap bubbles.” And Gallo said, “I can see she’s blowing soap bubbles. Why is she blowing soap bubbles?” “Well there’s all this new directive we’ve had. Jane Goodall’s been creating… you know, we have to enrich the lives of these chimpanzees.” So yes. Chimps living in sort of relatively freedom, love chasing soap bubbles. You know, if you have them in a good zoo or something like that, they think it’s fun. This chimp is mentally deranged. It’s like going into some kind of place where very, very disturbed people are. They wouldn’t care two hoots about soap bubbles. So the ignorance, unbelievable ignorance. It boggles the mind, and it shows how much work there is to be done. And you know, the only way is to get into people’s hearts. It’s the only way. It doesn’t work through the head.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What do you see as the future for conservation?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: There are so many problems facing conservation, whether it’s in the developed world or the developing world. And it’s very hard to know how this is all going to end. I think that we are up against the vested interests of big business. And when money starts speaking, its tough. We’re up against corrupt governments, and I don’t mean just in the developing world. But some of the worst corruption is in the developed world. We’re up against expanding human populations. We’re up against extreme poverty, which is in rural areas. One of the most damaging of all, of course, is of environmental destruction, because people are desperately trying to live and grow food and cut down more trees to grow more crops. And they get too many goats, and they get this terrible, terrible, terrible desertification. And then we’re up against the unsustainable lifestyles of most of us. We take far more than our fair share. So the only way that I can see that we can succeed, whether it’s conserving chimpanzees or anything else, is to have a different mindset.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">I could be bashing my head against the wall like a crazy chimp to try and raise awareness about these issues. If we’re not raising new young people to be better stewards than we’ve been, there’s no point. So our youth program, Roots and Shoots, for me, is perhaps the most crucial thing I have left to offer during the rest of my life.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">It began because, as I was traveling — raising awareness about chimpanzee conservation, traveling in Europe, traveling in America, traveling in Africa, India, Asia, wherever — I kept meeting young people who seemed to have lost hope, who seemed to be depressed or angry or just apathetic. And basically, they were saying, “We feel this way because we feel you’ve compromised our future and there’s nothing we can do about it.” We <i>have</i> compromised their future. I’ve got three grandchildren. I look at them, think how we’ve harmed the world since I was their age, and I feel this desperation. But it’s not true that there’s nothing that can be done.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Roots and Shoots is about hope. Imagine a little seed, acorn, going to grow into a huge tree. Tiny little white roots come out. Tiny little white shoot comes out, and you pick it up and it looks so tiny, so weak. But the life force in that seed is such that those roots — to reach the water — can work through boulders and eventually knock them aside. And that little shoot — to reach the sunlight — can work its way through crevices in a brick wall until the wall falls. So think of the boulders and the walls as all the problems, environmental and social, that we’ve inflicted on the planet. It’s hope. Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world can break through and can make this a better world — young people who are understanding of the problems and empowered to take action. But the message is that every one of us makes a difference every day, that we can’t live through a day without impacting the world. Understanding, spending time learning about and thinking about the consequences of the little choices we make each day, and how they will affect the environment, how they will affect animals and the human community. And this does lead to small changes in our behavior, because I have seen it again and again.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So Roots and Shoots began in Tanzania. It’s now in 111 countries. It began with 12 high school students on my veranda, overlooking the Indian Ocean, talking about the problems of the destruction of the coral reefs and poaching and cruelty to animals, and realizing that we’re animals too, and that the chimpanzee was like a link between the animal kingdom and us, us and the rest of the animal kingdom. And I said to them, “Well, don’t you have wildlife clubs in your schools?” “Yes, we do.” “Well, aren’t they working?” “No, they’re not.” “What do they teach you about? What do they talk about?” “Poaching of elephants.” “How many of you have seen an elephant?” Only two out of 12, the wealthy Asian Tanzanians. “Well you’ve all seen a chicken?” “Yes.” “You’ve seen a chicken carried to market with the wings behind the back, or with the feet tied on a pole, with their little heads coming up ’cause they didn’t like being upside down?” “Yes.” “Do you think it hurts them? You think they mind?” And they thought about that, decided, yeah, not as much as it would hurt a human, but it would hurt them. “Well, does it matter? They’re going to market. Maybe they’re going to be eaten.” They talked about that. “Yes. We think that if they mind, even if they’re going to be eaten, we shouldn’t do it like that.” “So would you like to, you know, form a club and talk about these things and talk about the deforestation and the dynamiting and so forth for the fish?” “Yes.”</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So they went back to their nine different schools. They found friends who were interested in the same things. We met together once every two weeks or so when I was still living in Tanzania most of the time.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So from the beginning, Roots and Shoots has been youth-driven. They choose the projects. But every group is choosing projects: one to help people, one to help animals — including domestic animals — and one to help the environment, with a theme of “Let’s learn to live in peace and harmony, between family, community, between the cultures and religions and nations, between us and the natural world.” And so every group chooses these three projects, and these three projects are leading to the breakdown of the barriers we build between people in these different categories. It’s now got programs for preschool right through university. It’s even appearing in prisons and among senior citizens. It’s jumping into staff of major corporations. It’s what gives me hope, and what gives me energy to carry on. The shinning eyes. “Dr. Jane, we want to show you what we’ve done to make the world a better place. We want to tell you what we’re doing to make the world a better place and what we plan to do.” Contact between different countries. Contact between different religions. Contact between different cultures. Learning to find your roots in nature, and reaching out to partner with other groups who think the same way, to create a critical mass of young people who understand that life is about more than just making money, that we need different values to be happy.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Dr. Goodall, what do you hope will be one of the big achievements in the next quarter century?</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: I hope that one of the next achievements in the next quarter century is the spreading of understanding around more and more countries involving more and more people. Maybe it will be through the Internet. Maybe it will be through the program where each child gets a computer. Maybe it will be through the development of Roots and Shoots and like programs linking together to create this critical mass of youth with different kinds of values. But if we don’t get that, then I think during the next quarter of a century we will see the world deteriorating, and everything that we’re working for today, perhaps, to be of little value. But don’t believe that’s going to happen. You know my reasons for hope. The human brain. We’re coming up with some many innovative ways of doing things better. We’re thinking of ways that we can leave lighter footprints ecologically. The resilience of nature — give it a chance — can be restored. Animals on the brink of extinction can get a second chance. The indomitable human spirit, the people who tackle impossible tasks and won’t give up. And then this incredible energy and commitment and dedication and courage of young people, when they know what the problems are, and they are empowered to act. This gives hope.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Thank you for sitting down with us, Dr. Goodall.</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Jane Goodall: Thank you.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>It’s been a gift.</b></span></p> </div>  </aside>  <div class="read-more__toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#full-interview"><a href="#" class="sans-4 btn">Read full interview</a></div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">Dame Jane Goodall Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>53 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5079365079365" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_44.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall making "be quiet" gesture. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_44" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_44-252x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_44-504x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65657894736842" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall pant-hooting with chimpanzee. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_40" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40-380x250.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_40-760x499.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall sitting with three chimpanzees. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_38" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_38-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66052631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_36.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall sitting with a chimpanzee. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_36" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_36-380x251.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_36-760x502.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.64868421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_35.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall with a chimpanzee. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_35" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_35-380x247.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_35-760x493.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67105263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_33.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall sitting in the forest. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_33" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_33-380x255.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_33-760x510.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_32.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_32" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_32-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_32-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.484375" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_31.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall standing in the forest. (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_31" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_31-256x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_31-512x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66052631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_30.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_30" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_30-380x251.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_30-760x502.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65526315789474" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_29.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall (Michael Neugebauer/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_29" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_29-380x249.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_29-760x498.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.775" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_26.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall in 1964. (Hugo van Lawick/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_26" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_26-380x295.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_26-760x589.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73552631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_25.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall making notes. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_25" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_25-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_25-760x559.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_24.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane walking on a log bridge. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_24" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_24-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_24-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_11.jpg" data-image-caption="Airplane flying over Lake Tanganyika. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_11" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_11-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_11-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_08.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall observing chimpanzees. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_08" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_08-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_08-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73421052631579" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_07.jpg" data-image-caption="Fifi and infant chimpanzee. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_07" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_07-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_07-760x558.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_04.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall with a chimpanzee. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_04" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_04-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_04-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_03.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall with an orphaned chimpanzee. (Science Museum of Minnesota/Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees)" data-image-copyright="goodall_03" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_03-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goodall_03-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.501976284585" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-looking-up-at-chimpanzees-in-tree-589755.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall watching chimps resting in a tree at Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. (Hugo Van Lawick)" data-image-copyright="goo1-goodall-looking-up-at-chimpanzees-in-tree-589755" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-looking-up-at-chimpanzees-in-tree-589755-253x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-looking-up-at-chimpanzees-in-tree-589755-506x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4872798434442" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-616406.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall and a photographer observe a family of chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania (Hugo Van Lawick)" data-image-copyright="goo1-goodall-616406" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-616406-256x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-goodall-616406-511x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.171032357473" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall's father gave her a stuffed toy chimpanzee called Jubilee for her first birthday. It became her favorite toy, foreshadowing her life's work. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-046-goodall-baby and monkey IMG00465" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465-324x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-046-goodall-baby-and-monkey-IMG00465-649x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0119840213049" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-045-goodall-family-seated-IMG00424-1.jpg" data-image-caption="Mortimer Morris-Goodall of the Royal Engineers poses for a last picture with his family before leaving for service in World War II. Jane is seated at left, with her mother, Vanne, and her sister, Judy. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="Photo from My Life with the Chimpanzees book by Jane Goodall" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-045-goodall-family-seated-IMG00424-1-376x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-045-goodall-family-seated-IMG00424-1-751x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.675" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-044-goodall-jane-on-horse-IMG00446.jpg" data-image-caption="Eight-year-old Jane did chores at a stable near her home in Bournemouth to pay for riding lessons. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="IMG00446" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-044-goodall-jane-on-horse-IMG00446-380x256.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-044-goodall-jane-on-horse-IMG00446-760x513.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2258064516129" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot.jpg" data-image-caption="Young Jane Goodall loved animals, books, and books about animals. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a pensive shot" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot-310x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-040-goodall-scannedfrombook-a-pensive-shot-620x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.484375" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818.jpg" data-image-caption="Louis Leakey (1903-1972), the pioneering paleoanthropologist who mentored a generation of scientists in East Africa, including Jane Goodall. (Photo by Melville B. Grosvenor/National Geographic/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818-256x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-038-goodall-leakey-GettyImages_80149818-512x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4814814814815" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-036-goodall-ngm196512_831a_rt.jpg" data-image-caption="In her field notebooks, Jane Goodall meticulously recorded the daily lives of the chimpanzees of Gombe. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-036-goodall-ngm196512_831a_rt" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-036-goodall-ngm196512_831a_rt-256x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-036-goodall-ngm196512_831a_rt-513x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4990138067061" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall found that wild chimpanzees experience emotions much like those of human beings. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole-253x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-035ngm196512_831a_lole-507x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2.jpg" data-image-caption="As the dangers to the wild chimpanzee have increased, Jane Goodall has become more involved in efforts to find sanctuary for these endangered creatures. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-032-goodall-ngm196512_812-2-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.63947368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825.jpg" data-image-caption="This chimpanzee trusted Jane Goodall enough to allow her to groom him. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825-380x243.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-031-goodall-ngm196512_825-760x486.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4671814671815" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-028-goodall-300147.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall gradually won the trust of the Gombe chimps, enabling her to study their behavior up close. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-028-goodall-300147" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-028-goodall-300147-259x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-028-goodall-300147-518x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5049504950495" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838.jpg" data-image-caption="The encampment on Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, where Jane Goodall began her study of the wild chimpanzees, accompanied by her mother. (Photo by Hugo van Lawick, National Geographic Society)" data-image-copyright="goo1-027-goodall-27838" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838-252x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-027-goodall-27838-505x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66184210526316" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall addressing the delegates at the 2009 Summit in South Africa. Her stuffed toy, Mr. H, is behind her." data-image-copyright="Jane Goodall speaking to the Academy of Achievement. Her stuffed toy chimpanzee, a favorite toy of her childhood, is seated behind her." data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849-380x251.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-025-Goodall-IMG_5849-760x503.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5932914046122" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-024-goodall-In-the-Shadow-of-Man-high-res.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall's 1971 book, "In the Shadow of Man," describes the lives of the Gombe chimps in detail, including the impact of human intervention on their shrinking environment." data-image-copyright="goo1-024-goodall-In the Shadow of Man high res" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-024-goodall-In-the-Shadow-of-Man-high-res-239x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-024-goodall-In-the-Shadow-of-Man-high-res-477x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5079365079365" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall shared her experiences with a new generation of readers in her 1988 autobiography, "My Life with the Chimpanzees."" data-image-copyright="goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000-252x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-023-goodall-CCF08172009_00000-504x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-022-goodall-IMG_5869.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall addresses the Academy of Achievement at Singita Sabi Sand Game Reserve in South Africa. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-022-goodall-IMG_5869" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-022-goodall-IMG_5869-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-022-goodall-IMG_5869-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4990138067061" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-020-goodall-IMG_6147.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall takes questions from students during the International Achievement Summit. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-020-goodall-IMG_6147" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-020-goodall-IMG_6147-253x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-020-goodall-IMG_6147-507x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-019-goodall-IMG_6191.jpg" data-image-caption="Dame Jane Goodall in an informal discussion with the Academy's student delegates. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-019-goodall-IMG_6191" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-019-goodall-IMG_6191-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-019-goodall-IMG_6191-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108.jpg" data-image-caption="Dame Jane Goodall makes an inspiring address to student delegates during the 2009 International Achievement Summit. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-018-goodall-IMG_6108-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-017-goodall-IMG_5862.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall addresses the Academy of Achievement at Singita Sabi Sand Game Reserve in South Africa. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-017-goodall-IMG_5862" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-017-goodall-IMG_5862-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-017-goodall-IMG_5862-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67763157894737" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-016-goodall-IMG_5447.jpg" data-image-caption="Actor Jeremy Irons meets Dame Jane Goodall at the 2009 International Achievement Summit. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-016-goodall-IMG_5447" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-016-goodall-IMG_5447-380x257.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-016-goodall-IMG_5447-760x515.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4990138067061" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-015-goodall-IMG_5418.jpg" data-image-caption="Dame Jane Goodall, during the 2009 International Achievement Summit in South Africa. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="goo1-015-goodall-IMG_5418" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-015-goodall-IMG_5418-253x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-015-goodall-IMG_5418-507x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73552631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20.jpg" data-image-caption="A Roots and Shoots gathering. Roots and Shoots is the Jane Goodall Institute’s global youth-led community action program, comprised of thousands of young people inspired by Dr. Jane Goodall to make the world a better place. The program builds on the legacy and vision of Dr. Goodall to place the power and resources for creating practical solutions to big challenges in the hands of young people.(Science Museum of Minnesota Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees) " data-image-copyright="goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-roots-and-shoots-goodall_20-760x559.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.477508650519" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-007-goodall-OTH0051-2-lores.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall and her mother, Vanne, in their tent by Gombe Stream, 1960. (Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-007-goodall-OTH0051-2 lores" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-007-goodall-OTH0051-2-lores-257x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-007-goodall-OTH0051-2-lores.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.71428571428571" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-goodall-original-RS0145_19-low-res.jpg" data-image-caption="Dr. Jane Goodall speaks at the 2006 Roots and Shoots Peace Day celebration in Griffith Park, Los Angeles. (Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="Jane Goodall, International Peace Day" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-goodall-original-RS0145_19-low-res-380x271.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-009-goodall-original-RS0145_19-low-res.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.71825396825397" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-008-goodall-low-res.jpg" data-image-caption="Today, Jane Goodall travels 300 days a year, lecturing and promoting wildlife conservation. Here she speaks to a crowd at the Huntington Library and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, California. (Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-008-goodall- low res" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-008-goodall-low-res-380x273.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-008-goodall-low-res.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.76190476190476" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-006-goodall-OTH0049-21-low-res.jpg" data-image-caption="The chimpanzee known as David Greybeard visits Jane Goodall in camp. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-006-goodall-OTH0049-21 low res" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-006-goodall-OTH0049-21-low-res-380x290.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-006-goodall-OTH0049-21-low-res.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66944444444444" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-005-goodall-OTH0049-1-lores.jpg" data-image-caption="In her first months at Gombe, Jane Goodall could only observe the chimpanzees from a distance. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-005-goodall-OTH0049-1 lores" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-005-goodall-OTH0049-1-lores.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-005-goodall-OTH0049-1-lores.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67063492063492" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-004-goodall-LT0125-06-low-res.jpg" data-image-caption="Dame Jane Goodall plants trees at the Shanghai Zoo, with young members of her Roots and Shoots conservation program. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-004-goodall-LT0125-06 low res" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-004-goodall-LT0125-06-low-res-380x255.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-004-goodall-LT0125-06-low-res.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-003-goodall-GOODALL-AT-UN-LT00037.jpg" data-image-caption="In 2002, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan named Jane Goodall an international Messenger of Peace. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="Jane @ UN Messenger of Peace Event" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-003-goodall-GOODALL-AT-UN-LT00037-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-003-goodall-GOODALL-AT-UN-LT00037-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66184210526316" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-002-goodall-jane-blue-shirt-in-crowd-AP0217-11.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall meets with TACARE conservation workers in Tanzania. (Courtesy of Jane Goodall Institute)" data-image-copyright="goo1-002-goodall-jane blue shirt in crowd AP0217-11" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-002-goodall-jane-blue-shirt-in-crowd-AP0217-11-380x252.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-002-goodall-jane-blue-shirt-in-crowd-AP0217-11-760x503.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-001-goodall-IMG_6204.jpg" data-image-caption="Dame Jane Goodall in South Africa in 2009." data-image-copyright="Dame Jane Goodall in South Africa in 2009." data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-001-goodall-IMG_6204-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/goo1-001-goodall-IMG_6204-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4757281553398" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/g001-goodall-in-the-trees-113679.jpg" data-image-caption="Jane Goodall, with binoculars, climbs the trees to better view the chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. (Hugo Van Lawick)" data-image-copyright="g001-goodall-in-the-trees-113679" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/g001-goodall-in-the-trees-113679-257x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/g001-goodall-in-the-trees-113679-515x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.60131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould.jpg" data-image-caption="Awards Council member Dr. Stephen Jay Gould presents Dame Jane Goodall with the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award during the 1987 "Salute to Excellence" program in Scottsdale, Arizona." data-image-copyright="Goodall, Jane with Stephen Jay Gould" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould-380x228.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Goodall-Jane-with-Stephen-Jay-Gould-760x457.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Twitter"><i class="icon-icon_twitter-circle"></i></a></li>  <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-email" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever via Email"><i class="icon-icon_email-circle"></i></a></li> </ul> <time class="editorial-article__last-updated sans-6">This page last revised on April 11, 2019</time> <div class="sans-4"><a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/how-to-cite" target="_blank">How to cite this page</a></div> </footer> </div> <div class="container interview-related-achievers"> <hr class="m-t-3 m-b-3"/> <footer class="clearfix small-blocks text-xs-center"> <h3 class="m-b-3 serif-3">If you are inspired by this achiever’s story, you might also enjoy:</h3> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever science-exploration analytical athletic curious resourceful explore-nature explore-the-world " data-year-inducted="1991" data-achiever-name="Earle"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/earle-achiever-profile-square-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/12/earle-achiever-profile-square-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Undersea Explorer</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">1991</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever difficulty-with-school curious resourceful explore-nature teach-others explore-the-world " data-year-inducted="1976" data-achiever-name="Johanson"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/johanson-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/johanson-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Donald C. 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Cooley, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/francis-ford-coppola/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis Ford Coppola</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ray-dalio/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Dalio</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/olivia-de-havilland/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Olivia de Havilland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/michael-e-debakey-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael S. Dell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ron-dennis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Dennis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/joan-didion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joan Didion</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-herbert-donald-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Herbert Donald, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-doubilet/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Doubilet</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jennifer-a-doudna-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jennifer A. Doudna, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/rita-dove/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rita Dove</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/elbaradei/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mohamed ElBaradei</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gertrude B. Elion, M.Sc.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/larry-j-ellison/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry J. Ellison</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/nora-ephron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nora Ephron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/julius-erving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Julius Erving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/tony-fadell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tony Fadell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Farmer, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/suzanne-farrell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzanne Farrell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-s-fauci-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/peter-gabriel/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peter Gabriel</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/leymah-gbowee/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leymah Gbowee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol W. Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-john-gurdon/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir John Gurdon</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-b-maccready-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul B. MacCready, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/reinhold-messner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reinhold Messner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony D. 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Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. Seaborg, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/neil-sheehan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Neil Sheehan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr., USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-slim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Slim Helú</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235254/https://achievement.org/achiever/frederick-w-smith/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick W. 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