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<span>Rockslide</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rockslide-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rockslide subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rockslide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergsturz_in_Frank" title="Bergsturz in Frank – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bergsturz in Frank" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deslizamiento_de_Frank" title="Deslizamiento de Frank – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Deslizamiento de Frank" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89boulement_de_Frank" title="Éboulement de Frank – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éboulement de Frank" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frank_Slide&params=49_35_28_N_114_23_43_W_scale:60000_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°35′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°23′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.59111°N 114.39528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.59111; -114.39528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rockslide, buried part of Frank, Canada (1903)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Frank Slide</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small town shown at the base of a mountain. The mountain's face stands barren following a large rockslide and a light cloud of dust is visible in the air." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg/240px-Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg/360px-Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg/480px-Frank_Slide_4-30-1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="938" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The town of Frank and Turtle Mountain on April 30, 1903, one day after the slide</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">April 29, 1903<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1903-04-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">4:10 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Standard Time">MST</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Frank,_Alberta" title="Frank, Alberta">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Alberta" title="District of Alberta">District of Alberta</a>, North-West Territories (now the province of Alberta), Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frank_Slide&params=49_35_28_N_114_23_43_W_scale:60000_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°35′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°23′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.59111°N 114.39528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.59111; -114.39528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">70–more than 90</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.alberta.ca/frankslide/default.aspx">Frank Slide Interpretive Centre</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Frank Slide</b> was a massive <a href="/wiki/Rockslide" title="Rockslide">rockslide</a> that buried part of the mining town of <a href="/wiki/Frank,_Alberta" title="Frank, Alberta">Frank</a> in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Alberta" title="District of Alberta">District of Alberta</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Territories">North-West Territories</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada, at 4:10 a.m. on April 29, 1903. Around 44 million cubic metres/110 million tonnes (120 million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> rock slid down <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Turtle Mountain (Alberta)">Turtle Mountain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrankSlideFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses reported that within 100 seconds the rock reached up the opposing hills, obliterating the eastern edge of Frank, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> (CPR) line and the coal mine. It was one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslides</a> in Canadian history and remains the deadliest, as between 70 and 90 of the town's residents died, most of whom remain buried in the <a href="/wiki/Rubble" title="Rubble">rubble</a>. Multiple factors led to the slide: Turtle Mountain's formation left it in a constant state of instability. Coal mining operations may have weakened the mountain's internal structure, as did a wet winter and cold snap on the night of the disaster. </p><p>The railway was repaired within three weeks and the mine was quickly reopened. The section of town closest to the mountain was relocated in 1911 amid fears that another slide was possible. The town's population nearly doubled its pre-slide population by 1906, but dwindled after the mine closed permanently in 1917. The community is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Pass,_Alberta" title="Crowsnest Pass, Alberta">Municipality of Crowsnest Pass</a> in the Province of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and has a population around 200. The site of the disaster, which remains nearly unchanged since the slide, is now a popular tourist destination. It has been designated a <a href="/wiki/Provincial_historic_site_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial historic site of Alberta">provincial historic site of Alberta</a> and is home to an <a href="/wiki/Interpretive_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretive centre">interpretive centre</a> that receives over 100,000 visitors annually. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg/220px-Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg/330px-Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg/440px-Frank_Alberta_1903_A15276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Frank prior to the slide</figcaption></figure> <p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Frank,_Alberta" title="Frank, Alberta">Frank</a> was founded in the southwestern corner of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Alberta" title="District of Alberta">District of Alberta</a>, a subdivision of the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Territories">North-West Territories</a>, in 1901. A location was chosen near the base of <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Turtle Mountain (Alberta)">Turtle Mountain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Pass" title="Crowsnest Pass">Crowsnest Pass</a>, where coal had been discovered one year earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frank" title="Henry Frank">Henry Frank</a> who, along with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gebo" title="Samuel Gebo">Samuel Gebo</a>, owned the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company, which operated the mine that the town was created to support.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson56_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair celebrated the founding of the town on September 10, 1901, with a gala opening that featured speeches from territorial leaders, sporting events, a dinner and tours of the mine and planned layout for the community. The CPR ran special trains that brought over 1,400 people from neighbouring communities to celebrate the event.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson56_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By April 1903, the permanent population had reached 600, and the town featured a two-storey school and four hotels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turtle Mountain stands immediately south of Frank. It consists of an older <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> layer <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folded</a> over on top of softer materials such as <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>. Erosion had left the mountain with a steep overhang of its limestone layer.<sup id="cite_ref-FSICFAQ_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSICFAQ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has long been unstable; the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kutenai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutenai people">Kutenai</a> peoples called it "the mountain that moves" and refused to camp in its vicinity.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncyFrankSlide_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncyFrankSlide-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the weeks leading up to the disaster, miners occasionally felt rumblings from within the mountain, while the pressure created by the shifting rock sometimes caused the timbers supporting the mine shafts to crack and splinter.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rockslide">Rockslide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rockslide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:News03a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Frank Slide area in 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/News03a.jpg/330px-News03a.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/News03a.jpg/495px-News03a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/News03a.jpg/660px-News03a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>View of slide along Dominion Avenue after the slide, Circa 1903</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early morning hours of April 29, 1903, a freight train pulled out of the mine and was slowly making its way towards the townsite when the crew heard a deafening rumble behind them. The engineer immediately set the throttle to full speed ahead and sped his train to safety across the bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_River" title="Crowsnest River">Crowsnest River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vanHerk385_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanHerk385-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 4:10 am, 30 million cubic metres of limestone rock with a mass of 110 million tonnes (121 million US tons) broke off the peak of Turtle Mountain. The section that broke was 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) wide, 425 metres (1,394 ft) high and 150 metres (490 ft) deep.<sup id="cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrankSlideFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses to the disaster claimed it took about 100 seconds for the slide to reach up the opposing hills, indicating the mass of rock travelled at a speed of about 112 kilometres per hour (70 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasCanada_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasCanada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sound was heard as far away as <a href="/wiki/Cochrane,_Alberta" title="Cochrane, Alberta">Cochrane</a>, over 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Frank.<sup id="cite_ref-FSICFAQ_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSICFAQ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initial reports on the disaster indicated that Frank had been "nearly wiped out" by the mountain's collapse. It was thought the rockslide was triggered by an earthquake, volcanic eruption or explosion within the mine.<sup id="cite_ref-MtlGazetteBulletin_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MtlGazetteBulletin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the town survived, but the slide buried buildings on the eastern outskirts of Frank. Seven cottages were destroyed, as were several businesses, the cemetery, a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) stretch of road and railroad tracks, and all of the mine's buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately 100 people lived in the path of destruction, located between the CPR tracks and the river.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson63_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The death toll is uncertain; estimates range between 70<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 90. It is the deadliest <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslide</a> in Canadian history<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasCanada_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasCanada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the largest until the <a href="/wiki/Hope_Slide" title="Hope Slide">Hope Slide</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr27_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr27-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the toll may have been higher, since as many as 50 transients had been camped at the base of the mountain while looking for work. Some residents believed that they had left Frank shortly before the slide, though there is no way to be certain.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the victims remain entombed beneath the rocks; only 12 bodies were recovered in the immediate aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skeletons of six additional victims were unearthed in 1924 by crews building a new road through the slide.<sup id="cite_ref-1924Skeletons_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1924Skeletons-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initial news reports stated that between 50 and 60 men were within the mountain and had been buried with no hope of survival.<sup id="cite_ref-MtlGazetteBulletin_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MtlGazetteBulletin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reality, there were 20 miners working the night shift at the time of the disaster. Three had been outside the mine and were killed by the slide.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr12_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr12-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 17 were underground. They discovered that the entrance was blocked and water from the river, which had been dammed by the slide, was coming in via a secondary tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr15_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr15-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They unsuccessfully tried to dig their way through the blocked entrance before one miner suggested he knew of a <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">seam</a> of coal that reached the surface. Working a narrow tunnel in pairs and threes, they dug through the coal for hours as the air around them became increasingly toxic.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson86_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only three men still had enough energy to continue digging when they broke through to the surface late in the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr15_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr15-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening was too dangerous to escape from due to falling rocks from above. Encouraged by their success, the miners cut a new shaft that broke through under an outcropping of rock that protected them from falling debris. Thirteen hours after they were buried, all 17 men emerged from the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson86_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Slide,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Side view of a mountain scarred by a large debris field down its side. A field of rock lies at its base." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Frank_Slide%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Frank Slide area in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The miners found that the row of cottages that served as their homes had been devastated and some of their families killed, seemingly at random.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One found his family alive and safe in a makeshift hospital, but another emerged to discover his wife and four children had died.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifteen-year-old Lillian Clark, working a late shift that night in the town's boarding house, had been given permission to stay overnight for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson63_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the only member of her family to survive. Her father was working outside the mine when the slide hit, while her mother and six siblings were buried in their home.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All 12 men living at the CPR work camp were killed, but 128 more who were scheduled to move into the camp the day before the slide had not arrived—the train that was supposed to take them there from <a href="/wiki/Morrissey,_British_Columbia" title="Morrissey, British Columbia">Morrissey, British Columbia</a>, failed to pick them up.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr24_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr24-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Spokane Flyer</i>, a passenger train heading west from <a href="/wiki/Lethbridge,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lethbridge, Alberta">Lethbridge</a>, was saved by CPR brakeman Sid Choquette, one of two men who rushed across the rock-strewn ground to warn the train that the track had been buried under the slide.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through falling rocks and a dust cloud that impaired his visibility, Choquette ran for 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to warn the oncoming locomotive of the danger. The CPR gave him a letter of commendation and a $25 cheque (approximately $750 in 2019) in recognition of his heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early on April 30 a special train from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Macleod" title="Fort Macleod">Fort Macleod</a> arrived with police officers and doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Premier of the Northwest Territories">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._A._G._Haultain" title="Frederick W. A. G. Haultain">Frederick Haultain</a> arrived at the disaster site on May 1, where he met with engineers who had investigated the top of Turtle Mountain. Though new fissures had formed at the peak, they felt there was limited further risk to the town; nevertheless, the CPR's chief engineer felt that Frank was in imminent danger from another slide. Siding with the latter, Haultain ordered the town evacuated,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada" title="Geological Survey of Canada">Geological Survey of Canada</a> (GSC) sent two of its top geologists to investigate further. They reported that the slide had created two new peaks on the mountain and that the north peak, overlooking the town, was not in imminent danger of collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the evacuation order was lifted on May 10 and Frank's citizens returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson93_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">North-West Mounted Police</a>, reinforced by officers who arrived from <a href="/wiki/Cranbrook,_British_Columbia" title="Cranbrook, British Columbia">Cranbrook</a>, Fort Macleod and <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, kept tight control of the town and ensured that no cases of <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looting</a> occurred during the evacuation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clearing the CPR line was of paramount importance.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of the main line had been buried under the slide, along with part of an auxiliary line.<sup id="cite_ref-FSICFAQ_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSICFAQ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CPR had the line cleared and rebuilt within three weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intent on reopening the mine, workers opened passageways to the old mine works by May 30. To their amazement, they discovered that Charlie the horse, one of three who worked in the mine, had survived for over a month underground.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mule had subsisted by eating the bark off the timber supports and by drinking from pools of water. The mule died when his rescuers overfed him on oats and brandy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town's population not only recovered but grew; the 1906 census of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a> listed the population at 1,178.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new study commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Dominion government</a> determined that the cracks in the mountain continued to grow and that the risk of another slide remained. Consequently, parts of Frank closest to the mountain were dismantled or relocated to safer areas. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from the north shoulder of Turtle Mountain. The Frank townsite was where the old road leaves the slide on the left. Frank Lake was created by the slide. Bellevue is at top right. The Interpretive Centre is at left (2013)."><img alt="A field of rock debris that exists from the side of a mountain, down the valley below." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg/1000px-FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="640" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg/1500px-FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg/2000px-FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4177" data-file-height="2675" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:FRANK_SLIDE_20130716.jpg" title="File:FRANK SLIDE 20130716.jpg"> </a></div>View from the north shoulder of Turtle Mountain. The Frank townsite was where the old road leaves the slide on the left. Frank Lake was created by the slide. <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Alberta" title="Bellevue, Alberta">Bellevue</a> is at top right. The Interpretive Centre is at left (2013).</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several factors led to the Frank Slide.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study conducted by the GSC immediately following the slide concluded that the primary cause was the mountain's unstable <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticline</a> formation; a layer of limestone rested on top of softer materials that, after years of erosion, resulted in a top-heavy, steep cliff.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cracks laced the eastern face of the mountain while underground fissures allowed water to flow into the mountain's core.<sup id="cite_ref-FSS_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSS-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local Indigenous peoples of the area, the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfoot">Blackfoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ktunaxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktunaxa">Ktunaxa</a>, had oral traditions referring to the peak as "the mountain that moves".<sup id="cite_ref-FSS_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSS-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miners noticed the mountain had become increasingly unstable in the months preceding the slide; they felt small tremors and the superintendent reported a "general squeeze" in the mountain at depths between 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). They found that coal broke from its seam; it was said to have practically mined itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson96_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson96-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A metallic cylinder sits atop a square platform raised by two bolts. A prism connected to cables monitors the mountain for movement." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg/220px-Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg/330px-Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg/440px-Turtle_Mountain_prism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Monitoring equipment at the peak of Turtle Mountain</figcaption></figure> <p>An unusually warm winter, with warm days and cold nights, was also a factor. Water in the mountain's fissures froze and thawed repeatedly, further weakening the mountain's supports.<sup id="cite_ref-vanHerk385_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanHerk385-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy snowfall in the region in March was followed by a warm April, causing the mountain snows to melt into the fissures.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GSC geologists concluded that the weather conditions that night likely triggered the slide. The crew of the freight train that arrived at Frank shortly before the disaster said it was the coldest night of the winter, with overnight temperatures falling below −18 °C (0 °F). Geologists speculated that the cold snap and rapid freezing resulted in expansion of the fissures, causing the limestone to break off and tumble down the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson96_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson96-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the GSC concluded that mining activities contributed to the slide, the facility's owners disagreed. Their engineers claimed that the mine bore no responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later studies suggested that the mountain had been at a point of "equilibrium"; even a small deformation such as that caused by the mine's existence would have helped trigger a slide.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mine was quickly re-opened, even though rock continued to tumble down the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Byfield377_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byfield377-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coal production at Frank peaked in 1910,<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr36_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr36-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the mine was permanently closed in 1917 after it became unprofitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Byfield377_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byfield377-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The slide created two new peaks on the mountain; the south peak stands 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high and the north peak 2,100 metres (6,900 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrankSlideFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geologists believe that another slide is inevitable, though not imminent. The south peak is considered the most likely to fall; it would likely create a slide about one-sixth the size of the 1903 slide.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mountain, continuously monitored for changes in stability, has been studied on numerous occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Alberta Geological Survey operates a state-of-the-art monitoring system used by researchers around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 80 monitoring stations have been placed on the face of the mountain to provide an early warning system for area residents in case of another slide.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geologists have debated about what caused the slide debris to travel the distance it did. The "air cushion" theory, an early hypothesis, postulated that a layer of air was trapped between the mass of rock and the mountain, which caused the rock to move a greater distance than would otherwise be expected.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Acoustic_fluidization" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoustic fluidization">Acoustic fluidization</a>" is another theory, which suggests that large masses of material create seismic energy that reduces friction and causes the debris to flow down the mountain as though it is a fluid.<sup id="cite_ref-APEGGA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APEGGA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geologists created the term "<a href="/wiki/Debris_avalanche" class="mw-redirect" title="Debris avalanche">debris avalanche</a>" to describe the Frank Slide.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasCanada_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasCanada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous legends and misconceptions were spawned in the aftermath of the slide.<sup id="cite_ref-Byfield377_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byfield377-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire town of Frank was claimed to have been buried, though much of the town itself was unscathed.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr9_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr9-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belief that a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Bank_of_Canada" title="Union Bank of Canada">Union Bank of Canada</a> had been buried with as much as $500,000 persisted for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-RLP1980_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLP1980-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bank—untouched by the slide—remained in the same location until it was demolished in 1911, after which the <a href="/wiki/Buried_treasure" title="Buried treasure">buried treasure</a> legend arose.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson99_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson99-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crews building a new road through the pass in 1924 operated under police guard as it was believed they could unearth the supposedly buried bank.<sup id="cite_ref-1924Skeletons_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1924Skeletons-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several people, telling amazing stories to those who would listen, passed themselves off as the "sole survivor" in the years following the slide.<sup id="cite_ref-Byfield377_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byfield377-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common such tale is that of an infant girl said to have been the only survivor of the slide. Her real name unknown, the girl was called "Frankie Slide". Several stories were told of her miraculous escape: she was found in a bale of hay, lying on rocks, under the collapsed roof of her house or in the arms of her dead mother.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legend was based primarily on the story of Marion Leitch, who was thrown from her home into a pile of hay when the slide enveloped her home. Her sisters also survived; they were found unharmed under a collapsed ceiling joist. Her parents and four brothers died.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEncy100th_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEncy100th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influencing the story was the survival of two-year-old Gladys Ennis, who was found outside her home in the mud. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_last_survivors_of_historical_events" title="List of last survivors of historical events">last survivor</a> of the slide, she died in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCArchives_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCArchives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, 23 people in the path of the slide survived, in addition to the 17 miners who escaped from the tunnels under Turtle Mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson99_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson99-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ballad by <a href="/wiki/Ed_McCurdy" title="Ed McCurdy">Ed McCurdy</a> featuring the story of Frankie Slide was popular in parts of Canada in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slide has formed the basis of other songs, including "How the Mountain Came Down" by <a href="/wiki/Stompin%27_Tom_Connors" title="Stompin' Tom Connors">Stompin' Tom Connors</a> ,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more recently, "Frank, AB" by <a href="/wiki/The_Rural_Alberta_Advantage" title="The Rural Alberta Advantage">The Rural Alberta Advantage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Frank Slide has been the subject of several books, both historical<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fictional.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curious sightseers flocked to the site of the slide within the day of the disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson93_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has remained a popular tourist destination, in part due to its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Highway" title="Crowsnest Highway">Crowsnest Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alberta_Highway_3" title="Alberta Highway 3">Highway 3</a>). The province built a roadside turnout in 1941 to accommodate the traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Town boosters unsuccessfully sought to have the site designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site</a> in 1958. It was later designated a <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Historic_Sites_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Historic Sites of Alberta">Provincial Historic Site of Alberta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial government designated the slide area a restricted development zone in 1976, which prevents alteration of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, a memorial plaque was erected.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Frank Slide Interpretive Centre, within sight of the mountain, was opened in 1985. A museum and tourist stop document the Frank Slide and the region's coal mining history.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Frank recovered from the slide and achieved a peak population of 1,000 shortly thereafter, the closure of the mine resulted in a longstanding decline in population.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr36_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr36-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank ceased to be an independent community in 1979, when it was amalgamated into the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Crowsnest_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Crowsnest Pass">Municipality of Crowsnest Pass</a> along with the neighbouring communities of <a href="/wiki/Blairmore,_Alberta" title="Blairmore, Alberta">Blairmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman,_Alberta" title="Coleman, Alberta">Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_Alberta" title="Hillcrest, Alberta">Hillcrest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Alberta" title="Bellevue, Alberta">Bellevue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank is now home to about 200 residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Slide" title="Hope Slide">Hope Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mount_Meager_landslide" title="2010 Mount Meager landslide">2010 Mount Meager landslide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The province of Alberta was <a href="/wiki/History_of_Alberta#Drive_to_provincehood" title="History of Alberta">not created until September 1905</a>, more than two years after the slide. The community was still part of the North-West Territories when the incident occurred.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FrankSlideFacts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrankSlideFacts_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiels1980" class="citation cs2">Shiels, Bob (January 31, 1980), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SnRkAAAAIBAJ&pg=4271,5976535">"The Kerrs want a museum in the Pass"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. D14<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Kerrs+want+a+museum+in+the+Pass&rft.pages=D14&rft.date=1980-01-31&rft.aulast=Shiels&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DSnRkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4271%2C5976535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DXZkAAAAIBAJ&pg=2665,12947">"Rock bottom bargain"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. A1, September 11, 1984<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Rock+bottom+bargain&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1984-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DDXZkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2665%2C12947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowsnest_Pass_Historical_Society1979" class="citation book cs1">Crowsnest Pass Historical Society (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130624174717/http://www.ourfutureourpast.ca/loc_hist/page.aspx?id=3559417"><i>Crowsnest and its people</i></a>. Coleman: Crowsnest Pass Historical Society. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88925-046-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88925-046-4"><bdi>0-88925-046-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourfutureourpast.ca/loc_hist/page.aspx?id=3559417">the original</a> on June 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crowsnest+and+its+people&rft.place=Coleman&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Crowsnest+Pass+Historical+Society&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-88925-046-4&rft.au=Crowsnest+Pass+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourfutureourpast.ca%2Floc_hist%2Fpage.aspx%3Fid%3D3559417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiels1985" class="citation cs2">Shiels, Bob (May 1, 1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1nZkAAAAIBAJ&pg=2425,421059">"Guests hail Frank Slide centre"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. F10<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Guests+hail+Frank+Slide+centre&rft.pages=F10&rft.date=1985-05-01&rft.aulast=Shiels&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D1nZkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2425%2C421059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1978" class="citation cs2">White, Geoff (October 19, 1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L3JkAAAAIBAJ&pg=6096,5221315">"Legislation introduced to unify Crowsnest area"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. A3<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Legislation+introduced+to+unify+Crowsnest+area&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=1978-10-19&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DL3JkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6096%2C5221315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2005" class="citation cs2">Anderson, Frank W. (2005) [1968], Wilson, Diana (ed.), <i>Triumph and Tragedy in the Crowsnest Pass</i>, Surrey, British Columbia: Heritage House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894384-16-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-894384-16-4"><bdi>1-894384-16-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Triumph+and+Tragedy+in+the+Crowsnest+Pass&rft.place=Surrey%2C+British+Columbia&rft.pub=Heritage+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-894384-16-4&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Frank+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenkoStead1998" class="citation journal cs1">Benko, Boris; Stead, Doug (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.viu.ca/earle/geol390/frank-slide-failure-mechanism.pdf">"The Frank slide: a reexamination of the failure mechanism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Geotechnical Journal</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 299–311. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Ft98-005">10.1139/t98-005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Geotechnical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Frank+slide%3A+a+reexamination+of+the+failure+mechanism&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-311&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Ft98-005&rft.aulast=Benko&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Stead%2C+Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.viu.ca%2Fearle%2Fgeol390%2Ffrank-slide-failure-mechanism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByfield1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Byfield" title="Ted Byfield">Byfield, Ted</a>, ed. (1992), <i>Alberta in the 20th Century: The Birth of the Province, 1900–1910</i>, vol. 2, Edmonton, Alberta: United Western Communications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9695718-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9695718-1-X"><bdi>0-9695718-1-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alberta+in+the+20th+Century%3A+The+Birth+of+the+Province%2C+1900%E2%80%931910&rft.place=Edmonton%2C+Alberta&rft.pub=United+Western+Communications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-9695718-1-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr1990" class="citation cs2">Kerr, J. William (1990), <i>Frank Slide</i>, Calgary, Alberta: Barker, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9694761-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9694761-0-8"><bdi>0-9694761-0-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Slide&rft.place=Calgary%2C+Alberta&rft.pub=Barker&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-9694761-0-8&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=J.+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Herk2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Aritha_Van_Herk" title="Aritha Van Herk">van Herk, Aritha</a> (2001), <i>Mavericks: An Incorrigible History of Alberta</i>, Toronto, Ontario: Penguin Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-028602-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-028602-0"><bdi>0-14-028602-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mavericks%3A+An+Incorrigible+History+of+Alberta&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-14-028602-0&rft.aulast=van+Herk&rft.aufirst=Aritha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank_Slide" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frank Slide">Frank Slide</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankslide.ca/">Frank Slide Interpretive Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ags.aer.ca/activities/turtle-mountain-monitoring-program">Turtle Mountain Monitoring Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scribol.com/anthropology-and-history/history/the-425m-landslide-that-engulfed-an-albertan-town">"The 425m Landslide that Engulfed an Albertan Town" (2010)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/">SOS! Canadian Disasters</a>, a virtual museum exhibition at Library and Archives Canada</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead,_R.S." class="citation web cs1">Read, R.S.; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.mtu.edu/EHaz/VolcanoInstability_class/froese/pdf/TMMP%20Overview%20Paper%20_final_.pdf">"Frank Slide a Century Later: The Turtle Mountain Monitoring Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Michigan Tech.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Slide+a+Century+Later%3A+The+Turtle+Mountain+Monitoring+Project&rft.pub=Michigan+Tech&rft.au=Read%2C+R.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.mtu.edu%2FEHaz%2FVolcanoInstability_class%2Ffroese%2Fpdf%2FTMMP%2520Overview%2520Paper%2520_final_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Slide" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_in_Alberta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alberta_parks" title="Template:Alberta parks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alberta_parks" title="Template talk:Alberta parks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alberta_parks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alberta parks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_in_Alberta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Alberta" title="List of protected areas of Alberta">Protected areas in Alberta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rocky_Mountain_Parks_World_Heritage_Site" title="Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site">Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Provincial_Park" title="Dinosaur Provincial Park">Dinosaur Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-Smashed-In_Buffalo_Jump" title="Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump">Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton-Glacier_International_Peace_Park" title="Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park">Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Buffalo_National_Park" title="Wood Buffalo National Park">Wood Buffalo National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing-on-Stone_Provincial_Park" title="Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park">Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banff_National_Park" title="Banff National Park">Banff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Island_National_Park" title="Elk Island National Park">Elk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_National_Park" title="Jasper National Park">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton_Lakes_National_Park" title="Waterton Lakes National Park">Waterton Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Buffalo_National_Park" title="Wood Buffalo National Park">Wood Buffalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_park" title="Provincial park">Provincial parks</a>,<br />wildlands and wildernesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Beach_Provincial_Park" title="Aspen Beach Provincial Park">Aspen Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hill_Provincial_Park" title="Antelope Hill Provincial Park">Antelope Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Beauvais Lake Provincial Park"> Beauvais Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Hill_Springs_Provincial_Park" title="Big Hill Springs Provincial Park">Big Hill Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Island_Provincial_Park" title="Big Island Provincial Park">Big Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Knife_Provincial_Park" title="Big Knife Provincial Park">Big Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Bow Valley Provincial Park">Bow Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragg_Creek_Provincial_Park" title="Bragg Creek Provincial Park">Bragg Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-Lowery_Provincial_Park" title="Brown-Lowery Provincial Park">Brown-Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Calling Lake Provincial Park">Calling Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canmore_Nordic_Centre_Provincial_Park" title="Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park">Canmore Nordic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribou_Mountains_Wildland_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou Mountains Wildland Park">Caribou Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson-Pegasus_Provincial_Park" title="Carson-Pegasus Provincial Park">Carson-Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Provincial_Park" title="Castle Provincial Park">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Wildland_Provincial_Park" title="Castle Wildland Provincial Park">Castle Wildland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_Lakes_Provincial_Park" title="Chain Lakes Provincial Park">Chain Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Cold Lake Provincial Park">Cold Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Crimson Lake Provincial Park">Crimson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Cross Lake Provincial Park">Cross Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Crow Lake Provincial Park">Crow Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_Interprovincial_Park" title="Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park">Cypress Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillberry_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Dillberry Lake Provincial Park">Dillberry Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Provincial_Park" title="Dinosaur Provincial Park">Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Island_Buffalo_Jump_Provincial_Park" title="Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park">Dry Island Buffalo Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvegan_Provincial_Park" title="Dunvegan Provincial Park">Dunvegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Point_Provincial_Park" title="Eagle Point Provincial Park">Eagle Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Creek_Provincial_Park" title="Fish Creek Provincial Park">Fish Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garner_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Garner Lake Provincial Park">Garner Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenbow_Ranch_Provincial_Park" title="Glenbow Ranch Provincial Park">Glenbow Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooseberry_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Gooseberry Lake Provincial Park">Gooseberry Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Greene Valley Provincial Park">Greene Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregoire_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Gregoire Lake Provincial Park">Gregoire Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard%27s_Bay_Provincial_Park" title="Hilliard's Bay Provincial Park">Hilliard's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay-Zama_Lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hay-Zama Lakes">Hay-Zama Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Bay_Provincial_Park" title="Jarvis Bay Provincial Park">Jarvis Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinbrook_Island_Provincial_Park" title="Kinbrook Island Provincial Park">Kinbrook Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kananaskis_Country" title="Kananaskis Country">Kananaskis Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Provincial_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeland Provincial Park">Lakeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Slave_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park">Lesser Slave Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bow_Provincial_Park" title="Little Bow Provincial Park">Little Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Fish_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Little Fish Lake Provincial Park">Little Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Hole_Centennial_Provincial_Park" title="Lois Hole Centennial Provincial Park">Lois Hole Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Lake_Provincial_Park_(Alberta)" title="Long Lake Provincial Park (Alberta)">Long Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Provincial_Park" title="Midland Provincial Park">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miquelon_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Miquelon Lake Provincial Park">Miquelon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Moonshine Lake Provincial Park">Moonshine Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Moose Lake Provincial Park">Moose Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notikewin_Provincial_Park" title="Notikewin Provincial Park">Notikewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Obed Lake Provincial Park">Obed Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_Provincial_Park" title="O'Brien Provincial Park">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Park Lake Provincial Park">Park Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina_River_Provincial_Park" title="Pembina River Provincial Park">Pembina River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed_Provincial_Park" title="Peter Lougheed Provincial Park">Peter Lougheed Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Grey%27s_Lakes_Provincial_Park" title="Pierre Grey's Lakes Provincial Park">Pierre Grey's Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Pigeon Lake Provincial Park">Pigeon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Outpost_Provincial_Park" title="Police Outpost Provincial Park">Police Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Provincial_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Provincial Park">Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Falls_Provincial_Park" title="Ram Falls Provincial Park">Ram Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lodge_Provincial_Park" title="Red Lodge Provincial Park">Red Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochon_Sands_Provincial_Park" title="Rochon Sands Provincial Park">Rochon Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Rock Lake Provincial Park">Rock Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Island_Provincial_Park" title="Saskatoon Island Provincial Park">Saskatoon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_River_Provincial_Park" title="Sheep River Provincial Park">Sheep River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Winston_Churchill_Provincial_Park" title="Sir Winston Churchill Provincial Park">Sir Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Spray Valley Provincial Park">Spray Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathcona_Science_Provincial_Park" title="Strathcona Science Provincial Park">Strathcona Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Provincial_Park" title="Sundance Provincial Park">Sundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Lake_Park" title="Sylvan Lake Park">Sylvan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Thunder Lake Provincial Park">Thunder Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillebrook_Provincial_Park" title="Tillebrook Provincial Park">Tillebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lakes_Provincial_Park" title="Two Lakes Provincial Park">Two Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Provincial_Park" title="Vermilion Provincial Park">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabamun_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Wabamun Lake Provincial Park">Wabamun Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Lakes_Provincial_Park" title="Whitney Lakes Provincial Park">Whitney Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Switzer_Provincial_Park" title="William A. Switzer Provincial Park">William A. Switzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_Provincial_Park" title="Williamson Provincial Park">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmore_Wilderness_Park" title="Willmore Wilderness Park">Willmore Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Creek_Provincial_Park" title="Willow Creek Provincial Park">Willow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winagami_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Winagami Lake Provincial Park">Winagami Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolford_Provincial_Park" title="Woolford Provincial Park">Woolford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing-on-Stone_Provincial_Park" title="Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park">Writing-on-Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham-Carseland_Provincial_Park" title="Wyndham-Carseland Provincial Park">Wyndham-Carseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_Point_Provincial_Park" title="Young's Point Provincial Park">Young's Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_parks_in_Canada" title="Urban parks in Canada">Urban parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Zoo" title="Calgary Zoo">Calgary Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonian_Gardens_(Calgary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonian Gardens (Calgary)">Devonian Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Valley_Zoo" title="Edmonton Valley Zoo">Edmonton Valley Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edworthy_Park" title="Edworthy Park">Edworthy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Woods_Park" title="Mill Woods Park">Mill Woods Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttart_Conservatory" title="Muttart Conservatory">Muttart Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Saskatchewan_River_valley_parks_system" title="North Saskatchewan River valley parks system">North Saskatchewan River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nose_Hill_Park" title="Nose Hill Park">Nose Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldman_River_valley_parks_system" title="Oldman River valley parks system">Oldman River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearce_Estate_Park" title="Pearce Estate Park">Pearce Estate Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Alberta Botanic Garden">University of Alberta Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Lake_Park" title="Sylvan Lake Park">Sylvan Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Historic_site" title="Historic site">historic sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Central_Railway_Museum" title="Alberta Central Railway Museum">Alberta Central Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Coal_Mine" title="Atlas Coal Mine">Atlas Coal Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Grain_Elevator_Discovery_Centre" title="Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Centre">Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Centre</a></li> <li>Canadian Tractor Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_Air_Force_Museum" title="Cold Lake Air Force Museum">Cold Lake Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Bird_Farm" title="Ellis Bird Farm">Ellis Bird Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Calgary" title="Fort Calgary">Fort Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Edmonton_Park" title="Fort Edmonton Park">Fort Edmonton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Victoria,_Alberta" title="Fort Victoria, Alberta">Fort Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Whoop-Up" title="Fort Whoop-Up">Fort Whoop-Up</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galt_Historic_Railway_Park" title="Galt Historic Railway Park">Galt Historic Railway Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenbow_Museum" title="Glenbow Museum">Glenbow Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Acres_Farm_Museum" title="Heritage Acres Farm Museum">Heritage Acres Farm Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Park_Historical_Village" title="Heritage Park Historical Village">Heritage Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krause_Milling_Co." title="Krause Milling Co.">Krause Milling Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Acres_Museum" title="Pioneer Acres Museum">Pioneer Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Elevator_Museum" title="Prairie Elevator Museum">Prairie Elevator Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Carriage_Museum" title="Remington Carriage Museum">Remington Carriage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Museum" title="Reynolds Museum">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Alberta_Museum" title="Royal Alberta Museum">Royal Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tyrrell_Museum_of_Palaeontology" title="Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology">Royal Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandia_Eastern_Irrigation_District_Museum" title="Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum">Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Peace_Centennial_Museum" title="South Peace Centennial Museum">South Peace Centennial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Grove_Grain_Elevator_Museum" title="Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum">Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albert_Grain_Elevator_Park" title="St. Albert Grain Elevator Park">St. Albert Grain Elevator Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Village" title="Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village">Ukrainian Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_elevator_row" title="Warner elevator row">Warner elevator row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whyte_Museum" title="Whyte Museum">Whyte</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Alberta" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Alberta">National historic sites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provincial_historic_sites_of_Alberta" title="Provincial historic sites of Alberta">Provincial historic sites</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&oldid=1237113746">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Slide&oldid=1237113746</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crowsnest_Pass,_Alberta" title="Category:Crowsnest Pass, Alberta">Crowsnest Pass, Alberta</a></li><li><a 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